CN108377480B - Unmanned aerial vehicle-based emergency internet of things communication method - Google Patents
Unmanned aerial vehicle-based emergency internet of things communication method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108377480B CN108377480B CN201810088756.4A CN201810088756A CN108377480B CN 108377480 B CN108377480 B CN 108377480B CN 201810088756 A CN201810088756 A CN 201810088756A CN 108377480 B CN108377480 B CN 108377480B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/70—Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/18502—Airborne stations
- H04B7/18506—Communications with or from aircraft, i.e. aeronautical mobile service
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
- H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/0231—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control based on communication conditions
- H04W28/0236—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control based on communication conditions radio quality, e.g. interference, losses or delay
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/06—Optimizing the usage of the radio link, e.g. header compression, information sizing, discarding information
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/90—Services for handling of emergency or hazardous situations, e.g. earthquake and tsunami warning systems [ETWS]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
- H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
- H04W72/542—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria using measured or perceived quality
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
- H04W72/56—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria
- H04W72/566—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria of the information or information source or recipient
- H04W72/569—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria of the information or information source or recipient of the traffic information
Abstract
An emergent communication scheme of thing allies oneself with based on unmanned aerial vehicle: firstly, an emergency internet of things data transmission system based on an unmanned aerial vehicle is built, an unmanned aerial vehicle communication platform is introduced on the basis of an original plane communication network, and a three-dimensional communication network is formed by quickly building a new communication link from a ground communication node to the unmanned aerial vehicle; secondly, designing a network communication protocol for an unmanned aerial vehicle-based emergency communication network, wherein the core design of the network communication protocol for the emergency communication network is as follows: firstly, setting the highest data priority specified by the unmanned aerial vehicle, and breaking through the distribution mode of the priority distinguished by the original network according to the data type by the priority; secondly, the information required by the command center may change with time, so the instructions are different, and the data with the highest priority of the network dynamically changes; and finally, giving a scheme for realizing the priority and further optimizing the system model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an emergency internet of things communication scheme based on an unmanned aerial vehicle, and relates to the field of internet of things communication.
Background
With the rapid development of the internet of things, the emergency situation processing based on the internet of things platform becomes a trend. However, for a normally working internet-of-things platform, in case of an emergency, such as a fire, an explosion, etc., the demand of the command center for field data will increase dramatically, a large amount of short-time communication data is accumulated, and the data of the sensor node cannot be transmitted out quickly, which easily causes the local network to be congested or even paralyzed due to the data accumulation. At present, for the problem of network congestion in an emergency state, some scholars propose to solve the problem by using some transmission scheduling algorithms, for example, Kyasanur and the like indicate that the conflict can be effectively avoided by adopting multiple channels for transmission, and the network congestion is relieved; tasssiulas and Ephremides propose a back-pressure node transmission scheduling scheme which can effectively control network congestion and ensure network throughput. However, the existing transmission scheduling algorithm has a fixed allocation mode and high overhead, does not fully consider the time-varying characteristic of a wireless environment, and has little consideration on reliability and real-time performance. In recent years, research on communication relay of unmanned aerial vehicles is increasing, and especially in an emergency, when ground communication equipment is damaged and cannot work normally, the unmanned aerial vehicles are often used for carrying the communication equipment to establish a temporary communication network. However, the existing work for drones mainly focuses on the location deployment, task allocation, flight trajectory, flight mode, etc. of the drones, and studies on network throughput through the setting of these parameters, but gives less consideration to the priority of network data and the type of data.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of network congestion and even paralysis caused by the sharp increase of the demand of the command center on data in an emergency state, the invention provides an emergency internet of things communication method based on an unmanned aerial vehicle.
The invention discloses an emergency internet of things communication method based on an unmanned aerial vehicle, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, constructing an emergency internet of things data transmission system based on an unmanned aerial vehicle;
the internet of things generally consists of a plurality of sensors, a communication network and users; in a normal state, various data acquired by the sensor network are orderly transmitted to a data center or directly transmitted to a terminal user according to a network communication protocol; once an emergency situation, such as a fire, an earthquake, etc., occurs, a command center (user) needs to know the field situation by collecting a large amount of field data provided by a sensor in real time to perform rescue, which causes the communication data volume to increase sharply in a short time, and further causes network congestion and even paralysis; at the moment, the communication requirements cannot be met by depending on the original optimization of the network topology structure; therefore, the invention provides a new communication network structure, namely, an unmanned aerial vehicle communication platform is introduced on the basis of the original plane communication network, and a three-dimensional communication network is formed by quickly constructing a new communication link from a ground communication node to an unmanned aerial vehicle; compared with the original plane communication network, the newly constructed unmanned aerial vehicle communication link is equivalent to the addition of space channel resources to the communication network; a part of emergency data is transmitted through the unmanned aerial vehicle link, so that the data transmission pressure is relieved;
the second step is that a network communication protocol is designed for the unmanned aerial vehicle-based emergency communication network, and the core of the protocol is designed as follows:
1. setting the highest priority of data designated by the unmanned aerial vehicle;
the internet of things based on a specific application often generates various types of data, different types of data usually have different QoS (quality of service) requirements in the transmission process, and setting different transmission priorities according to the QoS requirements of the data is a passing practice of a network communication protocol, so that the priorities of the transmitted data often correspond to the types of the data;
in an emergency, in order to make a better decision and implement rescue, a command center needs a large amount of dynamic monitoring data from the scene; aiming at the requirement, in the emergency communication network constructed by the invention, the command center can send a scheduling instruction of field monitoring data to the original sensing network through the unmanned aerial vehicle, and in order to ensure the real-time performance of data to which the command center is scheduled, the invention sets the scheduling data to have the highest priority; this setting will introduce a new priority feature: because the type of the scheduling data dynamically changes along with time (for example, smoke data is scheduled at this moment, temperature data may be scheduled at the next moment), and the fact that the level of part of data pointed by scheduling is lower in the original priority system is not excluded, two independent and parallel priority systems are formed in the same network;
2. establishing a basic implementation scheme;
the data priority of the network is dynamically changed along with different requirements, and the invention provides a scheme around the realization of the priority: the method comprises the following steps that two types of data of an original network are assumed to be defined as data a and data b respectively, and data scheduled by a command center is set as c; the concrete implementation is as follows:
1) setting a multiple access protocol; in the scheme, a random access protocol is selected, a time shaft is divided into a plurality of time slots, and each transmission node can send a packet only when the time slot starts;
2) setting a priority; the priority of data c pointed by the command center scheduling is highest and is set as level 1, the priority of data b is second and is set as level 2, and the priority of data a is lowest and is set as level 3;
3) sending packet data; the node carries out carrier sense on a channel for a plurality of times before sending grouped data, in order to ensure that data with high priority is sent out firstly, the data with the priority of 1 level is set to be sensed only once before being sent, if the channel is idle, the data can be sent, and the data with other priority levels need to be sensed twice continuously; if the channel is busy, the node will wait for a period of time randomly and then repeat the step of sending the grouped data; wherein the waiting time is set as: the parameter corresponding to the data with the priority from 1 level to 3 levels is set as k1，k2，k3The waiting time is respectively
At any one time, wherein parameter kiI ∈ N + is related to the system delay, and when m is<N, m, N ∈ N +, km<kn；
3. Establishing an optimization scheme based on a basic scheme;
in a communication network covered by multiple drones, it may occur that the priority levels of data waiting for transmission vary significantly between areas covered by different drones, such as: data with high priority in the area covered by the unmanned aerial vehicle A is accumulated seriously, and data with low priority is mainly accumulated in the adjacent area covered by the unmanned aerial vehicle B, at the moment, the data with high priority in the area covered by the unmanned aerial vehicle A can be firstly transmitted to nodes in the area covered by the unmanned aerial vehicle B and then transmitted out through a link constructed by the unmanned aerial vehicle B; in the above process, if the area covered by the unmanned aerial vehicle B is not the target area, the information can be further transmitted to the nodes in the adjacent areas of the area covered by the unmanned aerial vehicle B, and then transmitted via the unmanned aerial vehicle link in the area; and so on;
the invention has the advantages that: a new communication link is formed by the unmanned aerial vehicle and the ground node, new communication resources are added on the basis of the original communication network, and the problem of network congestion under emergency conditions is effectively relieved; meanwhile, the emergency command center is provided with possibility for appointing and transmitting the data which are urgently needed through the unmanned aerial vehicle; furthermore, the dispatching data of the emergency command center is set to have the highest priority, so that the dispatching data of the command center can be transmitted timely and accurately; the design of the communication system of the internet of things in an emergency state and the improvement of a disaster relief system are very important.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a three-dimensional communication network model constructed by adding an unmanned aerial vehicle communication platform on the basis of an original network.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of an alternative random multiple access protocol transmission.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of data transmission with different priorities.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of optimization based on the established basic scheme.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the method for communication of the emergency internet of things based on the unmanned aerial vehicle includes the following specific steps:
firstly, constructing an emergency internet of things data transmission system based on an unmanned aerial vehicle;
the internet of things generally consists of a plurality of sensors, a communication network and users; in a normal state, various data acquired by the sensor network are orderly transmitted to a data center or directly transmitted to a terminal user according to a network communication protocol; once an emergency situation, such as a fire, an earthquake, etc., occurs, a command center (user) needs to know the field situation by collecting a large amount of field data provided by a sensor in real time to perform rescue, which causes the communication data volume to increase sharply in a short time, and further causes network congestion and even paralysis; at this time, the communication requirements cannot be met by depending on the original optimization of the network topology structure. Therefore, as shown in fig. 1, the present invention proposes a new communication network structure, that is, an unmanned plane communication platform is introduced on the basis of the original plane communication network, and a stereo communication network is formed by rapidly constructing a new ground communication node to the communication link of the unmanned plane; compared with the original plane communication network, the newly constructed unmanned aerial vehicle communication link is equivalent to the addition of space channel resources to the communication network; a part of emergency data is transmitted through the unmanned aerial vehicle link, so that the data transmission pressure is relieved;
the second step is that a network communication protocol is designed for the unmanned aerial vehicle-based emergency communication network, and the core of the protocol is designed as follows:
1. setting the highest priority of data designated by the unmanned aerial vehicle;
the internet of things based on a specific application often generates various types of data, different types of data usually have different QoS (quality of service) requirements in the transmission process, and setting different transmission priorities according to the QoS requirements of the data is a passing practice of a network communication protocol, so that the priorities of the transmitted data often correspond to the types of the data;
in an emergency, in order to make a better decision and implement rescue, a command center needs a large amount of dynamic monitoring data from the scene; aiming at the requirement, in the emergency communication network constructed by the invention, the command center can send a scheduling instruction of field monitoring data to the original sensing network through the unmanned aerial vehicle, and in order to ensure the real-time performance of data to which the command center is scheduled, the invention sets the scheduling data to have the highest priority; this setting will introduce a new priority feature: because the type of the scheduling data dynamically changes along with time (for example, smoke data is scheduled at this moment, temperature data may be scheduled at the next moment), and the fact that the level of part of data pointed by scheduling is lower in the original priority system is not excluded, two independent and parallel priority systems are formed in the same network;
2. establishing a basic implementation scheme;
the data priority of the network is dynamically changed along with different requirements, and the invention provides a scheme around the realization of the priority: the method comprises the following steps that two types of data of an original network are assumed to be defined as data a and data b respectively, and data scheduled by a command center is set as c; the concrete implementation is as follows:
1) setting a multiple access protocol; as shown in fig. 2, in the scheme, a random access protocol is selected, a time axis is divided into a plurality of time slots, and each transmission node can only send a packet when the time slot starts;
2) setting a priority; as shown in fig. 3, the data c pointed by the command center scheduling has the highest priority and is set as level 1, the data b has the second priority and is set as level 2, and the data a has the lowest priority and is set as level 3;
3) sending packet data; the node carries out carrier sense on a channel for a plurality of times before sending grouped data, in order to ensure that data with high priority is sent out firstly, the data with the priority of 1 level is set to be sensed only once before being sent, if the channel is idle, the data can be sent, and the data with other priority levels need to be sensed twice continuously; if the channel is busy, the node will wait for a period of time randomly and then repeat the packet data sending step. Wherein the waiting time is set as: the parameter corresponding to the data with the priority from 1 level to 3 levels is set as k1，k2，k3The waiting time is respectively
At any one time, wherein parameter kiI ∈ N + is related to the system delay, and when m is<N, m, N ∈ N +, km<kn；
3. Establishing an optimization scheme based on a basic scheme;
as shown in fig. 4, in a communication network covered by multiple drones, it may happen that the priority levels of data waiting for transmission differ significantly between areas covered by different drones, such as: data with high priority in the area covered by the unmanned aerial vehicle A is accumulated seriously, and data with low priority is mainly accumulated in the adjacent area covered by the unmanned aerial vehicle B, at the moment, the data with high priority in the area covered by the unmanned aerial vehicle A can be firstly transmitted to nodes in the area covered by the unmanned aerial vehicle B and then transmitted out through a link constructed by the unmanned aerial vehicle B; in the above process, if the area covered by the unmanned aerial vehicle B is not the target area, the information can be further transmitted to the nodes in the adjacent areas of the area covered by the unmanned aerial vehicle B, and then transmitted via the unmanned aerial vehicle link in the area; and so on;
the embodiments described in this specification are merely illustrative of implementations of the inventive concept and the scope of the present invention should not be considered limited to the specific forms set forth in the embodiments but rather by the equivalents thereof as may occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the present inventive concept.
Claims (1)
1. An emergency Internet of things communication method based on an unmanned aerial vehicle is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
firstly, constructing an emergency internet of things data transmission system based on an unmanned aerial vehicle;
introducing an unmanned aerial vehicle communication platform on the basis of a plane communication network, and forming a three-dimensional communication network by constructing a communication link from a new ground communication node to an unmanned aerial vehicle;
the second step is that a network communication protocol is designed for the unmanned aerial vehicle-based emergency communication network, and the core of the protocol is designed as follows:
(1) setting the highest priority of data designated by the unmanned aerial vehicle;
in the constructed emergency communication network, a command center can send a scheduling instruction of field monitoring data to a sensor network through an unmanned aerial vehicle, and the set scheduling data has the highest priority for ensuring the real-time performance of the data pointed by the command center scheduling; this setting will introduce a new priority feature: because the type of the scheduling data dynamically changes along with time and does not exclude that the level of part of data pointed by scheduling is lower in the original priority system, two independent and parallel priority systems are formed in the same network;
(2) a basic implementation scheme;
the data priority of the network is dynamically changed along with different requirements, and a scheme is given around the realization of the priority: the method comprises the following steps that two types of data of an original network are assumed to be defined as data a and data b respectively, and data scheduled by a command center is set as c; the concrete implementation is as follows:
1) setting a multiple access protocol; selecting a random access protocol, dividing a time axis into a plurality of time slots, and transmitting packets only when the time slots start by each transmission node;
2) setting a priority; the priority of data c pointed by the command center scheduling is highest and is set as level 1, the priority of data b is second and is set as level 2, and the priority of data a is lowest and is set as level 3;
3) sending packet data; the node carries out carrier sense on a channel for a plurality of times before sending grouped data, in order to ensure that data with high priority is sent out firstly, the data with the priority of 1 level is set to be sensed only once before being sent, if the channel is idle, the data can be sent, and the data with other priority levels need to be sensed twice continuously; if the channel is busy, the node will wait for a period of time randomly and then repeat the step of sending the grouped data; wherein the waiting time is set as: the parameter corresponding to the data with the priority from 1 level to 3 levels is set as k1，k2，k3The waiting time is respectively
At any one time, wherein parameter kiI ∈ N + is related to the system delay, and when m is<N, m, N ∈ N +, km<kn；
(3) Establishing an optimization scheme based on a basic scheme;
in a communication network covered by a plurality of unmanned aerial vehicles, the priority level difference of data waiting for transmission among areas covered by different unmanned aerial vehicles can occur, data with high priority are accumulated in the area covered by the unmanned aerial vehicle A, and data with low priority are mainly accumulated in the adjacent area covered by the unmanned aerial vehicle B, at the moment, the data with high priority in the area covered by the unmanned aerial vehicle A can be firstly transmitted to nodes in the area covered by the unmanned aerial vehicle B and then transmitted through a link constructed by the unmanned aerial vehicle B; in the above process, if the area covered by the unmanned aerial vehicle B is not the target area, the information can be further transmitted to the nodes in the adjacent areas of the area covered by the unmanned aerial vehicle B, and then transmitted via the unmanned aerial vehicle link in the area; and so on.
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