CN108359977B - FeCoVWNbSc high-entropy alloy powder for laser cladding and use method - Google Patents
FeCoVWNbSc high-entropy alloy powder for laser cladding and use method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108359977B CN108359977B CN201810318504.6A CN201810318504A CN108359977B CN 108359977 B CN108359977 B CN 108359977B CN 201810318504 A CN201810318504 A CN 201810318504A CN 108359977 B CN108359977 B CN 108359977B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
Abstract
The invention discloses FeCoVWNbSc high-entropy alloy powder for laser cladding and a using method thereof, belonging to the technical field of laser surface modification. The FeCoVNbSc high-entropy alloy powder comprises the following components: fe. Co, V, W, Nb and Sc, wherein the molar ratio of Fe, Co, V, W, Nb and Sc is 1:1:1:1: 0.02-0.04; sc is added into the five-element alloy of Fe, Co, V, W and Nb, so that the interaction among the elements presents excellent performances of high-temperature oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and the coating has an excellent structure; the laser cladding can also enable the coating and the base material to form a fine dilution area, so that metallurgical bonding is formed, good bonding effect is achieved between the base material and the coating, and the durability of the coating is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to FeCoVWNbSc high-entropy alloy powder for laser cladding and a using method thereof, belonging to the technical field of laser surface modification.
Technical Field
The conventional alloy takes one element as a main element (called principal element), and the performance of the alloy is improved by adding a proper amount of other elements. The high-entropy alloy is also called multi-principal component alloy and is composed of 5-13 elements, the mole ratio of each element is between 5% and 35%, and the performance of the alloy is determined by the common action of a plurality of principal components. The high-entropy alloy with high strength, high hardness, high-temperature softening resistance and high corrosion resistance can be obtained through proper component design, so that the alloy has important application prospects in certain special working environments (such as the fields of aviation, aerospace, energy sources and the like).
At present, the research of high-entropy alloy mainly uses a vacuum casting mode to prepare a block material, the maximum limitation of the casting mode is that the size of a sample cannot be enlarged, and only a small part of area can meet the requirement in the research process, so that the cost in the casting and sample preparation process is increased, and the laser cladding noble alloy can not only ensure excellent use performance, but also effectively reduce the cost. Although scholars prepare noble and gold coatings by magnetron sputtering and chemical deposition methods, the bonding mode is usually physical bonding or mechanical bonding, so that the bonding strength between the coating and the base material is low, and laser cladding can not only form metallurgical bonding between the base material and the coating to increase the bonding strength, but also effectively control the thickness of the coating to be up to several millimeters. Therefore, the high-entropy alloy cladding layer with good performance is obtained through proper proportioning design of the alloy, and the method has great significance for developing the high-entropy alloy in the aspect of practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide FeCoVWNbSc high-entropy alloy powder for laser cladding, which comprises the following components: fe. The alloy material comprises Co, V, W, Nb and Sc, wherein the molar ratio of Fe to Co to V to W to Nb to Sc is 1:1:1:1: 0.02-0.04.
The invention also aims to provide a method for preparing the laser cladding layer by using the FeCoVWNbSc high-entropy alloy powder, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing and mixing the powder, and then carrying out vacuum ball milling for more than 2.5 hours to obtain alloy powder with the particle size of 170-310 meshes after fully mixing;
(2) and (2) uniformly pre-arranging the alloy powder obtained in the step (1) on the surface of the 45 steel subjected to oil and rust removal treatment to form a pre-arranged layer, drying the pre-arranged layer in a constant-temperature drying oven before cladding, and performing laser cladding after drying to obtain a corresponding high-entropy alloy coating.
Preferably, the laser cladding process parameters of the invention are 3500-4000W of laser power, 250-400mm/min of scanning speed, 3.0mm of spot diameter, 20mm of defocusing amount, argon as protective gas and 8-15L/min of gas flow.
Preferably, the drying conditions in step (2) of the present invention are: drying at 80 deg.C for 8-12h to obtain prefabricated layer with thickness of 0.8-1.3 mm.
Preferably, the purity of each powder of the invention is more than or equal to 99.9%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the high-entropy alloy obtained by the invention can reduce the high-temperature brittleness while simultaneously considering the characteristics of corrosion resistance, plasticity, strength and the like.
(2) The invention obtains the well-formed cladding layer through the laser cladding process, the proportion of the high-entropy alloy powder is not all equal molar proportion, but different components and proportions are purposefully regulated and controlled, and the cladding layer with more excellent performance is expected to be obtained.
(3) The powder formula provided by the invention has excellent bonding performance with a base material, and the obtained cladding layer has good macroscopic morphology and no defects such as cracks, holes and the like on the premise of forming the high-entropy alloy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a metallographic structure of a cladding layer according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a metallographic structure of a cladding layer according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the metallographic structure of a cladding layer in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the metallographic structure of the cladding layer in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the metallographic structure of a cladding layer in example 5 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples.
Example 1
The high-entropy alloy material is composed of six elementary powders of Fe, Co, V, W, Nb, and Sc, and the molar ratio of each component is: 1:1:1:1:1:0.02, and weighing various metal element powders by adopting an analytical electronic scale, wherein the total mass of the metal powder is 50g, and the mass of the metal powder is respectively as follows: fe: 6.30773g, Co: 6.64564g, V: 5.74453g, W: 10.47532g, Nb: 20.72537g, Sc: 0.10181 g.
The preparation method of the high-entropy alloy material cladding layer comprises the following steps:
(1) and mixing the powders, performing vacuum ball milling for 3.5h, and fully mixing to obtain alloy powder with the particle size of 200-300 meshes.
(2) The substrate material is 45 steel, the oxide is removed by mechanical polishing, the oil stain is removed by acetone, and ultrasonic alcohol cleaning is adopted.
(3) And (2) uniformly pressing the alloy powder material obtained in the step (1) on the surface of the base material treated in the step (2) to form a prefabricated layer, wherein the thickness of the prefabricated layer is 1mm, and a cladding layer can be obtained through laser cladding after drying, wherein the laser cladding process parameters comprise 3500W of laser power, 250mm/min of scanning speed, 3mm of spot diameter, 20mm of defocusing amount, argon as protective gas and 8L/min of gas flow.
In the embodiment, the cladding layer after laser cladding is corroded by aqua regia to obtain a metallographic photograph of the cladding layer, and as shown in fig. 1, the cladding layer has a compact structure; the microhardness of the cladding layer is measured by adopting an HVS-1000A type microhardness instrument, wherein five values are measured at different positions of the cladding layer and the parent metal respectively, and an average value is taken after the maximum value and the minimum value are removed.
Example 2
The high-entropy alloy material is composed of six elementary powders of Fe, Co, V, W, Nb, and Sc, and the molar ratio of each component is: 1:1:1:1:1:0.025, and weighing various metal element powders by adopting an analytical electronic scale, wherein the total mass of the metal powder is 50g, and the mass of the metal powder is respectively as follows: fe: 6.30453g, Co: 6.64227g, V: 5.74163g, W: 10.47003g, Nb: 20.71489g, Sc: 0.12665 g.
The preparation method of the high-entropy alloy material cladding layer comprises the following steps:
(1) and mixing the powders, performing vacuum ball milling for 3h, and fully mixing to obtain alloy powder with the particle size of 204-310 meshes.
(2) The substrate material is 45 steel, the oxide is removed by mechanical polishing, the oil stain is removed by acetone, and ultrasonic alcohol cleaning is adopted.
(3) And (2) uniformly pressing the alloy powder material obtained in the step (1) on the surface of the base material treated in the step (2) to form a prefabricated layer, wherein the thickness of the prefabricated layer is 0.9mm, and a cladding layer can be obtained through laser cladding after drying, wherein the laser cladding process parameters comprise 3800W of laser power, 270mm/min of scanning speed, 3mm of spot diameter and 20mm of defocusing amount, argon gas adopted as protective gas and 9L/min of gas flow.
In the embodiment, the cladding layer after laser cladding is corroded by aqua regia to obtain a metallographic photograph of the cladding layer, and as shown in fig. 2, the cladding layer has a compact structure; an HVS-1000A type microhardness instrument is adopted to measure microhardness of a cladding layer, wherein five values are measured at different positions of the cladding layer and a parent metal respectively, an average value is taken after the maximum value and the minimum value are removed, and an experimental result shows that the average hardness after laser cladding reaches 913HV, and is remarkably improved compared with the parent metal, and the experimental result is shown in the following table.
Example 3
The high-entropy alloy material is composed of six elementary powders of Fe, Co, V, W, Nb, and Sc, and the molar ratio of each component is: 1:1:1:1:1:0.03, and weighing various metal element powders by adopting an analytical electronic scale, wherein the total mass of the metal powder is 50g, and the mass of the metal powder is respectively as follows: fe: 6.30134g, Co: 6.63891g, V: 5.73872g, W: 10.46472g, Nb: 20.7044g, Sc: 0.15191 g.
The preparation method of the high-entropy alloy material cladding layer comprises the following steps:
(1) and mixing the powders, performing vacuum ball milling for 3.5h, and fully mixing to obtain alloy powder with the particle size of 200-300 meshes.
(2) The substrate material is 45 steel, the oxide is removed by mechanical polishing, the oil stain is removed by acetone, and ultrasonic alcohol cleaning is adopted.
(3) And (2) uniformly pressing the alloy powder material obtained in the step (1) on the surface of the base material treated in the step (2) to form a prefabricated layer, wherein the thickness of the prefabricated layer is 1.1mm, drying and then carrying out laser cladding to obtain a cladding layer, and the laser cladding process parameters comprise laser power 4000W, scanning speed 300mm/min, spot diameter 3mm, defocusing amount 20mm, argon gas adopted as protective gas and gas flow 10L/min.
In the embodiment, the cladding layer after laser cladding is corroded by aqua regia to obtain a metallographic photograph of the cladding layer, and as shown in fig. 3, the cladding layer has a compact structure; the microhardness of the cladding layer is measured by adopting an HVS-1000A microhardness instrument, wherein five values are measured at different positions of the cladding layer and the parent metal respectively, and an average value is taken after the maximum value and the minimum value are removed, and the experimental result shows that the average hardness after laser cladding reaches 937HV, which is obviously improved compared with the parent metal, and is shown in the following table.
Example 4
The high-entropy alloy material is composed of six elementary powders of Fe, Co, V, W, Nb, and Sc, and the molar ratio of each component is: 1:1:1:1:1:0.035, and weighing various metal element powders by adopting an analytical electronic scale, wherein the total mass of the metal powder is 50g, and the mass of the metal powder is respectively as follows: fe: 6.30063g, Co: 6.63816g, V: 5.73807g, W: 10.46355g, Nb: 20.70207g, Sc: 0.15752 g.
The preparation method of the high-entropy alloy material cladding layer comprises the following steps:
(1) and mixing the powders, performing vacuum ball milling for 3h, and fully mixing to obtain alloy powder with the particle size of 240-300 meshes.
(2) The substrate material is 45 steel, the oxide is removed by mechanical polishing, the oil stain is removed by acetone, and ultrasonic alcohol cleaning is adopted.
(3) And (2) uniformly pressing the alloy powder material obtained in the step (1) on the surface of the base material treated in the step (2) to form a prefabricated layer, wherein the thickness of the prefabricated layer is 1.2mm, drying and then carrying out laser cladding to obtain a cladding layer, and the laser cladding process parameters comprise laser power 4000W, scanning speed 350mm/min, spot diameter 3mm, defocusing amount 20mm, argon gas adopted as protective gas and gas flow 11L/min.
In the embodiment, the cladding layer after laser cladding is corroded by aqua regia to obtain a metallographic photograph of the cladding layer, and as shown in fig. 4, the cladding layer has a compact structure; an HVS-1000A type microhardness instrument is adopted to measure microhardness of a cladding layer, wherein five values are measured at different positions of the cladding layer and a parent metal respectively, an average value is taken after the maximum value and the minimum value are removed, and an experimental result shows that the average hardness after laser cladding reaches 895HV, and is remarkably improved compared with the parent metal, and the experimental result is shown in the following table.
Example 5
The high-entropy alloy material is composed of six elementary powders of Fe, Co, V, W, Nb, and Sc, and the molar ratio of each component is: 1:1:1:1:1:0.04, and weighing various metal element powders by adopting an analytical electronic scale, wherein the total mass of the metal powder is 50g, and the mass of the metal powder is respectively as follows: fe: 6.29496g, Co: 6.63219g, V: 5.73291g, W: 10.45414g, Nb: 20.68345g, Sc: 0.20235 g.
The preparation method of the high-entropy alloy material cladding layer comprises the following steps:
(1) and mixing the powder, performing vacuum ball milling for 3h, and fully mixing to obtain alloy powder with the particle size of 180-260 meshes.
(2) The substrate material is 45 steel, the oxide is removed by mechanical polishing, the oil stain is removed by acetone, and ultrasonic alcohol cleaning is adopted.
(3) And (2) uniformly pressing the alloy powder material obtained in the step (1) on the surface of the base material treated in the step (2) to form a prefabricated layer, wherein the thickness of the prefabricated layer is 1.3mm, drying and then carrying out laser cladding to obtain a cladding layer, and the laser cladding process parameters comprise laser power 4000W, scanning speed 270mm/min, spot diameter 3mm, defocusing amount 20mm, argon gas adopted as protective gas and gas flow 13L/min.
In the embodiment, the cladding layer after laser cladding is corroded by aqua regia to obtain a metallographic photograph of the cladding layer, and as shown in fig. 5, the cladding layer has a compact structure; the microhardness of the cladding layer is measured by adopting an HVS-1000A type microhardness instrument, wherein five values are measured at different positions of the cladding layer and the parent metal respectively, and an average value is taken after the maximum value and the minimum value are removed.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preparing a laser cladding layer by using FeCoVWNbSc high-entropy alloy powder is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) weighing and mixing the powder, and then carrying out vacuum ball milling for more than 2.5 hours to obtain alloy powder with the particle size of 170-310 meshes after fully mixing;
(2) uniformly pre-arranging the alloy powder obtained in the step (1) on the surface of 45 steel subjected to oil and rust removal treatment to form a pre-arranged layer, drying the pre-arranged layer in a constant-temperature drying oven before cladding, and performing laser cladding on the dried layer to obtain a corresponding high-entropy alloy coating;
the FeCoVNbSc high-entropy alloy powder comprises the following components: fe. The alloy material comprises Co, V, W, Nb and Sc, wherein the molar ratio of Fe to Co to V to W to Nb to Sc is 1:1:1:1: 0.02-0.04.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the laser cladding process parameters include laser power 3500-.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: the drying conditions in the step (2) are as follows: drying at 80 deg.C for 8-12h to obtain prefabricated layer with thickness of 0.8-1.3 mm.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: the purity of each powder is more than or equal to 99.9 percent.
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