CN108372479A - A kind of combined sleeve spanner - Google Patents
A kind of combined sleeve spanner Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108372479A CN108372479A CN201810375939.4A CN201810375939A CN108372479A CN 108372479 A CN108372479 A CN 108372479A CN 201810375939 A CN201810375939 A CN 201810375939A CN 108372479 A CN108372479 A CN 108372479A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- sleeve
- ratchet ring
- outer sleeve
- boss
- ring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
- B25B13/02—Spanners; Wrenches with rigid jaws
- B25B13/06—Spanners; Wrenches with rigid jaws of socket type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
- B25B13/46—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle
- B25B13/461—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle with concentric driving and driven member
- B25B13/462—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle with concentric driving and driven member the ratchet parts engaging in a direction radial to the tool operating axis
- B25B13/465—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle with concentric driving and driven member the ratchet parts engaging in a direction radial to the tool operating axis a pawl engaging an internally toothed ring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to hand-operated tools technical fields, more particularly to a kind of combined sleeve spanner, including handle and sleeve assembly, multiple inner sleeves that sleeve assembly includes outer sleeve and is set in successively in outer sleeve, it is connected by unidirectional torsion actuator between in the middle part of handle end and outer sleeve surface, unidirectional torsion actuator includes the outer ratchet ring and inner ratchet ring of inside and outside matching suit in an axial direction, inner ratchet ring is fixedly connected with outer sleeve, outer ratchet ring one end is radially and inwardly equipped with boss, it is engaged by set cyclic annular ratchet matching between boss medial surface and inner ratchet ring corresponding end-faces, it is corresponding with outer ratchet ring one end end face where boss, outer sleeve surface is equipped with axial limiting part, flexible connector is equipped between axial limiting part and corresponding outer ratchet ring end face；Outer sleeve and each inner sleeve are fitted together by opposite sliding and detent mechanism.The present invention can be applicable in the bolt and nut for twisting plurality of specifications, have a wide range of application, and it is flexible, convenient to operate with, and it is convenient with storage to carry, and securely and reliably, improves the working efficiency of user.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to hand-operated tools technical fields, more particularly to a kind of combined sleeve spanner.
Background technology
Box spanner is by multiple sleeves with hexagon ring or 12 corner apertures and equipped with multiple accessories groups such as handle, extension bars
At, especially suitable for twist status it is very narrow or recess very deep bolt or nut.Box spanner generally all has a set of
The collet head of various specifications and handle of waving, extension bar, universal joint, driver connector, elbow handle etc. are used for being inserted in hexagonal (hexagon)nut.
The collet head of box spanner is a recessed hexagonal cylinder, and spanner is usually made of carbon structural steels or structural alloy steel, pulls
There is defined hardness, intermediate and handle portion then to have elasticity in portion at hand.Sleeve is divided into metric system and English system, sleeve although interior
Concave shape is the same, but outer diameter, length etc. are designed for the shape and size for corresponding to equipment, and country does not have Uniform provisions, institute
It is comparatively relatively more flexible with the design of sleeve, meet public needs.
However, usually a kind of sleeve of specification of existing box spanner can only twist the bolt and nut of corresponding specification, to
Twist the bolt and nut of plurality of specifications, it is necessary to the box spanner of plurality of specifications is equipped with, for needing the bolt and nut of plurality of specifications
Workplace, to carrying tool and operation construction bring inconvenience.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, and providing one kind can be suitable for
The bolt and nut for twisting plurality of specifications, to have a wide range of application, it is flexible, convenient to operate with, and carries, safety convenient with storage
Reliably, the combined sleeve spanner of the working efficiency of user is greatly improved.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of combined sleeve spanner, including handle and sleeve assembly are designed, wherein sleeve assembly includes outer sleeve and is set with successively
In multiple inner sleeves in outer sleeve, connected by unidirectional torsion actuator between the handle end and outer sleeve surface middle part
Connect, which includes the outer ratchet ring and inner ratchet ring of inside and outside matching suit in an axial direction, wherein inner ratchet ring with
Outer sleeve is fixedly connected, and radially and inwardly equipped with boss, the boss medial surface is corresponding to inner ratchet ring for outer ratchet ring one end
It is corresponding with outer ratchet ring one end end face where boss by set cyclic annular ratchet axially matching engagement between end face, outside
Sleeve surface is equipped with axial limiting part, and flexible connector is equipped between the axial limiting part and corresponding outer ratchet ring end face；
The outer sleeve and each inner sleeve are fitted together by opposite sliding and detent mechanism.
Preferably, in said combination box spanner, the sliding relatively and detent mechanism include positioning limit journey pin and determine
Position spring limits journey pin relative to positioning, is extended transversely through on most inner side inner sleeve equipped with mounting hole, in remaining inner sleeve and housing
The unilateral side of cylinder is correspondingly provided with axial slide through both sides, and positioning limit journey pin is threaded through mounting hole and unilateral each axial direction successively
In sliding slot, retaining spring is sleeved on positioning limit journey pin, and between the both sides inner wall of most inner side inner sleeve.
Preferably, in said combination box spanner, positioning limit journey pin inner end is equipped with boss, and outer end is equipped with card
Ring, the boss are resisted against on the side inner wall mounting hole of most inner side inner sleeve, snap ring Matching installation axial slide on outer sleeve
In set step groove, retaining spring is mounted on the other side inner wall of boss and most inner side inner sleeve set by positioning limit journey pin inside
Between mounting hole；Snap ring and retaining spring set by journey pin outer end are limited by positioning to be pressed on the unilateral side of outer sleeve and each inner sleeve
Together.
Preferably, in said combination box spanner, the axial slide and step groove are oval hole slot.
Preferably, in said combination box spanner, the axial limiting part is snap ring, and the snap ring Matching installation is in housing
In annular groove set by cylinder surface, and flexible connector is pressed on the corresponding end-faces of outer ratchet ring.
Preferably, in said combination box spanner, the flexible connector is spring washer.
Preferably, in said combination box spanner, the outer sleeve is identical with the length of each inner sleeve.
Preferably, in said combination box spanner, the both ends of the handle are respectively equipped with one group of sleeve assembly.
Preferably, in said combination box spanner, the specification of the sleeve assembly at the handle both ends is configured to intersect
The configuration of interval specification.
The advantageous effects of technical solution of the present invention are：
Combined sleeve spanner of the present invention is due to the effect of positioning limit journey pin and retaining spring, and the inside and outside sleeve of phase intussusception is after sliding
It can be positioned, retaining spring primarily serves axial positioning action after the opposite sliding of each sleeve, and positioning limit journey pin can then rise
To the positioning action limited in tightening operation between each sleeve along axis relative rotation, each inner sleeve in outer sleeve, equal energy
It under thrust, slides from one end to the other end, one end of combined sleeve is to tighten function and the other end is to unscrew function.Make
With in the process only need to be by the appropriate firmly pressure correspondings with the hexagonal of bolt or nut of the hexagonal socket of spanner, less than bolt and nut
The hexagonal socket of specification slides into Inner, and the hexagonal socket being adapted with bolt and nut specification coordinates with bolt and nut,
Under the action of handle, have the function that tighten or looser a bolt nut.To be conducive to the bolt and nut to multiple same specifications
It carries out twisting operation, realizes that kit can twist the function of plurality of specifications bolt and nut.It is thus simple in structure, operate with spirit
It is living, convenient, and carry with storage conveniently, securely and reliably, greatly improve the working efficiency of user.
Moreover, the present invention, when assembling sleeve, during the snap ring of installation outside, retaining spring provides pretightning force,
The side of each sleeve is set to mutually compress realization relative positioning.Unidirectional torsion actuator includes cyclic annular ratchet set by vertical contact face
The outer ratchet ring and inner ratchet ring of engagement are matched, the driver along specific direction by handle when rotating application external force then to set
Cartridge module provides unidirectional torsion, has the function that tighten or looser a bolt nut, and reversely rotates backhaul and do not provide torsion then, returns
Nut of tightening or looser a bolt again is rotated along specific direction again after journey, so, is not had to relative to bolt and nut repeatedly
It puts under set, tightened or is unscrewed, it is flexible, convenient to operate with, securely and reliably, greatly improve the work effect of user
Rate.In addition, axially matching engagement is driven by cyclic annular ratchet set by vertical contact face for outer ratchet ring and inner ratchet ring, it should
Ratchet can be distributed closeer, and the ratchet number of teeth is more, and tooth pitch is smaller, and all ratchets of ratchet stress simultaneously, ratchet is wear-resistant, uses the longevity
Life length, and ratchet revolution reset angle is smaller, is more suitable for operating in small space.
In addition, combined sleeve spanner of the present invention can gather two sets of bolt spiral shells that can twist plurality of specifications at its handle both ends
Female combined sleeve, the function of plurality of specifications nut can be twisted by realizing kit, and easy to carry, simple operation reaches
Multi-purpose function improves the working efficiency of user.Moreover, handle both ends combined sleeve can be transpostion interval arranged,
The thickness and its mechanical strength that each sleeve can be increased are conducive to the torque for increasing combined sleeve spanner, and then can improve group
Close the service life of spanner.Thus it is suitable for promotion and implementation.
Description of the drawings
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein：
Fig. 1 is one of the structural schematic diagram of combined sleeve spanner of the present invention（Clearly to express, broken section is used）；
Fig. 2 is the section view enlarged structure schematic diagram of unidirectional torsion actuator shown in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the end structure illustration of inner ratchet ring shown in Fig. 2（If cyclic annular ratchet end）；
Fig. 4 is sleeve assembly shown in Fig. 1 and the structural schematic diagram of opposite sliding and detent mechanism；
Fig. 5 is A-A section views enlarged structure schematic diagram shown in Fig. 4；
Fig. 6 is B-B section views enlarged structure schematic diagram shown in Fig. 4（Rotate clockwise 90 degree）；
Fig. 7 is the second structural representation of combined sleeve spanner of the present invention；
Serial number in figure：100, handle；
200, sleeve assembly；
201, outer sleeve, 202, inner sleeve, 203, annular groove；
300, unidirectional torsion actuator；
301, outer ratchet ring, 302, inner ratchet ring, 303, snap ring, 304, spring washer, 305, boss, 306, cyclic annular ratchet；
400, opposite sliding and detent mechanism；
401, positioning limit journey pin, 402, retaining spring, 403, mounting hole, 404, axial slide, 405, boss, 406, snap ring,
407, step groove.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with the attached drawing in the present invention, technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly completely described, and is shown
Right described embodiment is only the schematical part specific implementation mode of the present invention, is not limited to the scope of the present invention,
The equivalent variations and modification that any those skilled in the art is made under the premise of not departing from present inventive concept and principle,
The scope of protection of the invention should be belonged to.
Embodiment one：
Referring to Fig. 1, in figure, combined sleeve spanner of the present invention, including handle 100 and sleeve assembly 200, for connecting handle end
With outer sleeve surface in the middle part of between unidirectional torsion actuator 300, and for outer sleeve it is opposite with each inner sleeve slide and calmly
The opposite sliding of position and detent mechanism 400 etc..Outer sleeve and each inner sleeve are fitted together by opposite sliding and detent mechanism,
Outer sleeve is identical with the length of each inner sleeve.
Referring to figure 2-3, in figure, unidirectional torsion actuator 300 includes 301 He of outer ratchet ring of inside and outside matching suit in an axial direction
Inner ratchet ring 302, wherein inner ratchet ring are fixedly connected with outer sleeve 201, and outer ratchet ring one end is radially and inwardly equipped with convex
Platform 305 is engaged between the boss medial surface and inner ratchet ring corresponding end-faces by the 306 axial matching of set cyclic annular ratchet, and convex
Platform position limit journey pin outer ratchet ring one end end face it is corresponding, in outer sleeve surface be equipped with snap ring 303, in snap ring and phase
Between the outer ratchet ring end face answered while being equipped with spring washer 304.The snap ring of the snap ring Matching installation set by outer sleeve surface
In slot 203, and spring washer is pressed on the corresponding end-faces of outer ratchet ring.
Referring to Fig. 4-6, in figure, sleeve assembly 200 includes outer sleeve 201 and covers the multiple inner sleeves being laminated in outer sleeve successively
Cylinder 202.Opposite sliding and detent mechanism 400 include positioning limit journey pin 401 and retaining spring 402, and journey pin is limited relative to positioning,
It is extended transversely through on most inner side inner sleeve equipped with mounting hole 403, axial cunning is correspondingly provided in the unilateral side of remaining inner sleeve and outer sleeve
Slot 404, positioning limit journey pin are threaded through successively in mounting hole 403 and unilateral each axial slide 404, and retaining spring is sleeved on positioning
It limits on journey pin, and between the both sides inner wall of most inner side inner sleeve.Positioning limit journey pin inner end is equipped with boss 405, and outer end is set
There is snap ring 406, which is resisted against on the side inner wall mounting hole of most inner side inner sleeve, snap ring Matching installation axis on outer sleeve
Into the step groove 407 set by sliding slot, retaining spring is mounted on boss 405 and most inner side inner sleeve set by positioning limit journey pin inside
Other side inner wall mounting hole between；By snap ring 406 and retaining spring 402 set by positioning limit journey pin outer end by outer sleeve and respectively
The unilateral side of inner sleeve is pressed together.When being assembled sleeve, on the outside of installation during snap ring, retaining spring provides pre-
Clamp force makes the side of each sleeve mutually compress positioning.Axial slide and step groove are oval hole slot.
When specifically used, the specification of sleeve that a combination thereof sleeve is included and direction is twisted, outer sleeve can be labeled in
Outer surface.Specification limit appropriate can also be designed according to practical ranges.
Embodiment two：
Referring to Fig. 7, the present embodiment is similar to one structure of embodiment, identical number identical, the phase in the two structure that represents meaning in figure
It is no longer repeated herein with part, difference lies in：The both ends of handle 100 contained by the present embodiment are respectively equipped with one group of sleeve assembly
200, and the specification of the sleeve assembly 200 at 100 both ends of handle is configured to the interval specification configuration that intersects.Such as：A set of combination
If box spanner designs the bolt for being applicable in these specifications of 10mm, 11mm, 12mm, 14mm, 15mm, 17mm, 19mm, 22mm, 24mm
Nut, the arrangement specification of the hexagon combined sleeve of handle one end from the inside to the outside can be 10mm, 12mm, 14mm, 16mm,
22mm, and the arrangement specification of the hexagon combined sleeve of the handle other end from the inside to the outside be then 11mm, 13mm, 15mm, 19mm,
24mm, the specification of the sleeve assembly at handle both ends configure to be formed intersect be alternatively arranged arrangement.The present embodiment is relative to implementation
Example one can increase the thickness and its mechanical strength of each sleeve in sleeve assembly, be conducive to the torsion for increasing combined sleeve spanner
Square, to improve the service life of combination wrench.
Actual use and operating process explanation：Such as the specification of combined sleeve spanner be 10mm, 11mm, 12mm, 13mm,
The combined sleeve spanner of 14mm, 15mm, 17mm, 19mm, 22mm, 24mm specification, being will be between the hexagonal socket of this 10 specifications
It is divided into two groups every a specification, by small dimension to big specification, is arranged from innermost layer to outermost sequence, two groups of combination hexagonal sets
Cylinder is mounted on handle both ends by unidirectional torsion actuator 300 respectively.It should be according to bolt and nut to be twisted in actual use
Specification selects compliant sleeve compatible with bolt and nut to be twisted from combined sleeve spanner and twists direction again, here with
It is for the bolt and nut of 12mm specifications, the hexagonal of the sleeve comprising 12mm specifications is corresponding with the hexagonal of bolt and nut, suitably
Sleeve is firmly depressed, the hexagonal socket less than the 10mm specifications of bolt and nut specification heads into set by the bolt and nut of 12mm specifications
Cylinder is internal, and 12mm bolt and nuts are adapted with the sleeve of corresponding specification, and bolt and nut can be twisted by this moment pulling handle.Due to fixed
The effect of position limit journey pin and retaining spring, the sleeve after sliding are positioned, and are conducive to carry out the bolt and nut of multiple same specifications
Twist operation.The twisting for bolt and nut of other specifications is operated also referring to above procedure.Thus combined sleeve spanner of the present invention,
Realize that kit can twist the function of plurality of specifications bolt and nut, it is easy to carry, it is simple to operation, improve the work of user
Efficiency.
Embodiment three, four：
The present embodiment figure is not drawn into.The present embodiment three, four is similar to embodiment one, two structures respectively, and same section exists in structure
This is no longer repeated, difference lies in：The present embodiment three, four limits journey pin relative to positioning, is passed through on remaining inner sleeve and outer sleeve
It wears both sides and is correspondingly provided with axial slide, retaining spring is sleeved on positioning limit journey pin, and is threaded through successively together with positioning limit journey pin
In mounting hole and each axial slide of unilateral side.
The present embodiment is respectively relative to embodiment one, two, in remaining inner sleeve and outer sleeve in addition to most inner side inner sleeve
Upper to be correspondingly provided with axial slide through both sides, retaining spring set can be threaded through mounting hole and unilateral side successively together with positioning limit journey pin
Each axial slide in, be correspondingly provided with axial slide in the unilateral side of remaining inner sleeve and outer sleeve relative to embodiment one, two, this
On the one hand embodiment then improves the versatilities of parts, on the other hand then assemble it is more convenient, quick, using more convenient.
Each embodiment is described by the way of progressive in this specification, what each embodiment stressed be and its
The difference of its embodiment, identical similar part is cross-referenced between each embodiment.
To the above description of disclosed embodiment, those skilled in the art is enable to realize or use the present invention.To these
The many places modification of embodiment is apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be
Under the premise of the spirit or scope for not departing from invention, realize in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention will be not limited to this paper institutes
These embodiments of display, and it is to fit to the widest range consistent with principles disclosed herein and features of novelty.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of combined sleeve spanner, including handle and sleeve assembly, wherein sleeve assembly include outer sleeve and are set in successively
Multiple inner sleeves in outer sleeve, it is characterized in that：It is driven by unidirectional torsion between in the middle part of the handle end and outer sleeve surface
Device connection is moved, which includes the outer ratchet ring and inner ratchet ring of inside and outside matching suit in an axial direction, wherein interior spine
Ring gear is fixedly connected with outer sleeve, and outer ratchet ring one end is radially and inwardly equipped with boss, the boss medial surface and interior ratchet
It is opposite with outer ratchet ring one end end face where boss by set cyclic annular ratchet axially matching engagement between ring corresponding end-faces
It answers, axial limiting part is equipped in outer sleeve surface, elasticity is equipped between the axial limiting part and corresponding outer ratchet ring end face
Connector；The outer sleeve and each inner sleeve are fitted together by opposite sliding and detent mechanism.
2. combined sleeve spanner according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：The opposite sliding and detent mechanism include positioning
Journey pin and retaining spring are limited, journey pin is limited relative to positioning, is extended transversely through equipped with mounting hole on most inner side inner sleeve, remaining inner sleeve
And outer sleeve unilateral side or be correspondingly provided with axial slide through both sides, positioning limit journey pin is threaded through mounting hole and unilateral successively
In each axial slide, retaining spring is sleeved on positioning limit journey pin, and between the both sides inner wall of most inner side inner sleeve.
3. combined sleeve spanner according to claim 2, it is characterized in that：Positioning limit journey pin inner end is equipped with boss,
Outer end is equipped with snap ring, which is resisted against on the side inner wall mounting hole of most inner side inner sleeve, and snap ring Matching installation is in outer sleeve
In step groove set by upper axial slide, retaining spring is mounted on boss and most inner side inner sleeve set by positioning limit journey pin inside
Between the inner wall mounting hole of the other side；Snap ring and retaining spring set by journey pin outer end are limited by outer sleeve and each inner sleeve by positioning
Unilateral side is pressed together.
4. combined sleeve spanner according to claim 3, it is characterized in that：The axial slide and step groove are slotted hole
Slot.
5. combined sleeve spanner according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：The axial limiting part is snap ring, the snap ring
With being pressed on the corresponding end-faces of outer ratchet ring in the annular groove set by outer sleeve surface, and by flexible connector.
6. combined sleeve spanner according to claim 5, it is characterized in that：The flexible connector is spring washer.
7. combined sleeve spanner according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：The length phase of the outer sleeve and each inner sleeve
Together.
8. combined sleeve spanner according to any one of claims 1 to 7, it is characterized in that：The both ends of the handle are set respectively
There is one group of sleeve assembly.
9. combined sleeve spanner according to claim 8, it is characterized in that：The specification of the sleeve assembly at the handle both ends is matched
It is set to the interval specification configuration to intersect.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810375939.4A CN108372479A (en) | 2018-04-25 | 2018-04-25 | A kind of combined sleeve spanner |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810375939.4A CN108372479A (en) | 2018-04-25 | 2018-04-25 | A kind of combined sleeve spanner |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108372479A true CN108372479A (en) | 2018-08-07 |
Family
ID=63032771
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810375939.4A Withdrawn CN108372479A (en) | 2018-04-25 | 2018-04-25 | A kind of combined sleeve spanner |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108372479A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111283601A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2020-06-16 | 韩振华 | Combined sleeve |
-
2018
- 2018-04-25 CN CN201810375939.4A patent/CN108372479A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111283601A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2020-06-16 | 韩振华 | Combined sleeve |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication | ||
| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20180807 |