CN108363009A - A method of realizing lithium ion battery maximum allowable power online Prediction - Google Patents
A method of realizing lithium ion battery maximum allowable power online Prediction Download PDFInfo
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- CN108363009A CN108363009A CN201711426112.3A CN201711426112A CN108363009A CN 108363009 A CN108363009 A CN 108363009A CN 201711426112 A CN201711426112 A CN 201711426112A CN 108363009 A CN108363009 A CN 108363009A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of method for realizing lithium ion battery maximum allowable power online Prediction, including：According to the characteristic of lithium ion battery charge and discharge, battery physical model is established, and calculates the state-of-charge and polarizing voltage of battery；Using battery physical model, it is initial exploration electric current with the maximum transient state charge and discharge electric current that battery allows using state-of-charge and polarizing voltage as primary condition, calculates the difference of battery terminal voltage and battery charging and discharging limitation voltage；The difference of voltage is limited according to battery terminal voltage and battery charging and discharging, it is adjusted the increment for souning out electric current, obtain new exploration electric current, by the terminal voltage of battery physical model cycle calculations battery, the condition of the maximum allowable charge-discharge electric power under current working status is calculated until meeting, and realizes that the online of lithium ion battery maximum power state is estimated in real time.The present invention overcomes the problems, such as that maximum allowable charge-discharge electric power estimation is coupled restriction by factors such as operating mode, temperature, state-of-charge and decaying, ensure that estimation precision.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium ion battery charge and discharge electro-technical fields, in particular to for a kind of realization lithium-ion electric
The method that pond maximum allowable power (SOP) real-time online is estimated.
Background technology
One of major function as lithium ion battery management system, maximum allowable power estimate be restriction work electricity
In stream and voltage range, to lithium ion battery, workable maximum charge-discharge electric power is estimated under current working status, is closed
It is the energy management of electric vehicle.Maximum allowable discharge power determines the real-time accelerating performance of electric vehicle, maximum allowable to fill
Electrical power determines the absorbability of brake feedback energy.Maximum allowable power is the stealthy state of lithium ion battery, by operating mode,
The coupling of the factors such as temperature, state-of-charge and decaying restricts, can not be with mathematic(al) representation to its Unify legislation, and correspondence is built
It is vertical need to through a large number of experiments, and precision is difficult to ensure.
Invention content
In view of above-mentioned difficulties, implementation of the invention existing for existing lithium ion battery maximum allowable power evaluation method
A kind of method for realizing real-time online that lithium ion battery maximum allowable power is estimated is provided.
Specific technical solution of the present invention is：First, the physical model for establishing lithium ion battery passes through practical survey
Amount obtains the external behavior parameter under lithium ion battery current state, such as electric current, terminal voltage and temperature, estimates battery charge shape
While state (SOC), battery model polarizing voltage is obtained；Secondly, it is initial with the state-of-charge and polarizing voltage of estimation gained
Condition is initial exploration electric current with the maximum transient state charge and discharge electric current that battery allows, is estimated using charge states of lithium ion battery
Physical model, model parameter and algorithm, calculate the difference of the terminal voltage of battery and battery charging and discharging limitation voltage；Then, it adopts
With observation, using electric current as adjusting parameter, battery terminal voltage is adjustment target, the charge and discharge until approaching above-mentioned lithium ion battery
One of electric current, voltage binding occurrence；Finally, it is lithium ion battery by the product of the charging and discharging currents and voltage that meet above-mentioned condition
Maximum allowable charge-discharge electric power under current working status, and then realize the online pre- in real time of lithium ion battery maximum power state
Estimate.
The step of realization lithium ion battery maximum power predictor method of the present invention, is as follows：
1) according to the characteristic of lithium ion battery charge and discharge, the physical model of lithium ion battery is established, the physical model is by managing
Think voltage source OCV, resistance R1And R2C2The parallel circuit in series of composition forms, as shown in Figure 1, U2For polarizing voltage, C2For pole
Change capacitance, R2For polarization resistance, τ=R2×C2For time constant, I is battery current.The state equation of solving model
And measurement equation：
U0=OCV+U2+R2I (2)
The state-of-charge SOC and polarizing voltage U of battery can be obtained2；
2) with current SOC, U2As the initial guess of state, with maximum transient state charge and discharge electric currentFor examination
Electric current is visited, then solves tsBattery model state equation afterwards, respectively obtains tsBattery is in maximum transient state charge and discharge current excitation afterwards
Under terminal voltage N is maximum iteration)；
3) judge terminal voltageVoltage is limited with charge and dischargeDifference Whether 0, i.e. terminal voltage are more thanWhether it is more than electricity
Pressure limitationIfOrShow the also not up to maximum charging and discharging currents of the power of battery and voltage
Restriction limitation, battery maximum charge-discharge electric power value is at this timeOrMaximum allowable power is estimated
Terminate.IfOrIt then carries out in next step；
4) judge voltage differenceOrIt is 0mV whether to be less than iteration precision ε iteration precision ε absolute value value ranges
~5mV, if meeting condition, battery maximum power value also can be approximately at this timeOrIt is maximum
Power budget is allowed to terminate.If voltage differenceOrIt is unsatisfactory for being less than iteration precision ε, carry out in next step；
5) by voltage differenceInput observer, by observer according to
Calculate electric current adjustment amountWhereinFor design factor,tsFor the electric current Persistent Excitation time.With electric currentThe exploration electric current of step 2) is updated, then solves tsAfterwards
Battery model state equation, respectively obtain tsTerminal voltage of the battery in the case where souning out current excitation afterwardsContinue step 3
~step 5, until meetingAndOrAndAnd calculate maximum allowable charge-discharge electric powerAnd
6) if above-mentioned steps cannot meetAndOrAndAnd loop iteration number
K ＞ n, then be considered as estimation failure, and end loop iteration evades endless loop.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
According to the method for the present invention, in the real work operating mode of lithium ion battery (including battery cell and battery pack),
Using observer method, required model, parameter and algorithm are estimated using battery charge state (SOC), its estimation result is made
It is to restrict with maximum charge and discharge transient current and charge and discharge limitation voltage for the initial value of maximum allowable power state (SOP) estimation
Condition is adjusting parameter by electric current, and battery terminal voltage is adjustment target, and real-time online estimates the maximum allowable of lithium ion battery
Charge-discharge electric power overcomes maximum allowable charge-discharge electric power estimation and is coupled by factors such as operating mode, temperature, state-of-charge and decaying
The problem of restriction, and ensure that the precision of estimation.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the equivalent circuit diagram of ternary lithium ion battery；
Fig. 2 is battery first order modeling simulink illustratons of model；
Fig. 3 is observer simulink illustratons of model；
Fig. 4 is real-time calculating maximum power flow chart；
Fig. 5 is that maximum power estimates calculating result figure.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiment and attached drawing, the present invention will be described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to this.
With ternary lithium ion battery (25 ampere-hour), current margin is 0A~75A, and operating voltage is that 3.0V~4.2V is
Example, as shown in figure 4, the step in the present embodiment is as follows：
1) according to the characteristic of lithium ion battery charge and discharge, the physical model of lithium ion battery is established, the physical model is by managing
Think voltage source OCV, resistance R1And R2C2The parallel circuit in series of composition forms, as shown in Figure 1.Wherein, ohmic internal resistance R1, pole
Change resistance R2, polarization capacity C2, timeconstantτ=R2×C2, U0For battery terminal voltage, I is electric current.The state equation of solving model
And measurement equation：
U0=OCV+U2+R2I (2)
The state-of-charge SOC and polarizing voltage U of battery can be obtained2；
2) in charge or discharge maximum power under calculating current state, two can be divided into according to the difference of state-of-charge
Section does not limit power section and limit power section, chooses the calculating process of a state in different segmentations respectively to illustrate.
Example 1：Choose current SOC=14%, U2=0V calculates the maximum power that charges at this time as state variable initial value, with
Maximum transient charging current (75A) is to sound out electric current initial value, utilizes the battery single order equivalent circuit simulink models built, meter
Calculate the terminal voltage of the battery after souning out charging current Persistent Excitation 10sN is greatest iteration time
Number).
Simulink models are as shown in Fig. 2, include：Input module 1 is used for providing real-time input current, constant module 2
In RC circuit both end voltages U is set separately2With state-of-charge SOC initial values, integrator module 3 is respectively used to calculate RC circuits two
Terminal voltage U2With state-of-charge SOC.Computing module 4 is assisted, is calculated for battery model measurement equation auxiliary, indicates bi.Export mould
Block 5 calculates terminal voltage value for exporting.Remaining is State Equation Coefficients module, is obtained by measurement equation and state equation simultaneous
It arrives, for indicating the relationship between input quantity output quantity and state variable, in figure：
A2=0 (being omitted in figure),C1=1, C2=ai, D=R1；Wherein, ohm
Internal resistance R1, polarization resistance R2, polarization capacity C2, timeconstantτ=R2×C2, ηiFor coulomb coefficient, CnFor battery nominal capacity, ai
It is segmented slope coefficient, b for state-of-charge SOC and open-circuit voltage OCV piece-wise linearizationsiFor state-of-charge and open-circuit voltage segmented line
Propertyization is segmented intercept coefficient.
Judge the difference of the terminal voltage obtained at this time and charging limitation voltage 4.2V,
Difference is less than zero, then shows that the power of battery is also not up to the restriction limitation of maximum charging current and voltage, battery maximum is filled at this time
Electric power value isI.e.
Example 2：Choose current SOC=14%, U2=0V calculates maximum power of discharging at this time as state variable initial value, with
Maximum spark electric current (- 75A) is to sound out discharge current initial value, utilizes the battery single order equivalent circuit simulink moulds built
Type calculates the terminal voltage of the battery after souning out discharge current Persistent Excitation 10sN changes for maximum
Generation number)；
1) judge the difference of the terminal voltage obtained at this time and electric discharge limitation voltage 3.0V,
Difference is more than zero, then carries out in next step；
2) judge voltage differenceWhether iteration precision ε=0.05mV, voltage difference are less thanIt is discontented
Foot is less than iteration precision ε=0.05mV, carries out in next step；
3) by voltage differenceInput observer, by observer according to
Observer simulink illustratons of model as shown in figure 3, including：Input module 1 for provide real-time terminal voltage with
Difference DELTA U between voltage limitk.Coefficient module 2 is used to indicate the observer coefficient ξ of design1、ξ2.Output module 3 is used for
The electric current adjustment amount Δ I that output is calculated by observationk+1。
Calculate electric current adjustment amountWhereinFor design factor, duration
ts=10s.With discharge currentThe exploration discharge current of step 2 is updated, then solves the battery model shape after 10s
State equation respectively obtains terminal voltage of the battery in the case where souning out discharge current excitation after 10sContinue step 1~step 3, until
MeetOrDischarge current is soundd out at this timeAnd calculate maximum allowable discharge powerI.e.
Example 3：With current SOC=80%, U2=0 is used as state variable initial value, the maximum power that charges at this time is calculated, with maximum
Transient charging current (75A) is to sound out electric current initial value, using the battery single order equivalent circuit simulink models built, is calculated
The terminal voltage of battery after exploration charging current Persistent Excitation 10sN is maximum iteration)；
1) judge the difference of the terminal voltage obtained at this time and charging limitation voltage 4.2V,
Difference is more than zero, then carries out in next step；
2) judge voltage differenceWhether iteration precision ε=0.05mV, voltage difference are less thanIt is discontented
Foot is less than iteration precision ε=0.05mV, carries out in next step；
3) by voltage differenceInput observer, by observer according to
Calculate electric current adjustment amountWhereinFor design factor, duration
ts=10s.With charging currentThe exploration electric current of step 2 is updated, then solves the battery model state side after 10s
Journey respectively obtains terminal voltage of the battery in the case where souning out charging current excitation after 10sContinue step 1~step 3, until meetingOrCharging current is soundd out at this timeAnd calculate maximum allowable discharge powerI.e.
Example 4：With current SOC=80%, U2=0V calculates maximum power of discharging at this time, with most as state variable initial value
Big spark electric current (- 75A) is to sound out discharge current initial value, utilizes the battery single order equivalent circuit simulink moulds built
Type calculates the terminal voltage of the battery after souning out discharge current Persistent Excitation 10sN changes for maximum
Generation number)；
Judge the difference of the terminal voltage obtained at this time and electric discharge limitation voltage 3.0V,
Difference is less than zero, then shows the restriction limitation of the power of battery also not up to maximum charging and discharging currents and voltage, battery is maximum at this time
Discharge power value isI.e.
It can be found in above four examples under different state-of-charges and the case where accordingly meeting carry out charge or discharge
Maximum power value is estimated.Result of calculation such as Fig. 5 institutes that charge or discharge maximum power value is estimated are carried out under different state-of-charges
Show.
The foregoing is merely the preferable implementation examples of the present invention, are not intended to restrict the invention, it is all in spirit of that invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method for realizing lithium ion battery maximum allowable power online Prediction, which is characterized in that including：
According to the characteristic of lithium ion battery charge and discharge, battery physical model is established, is worked as using the practical acquisition lithium ion battery that measures
External behavior parameter under preceding state, such as electric current, terminal voltage and temperature estimate the state-of-charge and polarizing voltage of battery；
Allowed most with battery using the state-of-charge of estimation gained and polarizing voltage as primary condition using battery physical model
Big transient state charge and discharge electric current is initial exploration electric current, calculates the difference of battery terminal voltage and battery charging and discharging limitation voltage；
The difference that voltage is limited according to battery terminal voltage and battery charging and discharging, is adjusted the increment for souning out electric current, obtains new
Electric current is soundd out, by the terminal voltage of battery physical model cycle calculations battery, until meeting the maximum calculated under current working status
Allow the condition of charge-discharge electric power, realizes that the online of lithium ion battery maximum power state is estimated in real time.
2. the method for realizing lithium ion battery maximum allowable power online Prediction as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
The battery physical model stated is by voltage source OCV, resistance R1And polarization resistance R2, polarization capacity C2The parallel circuit in series of composition
It forms, is corresponding with state equation：
And measurement equation：
U0=OCV+U2+R2I
Wherein, U2For polarizing voltage, C2For polarization capacity, R2For polarization resistance, τ=R2×C2For time constant, I is battery electricity
Stream, SOC is battery charge state, U0For battery terminal voltage, OCV is battery open circuit voltage, R1For ohmic internal resistance resistance, ηiFor library
Human relations coefficient, CnFor battery nominal capacity.
3. the method for realizing lithium ion battery maximum allowable power online Prediction as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that meter
It calculates battery terminal voltage and the specific algorithm of the difference of battery charging and discharging limitation voltage is：
Wherein,Respectively battery charging upper limit voltage and electric discharge lower voltage limit,It is battery in charge and discharge
Electric kth time sounds out electric current Persistent Excitation tsUnder second, the battery terminal voltage that is obtained by battery physical model calculating.
4. the method for realizing lithium ion battery maximum allowable power online Prediction as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that k
Value range is 1 to n positive integer, and n values are 1000, tsValue 1~50 second.
5. the method for realizing lithium ion battery maximum allowable power online Prediction as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that adjust
It is whole sound out electric current delta algorithm be：
Wherein,The increment of electric current is soundd out for kth time charge and discharge,To sound out current increment
Design factor,tsFor the electric current Persistent Excitation time.
6. the method for realizing lithium ion battery maximum allowable power online Prediction as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that new
Exploration electric current be：
WhereinRespectively maximum transient state charge and discharge electric current.
7. the method for realizing lithium ion battery maximum allowable power online Prediction as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that meter
It calculates and obtains one of the condition of maximum allowable charge-discharge electric power under current working status and be：
WithTo sound out electric current, the battery terminal voltage being calculatedVoltage is limited with charge and dischargeDifferenceLess than 0.
8. the method for realizing lithium ion battery maximum allowable power online Prediction as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that meter
Calculate the condition for obtaining maximum allowable charge-discharge electric power under current working status two are：
To sound out electric currentCalculate voltage differenceOrAbsolute value be less than iteration precision ε, iteration precision ε is absolute
Value value range is 0mV~5mV.
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| CN109284563A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-29 | 桑顿新能源科技有限公司 | It is a kind of about peak value and continuous power switching BMS to battery system SOP evaluation method |
| CN109446584A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-03-08 | 桑顿新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of SOP evaluation method of battery management system to battery core Cross prevention |
| CN109709489A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-05-03 | 北京经纬恒润科技有限公司 | A kind of method and system calculating power of battery limit value |
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