CN108373438A - 一种二(4-吲哚苯)砜衍生物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种二(4-吲哚苯)砜衍生物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN108373438A
CN108373438A CN201810047094.6A CN201810047094A CN108373438A CN 108373438 A CN108373438 A CN 108373438A CN 201810047094 A CN201810047094 A CN 201810047094A CN 108373438 A CN108373438 A CN 108373438A
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朱亮亮
李旭萍
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Abstract

本发明属于有机发光材料领域,具体为一种二(4‑吲哚苯)砜衍生物及其制备方法和应用。本发明提出的二(4‑吲哚苯)砜衍生物是以吲哚衍生物为电子给体、二苯砜为电子受体形成的分子内电荷转移化合物,由于存在局域态和电荷转移态两种激发态,该化合物表现出荧光‑延迟荧光双发射现象,随着溶剂极性增加,荧光发射峰位移和寿命基本不变,延迟荧光出现明显红移,同时衰减寿命缩短。因此,可作为一种以自身荧光发射峰为内标,通过延迟荧光发射和寿命的同时变化检测环境及生物体内极性变化的新型荧光极性传感器,用于溶液极性检测。

Description

一种二(4-吲哚苯)砜衍生物及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于发光材料技术领域,具体涉及一种二(4-吲哚苯)砜衍生物,以及该类化合物的制备方法和应用。
背景技术
发光材料由于灵敏度高、选择性好、操作简便等诸多优点,在生物分析及造影方面的应用十分广泛,很多发光分子在工作时会受到外部溶液极性的影响。另外,在生物体系中,环境极性是调节控制分子物理和化学性质非常重要的一个因素,尤其在细胞水平上,环境极性不仅对大量蛋白分子的内部活性起着及其关键的作用,而且在一定程度上反映了膜的渗透性(Z. Yang, et al. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2014, 43, 4563.)。因此,开发极性敏感型材料有着重要意义。
目前存在的对极性敏感的传感器,大多数是具有分子内电荷转移特征的荧光分子。在光的激发诱导下,该荧光分子内部会发生电荷转移过程,引起分子电荷分布极化,从而导致分子周围的溶剂分子发生重新组合和排布。由于分子外部环境中溶剂分子与其在基态条件下的相互作用力不同,电荷转移的程度也不同,分子内电荷或结构发生重新排布时需要的能量随着两者之间相互作用程度的变化而变化,最终使得荧光分子的荧光峰发生位移(B. Valeur, et al. Coor. Chem. Rev., 2000, 205, 3.)。因此,通过不同溶剂中化合物的荧光光谱波长的位移,即可以非常简便地判断出化合物周围溶剂分子极性的大小。然而,这种传感器的缺点是:测试溶剂的绝对极性时需要相应的校正曲线,而且,在细胞水平上使用时,荧光分子和细胞内自发荧光的寿命重叠。
激发态对光电材料的发光颜色、效率起着至关重要的作用。一般来说,激发态分为两种:局域激发态和电荷转移态。根据分子轨道重叠的程度, 局域态的发射具有较高的发光效率,电荷转移态的存在会提高激子的利用率(Y. Gao, et al. Phys. Chem. Chem.Phys., 2016, 18, 24176.)。原则上,最理想的发射态应该是充分结合局域态和电荷转移态的优势,同时收获较高的量子效率和较高的激子利用率。
结合以上研究背景,开发出一种可以对极性进行精确响应、具有长寿命和双发射的荧光极性传感器具有重要的意义,在光电领域具有非常重要的作用,适用于化学传感、生物标记、智能材料和发光器件等方面。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种能对溶液极性进行精确响应的具有荧光-延迟荧光双发射的新型荧光极性传感器及其制备方法和应用。
本发明首先设计、合成一种含二(4-吲哚苯)砜衍生物,该化合物是以吲哚衍生物为电子给体、二苯砜为电子受体形成的分子内电荷转移化合物。该化合物具有荧光-延迟荧光双发射现象,对溶液极性有多种响应,具体表现为:随着溶剂极性增加,荧光发射峰位移和寿命基本不变,然而延迟荧光出现明显红移,同时衰减寿命缩短,因此,可作为一种以自身荧光发射峰为内标,通过延迟荧光发射和寿命的同时变化检测环境及生物体内极性变化的新型荧光极性传感器。
本发明提供的二(4-吲哚苯)砜衍生物,是以吲哚衍生物为电子给体、二苯砜为电子受体形成的分子内电荷转移化合物,可作为荧光极性传感器,其结构式如通式I所示:
通式I
其中: R为氢,1-8个碳原子的酰基,或硫辛酰基。
进一步的,R为1-4个碳原子的酰基。
进一步的,R为2个碳原子的酰基。
本发明还提供上述溶剂极性传感器的制备方法,其合成路线如下所示:
具体步骤如下:
(1)在氮气保护下,以干燥的N-甲基吡咯烷酮作为反应溶剂,加入适量的5-硝基吲哚、4,4'-二氟二苯砜和碳酸钾,在120-160 ℃下反应1-4小时,得到二[4-(5-硝基吲哚)苯]砜,即为反应式中化合物2;
其中,5-硝基吲哚、4,4'-二氟二苯砜、碳酸钾摩尔质量比为0.9~1.1 mmol:0.45~0.55mmol:4.5~5.5 mmol;
(2)在氮气保护下,将化合物2溶于乙醇中,加入适量二水合氯化亚锡,在回流条件下反应20-24小时,得到还原产物二[4-(5-氨基吲哚)苯]砜,即为反应式中化合物1(为通式I所示的化合物);
(3)在氮气保护下,将化合物1溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加入三乙胺,在冰浴条件下,逐滴加入乙酰氯,自然升温至室温,加热至35~50 ℃下反应8-10小时,得到酰化产物二[4-(5-乙酰胺基吲哚)苯]砜,即为反应式中化合物1-1(也为通式I所示的化合物);
(4)在氮气保护下,将硫辛酸溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺和2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯,在室温条件下搅拌0.5-1小时,加入化合物1,在室温下反应20-24小时,得到酰化产物二[4-(5-硫辛酰胺基吲哚)苯]砜,即为反应式中化合物1-2(也为通式I所示的化合物)。
本发明中,步骤(2)中,化合物2二[4-(5-硝基吲哚)苯]砜、二水合氯化亚锡的摩尔质量比为0.9~1.1 mmol:9~11mmol;在70~85℃下搅拌反应20-24小时,将反应液加入到冷水中,调节pH至中性,萃取,真空浓缩,得到还原产物二[4-(5-胺基吲哚)苯]砜。
本发明中,步骤(3)中,化合物1二[4-(5-氨基吲哚)苯]砜、三乙胺、乙酰氯的摩尔体积比为1.8~2.2 mmol:0.25~0.35 mL:0.12~0.18 mL;在35~50 ℃下搅拌反应8-10小时,将反应液加入冷水中,进行过滤,洗涤滤饼,柱层析分离,得到酰化产物二[4-(5-乙酰胺基吲哚)苯]砜。
本发明中,步骤(4)中,硫辛酸、N,N-二异丙基乙胺的摩尔体积比为9~10 mmol:2~3mL,化合物1二[4-(5-氨基吲哚)苯]砜、硫辛酸、2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯摩尔质量比为0.8~1.2 mmol:2.5~3.5 mmol:2.5~3.5 mmol,在室温下反应20-24小时后,将反应液加入冷水中,进行过滤,洗涤滤饼,柱层析分离,得到酰化产物二[4-(5-硫辛酰胺基吲哚)苯]砜。
本发明提供的二(4-吲哚苯)砜衍生物可可作为荧光-延迟荧光双发射极性传感器,用于检测溶剂极性。将该化合物溶解在不同溶剂中,产生两种不同的发射,从而检测溶液极性。
所述通式I结构的化合物用于检测溶剂极性的工序如下:
(1)将通式I结构的化合物溶解在不同极性的溶剂中;
(2)测定由上述工序中的溶剂变化引起的体系发光变化,从而检测溶液的极性。
本发明提供的化合物可用于环境或生物体系中溶液极性的检测。
相对于现有荧光极性传感器而言,本发明所提供的二(4-吲哚苯)砜衍生物具有长寿命的发射光,不仅可以根据发射的位移,还可以根据寿命变化,来检测溶剂极性,还有原料廉价易得、合成简单、检测方便等多方面的优点。解决了现有技术中荧光发射单一、发射寿命短、成本较高、合成路线复杂的技术问题。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的荧光极性传感器的原理示意图。
图2为实施例2中,浓度为0.05 μmol/L化合物I在不同溶剂中的荧光发射图谱。从下到上,溶剂分别为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,四氢呋喃,二氯甲烷,甲苯,正己烷,横坐标为波长,纵坐标为归一化荧光强度值。
图3为实施例3中,浓度为0.05 μmol/L化合物I在甲苯和正己烷中的荧光衰减寿命图谱。横坐标为寿命,纵坐标为归一化荧光强度值。
图4为实施例4中,浓度为0.05 μmol/L化合物I在不同溶剂中的延迟荧光衰减寿命图谱。从下到上,溶剂分别为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,二氯甲烷,甲苯,横坐标为寿命,纵坐标为归一化荧光强度值。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步的阐述,其目的仅在于更好地理解本发明的内容。因此,所举之例并不限制本发明的保护范围。
下列实施例中所说的室温是:25-28 ℃;所用原料及试剂均未市售品。
实施例1
(1)化合物2的合成
在100 mL的圆底烧瓶中加入5-硝基吲哚(4.86 g, 30 mmol)、4,4'-二氟二苯砜(3.56g, 14 mmol)和碳酸钾(19.35 g, 140 mmol),氮气保护下,注入N-甲基吡咯烷酮中70 mL,在140℃下反应4小时,降至室温,将反应液倒入500 mL冰水中,抽滤,用水和石油醚反复洗涤滤饼,得灰绿色固体2,产率97%。1H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO) δ (ppm):8.69 (d, J = 2.3Hz, 1H), 8.33 – 8.23 (m, 2H), 8.10 (dd, J = 9.2, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (d, J =3.4 Hz, 1H), 8.01 – 7.93 (m, 2H), 7.83 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (d, J = 3.3Hz, 1H)。
(2)化合物1的合成
在500 mL的圆底烧瓶中加入二[4-(5-硝基吲哚)苯]砜(10 mmol)和300 mL乙醇,随后加入二水合氯化亚锡(100 mmol),在氮气保护下回流20小时,冷却至室温,将反应液加入到500 mL水中,用氢氧化钠溶液调节pH至中性,用二氯甲烷萃取三次(100 mL×3),合并有机层,用饱和食盐水洗,无水硫酸钠干燥。真空浓缩后,用乙酸乙酯洗涤,得黄色固体1,产率90%。1H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO) δ (ppm):8.14 – 8.09 (m, 4H), 7.82 (dd, J = 11.6,4.7 Hz,4H), 7.59 (d, J = 3.4 Hz, 2H), 7.45 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.79 (d, J =2.1 Hz, 2H), 6.61 (dd, J = 8.8, 2.2 Hz,2H), 6.51 (d, J = 3.3 Hz, 2H), 4.92(s, 4H)。
(3)化合物1-1的合成
在20 mL圆底烧瓶中加入二[4-(5-氨基吲哚)苯]砜(2 mmol)和8 mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,随后加入0.15 mL三乙胺,在氮气保护下搅拌20分钟,在冰浴条件下,逐滴加入0.3 mL乙酰氯,自然升温至室温,加热至40℃下反应8小时,降至室温,将反应液倒入50 mL冰水中,抽滤,用水反复洗涤滤饼,经柱层析分离纯化,以二氯甲烷:四氢呋喃=1:1(v/v)为洗脱剂,得淡黄色固体1-1,产率85%。1H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO) δ (ppm):9.94 (s, 2H), 8.18 (d, J= 7.1 Hz, 4H), 8.04 (s, 2H), 7.89 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 4H), 7.75 (s, 2H), 7.65 (d,J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.33 (d, J = 8.1 Hz,2H), 6.74 (s, 2H), 2.06 (s, 6H)。
(4)化合物1-2的合成
在20 mL圆底烧瓶中加入硫辛酸(9 mmol)和8 mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,随后加入2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(9 mmol)和2 mL N,N-二异丙基乙胺,在室温下搅拌1小时,加入化合物二[4-(5-氨基吲哚)苯]砜(3 mmol)2,在氮气保护下反应20小时后,将反应液倒入50 mL冰水中,抽滤,用水反复洗涤滤饼,经柱层析分离纯化,以二氯甲烷:四氢呋喃=1:1(v/v)为洗脱剂,得浅黄色固体1-2,产率73%。1H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO) δ (ppm):9.85 (s, 2H), 8.30 – 8.10 (m, 4H), 8.03 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 2H),7.93 – 7.83 (m, 4H), 7.75 (d, J = 3.4 Hz,2H), 7.65 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 2H), 7.34(dd, J = 9.0, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 6.74 (d, J = 3.3 Hz, 2H), 3.63 (ddd, J = 32.7,17.8, 13.4 Hz, 2H), 3.29 – 3.03 (m, 4H), 2.49 – 2.37 (m, 2H), 2.32 (t, J =7.3 Hz,4H), 2.06 – 1.96 (m, 2H), 1.88 (td, J = 13.5, 6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.77 – 1.67(m, 2H), 1.68 – 1.54 (m, 4H), 1.43 (td, J = 13.5, 6.0 Hz, 4H)。
实施例2
将上述所得化合物I分别溶解于正己烷,甲苯,二氯甲烷,四氢呋喃,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,配制成0.05 μmol/L的溶液。分别将2mL溶液加入到1 cm×1 cm×4 cm的带塞比色皿中,测试其荧光发射光谱,λex = 300 nm,结果如图2所示。随着溶剂极性的增强,荧光发射峰的位移不变,且其强度逐渐减弱,延迟荧光的发射峰逐渐红移,且强度逐渐增强。
实施例3
将上述所得化合物I分别溶解于正己烷,甲苯中,配制成0.05 μmol/L的溶液。分别将2mL溶液加入到1 cm×1 cm×4 cm的带塞比色皿中,测试其荧光衰减寿命,λex = 300 nm,结果如图3所示。随着溶剂极性的增强,荧光寿命保持不变。
实施例4
将上述所得化合物I分别溶解于甲苯,二氯甲烷,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,配制成0.05 μmol/L的溶液。分别将2mL溶液加入到1 cm×1 cm×4 cm的带塞比色皿中,测试其延迟荧光衰减寿命,λex = 300 nm,结果如图4所示。随着溶剂极性的增强,延迟荧光寿命逐渐缩短。

Claims (9)

1.一种二(4-吲哚苯)砜衍生物,其特征在于,是以吲哚衍生物为电子给体、二苯砜为电子受体形成的分子内电荷转移化合物,其结构式如通式I所示:
通式I
其中, R为氢,1-8个碳原子的酰基,或硫辛酰基。
2.如权利要求1所述的二(4-吲哚苯)砜衍生物,其特征在于,结构式中R为1-4个碳原子的酰基。
3.如权利要求1所述的二(4-吲哚苯)砜衍生物,其特征在于,结构式中R为2个碳原子的酰基。
4.一种如权利要求1所述的二(4-吲哚苯)砜衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
(1)在氮气保护下,以干燥的N-甲基吡咯烷酮作为反应溶剂,加入适量的5-硝基吲哚、4,4'-二氟二苯砜和碳酸钾,在120-160 ℃下反应1-4小时,得到二[4-(5-硝基吲哚)苯]砜,记为化合物2;
其中,5-硝基吲哚、4,4'-二氟二苯砜、碳酸钾摩尔质量比为0.9~1.1 mmol:0.45~0.55mmol:4.5~5.5 mmol;
(2)在氮气保护下,将化合物2溶于乙醇中,加入适量二水合氯化亚锡,在回流条件下反应20-24小时,得到还原产物二[4-(5-氨基吲哚)苯]砜,即为通式I所示的化合物;
(3)在氮气保护下,将二[4-(5-氨基吲哚)苯]砜溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加入三乙胺,在冰浴条件下,逐滴加入乙酰氯,自然升温至室温,加热至35~50 ℃下反应8-10小时,得到酰化产物二[4-(5-乙酰胺基吲哚)苯]砜,亦为通式I所示的化合物;
(4)在氮气保护下,将硫辛酸溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺和2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯,在室温条件下搅拌0.5-1小时,加入二[4-(5-氨基吲哚)苯]砜,在室温下反应20-24小时,得到酰化产物二[4-(5-硫辛酰胺基吲哚)苯]砜,也为通式I所示的化合物。
5.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,化合物2、二水合氯化亚锡的摩尔质量比为0.9~1.1 mmol:9~11mmol;反应结束后,将反应液加入到冷水中,调节pH至中性,萃取,真空浓缩,得到还原产物二[4-(5-胺基吲哚)苯]砜。
6.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,二[4-(5-胺基吲哚)苯]砜、三乙胺、乙酰氯的摩尔体积比为1.8~2.2 mmol:0.25~0.35 mL:0.12~0.18 mL;反应结束后,将反应液加入冷水中,进行过滤,洗涤滤饼,柱层析分离,得酰化产物二[4-(5-乙酰胺基吲哚)苯]砜。
7.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,硫辛酸、N,N-二异丙基乙胺的摩尔体积比为9~10 mmol:2~03 mL,二[4-(5-胺基吲哚)苯]砜、硫辛酸、2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯的摩尔质量比为0.8~1.2 mmol:2.5~3.5 mmol:2.5~3.5 mmol;反应结束后,将反应液加入冷水中,进行过滤,洗涤滤饼,柱层析分离,得到酰化产物二[4-(5-硫辛酰胺基吲哚)苯]砜。
8.权利要求1-3之一所述的二(4-吲哚苯)砜衍生物作为荧光-延迟荧光双发射极性传感器在检测溶液极性中的应用。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,具体工序为:
(1)将通式I结构的化合物溶解在不同极性的溶剂中:
(2)测定由上述工序中的溶剂变化引起的荧光变化,从而检测溶液的极性。
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