CN108362819B - Method for predicting cigarette burning rate based on detection of flow field distribution - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for predicting cigarette burning rate based on detection of flow field distribution, which comprises the steps of measuring the air flow of a burning cone end when a cigarette sample is sucked by using a flow detection device; measuring the burning rate of the cigarette sample under the corresponding suction sequence by using a burning rate detection device; taking the air flow of the combustion cone end of the cigarette sample as an independent variable x and the combustion rate y as a dependent variable to obtain a regression equation of the prediction model; and (3) after measuring the air flow of the combustion cone end when the cigarette is smoked, substituting the air flow into the prediction model to obtain the predicted combustion rate of the cigarette. The experimental process for measuring the cigarette combustion characteristic parameters is simplified; a basic detection method of the combustion rate is supplemented, and unstable factors in the combustion rate measurement are reduced; the data processing process in the burning rate detection method is simplified. Can provide basic data for further guiding the research of cigarette materials, the analysis of cigarette burning and smoking mechanisms and the design of cigarette materials, and has strong practicability and wide applicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for predicting the burning rate of cigarettes, in particular to a method for predicting the burning rate of cigarettes based on detection of flow field distribution.
Background
With the gradual enhancement of the work intensity of the tar reduction and the tar control of the cigarettes, a test project which needs further research is not covered by a test project and a method which are specified internationally, wherein the burning speed of the cigarettes becomes a prominent item to be researched due to the contribution of the burning speed to the tar release of the cigarettes.
Currently, the burning rate of cigarettes is mainly focused on smoldering rate (the average rate at which the burning line advances in the axial direction when the cigarette is not smoked), and is less studied in terms of the characterization of the instantaneous burning rate.
CN203758946U discloses a device for measuring the burning rate of cigarette, which can track the quality change of the burning cigarette, and at the same time collect the smoke, and calculate the burning quality loss rate of cigarette according to the measured related data.
CN106324181A collects the temperature distribution data of the combustion cone when the cigarette burns, and the internal temperature of the combustion cone is taken as the characteristic temperature T0.5Point movement situation ofThe cigarette transient combustion rate is characterized.
The CN105527371A disclosed in the laboratory captures a signal of starting to suck by a cigarette suction system through a synchronous trigger device and transmits the signal to the controller, and the controller commands the signal processing module and the image acquisition system to start execution and calculates the burning rate by taking a cigarette burning carbon line as a reference target.
However, the raw material composition, the characteristics of auxiliary materials, the loose structure in the cigarette, the irregularity of temperature distribution and the fast gas flow rate of the cigarette can all influence the burning rate, so that the work of measuring the burning rate has great guiding significance, and therefore, more establishment of a cigarette burning rate detection method is necessary and can supplement the method.
In the burning and smoking process of the cigarette, the mainstream smoke mainly enters from three areas, namely a cigarette burning end, a cigarette paper section of a cigarette main body and a filter tip section with filter tip ventilation. With the development of smoking, health and low-tar and low-harm cigarettes, tobacco enterprises seek low-tar cigarette technology in many cases, and the technology for reducing smoke tar is applied to both changing the air permeability of cigarette paper and changing the ventilation degree of cigarette filters so far.
In essence, what is finally changed by adjusting the factors such as auxiliary materials and the like is the air intake amount of each section of the cigarette, thereby influencing the cigarette combustion characteristic parameters, which are the most important cigarette combustion characteristic parameters, and the combustion rate is also closely related to the air flow distribution of the cigarette. Therefore, the method for predicting the combustion rate by the cigarette flow field distribution detection technology is feasible.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a prediction method for rapidly predicting the cigarette combustion rate based on a flow field distribution detection technology.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
a method for predicting cigarette burning rate based on detecting flow field distribution comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring the air flow of the combustion cone end when the cigarette sample is sucked by using a flow detection device;
s2, measuring the burning rate of the cigarette sample under the corresponding suction opening sequence by using a burning rate detection device, and recording the burning rate value as y;
s3, regression analysis: taking the air flow at the combustion cone end of the cigarette sample as an independent variable x and the combustion rate y as a dependent variable to obtain a regression equation y-b of the cigarette combustion rate prediction model2x2+b1x+c；
S4, predicting the cigarette burning rate: and (3) after measuring the air flow of the combustion cone end when the cigarette is smoked, substituting the air flow into the prediction model to obtain the predicted combustion rate of the cigarette.
The flow detection device comprises a cigarette paper section cavity, a filter section cavity, a cavity, side holes, a baffle, a sealing ring, a flow measurement component and a cigarette holder with a through hole;
the inner side end of the through hole is fixed with cigarettes, and the outer side end is connected with a suction machine;
the inner side of the cigarette holder is connected with a cavity, and the cavity is divided into a cigarette paper section cavity and a filter tip section cavity by a clamping ring in cooperation with a cigarette; the outer walls of the two sections of cavities are telescopic walls and are respectively connected with a flow measurement component through side holes; the end of the cigarette paper segment cavity is provided with a baffle, and the inner ring of the baffle is provided with a sealing ring contacted with the cigarette.
The combustion rate detection device comprises a control module, a data processing module and an image acquisition module, wherein the image acquisition module is a camera;
the control module is connected with the smoking machine, receives a smoking signal of the smoking machine and controls the camera to collect an image of the cigarette during burning; the data processing module records and processes the acquired image and outputs a data result.
The cigarette sample is smoked for 1-3 s.
Further, the frequency of the shooting of the camera is 30-70 Hz.
The cigarette samples comprise mixed type and flue-cured tobacco type.
The cigarette sample comprises any circumference, length, filter tip ventilation degree and cigarette paper segment ventilation degree.
Coefficient of the above model b1、b2And c, calculating values by using PASW Statistics software.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention discloses a method for predicting cigarette burning rate based on detection of flow field distribution, which is characterized in that regression analysis is carried out on the measured air flow and burning rate of a burning cone end in the smoking process of cigarettes with various specifications to obtain a prediction model of the cigarette burning rate. For an unknown cigarette sample, the combustion rate value can be obtained by measuring the air flow of the combustion cone end of the cigarette and utilizing a prediction model.
The method for predicting the cigarette burning rate based on the detection of the flow field distribution simplifies the experimental process of cigarette burning characteristic parameter determination, and the burning rate can be obtained by determining the flow field distribution, namely, two groups of data of air flow and burning rate can be obtained by one group of flow field distribution experiments; a basic detection method of the supplementary burning rate, and the method can reduce the unstable factor in the burning rate measurement; the data processing process in the traditional burning rate detection method is simplified. Can provide basic data for further guiding the research of cigarette materials, the analysis of cigarette burning and smoking mechanisms and the design of cigarette materials, and has strong practicability and wide applicability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a flow rate detection device according to the present invention.
The designations in the drawings have the following meanings: 1. cigarette paper section cavity, 2, filter section cavity, 3, cavity, 4, side hole, 5, baffle, 6, sealing washer, 7, flow measurement part, 8, cigarette holder, 9, cigarette.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments.
The burn rate of the present invention refers to the instantaneous burn rate over the duration of a cigarette's puff in different puff patterns.
The burning rate detecting device used in the present invention was spontaneously developed by this company (CN 105527371A).
A method for predicting cigarette burning rate based on detecting flow field distribution comprises the following steps:
b1, sampling: and (3) balancing and selecting the cigarette sample by using the conditions specified in GB/T16447-2004 atmospheric environment for regulating and testing tobacco and tobacco products for collecting flow field distribution and combustion rate under different suction sequences.
The cigarette samples comprise blended cigarette samples or flue-cured cigarette samples with any circumference, any length, any filter tip ventilation degree and any cigarette paper segment ventilation degree.
And B2, measuring the air flow of the combustion cone end when the cigarette sample is sucked by using the flow detection device.
As shown in the attached figure 1, the flow detection device comprises a cigarette paper section cavity, a filter section cavity, a cavity, side holes, a baffle plate, a sealing ring, a flow measurement component and a cigarette holder with a through hole;
the inner side end of the through hole is fixed with cigarettes, and the outer side end is connected with a suction machine;
the inner side of the cigarette holder is connected with a cavity, and the cavity is divided into a cigarette paper section cavity and a filter tip section cavity by a clamping ring in cooperation with a cigarette; the outer walls of the two sections of cavities are telescopic walls and are respectively connected with a flow measurement component through side holes; the end of the cigarette paper segment cavity is provided with a baffle, and the inner ring of the baffle is provided with a sealing ring contacted with the cigarette.
The measurement process comprises the following steps: adopting a flow detection device to carry out suction in an ISO mode (35mL) on a pore channel suction machine, selecting a proper sealing ring according to the circumference of a cigarette according to the length of a cigarette filter stick and the length of a cigarette paper segment under a corresponding suction opening order, and enabling the two segments of cavities to form a sealed air chamber; calibrating the return-to-zero flow measurement component, igniting the cigarettes, and starting the cigarette suction machine to suck; reading the reading of the flow measuring component to obtain the air flow V entering the cigarette paper section1And air flow V into the filter section2Combining the total suction volume V of the suction end, using the formula V3＝V-V1-V2Obtaining the air flow V entering the combustion cone end of the cigarette3。
And B3, measuring the burning rate of the cigarette sample in the corresponding suction opening sequence by using a burning rate detection device, and recording the burning rate value as y.
The burning rate detection device comprises a control module, a data processing module and a high-speed camera (the acquisition frequency is 50 Hz); the control module is connected with the smoking machine, receives a smoking signal of the smoking machine and controls the camera to collect an image of the cigarette during burning; the data processing module records and processes the acquired image and outputs a data result.
And (3) detection process: shooting parameters of the high-speed camera, such as shooting frequency, exposure, and the like, are set in the control module in advance. Inputting cigarette information to be tested in the software of a smoking machine and the software (data processing module) for measuring the burning speed of the cigarette, and selecting a fixed length or a fixed number of suction openings for testing; after the information input is finished, clicking the 'start test' on the cigarette burning speed measuring software and the 'start smoking' on the smoking machine software in sequence, and immediately opening the cigarette lighter to ignite the cigarette.
And when the cigarette burns to a set length or a set number of mouths, the test is finished, and the test result is inquired in the cigarette burning speed determination software. The output result can display the instantaneous smoking and smoldering speed of the cigarette burning, and can also calculate the average smoking and smoldering speed of each mouth of the cigarette and the whole cigarette.
B4, regression analysis: taking the air flow at the combustion cone end of the cigarette sample as an independent variable x and the combustion rate y as a dependent variable to obtain a regression equation y-b of the cigarette combustion rate prediction model2x2+b1x+c。
Using PASW Statistics software to calculate values, the following table 1 is obtained:
TABLE 1 regression equation R of combustion cone air flow and combustion rate2And model coefficients
As can be seen from Table 1, R is20.990 shows that the combustion cone air flow rate and the combustion rate have obvious correlation, and the regression equation y of the combustion cone air flow rate and the combustion cone air flow rate is 8.51x2-370.65x+4773.93(R2＝0.990)。
The analysis of variance results show that the regression equation reaches a very significant level (p <0.0001), i.e., the regression equation can be predicted to be used as a relatively ideal prediction model.
B5, predicting the cigarette combustion intensity: and (3) after measuring the air flow of the combustion cone end when the cigarette is smoked, substituting the air flow into the prediction model to obtain the predicted combustion rate of the cigarette.
In order to further illustrate the preset effect achieved by the invention, 6 brand cigarette samples which do not participate in modeling are adopted, on one hand, the flow of the filter stick section and the flow of the cigarette paper section during the third suction of each sample are detected, the air flow of the combustion cone end is calculated, the combustion rate during the third suction of the sample is predicted by using the established regression equation, and on the other hand, the combustion rate during the third suction is collected. The difference in burn rate at the third port draw for both methods was compared. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 comparison of the predicted value and the measured value of the third puff combustion rate in cigarette samples
The test result shows that the difference between the predicted value and the measured value of the cigarette burning rate is small, the relative error of the two values in six groups of data is less than 10%, and the prediction result of the prediction model is accurate.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by using equivalent alternatives or equivalent variations fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for predicting cigarette burning rate based on detecting flow field distribution is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, measuring the air flow of the combustion cone end when the cigarette sample is sucked by using a flow detection device;
s2, measuring the burning rate of the cigarette sample under the corresponding suction opening sequence by using a burning rate detection device, and recording the burning rate value as y;
s3, regression analysis: taking the air flow at the combustion cone end of the cigarette sample as an independent variable x and the combustion rate y as a dependent variable, and obtaining a regression equation of the cigarette combustion rate prediction model:
y＝b2x2+b1x + c, wherein b1、b2And c is a model coefficient;
s4, predicting the cigarette burning rate: and (3) after measuring the air flow of the combustion cone end when the cigarette is smoked, substituting the air flow into the prediction model to obtain the predicted combustion rate of the cigarette.
2. The method for predicting the cigarette burning rate based on the detected flow field distribution according to claim 1, wherein the flow detection device comprises a cavity, a side hole, a baffle plate, a sealing ring, a flow measurement component and a cigarette holder with a through hole;
the inner side end of the through hole is fixed with cigarettes, and the outer side end is connected with a suction machine;
the inner side of the cigarette holder is connected with a cavity, and the cavity is divided into a cigarette paper section cavity and a filter tip section cavity by a clamping ring in cooperation with a cigarette; the outer walls of the two sections of cavities are telescopic walls and are respectively connected with a flow measurement component through side holes; the end of the cigarette paper segment cavity is provided with a baffle, and the inner ring of the baffle is provided with a sealing ring contacted with the cigarette.
3. The method for predicting the cigarette burning rate based on the detected flow field distribution according to claim 1, wherein the burning rate detection device comprises a control module, a data processing module and an image acquisition module, and the image acquisition module is a camera;
the control module is connected with the smoking machine, receives a smoking signal of the smoking machine and controls the camera to collect an image of the cigarette during burning; the data processing module records and processes the acquired image and outputs a data result.
4. The method for predicting the burning rate of the cigarette based on the detection of the flow field distribution according to claim 1, wherein the duration of single sample suction of the cigarette is 1-3 s.
5. The method for predicting the cigarette burning rate based on the detection of the flow field distribution according to claim 3, wherein the shooting frequency of the camera is 30-70 Hz.
6. The method for predicting cigarette burning rate based on detecting flow field distribution according to claim 1, wherein the cigarette sample comprises a blend type or a flue-cured type.
7. The method for predicting cigarette burn rates based on the detection of flow field distribution of claim 1, wherein the cigarette sample comprises any of circumference, length, filter ventilation, and cigarette paper segment ventilation.
8. The method for predicting cigarette burning rate based on detecting flow field distribution according to claim 1, wherein the model coefficient b is1、b2And c, calculating values by using PASW Statistics software.
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