CN108384219B - Preparation method and application of TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) -based magnetic response 4D printing consumable - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) -based magnetic response 4D printing consumable Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a TPU-based magnetic response 4D printing consumable. Firstly to Fe3O4Surface active reaction is carried out to prepare Fe3O4Active functional particles, then Fe by melt blending3O4The active functional particles are introduced into semi-crystalline TPU resin with excellent shape memory performance, and then the TPU-based magnetic response 4D printing consumable is prepared by extruding and extruding through double screws. The TPU-based magnetic response 4D printing consumable is applied to FDM technology printing of magnetic response intelligent structural parts. The TPU-based magnetic response 4D printing consumable is prepared by a simple method, and the prepared TPU-based magnetic response 4D printing consumable has sensitive magnetic response and excellent thermal, mechanical and shape memory properties. The intelligent structural part printed by the 4D printer has sensitive magnetic response and excellent mechanical property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of a TPU-based magnetic response 4D printing consumable.
Background
Tibbits from the massachusetts institute of technology first proposed the concept of 4D Printing (Four-dimensional Printing) at the 2013 entertainment and design (TED) congress. By 4D Printing is meant one more "Dimension", i.e. time Dimension, than 3D Printing (Three-dimensional Printing). In other words, the three-dimensional object obtained by 3D printing can change its physical properties and functions (structure, form, size, etc.) with time under specific environment and excitation (e.g., electricity, light, magnetism, water, heat, sound, etc.). Briefly, 4D printing is a combination of 3D printing and smart materials. The object processed by 3D printing is stationary and non-living. And 4D printing adds a time dimension on the basis of 3D printing, and the obtained object is no longer static and inanimate, and the shape and structure of the object dynamically change along with time. 4D printing changes the traditional 'mechanical transmission + motor driving' mode in the past, and does not need to connect any complicated electromechanical equipment. Undoubtedly, the 4D printing is positioned higher than the 3D printing, the 4D printing enables the manufacture of low-cost, high-efficiency and intelligent complex structures which are difficult to realize by the traditional manufacturing technology to be realized, and the development of the research has important theoretical and practical significance for promoting the development of intelligent materials in the future.
The Tibbits printed one-dimensional polyvinyl chloride (PVC) rope can automatically fold into a complex three-dimensional structure under the stimulation of a water environment. Three-dimensional flowers printed by Sydney Gladman a and the like also automatically curl into a windmill shape under the stimulation of a water environment. These all achieve 4D printing. It can be seen that the 4D printing not only makes it possible to prepare complex three-dimensional structures, but also the obtained structures are intelligent and can generate stimulus response along with the change of external environment so as to realize the transformation of structures and functions, and the technology has wide application prospect. At present, the bottleneck restricting 4D printing mainly lies in intelligent materials. SMP (shape memory polymer) is taken as an important branch in the intelligent material, has the characteristics of large deformation amount, easy shaping, convenient adjustment of shape response temperature, good heat-insulating property, good corrosion resistance, easy coloring, light weight, low cost and the like, and shows wide application prospect in aerospace materials, building structure materials, engineering pins and medical drug sustained-release carriers in human bodies. In recent years, the SMP-based 4D printing research has raised a hot trend of extensive research in academia. Yang et al, university of Texas, Shanfer et al, Dallas, university of Texas, USA, Miao et al, university of California, Washington, USA, Yu et al, university of Chinese academy of sciences, Israel's Kazali applied chemical center Zarek et al, Singapore university of technology Ge et al, Huangjiang university of Huang, Wu et al, university of Georgia, Yang et al, Harbin industry university of technology Yang, etc. developed 4D printing thermally driven SMP composites, while Senatov et al, university of Russian national science and technology, Ge, etc. developed 4D printing thermally driven SMP composites. It can be said that SMP materials have become the most common consumable in current 4D printing technologies. The method makes the further development of the SMP material and the structural member thereof have new space and possibility, and simultaneously drives the development of a plurality of high-tech fields. The key for realizing the 4D printing of the SMP material lies in the structural design of the SMP material and the optimization of a 3D printing technology.
According to the Report display published by the international rapid manufacturing industry authority Report Wohlers Report 2017, the 3D printing industry has grown 17.4% in 2016, the market value is 60.63 billion dollars, and by 2027, the market value is expected to exceed 240 billion dollars, while the future 4D printing market is even immeasurable. Therefore, the development of 3D/4D printing technology and related printing materials is not slow enough. Currently, the mainstream 3D printing technology for 4D printing includes Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA), polymer jetting (PolyJet), and Direct-write printing (DW). Most of the previous research in the present stage has mainly focused on thermally driven SMP materials, where non-contact, remote control and driving are difficult to achieve, and these 4D printed SMP material TgThe printing ink is relatively low, and the mechanical property is relatively weak, so that the application of the 4D printing SMP material in the high-performance material demand fields of aerospace, drivers, engineering technology and the like is severely restricted. Meanwhile, only the electrically-driven and magnetically-driven SMP material is only suitable for DW printing, and the printing technology has extremely high requirements on rheological property and curing mode of ink, and is difficult to popularize and use.
The FDM technology is the most common, the equipment is simple in structure, low in cost, and convenient in operation, and the printing process is to melt the thermoplastic filamentous material from a heated nozzle and extrude the thermoplastic filamentous material according to a designed track to construct a 3D structure. Based on the technical characteristics, the FDM technology can be directly used for 4D printing of thermoplastic SMP and composite materials thereof.
Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU for short) has excellent elasticity, wear resistance and low-temperature resistance, and particularly, a special microphase separation structure generated between incompatible soft and hard sections in a molecular chain of the TPU gives the TPU unique shape memory property and can be used for preparing SMP materials with excellent performance. And TPU is a thermoplastic resin, and is a very ideal FDM printing precursor material. At present, only Yang et al, the university of hong Kong, prints pure shape memory TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) wires into a flower/airplane complex three-dimensional structure through FDM (frequency division multiplexing), and then heats the obtained flower three-dimensional structure to the T of the flowergIn the above, it can actively fold into a bud structure, exhibiting deformation behavior under thermal stimulation, thereby achieving 4D printing of TPU. But the mechanical strength of the pure shape memory TPU is not high, and the thermal stability is low. In order to improve the deficiency of the shape memory TPU performance and widen the application field of the shape memory TPU, the invention introduces functional filler Fe into TPU matrix resin3O4The magnetic response material is prepared, the mechanical strength, the thermal stability and other key performances of the material are finally enhanced, meanwhile, the shape memory performance of the material is continuously maintained and even improved, the 4D printing of the FDM technology is realized, and the intellectualization and functionality of non-contact and remote driving of the material are realized. The idea of the invention is not reported in the literature.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method and application of a TPU-based magnetic response 4D printing consumable.
The TPU-based magnetic response 4D printing consumable provided by the invention is prepared by the following specific steps:
(1) 1 part by mass of Fe3O4And dissolving the nano particles in 3-5 parts by mass of dichloromethane, and carrying out sealed ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours to obtain a black dispersion liquid.
(2) Mixing the black dispersion liquid prepared in the step (1) with an epsilon-caprolactone monomer with the same volume, sealing and ultrasonically dispersing for 1h, adding a catalyst, stirring and reacting for 18-22 h at 120-140 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the productAdding dichloromethane with the volume 2 times of that of the epsilon-caprolactone monomer into the viscous mixed solution for dilution, filtering and washing to remove impurities, precipitating in ice-hexane, filtering, washing and removing unreacted monomer to obtain black powder, namely Fe3O4Active functional particles.
(3) And (3) putting the TPU resin into an oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 4h to obtain dried TPU resin for later use.
(4) Weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: fe prepared in step (2)3O415-30% of active functional particles, 67.0-83.6% of dried TPU resin obtained in the step (3), 10100.3-1.0% of antioxidant, 0.8-1.0% of plastic general internal lubricant, 0.3-0.8% of plastic general external lubricant, and the sum of the mass percentages of all the raw materials is 100%.
(5) And (3) mixing the raw materials weighed in the step (4), mixing for 80-120 min at 145-195 ℃ by using an internal mixer, then putting into a constant-temperature drying oven, and drying for 4-6 h at 70-90 ℃ to obtain the composite material.
(6) And (3) granulating the composite material prepared in the step (5) by using a double-screw extruder to obtain composite magnetic granules with the diameter of 1-3.5 mm and the length of 4-6 mm, drying for 10 hours at 80 ℃ for later use, controlling the rotating speed of a screw in the extrusion process at 25-35 r/min, controlling the temperature at 175-225 ℃, controlling the pressure of a feed inlet at 35-60 MPa, and controlling the pressure of a discharge outlet at 35-60 MPa.
(7) And (3) extruding the composite magnetic granules prepared in the step (6) again by using a double-screw extruder, controlling the screw speed to be 34-38 r/min, the temperature to be 185-215 ℃, the pressure of a feed inlet to be 35-60 MPa and the pressure of a discharge outlet to be 35-60 MPa in the extrusion process, enabling the composite to be continuously and uniformly extruded, cooling the extruded material by a water tank, drying the extruded material in vacuum, collecting the extruded material by a winding machine, setting the collection speed to be 9-11 m/min, controlling the diameter of the extruded material to be 1.75mm or 3.0 mm, and obtaining the wire material which is the TPU-based magnetic response 4D printing consumable material.
The catalyst is dibutyltin dilaurate or stannous octoate.
The TPU resin is a semi-crystalline TPU resin with excellent shape memory performance, and the crystallinity of the TPU resin is 15-50 wt%.
The prepared TPU-based magnetic response 4D printing consumable is applied to FDM technology printing of magnetic response intelligent structural parts.
The TPU-based magnetic response 4D printing consumable is prepared by a simple method, and the prepared TPU-based magnetic response 4D printing consumable has sensitive magnetic response and excellent thermal, mechanical and shape memory properties. The intelligent structural part printed by the 4D printer has sensitive magnetic response and excellent mechanical property.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is Fe in the present invention3O4Schematic of the preparation of active functional particles.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a modified aurora a3 series FDM printer used in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
(1) 1 part by mass of Fe3O4And dissolving the nano particles in 4 parts by mass of dichloromethane, and carrying out sealed ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours to obtain a black dispersion liquid.
(2) Mixing the black dispersion liquid prepared in the step (1) with an epsilon-caprolactone monomer with the same volume, sealing and ultrasonically dispersing for 1h, adding a catalyst, stirring and reacting for 20h at 130 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a viscous mixed liquid, adding dichloromethane with the volume 2 times that of the epsilon-caprolactone monomer for dilution, filtering and washing to remove impurities, precipitating in ice n-hexane, filtering and washing to remove unreacted monomer to obtain black powder, namely Fe3O4Active functional particles.
(3) And (3) putting the TPU resin into an oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 4h to obtain dried TPU resin for later use.
(4) Weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: fe prepared in step (2)3O425% of active functional particles, 73% of the dried TPU resin obtained in the step (3), 10100.6% of an antioxidant, 0.9% of a plastic universal internal lubricant and 0.5% of a plastic universal external lubricant, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of all the raw materials is 100%.
(5) And (3) mixing the raw materials weighed in the step (4), mixing for 100min at 170 ℃ by using an internal mixer, then putting into a constant-temperature drying box, and drying for 5 h at 80 ℃ to obtain the composite material.
(6) And (3) granulating the composite material prepared in the step (5) by using a double-screw extruder to obtain composite magnetic granules with the diameter of 1.75mm and the length of 5mm, drying the composite magnetic granules at 80 ℃ for 10 hours for later use, controlling the screw rotating speed at 30 r/min, the temperature at 175-225 ℃, the pressure at a feed inlet at 45MPa and the pressure at a discharge outlet at 55MPa in the extrusion process.
(7) And (3) extruding the composite magnetic granules prepared in the step (6) again by using a double-screw extruder, controlling the screw speed to be 36 r/min, controlling the temperature to be 185-215 ℃, controlling the pressure of a feed inlet to be 50MPa and controlling the pressure of a discharge outlet to be 50MPa in the extrusion process, enabling the composite to be extruded continuously and uniformly, cooling an extruded product by a water tank, drying the extruded product in vacuum, collecting the extruded product by a winding machine, setting the collection speed to be 10m/min, controlling the diameter of the extruded product to be 1.75mm, and obtaining the filament material, namely the TPU-based magnetic response 4D printing consumable material.
The catalyst is stannous octoate.
The TPU resin is a commercially available semi-crystalline TPU resin with excellent shape memory performance, the trademark of the TPU resin is DiaPLEX MM-4520, and the crystallinity is 25-40 wt%.
The TPU-based magnetic response 4D printing consumable material prepared by the embodiment is successfully printed into an intelligent structural member through an aurora Walv A3 series FDM printer modified in a laboratory, and the intelligent structural member is deformed to an expected shape in about 20s under an alternating high-frequency magnetic field, so that high-precision controllable 4D printing is realized.
Example 2:
(1) 1 part by mass of Fe3O4And dissolving the nano particles in 5 parts by mass of dichloromethane, and carrying out sealed ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours to obtain a black dispersion liquid.
(2) Mixing the black dispersion liquid prepared in the step (1) with an epsilon-caprolactone monomer with the same volume, sealing and ultrasonically dispersing for 1h, adding a catalyst, stirring and reacting for 20h at 130 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a viscous mixed liquid, adding dichloromethane with the volume 2 times that of the epsilon-caprolactone monomer for dilution, filtering and washing to remove impurities, precipitating in ice n-hexane, filtering and washing to remove unreacted monomer to obtain black powder, namely Fe3O4Active functional particles.
(3) And (3) putting the TPU resin into an oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 4h to obtain dried TPU resin for later use.
(4) Weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: fe prepared in step (2)3O430% of active functional particles, 67.6% of dried TPU resin obtained in the step (3), 10100.8% of antioxidant, 0.9% of plastic universal internal lubricant and 0.7% of plastic universal external lubricant, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of all the raw materials is 100%.
(5) And (3) mixing the raw materials weighed in the step (4), mixing for 95min at 175 ℃ by using an internal mixer, then putting into a constant-temperature drying box, and drying for 5 h at 80 ℃ to obtain the composite material.
(6) And (3) granulating the composite material prepared in the step (5) by using a double-screw extruder to obtain composite magnetic granules with the diameter of 1.75mm and the length of 5mm, drying the composite magnetic granules at 80 ℃ for 10 hours for later use, controlling the screw rotating speed at 30 r/min, the temperature at 175-225 ℃, the pressure at a feed inlet at 45MPa and the pressure at a discharge outlet at 55MPa in the extrusion process.
(7) And (3) extruding the composite magnetic granules prepared in the step (6) again by using a double-screw extruder, controlling the screw speed to be 36 r/min, controlling the temperature to be 185-215 ℃, controlling the pressure of a feed inlet to be 55MPa and controlling the pressure of a discharge outlet to be 55MPa in the extrusion process, so that the composite can be continuously and uniformly extruded, cooling an extruded product by a water tank, drying the extruded product in vacuum, collecting the extruded product by a winding machine, setting the collection speed to be 10m/min, controlling the diameter of the extruded product to be 1.75mm, and obtaining the filament material, namely the TPU-based magnetic response 4D printing consumable.
The catalyst is dibutyltin dilaurate.
The TPU resin is a commercially available semi-crystalline TPU resin with excellent shape memory performance, the trademark of the TPU resin is Bayer 385S, and the crystallinity of the TPU resin is 20-35 wt%.
The TPU-based magnetic response 4D printing consumable material prepared by the embodiment is successfully printed into an intelligent structural member through an aurora Walv A3 series FDM printer modified in a laboratory, and the intelligent structural member is deformed to an expected shape in about 17s under an alternating high-frequency magnetic field, so that high-precision controllable 4D printing is realized.
Claims (2)
1. A preparation method of a TPU-based magnetic response 4D printing consumable material is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) 1 part by mass of Fe3O4Dissolving the nano particles in 5 parts by mass of dichloromethane, and carrying out sealed ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours to prepare a black dispersion liquid;
(2) mixing the black dispersion liquid prepared in the step (1) with an epsilon-caprolactone monomer with the same volume, sealing and ultrasonically dispersing for 1h, adding a catalyst, stirring and reacting for 18-22 h at 120-140 ℃ under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a viscous mixed liquid, adding dichloromethane with the volume 2 times that of the epsilon-caprolactone monomer for dilution, filtering and washing to remove impurities, precipitating in ice n-hexane, performing suction filtration and washing to remove unreacted monomer to obtain black powder, namely Fe3O4An active functional particle;
(3) putting the TPU resin into an oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 4h to obtain dried TPU resin for later use;
(4) weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: fe prepared in step (2)3O430% of active functional particles, 67.6% of the dried TPU resin obtained in the step (3), 10100.8% of antioxidant, 0.9% of plastic universal internal lubricant and 0.7% of plastic universal external lubricant, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of all the raw materials is 100%;
(5) mixing the raw materials weighed in the step (4), mixing for 80-120 min at 145-195 ℃ by using an internal mixer, then putting into a constant-temperature drying oven, and drying for 4-6 h at 70-90 ℃ to obtain a composite material;
(6) granulating the composite material prepared in the step (5) by using a double-screw extruder to obtain composite magnetic granules with the diameter of 1-3.5 mm and the length of 4-6 mm, drying at 80 ℃ for 10 hours for later use, controlling the rotating speed of a screw in the extrusion process at 25-35 r/min, controlling the temperature at 175-225 ℃, controlling the pressure of a feed inlet at 35-60 MPa and controlling the pressure of a discharge outlet at 35-60 MPa;
(7) extruding the composite magnetic granules prepared in the step (6) again by using a double-screw extruder, controlling the screw speed to be 34-38 r/min, the temperature to be 185-215 ℃, the pressure of a feed inlet to be 35-60 MPa and the pressure of a discharge outlet to be 35-60 MPa in the extrusion process, enabling the composite to be continuously and uniformly extruded, cooling an extruded product by a water tank, drying the extruded product in vacuum, collecting the extruded product by a winding machine, setting the collection speed to be 9-11 m/min, controlling the diameter of the extruded product to be 1.75mm or 3.0 mm, and obtaining a wire material which is a TPU-based magnetic response 4D printing consumable material;
the catalyst is dibutyltin dilaurate;
the TPU resin is a semi-crystalline TPU resin with excellent shape memory performance, and the crystallinity of the TPU resin is 15-50 wt%.
2. The application of the TPU-based magnetic response 4D printing consumable prepared by the preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the TPU-based magnetic response 4D printing consumable is applied to FDM technology printing of magnetic response intelligent structural parts.
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| CN111138833A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-05-12 | 东莞深圳清华大学研究院创新中心 | 3D printing magnetic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114015225A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-02-08 | 河北大学 | Magnetic-drive shape memory material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114953248A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-08-30 | 华中科技大学 | Antibacterial type magnetic composite wire for 4D printing and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115302761A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2022-11-08 | 天津大学 | 4D printing system and 4D printing method using magnetic printing material |
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Application publication date: 20180810 Assignee: Guangxi Sanjia International Exhibition Service Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUILIN University OF TECHNOLOGY Contract record no.: X2022450000480 Denomination of invention: Preparation and application of a TPU based magnetic response 4D printing consumables Granted publication date: 20210409 License type: Common License Record date: 20221229 |
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