CN108387815B - Testing method using special wall line analyzer - Google Patents
Testing method using special wall line analyzer Download PDFInfo
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- CN108387815B CN108387815B CN201810034539.7A CN201810034539A CN108387815B CN 108387815 B CN108387815 B CN 108387815B CN 201810034539 A CN201810034539 A CN 201810034539A CN 108387815 B CN108387815 B CN 108387815B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/083—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in cables, e.g. underground
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/58—Testing of lines, cables or conductors
Abstract
The invention discloses a testing method using a special wall line analyzer, belongs to the field of electronic technology and cable maintenance, and relates to a testing method using a special wall line analyzer. The method utilizes a specially-made wall line analyzer to perform testing, performs analog signal analysis and digital signal analysis on electromagnetic waves radiated outside by a wall line, visually displays the line position through an LCD screen, digitally displays the intensity of the electromagnetic waves, and can perform line position detection and analysis on two wall lines of 'completely power off' and 'incompletely power off'. The special wall line analyzer is used for testing, the trend and the position of a line in a wall can be visually and accurately displayed on a screen, and the breakpoint of a cable and the like can be measured to a certain extent; the detection result is visual and reliable, the precision is high, the operation is easy, and the method can adapt to different measurement environments. And the breaking point of the electric heating wire of the electric blanket can be detected, and the system integration level is high, and the use and the carrying are convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electronic technology and cable maintenance, and relates to a testing method using a special wall line analyzer.
Background
Wall body line analysis appearance is the instrument of line in keeping away the wall body specially for fitment company in the fitment process, and usually, when people decorate the house, often need to keep away the interior power cord of wall and carry out operations such as punch, under the condition of not destroying the wall body, the decorator often hardly learns which position the line is located in the wall.
The invention discloses a cable disconnection fault finder applied in 2013 by Zhouyu, and provides a cable disconnection fault finder which is low in price, practical, reliable in detection result and easy to popularize, and is provided with patent number 201310370801.2. The cable breaking fault finder can be used for searching a non-heating fault point when the heating wire of the electric blanket is broken, and can also be used for searching a specific position of building lighting circuit wiring. The tracing tool can quickly and accurately find the fault position of the breakpoint. However, the cable disconnection fault finder judges the distance from the line according to the intensity of sound and the intensity of light emitted by the light emitting diode, subjective errors are easy to generate, the precision is low, and workers need to be trained and trained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the defects of the prior art are overcome, the existing wall line analyzer in the market is mainly used for avoiding the lines in the wall body in the decoration process of a decoration company, and the traditional wall line analysis equipment judges the line position by listening to the sound of interference signals generated by wall body electromagnetic waves and can generate a considerable subjective error. In order to make up and overcome the problems, the invention provides a special wall line analyzer which is developed on the basis of summarizing and absorbing various cable fault measurement technologies and wall line detection technologies. The electromagnetic wave radiated outside by the wall line is subjected to double analysis of analog signal analysis and digital signal analysis, the line position is visually displayed through an LCD screen, and the electromagnetic wave intensity is digitally displayed. The instrument is used for testing, so that the trend and the position of a line in a wall body can be visually and accurately displayed on a screen, and the breakpoint of a cable and the like can be measured to a certain extent; the precision is high, the detection result is visual and reliable, the operation is easy, and the device can adapt to different measuring environments.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is a testing method using a wall line analyzer, which is characterized in that the method utilizes a specially-made wall line analyzer to carry out testing, carries out analog signal analysis and digital signal analysis double analysis on electromagnetic waves radiated outside by a wall line, visually displays the line position through an LCD screen, digitally displays the intensity of the electromagnetic waves, and can carry out line position detection and analysis on two wall lines of 'completely power-off' and 'incompletely power-off'; the method comprises the following specific steps:
the first step is as follows: manufacturing method of special wall line analyzer
The special wall line analyzer consists of a host part and a signal generation joint part;
the host machine part consists of a box body 11, a left handrail 6, a right handrail 8, four electromagnetic sensors, a display screen 7, a power interface 9, a USB communication interface 10 and a main control board; firstly, a first electromagnetic sensor 1, a second electromagnetic sensor, a third electromagnetic sensor and a fourth electromagnetic sensor 1, 2, 3 and 4 are respectively arranged at four corners of a box body 11, the four electromagnetic sensors are arranged on the same plane when being arranged, the four electromagnetic sensors are made of copper-clad plates, inner cores of coaxial cables are connected to a main control board, and shielding nets of the coaxial cables are connected to a ground wire of a circuit; the left handrail 6 and the right handrail 8 are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the box body 11 respectively, the display screen 7 is arranged on a middle cavity of the upper surface of the box body 11, and the power interface 9 and the USB communication interface 10 are arranged on the side surface of the box body 11 respectively; the main control board is composed of a singlechip minimum system circuit, a power supply circuit, an acquisition circuit, a shaping circuit and an LCD display circuit and is made of a PCB; reasonable copper coating is carried out during PCB design, and analog ground and digital ground are isolated and other related anti-interference designs are carried out;
in the signal generation connector part, a 250Hz square wave signal generator circuit is independently arranged in the signal generation connector 5, the signal generation connector 5 is arranged at the top of the box body 11, and a three-wire type mains supply male connector is arranged on one side of the signal generation connector 5 and can be taken down according to the specific test condition;
the second step is that: main control board circuit debugging
The main control board circuit debugging is started from a power supply circuit; taking down the chip on the singlechip socket; switching on a power supply, measuring whether the voltage of each voltage network is normal by using a universal meter, and checking a power supply circuit if the voltage of each voltage network is normal;
respectively debugging the signal acquisition circuit and the signal shaping circuit by using an oscilloscope, connecting the signal generation joint circuit to an empty socket during debugging, then turning on a main control panel power supply, and measuring the signal waveform of the INFO1 to the ground by using the oscilloscope when the first sensor approaches the socket, wherein if the sine wave of about 250Hz can be detected, the signal generation joint circuit can be regarded as being free of problems;
the third step: programming algorithm
Calculating the strength of the acquired signals according to the strength values of the signals acquired by the four sensors, and calculating the position of the simulation curve; for square waves, an ADC (analog to digital converter) of a single chip microcomputer is used for data conversion; the signal intensity calculation is carried out by the peak-to-peak value for the sine wave, the signal intensity in one period is continuously measured,
if the acquired ADC value is greater than the previous value, the previous value is overwritten, similarly:
unsigned int info_adc_get()
{unsigned int adc,i；
for(i＝0；i＜10；i++)
{if(adc_get()＞adc)adc＝adc_get()；delay(time)；}
return adc；adc＝0；}
wherein, the value of time is the ratio of the cycle length to the collection density, 5 groups of data are collected by the method, the maximum value and the minimum value are removed, then the average calculation is carried out, and the collected random error value is removed; the 5 groups of data are complementarily filtered, namely: info1_ adc2 ═ info1_ adc1*0.8+info1_adc2*0.2
Wherein info1_ adc2 represents group 2 data for the 1 st sensor;
thus, the intensity data of 4 sensors are measured alternately, and then the simulation curve calculation is carried out; since the signal strength is inversely proportional to the distance between the sensor and the wire, the analog curve calculation algorithm can be simplified to the following problem:
knowing the coordinates of the center points of the 4 sensors as (0,0), (0, a), (b, a), (b,0), respectively, the simulation curve crosses the maximum point thereof, the signal intensities of the sensors a1, a2, A3, a4 are inversely proportional to the minimum distance of the simulation curve; solving an expression of a simulation curve;
firstly, the sensor with the strongest signal is supposed to pass through; assume that this sensor signal strength is a 1; the analysis and calculation can know that:
when the A1 value is maximum and the A2 value is minimum, the simulation curve passes through the 3 rd sensor and the 4 th sensor;
when the A1 value is maximum and the A3 value is minimum, the simulation curve passes through the 1 st sensor and the 4 th sensor;
when the A1 value is maximum and the A4 value is minimum, the simulation curve passes through the position between the 2 nd sensor and the 3 rd sensor;
when the simulated curve crosses the 2 nd, 3 rd sensors:
firstly, the satisfied distance passing through the 2 nd and 3 rd sensors is equal to the point (x) on the analog curve of the inverse intensity ratio1,y1) The method comprises the following steps:
x1×A2＝(b-x1)×A3
then, the satisfied distance between the 2 nd and the 4 th sensors is equal to the point (x) on the analog curve with the inverse intensity ratio2,y2) The method comprises the following steps:
(x2 2+(a-y2)2)A2 2＝((b-x2)2+y2 2)×A4 2
ax2+by2＝ab
respectively find (x)1,y1)，(x2,y2) If the second order curve passes through the 1 st sensor coordinate as (0,0), the curve y can be set as α x2+ β x, the curve can be obtained by substituting two points, and the calculation method is the same as above when the other points are maximum values.
The curve is displayed on an LCD display screen 7 by a point tracing method, and other checking circuits are matched to realize the function;
the procedure was as follows: firstly, hardware initialization is carried out, then whether a sensor is connected or not is detected, if not, an error is reported, if so, whether a signal generation joint is connected to a main control board or not is judged, if so, a 50Hz signal detection mode is entered, and if not, a 250Hz signal detection mode is entered; the single chip microcomputer judges whether the signal is a 50Hz or 250Hz signal through PCA, if not, the step of detecting whether the sensor is connected is returned, and if so, the intensity is acquired, and an analog curve is calculated and displayed. And returning to re-detect whether the sensor is connected or not after the display is finished, and carrying out the next round of detection and simulation.
The fourth step: wall testing
The wall body test is carried out under two conditions that the line in the wall body can not be completely powered off and the line in the wall body can be completely powered off;
1) measurement method for wall circuit incapable of being completely powered off
Firstly, keeping the signal generating joint connected to the host; starting up, waiting for system self-checking, and prompting to check according to the content if an error exists; checking whether the working mode on the screen is 50Hz, if so, carrying out the next step, and if not, checking whether the signal generation connector is plugged; the instrument is far away from a tested line, and if no display is available, the instrument works in an environment with less interference and can be normally used; the method comprises the following steps that (1) measurement is carried out when the screen is close to a wall body, the approximate position of a line in the wall body can appear in the center of the screen, and the signal intensity value corresponding to each sensor can be displayed at four corners; the approximate depth of the line at the inner side of the wall body is displayed below the screen; and after the measurement is finished, the power supply is turned off.
2) A measurement method for a wall circuit that can be completely powered off;
firstly, cutting off a power supply of the tested line, pulling off a signal generating connector, connecting the signal generating connector to any socket of the tested line, and opening a signal generating connector switch; starting up, waiting for system self-checking, and prompting to check according to the content if an error exists; checking whether the working mode on the screen is 250Hz, if so, carrying out the next step, and if not, checking whether the signal generation connector is plugged; the instrument is far away from a tested line, and if no display is available, the instrument works in an environment with less interference and can be normally used; the method comprises the following steps that measurement is carried out when the screen is close to a wall body, the approximate position of a line in the wall body can appear in the center of the screen, the signal intensity value corresponding to each sensor can be displayed at four corners, and the approximate depth of the line in the inner side of the wall body can be displayed below the screen; and after the measurement is finished, the power supply is turned off.
The invention has the advantages that the subjective error generated when the traditional wall line analysis equipment judges the line position through hearing is overcome, the special wall line analyzer performs double analysis of analog signal analysis and digital signal analysis on the electromagnetic wave radiated outside by the wall line, the line position is visually displayed through the LCD screen, and the electromagnetic wave intensity is digitally displayed. The instrument is used for testing, so that the trend and the position of a line in a wall body can be visually and accurately displayed on a screen, and the breakpoint of a cable and the like can be measured to a certain extent; the detection result is visual and reliable, the precision is high, the operation is easy, and the method can adapt to different measurement environments. And the breaking point of the electric heating wire of the electric blanket can be detected, and the system integration level is high, and the use and the carrying are convenient. The method is suitable for the 50Hz and 250Hz double detection modes of different line environments, and prevents misoperation by utilizing a plug-in signal generation joint switching mode.
Drawings
Fig. 1-subjective view of wall line analyzer, fig. 2-side view of wall line analyzer, wherein, 1-first electromagnetic sensor, 2-second electromagnetic sensor, 3-third electromagnetic sensor, 4-fourth electromagnetic sensor, 5-signal generation joint, 6-left armrest, 7-display screen, 8-right armrest, 9-power interface, 10-USB communication interface, 11-box.
Fig. 3-a circuit diagram of the signal generating connector, fig. 4-an acquisition circuit diagram, fig. 5-a signal shaping circuit diagram,
fig. 6-program flow chart.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is provided in the accompanying drawings and claims.
FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are the appearance structure diagrams of the specially-made wall line analyzer, and the electromagnetic sensor adopts
And (4) manufacturing a copper-clad plate, wherein the battery of the signal generation joint is formed by stacking 9V batteries. The batteries of the main machine part and the signal generation connector part are charged by using a 9V voltage-stabilized power supply of a DC-05 connector.
The first step is as follows: manufacturing method of special wall line analyzer
The special wall line analyzer consists of a host part and a signal generation joint part;
the host machine part is installed according to the figure 1 and figure 2, at first, install the first, second, third, fourth electromagnetic transmitter 1, 2, 3, 4 separately in four corners of the box body 11, should arrange on the identity level while installing the electromagnetic sensor, four electromagnetic sensors are made of copper clad plate, use the inner core of the coaxial cable to connect to main control board, the shielding network of the coaxial cable connects to ground wire of the circuit; the left handrail 6 and the right handrail 8 are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the box body 11 respectively, the display screen 7 is arranged on a middle cavity of the upper surface of the box body 11, and the power interface 9 and the USB communication interface 10 are arranged on the side surface of the box body 11 respectively; the main control board of the wall line analyzer consists of a singlechip minimum system circuit, a power supply circuit, an acquisition circuit, a shaping circuit and an LCD display circuit and is made of a PCB; and reasonable copper coating is carried out during PCB design, the analog ground is isolated from the digital ground, and other related anti-interference designs are adopted.
In the signal generation connector part, a 250Hz square wave signal generator circuit is shown in figure 3, the signal generator circuit is independently installed in the signal generation connector 5, the signal generation connector 5 is installed at the top of the box body 11, and a three-wire type mains supply male connector is installed on one side of the signal generation connector 5 and can be taken down according to the specific test condition.
The second step is that: main control board circuit debugging
The main control board circuit debugging is started from a power supply circuit; taking down the chip on the singlechip socket; switching on a power supply, measuring whether the voltage of each voltage network is normal by using a universal meter, and checking a power supply circuit if the voltage of each voltage network is normal;
fig. 4 is a diagram of an acquisition circuit, which is used to debug the signal acquisition circuit and uses an oscilloscope to measure the signal waveforms of INFO1 to INFO4 to ground when the line is close to the line with mains and when the line is far from the line with mains. If the approaching and leaving are obviously changed, the acquisition circuit is considered to have no problem, otherwise, the circuit inspection is carried out;
FIG. 5 is a signal shaping circuit diagram, which uses an oscilloscope to measure whether the signal waveform of the signal shaping circuit GET1-4 is a square wave when the contact is close to the circuit, if so, it can be regarded that the signal shaping part has no problem, otherwise, line inspection is performed; when the signal generation connector circuit is debugged, the signal generation connector circuit can be connected to an empty power strip, then a host power supply is turned on, and when the upper left sensor is close to the power strip, an oscilloscope is used for measuring the signal waveform of INFO1 to the ground, if a sine wave of about 250Hz can be detected, the signal generation connector circuit can be regarded as being free of problems; the peak value of the waveform can be obtained by adopting a method of collecting the maximum value for a plurality of times for the collection of the amplitude of the waveform, and the value filtering is carried out by using a complementary filtering algorithm to eliminate the error value and ensure the smooth change of the value.
If the power circuit, the signal acquisition circuit and the signal shaping circuit have no problems, the debugging of the signal generation joint circuit can be carried out, and the singlechip is inserted for programming.
The third step: program algorithm and writing
Calculating the strength of the acquired signals according to the strength values of the signals acquired by the four sensors, and calculating the position of the simulation curve; for square waves, an ADC (analog to digital converter) of a single chip microcomputer is used for data conversion; the signal strength calculation is performed by the peak value for the sine wave.
For the intensity acquisition function, firstly, continuously measuring the signal intensity in one period, and for the 50Hz mode, the period is 20 ms; for the measurement 250Hz mode, one cycle is 4ms, and if the acquired ADC value is greater than the previous value, the previous value is overwritten, similarly:
unsigned int info_adc_get()
{unsigned int adc,i；
for(i＝0；i<10；i++)
{if(adc_get()>adc)adc＝adc_get()；delay(time)；}
return adc；adc＝0；}
the value of time is the ratio of the cycle length to the acquisition density, and if the measurement is performed at 50Hz, and one group of measurements is performed for 10 times, the time is 20ms/10 is 2 ms.
Collecting 5 groups of data by the method, removing the maximum value and the minimum value, then carrying out average calculation, and removing the collected random error value; the 5 groups of data are complementarily filtered, namely:
info1_adc2＝info1_adc1*0.8+info1_adc2*0.2；
where info1_ adc2 represents group 2 data for the 1 st sensor.
Therefore, the intensity data of the 4 sensors in a short period of time are measured in turn, and then the simulation curve calculation is carried out; since the signal strength is inversely proportional to the distance between the sensor and the wire, the analog curve calculation algorithm can be simplified to the following problem:
knowing that the coordinates of the center points of the 4 sensors are (0,0), (0, a), (b, a), (b,0) respectively, the simulation curve passes through the maximum point thereof, and the signal intensities of the sensors a1, a2, A3 and a4 are inversely proportional to the minimum distance of the simulation curve; and solving an expression of the simulation curve.
Since we cannot know exactly whether it passes through one of the sensors, we can first assume that it passes through the sensor with the strongest signal; assume this sensor is a 1; the analysis and calculation can know that:
when the A1 value is maximum and the A2 value is minimum, the simulation curve passes through the 3 rd sensor and the 4 th sensor;
when the A1 value is maximum and the A3 value is minimum, the simulation curve passes through the 1 st sensor and the 4 th sensor;
when the A1 value is maximum and the A4 value is minimum, the simulation curve passes through the position between the 2 nd sensor and the 3 rd sensor;
when the simulated curve crosses the 2 nd, 3 rd sensors:
firstly, the satisfied distance passing through the 2 nd and 3 rd sensors is equal to the point (x) on the analog curve of the inverse intensity ratio1,y1) The method comprises the following steps:
x1×A2＝(b-x1)×A3
then, the satisfied distance between the 2 nd and the 4 th sensors is equal to the point (x) on the analog curve with the inverse intensity ratio2,y2) The method comprises the following steps:
(x2 2+(a-y2)2)A2 2＝((b-x2)2+y2 2)×A4 2
ax2+by2＝ab
respectively find (x)1,y1)，(x2,y2) If the second order curve passes through the 1 st sensor coordinate as (0,0), the curve y can be set as α x2+ β x, the curve can be obtained by substituting two points, and the calculation method is similar when the other points are maximum values.
The curve is displayed on an LCD display screen 7 by a point tracing method, and other checking circuits are matched to realize the function;
the flow of the program is shown in FIG. 6. Firstly, hardware initialization is carried out, then whether a sensor is connected or not is detected, if not, an error is reported, if so, whether a signal generation joint is connected to a host is judged, if so, a 50Hz signal detection mode is entered, and if not, a 250Hz signal detection mode is entered; the single chip microcomputer judges whether the signal is a 50Hz or 250Hz signal through PCA, if not, the step of detecting whether the sensor is connected is returned, and if so, the intensity is acquired, and an analog curve is calculated and displayed. Returning to re-detect whether the sensor is connected or not after the display is finished, and carrying out next round of detection and simulation
The fourth step: wall testing
When electromagnetic waves radiated from a wall are weak, it is difficult to directly detect the electromagnetic waves of 50 Hz. And pulling out the signal generating joint from the main control board, disconnecting the power supply of the tested circuit, inserting the signal generating joint into any socket of the circuit and opening the switch. The signal generating connector can generate a 250Hz square wave, and the square wave can enable the whole line to radiate 250Hz electromagnetic waves outwards. At this time, the main control board will automatically switch to the 250Hz signal detection mode. The signal acquisition process is similar, the PCA module is used for identifying whether the signal data is the electromagnetic wave of 250Hz or close to 250Hz, and if so, the ADC module acquires the signal intensity; otherwise, the ADC is regarded as an invalid signal and does not perform signal strength analysis. The data intensity collected by the four sensors can be analyzed and calculated by the single chip microcomputer to obtain the line position, and the line position is displayed on the LCD screen. The advantage of using signal generating connectors is that the approximate depth of the wiring within the wall can be determined by the signal strength.
1) Measurement method for wall circuit incapable of being completely powered off
Firstly, keeping the signal generating joint connected to the host; starting up, waiting for system self-checking, and prompting to check according to the content if an error exists; checking whether the working mode on the screen is 50Hz, if so, carrying out the next step, and if not, checking whether the signal generation connector is plugged; the instrument is far away from a tested line, and if no display is available, the instrument works in an environment with less interference and can be normally used; the instrument is parallel to the wall surface and is close to the wall body, the sensors are kept to be attached to the surface of the wall body in parallel, measurement is carried out, the approximate position of a line in the wall body can appear in the center of the screen at the moment, and the corresponding signal intensity value of each sensor can be displayed at four corners.
50Hz electromagnetic waves radiated by a circuit in the wall body are induced on an electromagnetic sensor made of a copper-clad plate, and a weak 50Hz alternating electric field is generated; the alternating electric field controls the on-off of the field effect transistor to generate an electric signal with a waveform similar to that of the alternating electric field; this electrical signal is voltage-followed and voltage-amplified by two digital amplifiers of LM358, respectively; the amplified signal is subjected to signal shaping through a shaping circuit, and the signal is shaped into square waves so as to facilitate signal analysis and processing; the shaped square waves enter the single chip microcomputer in two paths, and an ADC module and a PCA module of the single chip microcomputer are respectively called; the PCA module is used for identifying whether the signal data is the electromagnetic wave of 50Hz or close to 50Hz, and if so, the ADC module acquires the signal intensity; otherwise, the ADC is regarded as an invalid signal, and signal intensity analysis is not carried out; the signal intensity collected by the four sensors is analyzed and calculated by the singlechip to obtain the line position, and the line position is displayed on an LCD screen; at the moment, the approximate position of the line in the wall body can appear in the center of the screen, the signal intensity value corresponding to each sensor can be displayed at four corners, and the approximate depth of the line in the inner side of the wall body can be displayed below the screen; and after the measurement is finished, the power supply is turned off.
2) A measurement method for a wall circuit that can be completely powered off;
pulling out the signal generating joint from the main control board, cutting off the power supply of the tested circuit, inserting the signal generating joint into any one socket of the circuit and opening the switch; the signal generation joint can generate a 250Hz square wave, and the square wave can enable the whole line to radiate 250Hz electromagnetic waves outwards; when the signal generating connector is pulled out of the host, the switch in the main control board is switched off, and the main control board can be automatically switched to a 250Hz signal detection mode, so that the design can realize automation and prevent misoperation; the signal acquisition process is similar to a 50Hz acquisition mode, and the difference is that the PCA module is used for identifying whether the signal data is electromagnetic waves of 250Hz or close to 250Hz, and if so, the ADC module acquires the signal intensity; otherwise, the ADC is regarded as an invalid signal, and signal intensity analysis is not carried out; the data intensity collected by the four sensors is analyzed and calculated by the singlechip to obtain the line position, and the line position is displayed on an LCD screen; at the moment, the approximate position of the line in the wall body can appear in the center of the screen, the signal intensity value corresponding to each sensor can be displayed at four corners, and the approximate depth of the line in the inner side of the wall body can be displayed below the screen; and after the measurement is finished, the power supply is turned off.
Claims (1)
1. A test method using a specially-made wall line analyzer is characterized in that the method utilizes the specially-made wall line analyzer to perform testing, performs analog signal analysis and digital signal analysis double analysis on electromagnetic waves radiated outside by a wall line, visually displays line positions through an LCD screen, digitally displays electromagnetic wave intensity, and performs line position measurement analysis on two wall lines of 'completely power-off' and 'incompletely power-off'; the method comprises the following specific steps:
the first step is as follows: manufacturing method of special wall line analyzer
The special wall line analyzer consists of a host part and a signal generation joint part;
the host machine part consists of a box body (11), a left handrail (6), a right handrail (8), four electromagnetic sensors, a display screen (7), a power interface (9), a USB communication interface (10) and a main control board; firstly, a first electromagnetic transmitter, a second electromagnetic transmitter, a third electromagnetic transmitter and a fourth electromagnetic transmitter (1, 2, 3 and 4) are respectively arranged at four corners of a box body (11), four electromagnetic sensors are arranged on the same plane when being installed, are made of copper-clad plates and are connected to a main control board by using coaxial cable inner cores; the left handrail and the right handrail (6, 8) are respectively and symmetrically fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the box body (11), the display screen (7) is arranged on a middle cavity of the upper surface of the box body (11), and the power interface (9) and the USB communication interface (10) are respectively arranged on the side surface of the box body (11); the main control board is composed of a singlechip minimum system circuit, a power supply circuit, an acquisition circuit, a shaping circuit and an LCD display circuit and is made of a PCB; copper is reasonably coated during PCB design, and an analog ground is isolated from a digital ground;
in the signal generation connector part, a 250Hz square wave signal generator circuit is independently arranged in the signal generation connector (5), the signal generation connector (5) is arranged at the top of the box body (11), and one side of the signal generation connector (5) is provided with a three-wire type mains supply male connector which can be taken down according to the specific test condition;
the second step is that: main control board circuit debugging
The main control board circuit debugging is started from a power supply circuit; taking down the chip on the singlechip socket; switching on a power supply, measuring whether the voltage of each voltage network is normal by using a universal meter, and checking a power supply circuit if the voltage of each voltage network is normal;
respectively debugging a signal acquisition circuit and a signal shaping circuit by using an oscilloscope, connecting a signal generation connector circuit to an empty socket during debugging, then turning on a main control panel power supply, and measuring the signal waveform of INFO1 to the ground by using the oscilloscope when an upper left sensor approaches the socket, wherein if a sine wave of about 250Hz can be detected, the signal generation connector circuit is regarded as being free of problems;
the third step: programming algorithm
Calculating the strength of the acquired signals according to the strength values of the signals acquired by the four sensors, and calculating the position of the simulation curve; for square waves, an ADC (analog to digital converter) of a single chip microcomputer is used for data conversion; the signal intensity calculation is carried out by the peak-to-peak value for the sine wave, the signal intensity in one period is continuously measured,
if the acquired ADC value is larger than the previous value, the previous value is covered,
the intensity data of the four sensors are alternately measured, and then the simulation curve calculation is carried out; since the signal strength is inversely proportional to the distance between the sensor and the wire, the analog curve calculation algorithm is simplified to the following problem:
the coordinates of the center points of the 4 sensors are known as (0,0), (0, a), (b, a), (b, 0); the sensor signal intensity A1, A2, A3 and A4 is inversely proportional to the minimum distance of the simulation curve when the simulation curve passes through the maximum point; solving an expression of a simulation curve;
firstly, the sensor with the strongest signal is supposed to pass through; the signal strength of this sensor is a 1; the analysis and calculation can know that:
when the A1 value is maximum and the A2 value is minimum, the simulation curve passes through the 3 rd sensor and the 4 th sensor;
when the A1 value is maximum and the A3 value is minimum, the simulation curve passes through the 1 st sensor and the 4 th sensor;
when the A1 value is maximum and the A4 value is minimum, the simulation curve passes through the position between the 2 nd sensor and the 3 rd sensor;
when the simulation curve passes through the 2 nd and 3 rd sensors:
first, a point (x) passing through the 2 nd and 3 rd sensors and satisfying that the distance is equal to the inverse intensity ratio is obtained1,y1) The method comprises the following steps:
x1×A2＝(b-x1)×A3
then, the point (x) between the 2 nd and 4 th sensors satisfying that the distance is equal to the inverse intensity ratio is found2,y2) The method comprises the following steps:
(x2 2+(a-y2)2)A2 2＝((b-x2)2+y2 2)×A4 2
ax2+by2＝ab
respectively find (x)1,y1)，(x2,y2) If the second order curve passes through the 1 st sensor coordinate as (0,0), the curve y can be set as α x2+ β x, the curve can be obtained by substituting two points, and when other points are maximum values, the calculation method is the same as the above;
the curve is displayed on the LCD display screen 7 by a dot method;
the procedure was as follows: firstly, hardware initialization is carried out, then whether a sensor is connected or not is detected, if not, an error is reported, if so, whether a signal generation joint is connected to a main control board or not is judged, if so, a 50Hz signal detection mode is entered, and if not, a 250Hz signal detection mode is entered; the single chip microcomputer judges whether the signal is a 50Hz or 250Hz signal through PCA, if not, the step of detecting whether the sensor is connected is returned, and if so, the intensity is acquired, and an analog curve is calculated and displayed; after the display is finished, returning to detect whether the sensor is connected again, and carrying out the next round of detection and simulation;
the fourth step: wall testing
The wall body test is carried out under two conditions that the line in the wall body can not be completely powered off and the line in the wall body can be completely powered off;
1) measurement method for wall circuit incapable of being completely powered off
Firstly, keeping the signal generating joint connected to the host; starting up, waiting for system self-checking, and prompting to check according to the content if an error exists; checking whether the working mode on the screen is 50Hz, if so, carrying out the next step, and if not, checking whether the signal generation connector is plugged; the instrument is far away from a tested line, and if no display is available, the instrument works in an environment with less interference and can be normally used; the method comprises the following steps that (1) measurement is carried out when the screen is close to a wall body, the approximate position of a line in the wall body can appear in the center of the screen, and the signal intensity value corresponding to each sensor can be displayed at four corners; the approximate depth of the line at the inner side of the wall body is displayed below the screen; and after the measurement is finished, the power supply is turned off.
2) A measurement method for a wall circuit that can be completely powered off;
firstly, cutting off a power supply of the tested line, pulling off a signal generating connector, connecting the signal generating connector to any socket of the tested line, and opening a signal generating connector switch; starting up, waiting for system self-checking, and prompting to check according to the content if an error exists; checking whether the working mode on the screen is 250Hz, if so, carrying out the next step, and if not, checking whether the signal generation connector is plugged; the instrument is far away from a tested line, and if no display is available, the instrument works in an environment with less interference and can be normally used; the method comprises the following steps that measurement is carried out when the screen is close to a wall body, the approximate position of a line in the wall body can appear in the center of the screen, the signal intensity value corresponding to each sensor can be displayed at four corners, and the approximate depth of the line in the inner side of the wall body can be displayed below the screen; and after the measurement is finished, the power supply is turned off.
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| WO2001013143A1 (en) * | 1999-08-11 | 2001-02-22 | Aegis Pty Ltd | Locating device and method |
| CN101907678A (en) * | 2010-07-12 | 2010-12-08 | 西安西电科大电力科技有限公司 | Cable fault test system and determining method of fault point |
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| JP2008216040A (en) * | 2007-03-05 | 2008-09-18 | Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The | Voltage application type failure probe system and method |
| DE102012011066A1 (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2013-12-05 | Hagenuk KMT Kabelmeßtechnik GmbH | Method for the targeted localization of a fault location and a device |
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| CN104698339B (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2017-11-03 | 国网山东省电力公司枣庄供电公司 | A kind of hand-held wall interior power line fault searches instrument |
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| CN101907678A (en) * | 2010-07-12 | 2010-12-08 | 西安西电科大电力科技有限公司 | Cable fault test system and determining method of fault point |
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