CN108375355B - Non-contact air pressure floating type measuring device - Google Patents
Non-contact air pressure floating type measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108375355B CN108375355B CN201810438615.0A CN201810438615A CN108375355B CN 108375355 B CN108375355 B CN 108375355B CN 201810438615 A CN201810438615 A CN 201810438615A CN 108375355 B CN108375355 B CN 108375355B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B13/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of fluids
- G01B13/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of fluids for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B13/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of fluids
- G01B13/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of fluids for measuring diameters
Abstract
The invention discloses a non-contact air pressure floating type measuring device, which relates to the technical field of precision measurement and comprises a nozzle assembly, a piston assembly, an elastic assembly and an electromagnetic induction assembly. The nozzle assembly consists of an air pressure cavity, an air inlet and a U-shaped caliper, and different air pressures are formed on different surfaces to be measured during measurement; the piston assembly consists of a piston, a single-head screw and a gasket, and the air pressure at the front end of the air pressure cavity changes and is fed back as displacement change through the part; the elastic component consists of three elastic branched chains, the elastic branched chains are distributed around the circumference at equal angles, and the displacement variation fed back by the front section is amplified by the elastic branched chains and then transmitted to the rear end electromagnetic induction component; the electromagnetic induction component consists of a cylindrical iron core, a plastic bearing sleeve, a primary coil and a secondary coil, and the displacement variation transmitted by the front section of the component is converted into an electric signal quantity to be output. The invention can realize high-precision measurement of the roundness and cylindricity of shaft parts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of precision measurement, in particular to a non-contact air pressure floating type measuring device.
Background
With the development of intelligent and automatic production technologies, the role of precision measurement in production becomes more and more important, and intelligent manufacturing is slowly introduced into production. One of the cores of intelligent manufacturing is intelligent sensing, and production is adjusted according to the result feedback of the intelligent sensing, so that the production efficiency is improved, and the product quality is improved.
In the field of automobile engines and aviation parts, the quality control of the produced parts mainly depends on the precise measurement of physical quantity and geometric quantity of the parts to be measured by various sensing components, and then the physical quantity and the geometric quantity are fed back to production equipment to dynamically correct production errors, so that mass production quality accidents are avoided. Therefore, the position of precision measurement in production is more and more important, and the important core of precision measurement is the precision measuring head. The existing precision measuring head has two forms of contact and non-contact. The contact type measuring head mainly takes flexible and elastic elements as main representatives, and generates displacement through elastic deformation, so that the physical quantity and the geometric quantity of a piece to be measured are detected. The non-contact measuring head mainly takes laser and vision measurement as representatives, and detects the physical quantity and the geometric quantity of a piece to be measured by a displacement increment generated by laser reflection or a vision image processing technology. The laser measuring head and related matched equipment have high cost, and visual measurement is influenced by more environmental factors, so that the laser measuring head and the related matched equipment cannot be widely applied in a large range. Therefore, the contact probe is still used in many applications.
However, the non-contact probe has the advantage that the non-contact probe cannot replace a contact probe because the non-contact probe does not damage the surface of the workpiece to be measured. However, the non-contact probe has high cost and a limitation in application environment.
In conclusion, the prior art lacks a non-contact measuring head which is low in cost and has low requirements on the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a non-contact air pressure floating type measuring device which has the advantage that a non-contact measuring head does not lose the surface of a workpiece to be measured. Compared with a visual measuring head (a camera), the invention is not influenced by the illumination environment, does not need a light source and has wider application environment than the visual measuring head; compared with a laser measuring head, the laser measuring head has the advantages of no expensive and huge additional equipment, small installation space and low cost. Compared with the current mainstream non-contact measurement mode, the invention can adapt to wider environment application occasions.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a non-contact pneumatic floating measurement device, comprising: the device comprises a pneumatic cavity, an air inlet hole, a U-shaped caliper gauge, a piston, a single-head screw, a rigid platform, a flexible hinge, a cylindrical iron core, a first secondary coil, a primary coil, a second secondary coil and a plastic bearing sleeve.
The pneumatic cavity is used for containing gas, and the pneumatic cavity is conical, consequently plays limiting displacement to the piston, and the apex angle department opening in pneumatic cavity to with U type calliper rule fixed connection, the apex angle venthole in pneumatic cavity is just to installing the article that awaits measuring in U type calliper rule.
The outer wall of the air pressure cavity is uniformly provided with a plurality of air inlets along the same circumference, the number of the air inlets can be more than 4, the number of the air inlets can be determined according to the radius of the circular section at the opening, and if the radius of the circular section is large, more openings are formed; if the radius of the circular section is smaller, fewer holes are formed. The position relation of the air inlet holes must be arranged along the circular cross section at equal angles, so that air can be uniformly and orderly fed into the air pressure cavity when air is fed, and the phenomenon of pulse or turbulent air flow cannot occur.
The diameter of the U-shaped caliper gauge is larger than that of the object to be measured, so that a gap is still left when the object to be measured is clamped into the U-shaped caliper gauge, and non-contact measurement is achieved.
The piston is connected with the bottom surface of the air pressure cavity, and when constant pressure gas is flushed into the air pressure cavity through the air inlet hole, the air flow in the air pressure cavity is sprayed to the surface of the object to be detected on one hand, and the piston is pushed to slide on the other hand.
The other end of the piston is connected with the rigid platform through a single-head screw, the right side of the single-head screw is provided with threads and is in fit connection with the internal thread at the center of the piston, and the center of the left end of the single-head screw is provided with a blind hole for being in fit connection with the rigid platform. The rigid platform is coaxially and fixedly connected with the cylindrical iron core. The rigid platform is connected with three elastic branched chains through flexible hinges, the elastic branched chains are fixedly connected with the cylindrical iron core, and the elastic branched chains are distributed around the periphery of the cylindrical iron core at equal angles. When the piston moves under the impact of airflow, the elastic branched chain absorbs the pressure applied by the piston and generates a reverse acting force to drive the cylindrical iron core to generate displacement in the direction opposite to the displacement direction of the piston. The elastic branched chain has only one degree of freedom along the axial direction of the cylindrical iron core, so that output displacement coupling is not generated, and displacement amplification is realized, so that input displacement applied by the piston can be amplified into output displacement opposite to the displacement direction of the piston. Because the input displacement and the output displacement are opposite in direction, the problem that the volume of the measuring head is increased or other equipment parts are interfered is avoided.
The other end of the cylindrical iron core penetrates through the bearing sleeve, the first secondary coil, the primary coil and the second secondary coil are sequentially connected and sleeved on the periphery of the bearing sleeve, a pair of homonymous ends of the first secondary coil and the second secondary coil are connected, and the other pair of homonymous ends are used as voltage signals to be output.
When the airflow impacts the piston to move leftwards, the elastic branched chain deforms and drives the cylindrical iron core to move rightwards, and output displacement is generated. The cylindrical iron core moves in the coil to generate electromagnetic induction, the output ends of the first secondary coil and the second secondary coil generate voltage signals, so that the output displacement is converted into electric signals, the larger the output displacement range is, the larger the generated output voltage range is, and the measuring range of the invention is positively correlated with the output displacement range of the elastic branched chain.
Further, the flexible branch comprises a first rigid rod, a second rigid rod and a third rigid rod, and one ends of the first rigid rod, the second rigid rod and the third rigid rod are connected together. The other end of the first rigid rod is connected with the rigid platform through a flexible hinge; the other end of the second rigid rod is connected with a rigid connecting knot, and the rigid connecting knot is fixedly connected with the cylindrical iron core; the other end of the third rigid rod is connected with the rigid blocks, and the three rigid blocks are uniformly fixed on the inner wall of the shell. The flexible hinge has no gap, no friction, good elasticity, self-returning property and good application in the field of precision measurement, and is suitable for micro-displacement structures with various measurement and positioning functions.
Furthermore, an annular plastic contact is arranged on the inner wall of the plastic bearing sleeve and supports the cylindrical iron core, so that the contact area between the cylindrical iron core and the plastic bearing sleeve is reduced, and the friction effect is reduced.
Furthermore, a cylindrical boss is arranged on the rigid platform, a groove is arranged on the single-head screw, and the cylindrical boss and the groove are in interference fit.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the air pressure cavity is respectively connected with the piston and the U-shaped caliper gauge, one end of the air pressure cavity is used for placing an object to be measured to block air flow, the other end of the air pressure cavity can push the iron core to slide, and a displacement signal is converted into a voltage signal to be output, so that the length of the object to be measured is converted into an electric signal to be output and expressed, the object to be measured does not need to be contacted; the elastic branched chain has a displacement amplification effect, the amplified output displacement enables the measurement effect to be more obvious, the measurement effect is obvious, special environment and high test cost are not needed in the use of the method, the cost is low, and the environmental requirement is low.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged displacement schematic of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of input displacement and output displacement mapping solution.
The device comprises a pressure chamber 1, an air inlet 2, a U-shaped caliper gauge 3, a piston 4, a single-head bolt 5, an elastic cushion 6, a cylindrical boss 7, a rigid platform 8, a first rigid rod 9, a second rigid rod 10, a third rigid rod 11, a flexible hinge 12, a rigid block 13, a screw 14, a rigid connecting joint 15, a cylindrical iron core 16, a first secondary coil 17, a primary coil 18, a secondary coil 19, an annular plastic contact 20, a plastic bearing sleeve 21 and a shell 22.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following detailed description.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a non-contact air pressure floating type measuring device, as shown in fig. 1, including: nozzle assembly, piston assembly, elastic component and electromagnetic induction subassembly.
The nozzle assembly comprises a pneumatic chamber 1 and a U-shaped caliper 3. The pneumatic cavity 1 is used for containing gas, is provided with an opening at the vertex angle and is fixedly connected with the U-shaped caliper gauge 3, and the vertex angle air outlet of the pneumatic cavity 1 is just opposite to an article to be tested arranged in the U-shaped caliper gauge 3.
The outer wall of the air pressure cavity 1 is uniformly provided with a plurality of air inlet holes 2 along the same circumference, the number of the air inlet holes 2 can be more than 4, the number of the air inlet holes 2 can be determined according to the radius of the circular section at the position of the opening, and if the radius of the circular section is large, more openings are formed; if the radius of the circular section is smaller, fewer holes are formed. The position relation of the air inlet holes must be arranged along the circular cross section at equal angles, so that air can be uniformly and orderly fed into the air pressure cavity when air is fed, and the phenomenon of pulse or turbulent air flow cannot occur.
The diameter of the U-shaped caliper 3 is larger than that of the object to be measured, so that a gap is still left when the object to be measured is clamped into the U-shaped caliper 3, and non-contact measurement is realized.
The piston assembly comprises a piston 4, a single-ended screw 5 and a spring washer 6. The center of the piston 4 is provided with an internal thread which is matched and connected with the single-head screw 5 through the thread. The other end of the single-head screw rod 5 is provided with a groove, and the single-head screw rod 5 penetrates through the elastic pad 6 and the rigid platform 8 to be connected in an interference fit mode.
The elastic assembly is formed by three elastic branched chains, which comprise a first rigid rod 9, a second rigid rod 10 and a third rigid rod 11, and have one end connected together. The other end of the first rigid rod 9 is connected with the rigid platform 8 through a flexible hinge 12; the other end of the second rigid rod 10 is connected with a rigid connecting knot 15, and the rigid connecting knot 15 is fixedly connected with a cylindrical iron core 16; the other end of the third rigid rod 11 is connected with a rigid block 13, and the three rigid blocks are uniformly fixed on the inner wall of the shell 22 through screws 14. The flexible hinge 12 has no gap, no friction, good elasticity, self-returning property, good application in the field of precision measurement, and is suitable for micro-displacement structures with various measurement and positioning functions.
The rigid platform 8 is coaxially and fixedly connected with a cylindrical iron core 16. The rigid platform 8 is connected with three elastic branched chains through a flexible hinge 12, the elastic branched chains are fixedly connected with the cylindrical iron core 16, and the elastic branched chains are distributed around the periphery of the cylindrical iron core 16 at equal angles. When the piston 4 moves under the impact of the air flow, the elastic branched chains absorb the pressure applied by the piston 4 and generate a reaction force to drive the cylindrical iron core 16 to generate displacement opposite to the displacement direction of the piston 4. The elastic branches have only one degree of freedom along the axial direction of the cylindrical core 16, so that no output coupling occurs, and have a displacement amplification effect capable of amplifying an input displacement applied by the piston 4 into an output displacement opposite to the displacement direction of the piston 4. Because the input displacement and the output displacement are opposite in direction, the problem that the volume of the measuring head is increased or other equipment parts are interfered is avoided.
The electromagnetic induction assembly comprises a cylindrical iron core 16, a plastic bearing sleeve 21, a first secondary coil 17, a primary coil 18, a second secondary coil 19 and an annular plastic contact 20.
The cylindrical iron core 16 penetrates through the plastic bearing sleeve 21, the first secondary coil 17, the primary coil 18 and the second secondary coil 19 are sequentially connected and sleeved on the periphery of the plastic bearing sleeve 21, one pair of homonymous ends of the first secondary coil 17 and the second secondary coil 19 are connected, and the other pair of homonymous ends are used as voltage signals to be output.
The inner wall of the plastic bearing sleeve 21 is provided with the annular plastic contact 20, the annular plastic contact 20 supports the cylindrical iron core 16, the contact area between the cylindrical iron core 16 and the plastic bearing sleeve 21 is reduced, and the friction effect is reduced.
When the airflow impacts the piston 4 to move leftwards, the elastic branched chain deforms and drives the cylindrical iron core 16 to move rightwards, and output displacement is generated. The electromagnetic induction is generated due to the movement of the cylindrical iron core 16 in the coil, the output ends of the first secondary coil 17 and the second secondary coil 19 generate voltage signals, so that the output displacement is converted into an electric signal, and the larger the output displacement range is, the larger the generated output voltage range is, so that the measurement range of the invention is positively correlated with the output displacement range of the elastic branched chain.
The piston 4 pushes the cylindrical iron core 16 to generate displacement of U1, the elastic branched chain drives the cylindrical iron core 16 to generate reverse displacement of U2, the length of the first rigid rod 9 is L1, the length of the third rigid rod 11 is L3, as shown in FIG. 2, U1 corresponds to DE section, U2 corresponds to GH section, L1 corresponds to CD section, L2 corresponds to CG section, and L3 corresponds to BC section, the value of U1/U2 is amplification factor, but the amplification factor is not constant, i.e. the input and output displacement of the present invention does not have a linear relation, but the amplification factor at each position can be solved according to a geometric relation, so the measurement is not affected.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, BC-CG-CD in fig. 2 corresponds to the initial position of the elastic branch chain in the third rigid rod 11, the second rigid rod 10 and the first rigid rod 9 respectively. AB-AH-AE respectively correspond to the deformed positions of the third rigid rod 11, the second rigid rod 10 and the first rigid rod 9, DE is input displacement, GH and output displacement, and the mapping relation between DE and GH can be obtained by equations (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9) and (10) in parallel, and the solving relation and the flow of the ten equations are shown in FIG. 3.
The known quantities are GD, BG, BC ═ AB ═ L3, CG ═ AH ═ L2, CD ═ AE ═ L1, ∠ CBG, <tttranslation = angle "& &ttt &/t &tttgtt cde
From the angular geometry, one can derive:
∠BCD-∠BAE＝∠ABC+∠AFC＝∠ABC+∠DFE (5)
projecting AB and AE to the vertical direction is BG length, and an equation can be obtained:
AB*cos(∠CBG+∠ABC)+AE*cos(∠CDE+∠DFE)＝BG (6)
solved ∠ ABC and ∠ DFE
From the sine theorem of Δ AHE, we can obtain:
∠HAE＝180°-∠AHE-(∠DFE+∠CDE) (8)
from this, the HE length can be obtained
GH＝GD-HE-DE (10)
GH length was obtained.
For each branch, DE is the input displacement and GH is the output displacement, as shown in FIG. 3, the elastic branch has a high magnification effect. The length of the third rigid rod 11 is 5mm, the length of the second rigid rod 10 is 10mm, the length of the first rigid rod 9 is 20mm, and the geometric relationship is as follows: when the input displacement DE is 0.51mm, GH is an output displacement of 5mm, and the magnification is about 10 times.
The embodiment also provides the measuring method of the invention. Taking the diameter of the measuring shaft as an example, another U-shaped caliper and the U-shaped caliper 3 are oppositely clamped from the left direction and the right direction along the diameter of the shaft to be measured to form a ring, and the shaft to be measured is placed in the ring hole.
Air is fed from the air inlet 2, the air pressure cavity 1 sprays air on the surface of a shaft to be measured and the piston 4, and the piston 4 generates displacement under the impact of the air flow. Because the surface of the shaft to be measured has protrusions and depressions due to the change in the physical shape, the influence of the surface of the shaft to be measured on the pressure of the ejected gas is also different. Obviously, when gas is sprayed on the bulge, the resistance of the bulge is large, so that the pressure in the gas pressure chamber 1 is increased, and the piston 4 is influenced by the increase of the gas pressure to generate a displacement U1 leftwards, the higher the bulge is, the larger the resistance of the gas is, the larger the pressure in the gas pressure chamber 1 is, the larger the displacement U1 of the piston 4 is, when the nozzle of the gas pressure chamber 1 is completely blocked by the bulge, the pressure in the gas pressure chamber 1 is equal to the inlet pressure, and the displacement U1 of the piston is maximum. On the contrary, when the gas is sprayed on the concave part, the resistance of the concave part is smaller, so that the pressure in the gas pressure cavity 1 is reduced, and the piston 4 is influenced by the reduced gas pressure to generate displacement U1 rightwards, the deeper the concave part is, the smaller the resistance of the gas is, the smaller the pressure in the gas pressure cavity 1 is, the smaller the piston displacement U1 is, when the nozzle forms the concave part with a certain depth, the pressure in the gas pressure cavity 1 is equal to the pressure when no load air is sprayed, and the piston displacement U1 is minimum.
Before measurement, calibration of a standard part is necessary, taking a measuring shaft as an example, the standard shaft is matched and clamped by two U-shaped calipers 3 arranged on a measuring head, then air injection measurement is carried out, and the voltage U is obtained by measurement0(corresponding displacement amount is U0) is recorded as zero point. After calibration, measurements can be taken. If the measured value u is greater than u0(i.e., the corresponding displacement is U2 greater than U0), it indicates the detected shaft has an upper deviation, and if the measured value U is less than U0(i.e., the corresponding displacement is U2 is smaller than U0), it indicates that the shaft under test has a lower deviation. The upper deviation is positive and the lower deviation is negative.
When the linear mathematical model is established, the data obtained when the standard axis is measured is used for establishing and calibrating the measuring head linear mathematical model. The zero point pressure in the air pressure cavity is P0.
When △ P-P0>0, △ U-U2-U0 >0, △ U-U0> 0;
when △ P-P0<0, △ U-U2-U0 <0, △ U-U0< 0.
The mathematical mapping is that the geometric deviation is mu → △ P → △ U → △ U
Output voltage u during idleminThe output voltage of the workpiece to be measured when the nozzle is blocked is umax。
In accordance with the principles of the present invention, a measurement deviation μ can be derived given an output voltage u.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the air pressure cavity is respectively connected with the piston and the U-shaped caliper gauge, one end of the air pressure cavity is used for placing an object to be measured to block air flow, the other end of the air pressure cavity can push the iron core to slide, and a displacement signal is converted into a voltage signal to be output, so that the length of the object to be measured is converted into an electric signal to be output and expressed, the object to be measured does not need to be contacted; the elastic branched chain has a displacement amplification effect, the amplified output displacement enables the measurement effect to be more obvious, the measurement effect is obvious, special environment and high test cost are not needed in the use of the method, the cost is low, and the environmental requirement is low.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A non-contact air pressure floating type measuring device is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a pneumatic cavity (1), an air inlet (2), a U-shaped caliper gauge (3), a piston (4), a single-head screw (5), a rigid platform (8), a flexible hinge (12), a cylindrical iron core (16), a first secondary coil (17), a primary coil (18), a second secondary coil (19) and a plastic bearing sleeve (21);
the pneumatic cavity (1) is conical, the vertex angle of the pneumatic cavity (1) is opened and is fixedly connected with the U-shaped caliper gauge (3), and a plurality of air inlets (2) are uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the pneumatic cavity (1) along the same circumference;
the piston (4) is connected with the bottom surface of the air pressure cavity (1), and the air flow in the air pressure cavity (1) pushes the piston (4) to slide;
the other end of the piston (4) is connected with a rigid platform (8) through a single-head screw (5), and the rigid platform (8) is coaxially and fixedly connected with a cylindrical iron core (16);
the rigid platform (8) is connected with three elastic branched chains through a flexible hinge (12), the elastic branched chains are fixedly connected with the cylindrical iron core (16), the elastic branched chains are distributed around the periphery of the cylindrical iron core (16) at equal angles, the elastic branched chains absorb pressure applied by the piston (4) and generate reaction force to drive the cylindrical iron core (16) to generate displacement opposite to the displacement direction of the piston (4);
the other end of the cylindrical iron core (16) penetrates through the bearing sleeve (21), the first secondary coil (17), the primary coil (18) and the second secondary coil (19) are sequentially connected and sleeved on the periphery of the bearing sleeve (21), a pair of homonymy ends of the first secondary coil (17) and the second secondary coil (19) are connected, and the other pair of homonymy ends are used as voltage signals to be output.
2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said elastic branches comprise a first rigid bar (9), a second rigid bar (10) and a third rigid bar (11) and are connected together at one end;
the other end of the first rigid rod (9) is connected with the rigid platform (8) through a flexible hinge (12);
the other end of the second rigid rod (10) is connected with a rigid connecting knot (15), and the rigid connecting knot (15) is fixedly connected with the cylindrical iron core (16);
the other end of the third rigid rod (11) is connected with a rigid block (13), and the three rigid rods (13) are uniformly fixed on the inner wall of the shell (22).
3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the plastic bearing housing (21) is provided with an annular plastic contact (20) on its inner wall.
4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rigid platform (8) is provided with a cylindrical boss (7), the single-end screw (5) is provided with a groove, and the cylindrical boss (7) and the groove are in interference fit.
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| US6357132B1 (en) * | 2000-04-14 | 2002-03-19 | William W. Banks | Boom position detection system |
| CN203848811U (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-09-24 | 苏州瑞玛金属成型有限公司 | Riveting omitting and riveting fault detection apparatus |
| CN104374343A (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2015-02-25 | 常州耐之力刀具制造有限公司 | Bearing outer race groove diameter pneumatic measuring head |
| CN105352456A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2016-02-24 | 常州市西夏墅企业创新发展中心 | Thickness measuring device |
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