CN108377383A - A kind of mostly projection 3D systems light field setting contrast method and its system - Google Patents
A kind of mostly projection 3D systems light field setting contrast method and its system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及3D系统显示技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种多投影3D系统光场对比度调整方法及其系统。The present invention relates to the technical field of 3D system display, and more specifically, to a method and system for adjusting light field contrast of a multi-projection 3D system.
背景技术Background technique
多投影系统的3D显示系统具有尺寸可升级、分辨率高和动态范围高等特点。目前，典型的多投影3D立体显示系统原理如图1所示，由投影阵列，3D投影屏幕组成。根据3D投影屏幕的结构不同，该技术可以分为基于全息光学元件的3D显示系统，基于柱透镜光栅或者狭缝光栅的3D显示系统，基于以上元件与其他光学元件组合的3D显示系统。基于投影阵列和3D投影屏幕位置关系，可以划分为正面投影系统和背面投影系统。图1为典型的背面多投影3D立体显示系统。3D显示屏幕具有空间分光的作用，可以将入射的多投影投射的光线分光到空间不同的位置。The 3D display system of the multi-projection system has the characteristics of scalable size, high resolution and high dynamic range. At present, the principle of a typical multi-projection 3D stereoscopic display system is shown in Figure 1, which consists of a projection array and a 3D projection screen. According to the structure of the 3D projection screen, this technology can be divided into 3D display systems based on holographic optical elements, 3D display systems based on cylindrical lens gratings or slit gratings, and 3D display systems based on the combination of the above elements and other optical elements. Based on the positional relationship between the projection array and the 3D projection screen, it can be divided into a front projection system and a rear projection system. Figure 1 is a typical rear multi-projection 3D stereoscopic display system. The 3D display screen has the function of spatial light splitting, which can split the incident light projected by multiple projections to different positions in space.
然而，光学的3D显示屏幕具一定的反射性，入射的光通常会有部分被反射，如图1所示，故实际捕获的光场可以定义为Ld＝Ld_s+Ld_r+Lamb，Ld_s是相应的视点光场，Ld_r是由投影阵列投射的视差光场的反射光，Lamb是反射的环境光。受反射光存在的影响，3D显示屏显示的光场对比度会降低，3D图像的质量会降低，3D的体验效果会受到影响。However, the optical 3D display screen has a certain reflectivity, and the incident light is usually partially reflected, as shown in Figure 1, so the actually captured light field can be defined as L d =L d_s +L d_r +L amb , L d_s is the corresponding viewpoint light field, L d_r is the reflected light of the parallax light field projected by the projection array, and Lamb is the reflected ambient light. Affected by the existence of reflected light, the contrast of the light field displayed on the 3D display screen will be reduced, the quality of the 3D image will be reduced, and the 3D experience effect will be affected.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供一种多投影3D系统光场对比度调整方法及其系统，可根据实际反射光亮度实时调节3D图像显示光场的对比度以提供良好的3D图像显示质量，以解决现有3D显示屏显示图像质量差、3D体验感差的缺陷。The present invention provides a multi-projection 3D system light field contrast adjustment method and its system, which can adjust the contrast of the 3D image display light field in real time according to the actual reflected light brightness to provide good 3D image display quality, so as to solve the problem of existing 3D display screen display. The defects of poor image quality and poor 3D experience.
根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种多投影3D系统光场对比度调整方法，其特征在于，其包括以下步骤:According to one aspect of the present invention, a kind of multi-projection 3D system light field contrast adjustment method is provided, it is characterized in that, it comprises the following steps:
S1.基于单个投影仪的发光亮度计算函数，获取参考光场亮度图序列，并根据对比度测量函数，获取参考光场亮度图序列的感知强度；S1. Based on the luminous brightness calculation function of a single projector, obtain a reference light field brightness map sequence, and obtain the perceived intensity of the reference light field brightness map sequence according to the contrast measurement function;
S2.基于多个投影仪的发光亮度计算函数，获取融合光场亮度图序列，基于对比度测量函数，获取融合光场亮度图序列的感知强度；S2. Based on the calculation function of the luminance of multiple projectors, the fusion light field brightness map sequence is obtained, and based on the contrast measurement function, the perceived intensity of the fusion light field brightness map sequence is obtained;
S3.将所获取参考光场亮度图序列的感知强度和所获取融合光场亮度图序列的感知强度，通过对比度差异衡量函数，并基于最优化色调映射曲线，调整融合光场亮度图序列；S3. The perceived intensity of the obtained reference light field brightness map sequence and the obtained perceived intensity of the fusion light field brightness map sequence are measured by a contrast difference function, and based on the optimized tone mapping curve, the fusion light field brightness map sequence is adjusted;
S4.基于逆显示模型，将调整后的融合光场亮度图序列转化为融合视差序列输出。S4. Based on the inverse display model, the adjusted fused light field luminance map sequence is converted into a fused disparity sequence output.
在上述方案基础上优选，所述步骤S1中还包括对所述参考光场亮度图序列进行对比度增强处理。Preferably, on the basis of the above solution, the step S1 further includes performing contrast enhancement processing on the reference light field brightness map sequence.
在上述方案基础上优选，所述单个投影仪的发光亮度计算函数公式为：Preferably on the basis of the above scheme, the calculation function formula of the luminous brightness of the single projector is:
其中，Lp表示显示的亮度，V是像素值，取值区间[0，1]，γ是显示伽马参数，Emax是投影仪投射的最大照度值，Eblack是全黑的照度值，Eamb是环境光照度值，N是投影仪数目。Among them, L p represents the brightness of the display, V is the pixel value, and the value range is [0, 1], γ is the display gamma parameter, E max is the maximum illuminance value projected by the projector, and E black is the illuminance value of complete blackness. E amb is the ambient light intensity value, and N is the number of projectors.
在上述方案基础上优选，所述多个投影仪的发光亮度计算函数公式为：Preferably on the basis of the above scheme, the calculation function formula of the luminous brightness of the plurality of projectors is:
且Ld_s(V)＝ρdiff·ρs_i·Lp(V)，Ld_r(V)＝ρs_r·Lp(V)； And L d_s (V) = ρ diff · ρ s_i · L p (V), L d_r (V) = ρ s_r · L p (V);
其中，D表示视区宽度；p表示单个视点宽度，D/p＝N；Vk是视点k的像素值；Ld-s(Vk)表示视点k处投射部分的亮度值；Ld-r(Vi)表示视点k处反射部分的亮度值，ρdiff是朗伯反射介质的反射率，ρs_i是柱透镜光栅的透射率，ρs_r是柱透镜光栅的反射率。Among them, D represents the width of the viewing area; p represents the width of a single viewpoint, D/p=N; V k is the pixel value of the viewpoint k; L ds (V k ) represents the brightness value of the projected part at the viewpoint k; L dr (V i ) represents the brightness value of the reflection part at the viewpoint k, ρ diff is the reflectivity of the Lambertian reflective medium, ρ s_i is the transmittance of the cylindrical lens grating, and ρ s_r is the reflectivity of the cylindrical lens grating.
在上述方案基础上优选，所述的对比度差异衡量函数公式为：Preferably on the basis of the above-mentioned scheme, the described contrast difference measuring function formula is:
其中，dk≥0for k＝1...MAmong them, d k ≥ 0 for k = 1...M
上述公式为T(·)为对比度测量函数的计算公式；M表示色调映曲线的分段数量，ρL(·)表示拉普拉斯金字塔分解；是色调映射之后的融合光场的亮度值，是参考光场的亮度值。The above formula is that T(·) is the calculation formula of the contrast measurement function; M represents the number of segments of the tone mapping curve, and ρ L (·) represents the decomposition of the Laplace pyramid; is the brightness value of the fused light field after tone mapping, is the brightness value of the reference light field.
在上述方案基础上优选，所述的最优化色调映射曲线定义为：Preferably on the basis of the above scheme, the optimal tone mapping curve is defined as:
y(x)＝(x-xk)·dk+yk， y(x)=(xx k )·d k +y k ,
其中，δ表示为(xk,yk)与(xk+1,yk+1)之间分段的宽度，x表示输入亮度，y表示输出亮度，dk表示斜率。Wherein, δ represents the width of the segment between (x k , y k ) and (x k+1 , y k+1 ), x represents the input brightness, y represents the output brightness, and d k represents the slope.
本发明还提供了一种多投影3D系统光场对比度调整系统，其包括以下模块，The present invention also provides a multi-projection 3D system light field contrast adjustment system, which includes the following modules,
单个投影仪显示模块，用于获取单个投影的亮度光场亮度图序列，并根据对比度测量函数，获取参考光场亮度图序列的感知强度；A single projector display module, configured to obtain a single projected luminance light field luminance map sequence, and obtain the perceived intensity of a reference light field luminance map sequence according to a contrast measurement function;
多个投影仪显示模块，用于获取融合光场亮度图序列，并基于对比度测量函数，获取融合光场亮度图序列的感知强度；A plurality of projector display modules are used to obtain the fusion light field brightness map sequence, and obtain the perceived intensity of the fusion light field brightness map sequence based on the contrast measurement function;
色阶调整模块，用于通过对比度差异衡量函数，并基于最优化色调映射曲线，调整融合光场亮度图序列；The color scale adjustment module is used to measure the function through the contrast difference, and adjust the fused light field brightness map sequence based on the optimized tone mapping curve;
逆显示模块，用于将调整后的融合光场亮度图序列转化为融合视差序列输出。The inverse display module is used to convert the adjusted fused light field brightness map sequence into a fused disparity sequence output.
在上述方案基础上优选，其还包括一用于将单个投影的亮度光场亮度图序列进行亮度增强处理的对比度增强模块。Preferably, on the basis of the above solution, it also includes a contrast enhancement module for performing brightness enhancement processing on a single projected brightness light field brightness map sequence.
在上述方案基础上优选，所述的单个投影仪显示模块还包括一个单个投影仪显示亮度模型，用于将单个投影仪的视差序列转换为单个投影仪的亮度图序列，且该模型表示公式为：Preferably on the basis of the above scheme, the single projector display module further includes a single projector display brightness model, which is used to convert the parallax sequence of a single projector into a brightness map sequence of a single projector, and the model expression formula is :
其中，Lp表示显示的亮度值，V是像素值，取值区间[0，1]，γ是显示伽马参数，Emax是投影仪投射的最大照度值，Eblack是全黑的照度值，Eamb是环境光照度值，N是投影仪数目。Among them, L p represents the brightness value of the display, V is the pixel value, and the value range is [0, 1], γ is the display gamma parameter, E max is the maximum illuminance value projected by the projector, and E black is the illuminance value of complete black , E amb is the ambient light intensity value, and N is the number of projectors.
在上述方案基础上优选，所述的多个投影仪显示模块还包括一个多投影仪显示亮度模型，用于将多个投影仪的视差序列转换为融合光场的亮度图序列，且该多投影仪显示亮度模型的发光亮度计算函数公式为：Preferably on the basis of the above solution, the multiple projector display modules further include a multi-projector display brightness model, which is used to convert the parallax sequence of multiple projectors into a brightness map sequence of the fusion light field, and the multi-projector The luminance calculation function formula of the instrument display luminance model is:
且Ld_s(V)＝ρdiff·ρs_i·Lp(V)，Ld_r(V)＝ρs_r·Lp(V)； And L d _ s (V) = ρ diff · ρ s_i · L p (V), L d_r (V) = ρ s_r · L p (V);
其中，D表示视区宽度；p表示单个视点宽度，D/p＝N；Vk是视点k的像素值；Ld-s(Vk)表示视点k处投射部分的亮度值；Ld-r(Vi)表示视点k处反射部分的亮度值，ρdiff是朗伯反射介质的反射率，ρs_i是柱透镜光栅的透射率，ρs_r是柱透镜光栅的反射率。Among them, D represents the width of the viewing area; p represents the width of a single viewpoint, D/p=N; V k is the pixel value of the viewpoint k; L ds (V k ) represents the brightness value of the projected part at the viewpoint k; L dr (V i ) represents the brightness value of the reflection part at the viewpoint k, ρ diff is the reflectivity of the Lambertian reflective medium, ρ s_i is the transmittance of the cylindrical lens grating, and ρ s_r is the reflectivity of the cylindrical lens grating.
在上述方案基础上优选，所述的对比度差异衡量函数公式为：Preferably on the basis of the above-mentioned scheme, the described contrast difference measuring function formula is:
其中，dk≥0for k＝1...MAmong them, d k ≥ 0 for k = 1...M
上述公式为T(·)为对比度测量函数的计算公式；M表示色调映曲线的分段数量，ρL(·)表示拉普拉斯金字塔分解；是色调映射之后的融合光场的亮度值，是参考光场的亮度值。The above formula is that T(·) is the calculation formula of the contrast measurement function; M represents the number of segments of the tone mapping curve, and ρ L (·) represents the decomposition of the Laplace pyramid; is the brightness value of the fused light field after tone mapping, is the brightness value of the reference light field.
本发明的一种多投影3D系统光场对比度调整方法，通过获取参考光场亮度的感知度和融合光场亮度的感知度，利用对比度差异衡量函数，计算出融合光场和目标光场的对比度最小值，再依据最优色调映射曲线，调整融合光场亮度图序列。从而提高3D显示屏显示的光场对比度，避免3D显示过程中反射光对3D显示效果的影响，提高其3D图像的显示效果。A method for adjusting light field contrast of a multi-projection 3D system of the present invention calculates the contrast of the fusion light field and the target light field by using the contrast difference measurement function by obtaining the sensitivity of the reference light field brightness and the perception of the fusion light field brightness The minimum value, and then adjust the fusion light field brightness map sequence according to the optimal tone mapping curve. Therefore, the light field contrast ratio displayed on the 3D display screen is improved, the influence of reflected light on the 3D display effect during the 3D display process is avoided, and the display effect of the 3D image is improved.
本发明的通过将融合光场亮度图序列与参考光场亮度图序列进行对比，利用最优色调映射曲线，可根据实际反射光亮度实时调整融合光场亮度图序列，从而改变3D图像显示光场的对比度，以提高3D图像显示质量，解决现有3D显示屏因反射光，所造成的3D显示屏显示图像低、3D图像效果差的缺陷。In the present invention, by comparing the fused light field brightness map sequence with the reference light field brightness map sequence, the optimal tone mapping curve can be used to adjust the fused light field brightness map sequence in real time according to the actual reflected light brightness, thereby changing the 3D image display light field The contrast ratio is improved to improve the display quality of 3D images, and solve the defects of low 3D display images and poor 3D image effects caused by reflected light on existing 3D display screens.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的多个投影3D显示亮度模型的背向投影显示系统示意图；1 is a schematic diagram of a rear projection display system of multiple projection 3D display brightness models of the present invention;
图2为本发明的多个投影3D显示亮度模型的正面投影显示系统示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of a front projection display system of multiple projection 3D display brightness models of the present invention;
图3为本发明的基于投影光栅的正面投影3D显示系统结构图；Fig. 3 is the structural diagram of the front projection 3D display system based on the projection grating of the present invention;
图4为本发明的由柱透镜广厦引入的光场重分布示意图；Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the light field redistribution introduced by the cylindrical lens Guangsha of the present invention;
图5为分段色调映射曲线的示意图；5 is a schematic diagram of a segmented tone mapping curve;
图6为本发明的多投影3D系统光场对比度调整方法的流程图；6 is a flow chart of a method for adjusting light field contrast of a multi-projection 3D system according to the present invention;
图7为本发明的待显示图像在调整前显示效果图；Fig. 7 is a display effect diagram of the image to be displayed before adjustment according to the present invention;
图8为本发明的待显示图像在调整后显示效果图；Fig. 8 is a display effect diagram of the image to be displayed after adjustment in the present invention;
图9为本发明的无环境光时色调映射曲线示意图；9 is a schematic diagram of the tone mapping curve of the present invention when there is no ambient light;
图10为本发明的有环境光时色调映射曲线示意图。FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the tone mapping curve in the presence of ambient light according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
请参阅图1所示，本发明的一种多投影3D系统光场对比度调整方法，其包括以下步骤:Please refer to shown in Fig. 1, a kind of multi-projection 3D system light field contrast adjustment method of the present invention, it comprises the following steps:
S1.基于单个投影仪的发光亮度计算函数，获取参考光场亮度图序列，并根据对比度测量函数，获取参考光场亮度图序列的感知强度；S1. Based on the luminous brightness calculation function of a single projector, obtain a reference light field brightness map sequence, and obtain the perceived intensity of the reference light field brightness map sequence according to the contrast measurement function;
S2.基于多个投影仪的发光亮度计算函数，获取融合光场亮度图序列，基于对比度测量函数，获取融合光场亮度图序列的感知强度；S2. Based on the calculation function of the luminance of multiple projectors, the fusion light field brightness map sequence is obtained, and based on the contrast measurement function, the perceived intensity of the fusion light field brightness map sequence is obtained;
S3.将所获取参考光场亮度图序列的感知强度和所获取融合光场亮度图序列的感知强度，通过对比度差异衡量函数，并基于最优化色调映射曲线，调整融合光场亮度图序列；S3. The perceived intensity of the obtained reference light field brightness map sequence and the obtained perceived intensity of the fusion light field brightness map sequence are measured by a contrast difference function, and based on the optimized tone mapping curve, the fusion light field brightness map sequence is adjusted;
S4.基于逆显示模型，将调整后的融合光场亮度图序列转化为融合视差序列输出。本发明的逆显示模型为单投影仪发光亮度模型的逆过程。S4. Based on the inverse display model, the adjusted fused light field luminance map sequence is converted into a fused disparity sequence output. The inverse display model of the present invention is the inverse process of the luminance model of a single projector.
具体操作方法是：The specific operation method is:
将待显示图像的视差序列，通过单个投影的发光亮度计算函数进行处理，获取参考光场亮度图序列。然后，一方面通过对度测量函数，将参考光场亮度图序列转化为参考光场亮度图序列的感知强度值；另一方面，将获取到的参考光场亮度图序列通过最优化色调映射曲线进行调整，并将调整后的参考光场亮度图序列作为多个投影的发光亮度计算函数的输入值，通过多个投影的发光亮度计算函数将其转化为融合光场亮度图序列，以避免多投影过程中，反射光之间的相互干扰。然后，通过对比度测量函数，将融合光场亮度图序列转化为融合光场亮度图序列的感知强度。The parallax sequence of the image to be displayed is processed by the luminance calculation function of a single projection to obtain a reference light field luminance map sequence. Then, on the one hand, the reference light field brightness map sequence is transformed into the perceptual intensity value of the reference light field brightness map sequence through the degree measurement function; on the other hand, the obtained reference light field brightness map sequence is optimized through the tone mapping curve Adjustment is made, and the adjusted reference light field brightness map sequence is used as the input value of the luminous brightness calculation function of multiple projections, and it is converted into a fusion light field brightness map sequence through the luminous brightness calculation function of multiple projections, so as to avoid multiple During the projection process, the mutual interference between the reflected light. Then, the sequence of fused light field luminance maps is transformed into the perceived intensity of the sequence of fused light field luminance maps by means of a contrast measurement function.
之后，将参考光场亮度图序列的感知强度值与融合光场亮度图序列的感知强度值，通过对比度差异衡量函数，求取调整后的融合光场与参考光场之间的对比度差异值，以获取两者之间的最小值，实现融合光场和参考光场的对比度差异最小化。Afterwards, the perceived intensity value of the reference light field brightness map sequence and the perceived intensity value of the fusion light field brightness map sequence are used to measure the contrast difference to obtain the contrast difference value between the adjusted fusion light field and the reference light field, In order to obtain the minimum value between the two, the contrast difference between the fusion light field and the reference light field is minimized.
最后，通过最优化色调映射曲线，调整融合光场亮度图序列，并通过逆显示模型，将其转化为融合视差序列予以输出。Finally, by optimizing the tone mapping curve, the fused light field luminance map sequence is adjusted, and converted into a fused disparity sequence for output through the inverse display model.
本发明通过多个投影的发光亮度计算函数，以减少多个投影仪在投影过程中，光场相互干涉的影响。同时，本发明还通过设置一参考光场亮度的感知强度，将其作为参考值，通过对比度差异衡量函数，将融合光场亮度图序列的感知强度与参考光场亮度的感知强度进行对比，求取两者之间的最小值，实现融合光场和参考光场的对比度差异最小化，再利用最优化色调映射曲线，调整输出光场的亮度图序列，从而，有效避免反射光对3D显示屏显示的影响，提高3D显示图像的质量和3D显示平的立体效果。The present invention calculates the luminance function of multiple projections to reduce the influence of mutual interference of light fields of multiple projectors during the projection process. At the same time, the present invention also sets the perceptual intensity of a reference light field brightness as a reference value, and compares the perceptual intensity of the fused light field brightness map sequence with the perceptual intensity of the reference light field brightness through the contrast difference measurement function to obtain Take the minimum value between the two to minimize the contrast difference between the fusion light field and the reference light field, and then use the optimized tone mapping curve to adjust the brightness map sequence of the output light field, thereby effectively avoiding the impact of reflected light on the 3D display The display effect improves the image quality of 3D display and the stereo effect of 3D display flat.
进一步的，为了防止单个投影仪在投影过程中，受反射光和环境光的影响，导致其获取的参考光场亮度图序列有误差，本发明的步骤S1中还包括对参考光场亮度图序列进行对比度增强处理步骤，即通过对比度增强处理，可有效去除环境光和反射光对参考光场亮度的影响，确保其准确性，为后续处理融合光场的亮度提供准确的处理基础。Further, in order to prevent a single projector from being affected by reflected light and ambient light during the projection process, resulting in errors in the reference light field brightness map sequence acquired by it, step S1 of the present invention also includes the reference light field brightness map sequence The contrast enhancement processing step is performed, that is, the contrast enhancement processing can effectively remove the influence of ambient light and reflected light on the brightness of the reference light field, ensure its accuracy, and provide an accurate processing basis for subsequent processing of the brightness of the fused light field.
其中，本发明的单个投影的发光亮度计算函数的公式可以表示为：Wherein, the formula of the luminous brightness calculation function of a single projection of the present invention can be expressed as:
Lp表示显示的亮度，V是像素值，取值区间[0，1]，γ是显示伽马参数，Emax是投影仪投射的最大照度，Eblack是全黑的照度，Eamb是环境光照度，N是投影仪数目。当N＝1时，表示单投影仪，所形成的光场为单投影仪显示光场，当N≥2时，表示多投影仪，所形成的光场为多投影仪显示光场如图1-图4所示，为不同方向的多投影仪显示光场。L p represents the brightness of the display, V is the pixel value, and the value range is [0, 1], γ is the display gamma parameter, E max is the maximum illuminance projected by the projector, E black is the total black illuminance, and E amb is the environment Illumination, N is the number of projectors. When N=1, it means a single projector, and the formed light field is a single projector display light field; when N≥2, it means a multi-projector, and the formed light field is a multi-projector display light field, as shown in Figure 1 - As shown in Figure 4, a light field is displayed for multiple projectors in different directions.
计算过程中，根据显示屏的像素值，及投影仪的个数、投影仪投射的最大照度、显示屏的全黑照度、环境光照度，并适当选取显示伽马参数值，获取单个投影仪的参考光场亮度图序列值。作为本发明的优选技术方案，本发明的γ在RGB标准化动态空间内为2.2。In the calculation process, according to the pixel value of the display screen, the number of projectors, the maximum illuminance projected by the projector, the total black illuminance of the display screen, and the ambient illuminance, and properly select the display gamma parameter value to obtain the reference of a single projector Light field luminance map sequence value. As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, γ of the present invention is 2.2 in the RGB standardized dynamic space.
本发明的投影系统，光照度比光亮度更容易测量，针对具有2π立体角发散角的朗伯体，亮度L与照度E之间的关系可以表示为E＝πL。故，得到投射部分的亮度如下：Ld_s(V)＝ρdiff·ρs_i·Lp(V)；In the projection system of the present invention, illuminance is easier to measure than luminance. For a Lambertian body with a divergence angle of 2π solid angle, the relationship between luminance L and illuminance E can be expressed as E=πL. Therefore, the brightness of the projected part is obtained as follows: L d_s (V) = ρ diff · ρ s_i · L p (V);
反射部分的亮度如：Ld_r(V)＝ρs_r·Lp(V)；The brightness of the reflective part is as follows: L d_r (V) = ρ s_r L p (V);
其中，上述公式中的ρdiff是朗伯反射介质的反射率，ρs_i是柱透镜光栅的透射率，ρs_r是柱透镜光栅的反射率，LP(V)表示显示的亮度，Eamb是环境光照度。Among them, ρ diff in the above formula is the reflectivity of the Lambertian reflective medium, ρ s_i is the transmittance of the cylindrical lens grating, ρ s_r is the reflectivity of the cylindrical lens grating, LP(V) represents the brightness of the display, and E amb is Ambient light intensity.
而人眼最终捕获到的光亮度为视点光场的亮度与环境光的亮度和反射光的亮度之和，即Ld＝Ld_s+Ld_r+Lamb。The brightness finally captured by the human eye is the sum of the brightness of the light field at the viewpoint, the brightness of the ambient light, and the brightness of the reflected light, that is, L d =L d_s +L d_r +L amb .
由于在实际过程中，人眼观看到的3D模型是多个投影仪所投射出来的光场所产生的图像，为了避免投影仪所产生光场相互之间的干扰，本发明还定义了多个投影的发光亮度计算函数以排除相邻光场之间的干扰，且多个投影仪的发光亮度计算函数公式可以表示为：Since in the actual process, the 3D model seen by the human eye is an image generated by the light field projected by multiple projectors, in order to avoid the interference between the light fields generated by the projectors, the present invention also defines multiple projection The luminance calculation function of the luminous brightness is used to eliminate the interference between adjacent light fields, and the luminous luminance calculation function formula of multiple projectors can be expressed as:
其中，D表示视区宽度；p表示单个视点宽度，D/p＝N；Vk是视点k的像素值；Ld-s(Vk)表示视点k处投射部分的亮度值；Ld-r(Vi)表示视点k处反射部分的亮度值。Among them, D represents the width of the viewing area; p represents the width of a single viewpoint, D/p=N; V k is the pixel value of the viewpoint k; L ds (V k ) represents the brightness value of the projected part at the viewpoint k; L dr (V i ) represents the luminance value of the reflected part at viewpoint k.
进一步的，本发明为了求取参考光场与融合光场之间的对比度差异之间的差异最小化，还定义了对比度差异衡量函数，其该对比度差异函数可以表示为以下公式，如：Further, in order to minimize the difference between the contrast difference between the reference light field and the fusion light field, the present invention also defines a contrast difference measurement function, which can be expressed as the following formula, such as:
其中，dk≥0for k＝1...MAmong them, d k ≥ 0 for k = 1...M
且r＝log10(Lp(1)/Lp(0)) And r=log 10 (L p (1)/L p (0))
上述公式为T(·)为对比度测量函数的计算公式；M表示色调映曲线的分段数量，ρL(·)表示拉普拉斯金字塔分解；是色调映射之后的融合光场的亮度值，是参考光场的亮度值。The above formula is that T(·) is the calculation formula of the contrast measurement function; M represents the number of segments of the tone mapping curve, and ρ L (·) represents the decomposition of the Laplace pyramid; is the brightness value of the fused light field after tone mapping, is the brightness value of the reference light field.
即通过分别对色调映射之后的融合光场亮度值和参考光场亮度值进行求对数，然后对分别求取拉普斯金字塔分解，将分解后的值分别通过对比度测量函数进行计算，获得融合光场亮度的感应强度和参考光场亮度的感应强度，然后将两者进行比较，获得两者差异的最小值，并求取两者差异值最小值时，色调映射之后的融合光场亮度图序列。That is, by calculating the logarithm of the fused light field brightness value and the reference light field brightness value after tone mapping, and then decomposing the Lapian pyramid respectively, the decomposed values are calculated by the contrast measurement function to obtain the fusion The sensing intensity of the light field brightness and the sensing intensity of the reference light field brightness, and then compare the two to obtain the minimum value of the difference between the two, and when the minimum value of the difference between the two is calculated, the fused light field brightness map after tone mapping sequence.
其中，本发明的色调映射之后的融合光场的亮度值计算公式可以表示为：Wherein, the brightness value calculation formula of the fused light field after the tone mapping of the present invention can be expressed as:
且s1＝N·ρdiff·ρs_i And s 1 =N·ρ diff ·ρ s_i
s2＝N·ρs_r s 2 =N·ρ s_r
N是投影仪的数目，Lp是当前视点的亮度，Lpi是投影i的投射亮度。显示系统的动态范围为r，N is the number of projectors, L p is the brightness of the current viewpoint, and L pi is the projected brightness of projection i. shows that the dynamic range of the system is r,
进一步的，本发明的最优化色调映射曲线定义为：Further, the optimized tone mapping curve of the present invention is defined as:
y(x)＝(x-xk)·dk+yk， y(x)=(xx k )·d k +y k ,
其中，δ表示为(xk,yk)与(xk+1,yk+1)之间分段的宽度，x表示输入亮度，y表示输出亮度，且本发明的通过色调映射操作之后的亮度值可以表示为其中，图5为分段色调映射曲线的示意图。Among them, δ represents the width of the segment between (x k , y k ) and (x k+1 , y k+1 ), x represents the input brightness, y represents the output brightness, and after the tone mapping operation of the present invention The brightness value of It can be expressed as Wherein, FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a segmented tone mapping curve.
为了进一步说明本发明的技术方案，以下将结合具体数值，详细说明本发明的调整方法，以下实验是基于表1的实验参数进行处理，其中，如图7为调整前显示效果，图8为通过本发明的调整方法对图7进行调整后的显示效果，且图9为无环境光时色调映射曲线示意图，图10为有环境光时色调映射曲线示意图。In order to further illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the adjustment method of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific numerical values. The following experiments are processed based on the experimental parameters in Table 1. Among them, Fig. 7 shows the display effect before adjustment, and Fig. 8 is passed The adjustment method of the present invention adjusts the display effect of FIG. 7 , and FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the tone mapping curve when there is no ambient light, and FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the tone mapping curve when there is ambient light.
表1为实验参数:Table 1 is the experimental parameters:
本发明还提供了一种多投影3D系统光场对比度调整系统，其包括以下模块，The present invention also provides a multi-projection 3D system light field contrast adjustment system, which includes the following modules,
单个投影显示模型，用于获取单个投影的亮度光场亮度图序列，并根据对比度测量函数，获取参考光场亮度图序列的感知强度；a single projection display model for obtaining a sequence of luminance light field luminance maps of a single projection, and obtaining the perceived intensity of a reference light field luminance map sequence according to a contrast measurement function;
多个投影显示模型，用于获取融合光场亮度图序列，并基于对比度测量函数，获取融合光场亮度图序列的感知强度；A plurality of projection display models for obtaining a sequence of fused light field brightness maps, and obtaining the perceived intensity of the sequence of fused light field brightness maps based on a contrast measurement function;
色阶调整模块，用于通过对比度差异衡量函数，并基于最优化色调映射曲线，调整融合光场亮度图序列；The color scale adjustment module is used to measure the function through the contrast difference, and adjust the fused light field brightness map sequence based on the optimized tone mapping curve;
逆显示模块，用于将调整后的融合光场亮度图序列转化为融合视差序列输出。The inverse display module is used to convert the adjusted fused light field brightness map sequence into a fused disparity sequence output.
优选的，本发明的一种多投影3D系统光场对比度调整系统还包括一用于将单个投影仪的亮度光场亮度图序列进行亮度增强处理的对比度增强模块。Preferably, the light field contrast adjustment system of a multi-projection 3D system of the present invention further includes a contrast enhancement module for performing brightness enhancement processing on the brightness light field brightness map sequence of a single projector.
优选的，本发明的单个投影仪显示模块还包括一个单个投影仪显示亮度模型，用于将单个投影仪的视差序列转换为单个投影仪的亮度图序列，且该单个投影仪显示亮度模型的亮度函数可以为Preferably, the single projector display module of the present invention also includes a single projector display luminance model for converting the parallax sequence of a single projector into a luminance map sequence of a single projector, and the luminance of the single projector display luminance model function can be
其中，Lp表示显示的亮度，V是像素值，取值区间[0，1]，γ是显示伽马参数，Emax是投影仪投射的最大照度，Eblack是全黑的照度，Eamb是环境光照度，N是投影仪数目。Among them, L p represents the brightness of the display, V is the pixel value, and the value range is [0, 1], γ is the display gamma parameter, E max is the maximum illuminance projected by the projector, E black is the illuminance of total black, E amb is the ambient light intensity, and N is the number of projectors.
在上述方案基础上优选，所述的多个投影仪显示模块还包括一个多投影仪显示亮度模型，用于将多个投影仪的视差序列转换为融合光场的亮度图序列，且该多投影仪显示亮度模型的发光亮度计算函数公式为：Preferably on the basis of the above solution, the multiple projector display modules further include a multi-projector display brightness model, which is used to convert the parallax sequence of multiple projectors into a brightness map sequence of the fusion light field, and the multi-projector The luminance calculation function formula of the instrument display luminance model is:
其中，D表示视区宽度；p表示单个视点宽度，D/p＝N；Vk是视点k的像素值；Ld-s(Vk)表示视点k处投射部分的亮度值；Ld-r(Vi)表示视点k处反射部分的亮度值。Among them, D represents the width of the viewing area; p represents the width of a single viewpoint, D/p=N; V k is the pixel value of the viewpoint k; L ds (V k ) represents the brightness value of the projected part at the viewpoint k; L dr (V i ) represents the luminance value of the reflected part at viewpoint k.
在上述方案基础上优选，所述的对比度差异衡量函数公式为：Preferably on the basis of the above-mentioned scheme, the described contrast difference measuring function formula is:
其中，dk≥0for k＝1...MAmong them, d k ≥ 0 for k = 1...M
上述公式为T(·)为对比度测量函数的计算公式；M表示色调映曲线的分段数量，ρL(·)表示拉普拉斯金字塔分解；是色调映射之后的融合光场，是参考光场。The above formula is that T(·) is the calculation formula of the contrast measurement function; M represents the number of segments of the tone mapping curve, and ρ L (·) represents the decomposition of the Laplace pyramid; is the fused lightfield after tone mapping, is the reference light field.
为了防止单个投影仪在投影过程中，受反射光和环境光的影响，导致其获取的参考光场亮度图序列有误差。本发明的一种多投影3D系统光场对比度调整系统，还包括一用于将单个投影仪的亮度光场亮度图序列进行亮度增强处理的对比度增强模块。In order to prevent a single projector from being affected by reflected light and ambient light during the projection process, resulting in errors in the reference light field brightness map sequence it acquires. The light field contrast adjustment system of a multi-projection 3D system of the present invention further includes a contrast enhancement module for performing brightness enhancement processing on the brightness light field brightness map sequence of a single projector.
优选，本发明的单个投影仪显示模块还包括一个单个投影仪显示亮度模型，用于将单个投影的视差序列转换为单个投影仪的亮度图序列，且该模型表示公式为Preferably, the single projector display module of the present invention also includes a single projector display luminance model, which is used to convert the parallax sequence of a single projection into a luminance map sequence of a single projector, and the model expression formula is
其中，Lp表示显示的亮度，V是像素值，取值区间[0，1]，γ是显示伽马参数，Emax是投影仪投射的最大照度，Eblack是全黑的照度，Eamb是环境光照度，N是投影仪数目。Among them, L p represents the brightness of the display, V is the pixel value, and the value range is [0, 1], γ is the display gamma parameter, E max is the maximum illuminance projected by the projector, E black is the illuminance of total black, E amb is the ambient light intensity, and N is the number of projectors.
进一步的，本发明的多个投影仪显示模块还包括一个多投影仪显示亮度模型，用于将多个投影仪的视差序列转换为融合光场的亮度图序列，且该多投影仪显示亮度模型的发光亮度计算函数公式为：Further, the multi-projector display module of the present invention also includes a multi-projector display luminance model, which is used to convert the parallax sequence of multiple projectors into a luminance map sequence of the fusion light field, and the multi-projector display luminance model The luminous brightness calculation function formula is:
其中，D表示视区宽度；p表示单个视点宽度；Vk是视点k的像素值；Ld-s(Vk)表示视点k处投射部分的亮度值；Ld-r(Vi)表示视点k处反射部分的亮度值。Among them, D represents the width of the viewing area; p represents the width of a single viewpoint; V k is the pixel value of the viewpoint k; L ds (V k ) represents the brightness value of the projected part at the viewpoint k; L dr (V i ) represents the reflection at the viewpoint k The brightness value of the section.
进一步的，本发明的对比度差异衡量函数公式为：Further, the contrast difference measuring function formula of the present invention is:
其中，dk≥0for k＝1...MAmong them, d k ≥ 0 for k = 1...M
上述公式为T(·)为对比度测量函数的计算公式；M表示色调映曲线的分段数量，ρL(·)表示拉普拉斯金字塔分解；是色调映射之后的融合光场，是参考光场。The above formula is that T(·) is the calculation formula of the contrast measurement function; M represents the number of segments of the tone mapping curve, and ρ L (·) represents the decomposition of the Laplace pyramid; is the fused lightfield after tone mapping, is the reference light field.
本发明的一种多投影3D系统光场对比度调整方法，通过获取参考光场亮度的感知度和融合光场亮度的感知度，利用对比度差异衡量函数，计算出融合光场和目标光场的对比度最小值，再依据最优色调映射曲线，调整融合光场亮度图序列。从而提高3D显示屏显示的光场对比度，避免3D显示过程中反射光对3D显示效果的影响，提高其3D图像的显示效果。A method for adjusting light field contrast of a multi-projection 3D system of the present invention calculates the contrast of the fusion light field and the target light field by using the contrast difference measurement function by obtaining the sensitivity of the reference light field brightness and the perception of the fusion light field brightness The minimum value, and then adjust the fusion light field brightness map sequence according to the optimal tone mapping curve. Therefore, the light field contrast ratio displayed on the 3D display screen is improved, the influence of reflected light on the 3D display effect during the 3D display process is avoided, and the display effect of the 3D image is improved.
本发明的通过将融合光场亮度图序列与参考光场亮度图序列进行对比，利用最优色调映射曲线，可根据实际反射光亮度实时调整融合光场亮度图序列，从而改变3D图像显示光场的对比度，以提高3D图像显示质量，解决现有3D显示屏因反射光，所造成的3D显示屏显示图像低、3D图像效果差的缺陷。In the present invention, by comparing the fused light field brightness map sequence with the reference light field brightness map sequence, the optimal tone mapping curve can be used to adjust the fused light field brightness map sequence in real time according to the actual reflected light brightness, thereby changing the 3D image display light field The contrast ratio is improved to improve the display quality of 3D images, and solve the defects of low 3D display images and poor 3D image effects caused by reflected light on existing 3D display screens.
本发明涉及的技术术语如下：The technical term that the present invention relates to is as follows:
动态范围：显示设备能够显示的最大亮度与最小亮度之比。Dynamic range: The ratio of the maximum brightness to the minimum brightness that a display device can display.
显示亮度模型：标明显示器显示亮度与输入像素值之间映射关系的数学模型。Display Brightness Model: A mathematical model indicating the mapping relationship between display brightness and input pixel values.
色调映射：在有限动态范围媒介上近似显示高动态范围图像的一项计算机图形学技术，将大幅度的对比度调整到场景亮度可以显示的范围，同时保持图像亮度与色彩等重要信息。Tone mapping: A computer graphics technique that approximates a high dynamic range image on a limited dynamic range medium, adjusting a large contrast to the range that the scene brightness can display, while maintaining important information such as image brightness and color.
朗伯反射：辐射源各个方向的辐射亮度不变，辐射强度随观察方向与面源法线之间的夹角的变换遵循余弦规律。Lambertian reflection: The radiation brightness in all directions of the radiation source is constant, and the transformation of the radiation intensity with the angle between the observation direction and the surface source normal follows the cosine law.
最后，本申请的方法仅为较佳的实施方案，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。Finally, the method of the present application is only a preferred embodiment, and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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