CN108358155B - Multilayer unequal-height micro-nano structure imitating Qinling mountain arrowleaf to prevent ice and snow - Google Patents
Multilayer unequal-height micro-nano structure imitating Qinling mountain arrowleaf to prevent ice and snow Download PDFInfo
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- CN108358155B CN108358155B CN201711485958.4A CN201711485958A CN108358155B CN 108358155 B CN108358155 B CN 108358155B CN 201711485958 A CN201711485958 A CN 201711485958A CN 108358155 B CN108358155 B CN 108358155B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-ice and anti-snow multi-layer unequal-height micro-nano structure imitating Qinling mountain arrowleaf, and belongs to the field of material preparation. The structure comprises a plurality of layers of unequal-height micro-nano structures arranged on a substrate, namely columnar structures (1), fusiform structures (2), papillary structures (3) and columnar nano structures (4) which are arranged in an array. The invention provides an anti-ice and snow multi-layer unequal-height micro-nano structure imitating Qinling mountain arrow bamboo leaves through a new bionic object, namely Qinling mountain arrow bamboo leaves. The beneficial effect of the structure in the aspect of ice and snow prevention is proved through an ice and snow prevention mechanism and experimental data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an anti-ice and snow multi-layer unequal-height micro-nano structure imitating Qinling mountain arrowleaf, belonging to the field of material preparation.
Background
The ice and snow threaten the flight safety of the airplane, and can cause the airplane to be out of control or even crash in severe cases. The existing airplane anti-icing/deicing methods such as mechanical, electric heating, gas heating and the like have the defects of large energy consumption and large load. In recent years, a new method for preventing ice and snow on the surface of the bionic micro-nano structure is internationally provided. Researchers find that Super Hydrophobic Surfaces (SHS) of the imitation lotus leaves and lubricating layer surfaces (SLIPS-impregnated porous surfaces, or sliding liquid infiltrated porous surfaces) of the imitation nepenthes have good ice and snow resistance. The method for preventing ice and snow on the surface of the bionic micro-nano structure has the advantages of no energy consumption, no need of additional mechanisms, environmental friendliness and the like, and becomes an international research hotspot.
Disclosure of Invention
Although research on lotus leaf-like super-hydrophobic ice and snow prevention and ice and snow prevention of a lubricating layer on the surface of pitcher plant are greatly advanced, scientific exploration is not a stop. There are no other bionic objects in nature, and there are different ice and snow prevention mechanisms?
The invention aims at Qinling mountain with the altitude of more than 2000 m (the region has ice and snow in more than half a year), and specially organizes multiple outdoor mountaineering to search for new inspiration. Kungfu is not conscious, and we find that the arrowleaf bamboo leaves of the Qinling mountain, which grow in the high mountain meadow area of the Qinling mountain with the altitude of 2200 to 2900 m, have excellent ice and snow prevention performance, the surfaces of the arrowleaf bamboo leaves are rarely covered with ice and snow, and the arrowleaf bamboo leaves can easily fall off from the surfaces of the leaves even if the arrowleaf bamboo leaves are covered with the ice and snow.
To verify this hypothesis, we took the instrumentation and went up to the high mountain meadow area of Qinling mountain on snowy days, and compared the Qinling rocket bamboo leaves with the lotus leaves. The adhesion capability of ice and snow on the surface is evaluated by inclining the surfaces of bamboo leaves and lotus leaves and testing the falling angle of the snow on the surface (corresponding to different tangential forces of the snow falling on the surface) through a self-made experimental device similar to a liquid rolling angle measuring device. The experimental result shows that snow is easier to fall off on the surface of the bamboo leaves, and the falling angle of the snow is dozens of degrees smaller than that of the snow on the surface of the lotus leaves. In addition to the adhesion comparison experiment, the icing delay comparison experiment shows that the icing delay time of the surface of the arrow bamboo leaves is slightly lower than that of the lotus leaves, which shows that the ice and snow prevention of the arrow bamboo leaves is mainly caused by reducing the adhesion instead of delaying the icing time. The above experiments preliminarily verified our hypothesis that the ice and snow on the surface of the Qinling mountain Arundo donax leaf was prevented because it greatly reduced the ice and snow adhesion.
Further, we ask why is the ice and snow adhesion of Qinling mountain arrow bamboo leaves greatly reduced compared to lotus leaves? The prior studies have shown that the surface microstructure has an important influence on the performance, and we therefore naturally think of starting from the surface microstructure. The microstructure of the surface of the Qinling mountain arrow bamboo leaves is observed through a scanning electron microscope, the appearance of the microstructure is a multi-layer unequal height micro-nano structure, and obviously, the surface of the Qinling mountain arrow bamboo leaves is different from the surface of the lotus leaves.
The invention provides an anti-ice and snow multi-layer unequal-height micro-nano structure imitating Qinling mountain arrowleaf leaves, which comprises a multi-layer unequal-height micro-nano structure arranged on a substrate. As shown in fig. 1:
the first layer is columnar structures 1 arranged in an array, the height range of the columnar structures 1 is 30-50 micrometers, the diameter range of the columnar structures 1 is 10-20 micrometers, the transverse spacing range of the columnar structures 1 is 50-100 micrometers, and the longitudinal spacing range of the columnar structures 1 is 30-70 micrometers;
the second layer structure is a shuttle-shaped structural body 2 distributed in an array, one end of the shuttle-shaped structural body 2 is provided with a sharp corner, the other end of the shuttle-shaped structural body is provided with an arc curved surface, the sharp corner and the arc curved surface are connected by a smooth curved surface, and the sharp corner ends of all the shuttle-shaped structural bodies 2 are arranged in the same direction; the shuttle-shaped structures 2 have a length ranging from 20 to 60 micrometers, a width ranging from 10 to 30 micrometers, a height ranging from 10 to 20 micrometers, a transverse pitch ranging from 50 to 100 micrometers, and a longitudinal pitch ranging from 30 to 60 micrometers;
the third layer structure is mastoid structures 3 distributed in an array, is similar to the mastoid structures of lotus leaves, and is simplified into a cylinder, the height range of the mastoid structures 3 is 5-10 micrometers, the diameter range of the mastoid structures 3 is 5-10 micrometers, the transverse spacing range of the mastoid structures 3 is 5-10 micrometers, and the longitudinal spacing range of the mastoid structures 3 is 5-10 micrometers;
the fourth layer structure is columnar nano structures 4 densely distributed on the surface of the substrate, the height range of the columnar structures 4 is 500-1000 nanometers, the diameter range is 200-500 nanometers, the transverse spacing range of the columnar structures 4 is 3-6 micrometers, and the longitudinal spacing range is 2-5 micrometers.
In the invention, the arrangement of the multilayer unequal-height micro-nano structures can be an ordered arrangement, namely, the arrangement of each structural unit on a row is on a straight line, and the distribution density on a unit area is the same; or a staggered arrangement, that is, the arrangement of each structural unit on the row and column is not on a straight line, the structural units can shift up and down, left and right, and the distribution density on the unit area is also different.
The substrate can be a plane, can also be a wave curved surface with different curvatures, and also comprises a plurality of irregular curved surfaces.
In the invention, the two structural layers can be prepared from metal, inorganic nonmetal, polymer and other materials, wherein the metal materials comprise aluminum, copper, steel and the like, and alloy materials thereof, the inorganic nonmetal materials comprise glass, ceramic and the like, and the polymer materials comprise PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane), photoresist and the like.
The invention discloses a new bionic object, namely Qinling mountain arrow bamboo leaves, which have better ice and snow prevention capability than lotus leaves, so that an ice and snow prevention multi-layer unequal height micro-nano structure imitating Qinling mountain arrow bamboo leaves is provided. The ice and snow prevention mechanism of the multilayer unequal-height micro-nano structure provided by the invention is as follows:
ideal adhesion is a reversible thermodynamic process that separates a unit area between two phases possessing an initial common interface. The actual adhesion must take into account all possible aspects of energy transfer across the joint, not only the ideal adhesion strength, but also the number and size of surface bubbles and cracks, irreversible rupture processes.
The ideal adhesion strength Fad relates to the intermolecular forces that give the maximum force or work an interface can withstand before failure (i.e., separation) occurs, as shown by
Wherein Fad is the ideal adhesion strength; wA(B)B(A)Is the adhesion function, which represents the change in free energy per unit area of the two media A, B from contact to separation to an infinite distance; r is0The equilibrium distance of separation is usually in the order of a few molecular diameters (0.2-0.5 nm). Due to the interaction force among molecules, when the surface area of a substance is increased, the outside is required to do work on the substance system. When the ice and snow are separated from the surface of the Qinling mountain arrow bamboo leaf, the actual contact area of the ice and snow is reduced by the multi-layer surface with the unequal-height micro-nano structure, so that smaller adhesion work is caused.
One reason for the difference in ideal and actual adhesion strength is the presence of bubbles and cracks in the interface region almost always. The ice and snow cover on the rough surface with the microstructure, and air is easily trapped at the low concave parts of the microstructure to form bubbles. Compared with a lotus leaf (a double-layer micro-nano composite structure with mastoid nano-protrusions) or other common micro-nano composite structures, the multilayer unequal-height micro-nano structure of the Qinling-mountain-imitated bamboo leaves provided by the invention increases the number and volume of bubbles, and reduces the solid mechanical interlocking between ice and snow and a surface microstructure; on the other hand, the multilayer unequal height microstructure forms more interface mutation, which causes stress concentration, so that cracks are easier to generate and develop, and the surface has lower ice and snow adhesion.
The actual joint failure consists mainly of two modes-adhesive failure of the joint or cohesive failure in its vicinity, as shown in figure 2. The correct identification of the way of rupture is of great importance, if it can be determined that the failure is a cohesive failure (a) occurring close to the interface, the cohesive strength of the medium is less than the adhesive strength; if the failure occurs at the interface (b), the cohesive strength of the medium is greater than the adhesive strength. Due to the multilayer unequal-height micro-nano structure of the arrow-like bamboo leaves, ice and snow fall off more easily under the action of tangential component force.
In the examples, we manufactured a multi-layer unequal height micro-nano structure and a two-layer lotus leaf-like micro-nano composite structure and a smooth plane by using a 3D printer of nanosscribe, germany. Experiments show that the adhesion force of the multilayer unequal-height micro-nano structure is smaller, the adhesion force of the multilayer unequal-height micro-nano structure is half of that of a double-layer lotus leaf-imitated micro-nano composite structure, and the adhesion force of the multilayer unequal-height micro-nano structure is one tenth of that of a smooth plane, so that the advantage of the multilayer unequal-height micro-nano structure of the arrow-like bamboo leaves in the aspect of ice and snow prevention is also demonstrated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an axonometric view of a multilayer unequal-height micro-nano structure
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing different damage forms of ice and snow
FIG. 3 shows a side view of a multilayer unequal height micro-nano structure
FIG. 4 is a top view of a multi-layer unequal height micro-nano structure
FIG. 5 shows an isometric view of different ground planes
Detailed Description
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment 1
The substrate and the surface microstructure are made of titanium alloy, the substrate is a plane, the multiple layers of the unequal-height micro-nano structures are arranged, the first layer is a columnar structure, the height of the columnar structure is 40 micrometers, the diameter of the columnar structure is 15 micrometers, the transverse spacing of the structure is 70 micrometers, and the longitudinal spacing of the structure is 45 micrometers; the second layer is of a shuttle-shaped structure, the length of the shuttle-shaped structure is 50 micrometers, the width of the shuttle-shaped structure is 15 micrometers, the height of the shuttle-shaped structure is 15 micrometers, the transverse spacing of the structure is 70 micrometers, and the longitudinal spacing of the structure is 45 micrometers; the third layer is a mastoid structure, which is simplified into a cylinder, the height of the cylinder is 7 microns, the diameter of the cylinder is 8 microns, the transverse spacing of the structures is 6 microns, and the longitudinal spacing of the structures is 6 microns; the fourth layer was a columnar nanostructure, the height of the pillars was 600 nm, the diameter was 300 nm, the lateral spacing of the structures was 4 microns, and the longitudinal spacing was 3 microns.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment 2
The substrate and the surface microstructure are made of flexible PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane), the multilayer micro-nano structures with different heights are provided, the first layer is a columnar structure, the height of a column is 45 micrometers, the diameter of the column is 17 micrometers, the transverse spacing of the structure body is 80 micrometers, and the longitudinal spacing of the structure body is 50 micrometers; the second layer is of a shuttle-shaped structure, the length of the shuttle-shaped structure is 55 micrometers, the width of the shuttle-shaped structure is 17 micrometers, the height of the shuttle-shaped structure is 15 micrometers, the transverse spacing of the structures is 80 micrometers, and the longitudinal spacing of the structures is 50 micrometers; the third layer is a mastoid structure, which is simplified into a cylinder, the height of the cylinder is 8 microns, the diameter of the cylinder is 7 microns, the transverse spacing of the structures is 7 microns, and the longitudinal spacing of the structures is 7 microns; the fourth layer structure is a columnar structure, the height of the pillars is 700 nm, the diameter is 350 nm, the transverse spacing of the structures is 5 microns, and the longitudinal spacing is 4 microns. As shown in fig. 5 a, its base is a flat surface. As shown in fig. 5 b, the base of the wave-shaped surface is a curved surface with a certain curvature.
Claims (4)
1. The anti-ice and snow multi-layer unequal-height micro-nano structure is characterized by comprising an anti-ice and snow multi-layer unequal-height micro-nano structure arranged on a substrate:
the first layer structure is columnar structures (1) arranged in an array, the height range of the columnar structures (1) is 30-50 micrometers, the diameter range of the columnar structures (1) is 10-20 micrometers, the transverse spacing range of the columnar structures (1) is 50-100 micrometers, and the longitudinal spacing range of the columnar structures (1) is 30-70 micrometers;
the second layer structure is shuttle-shaped structural bodies (2) distributed in an array, one end of each shuttle-shaped structural body (2) is provided with a sharp corner, the other end of each shuttle-shaped structural body is provided with an arc curved surface, the sharp corners are connected with the arc curved surfaces by smooth curved surfaces, and the sharp corner ends of all the shuttle-shaped structural bodies (2) are arranged towards the same direction; the shuttle-shaped structures (2) have a length ranging from 20 to 60 micrometers, a width ranging from 10 to 30 micrometers and a height ranging from 10 to 20 micrometers, and the shuttle-shaped structures (2) have a transverse spacing ranging from 50 to 100 micrometers and a longitudinal spacing ranging from 30 to 60 micrometers;
the third layer structure is mastoid-shaped cylindrical structures (3) distributed in an array, the height range of the mastoid-shaped cylindrical structures (3) is 5-10 micrometers, the diameter range of the mastoid-shaped cylindrical structures is 5-10 micrometers, the transverse spacing range of the mastoid-shaped cylindrical structures (3) is 5-10 micrometers, and the longitudinal spacing range of the mastoid-shaped cylindrical structures is 5-10 micrometers;
the fourth layer structure is columnar nano structures (4) densely distributed on the surface of the substrate, the height range of the columnar nano structures (4) is 500-1000 nanometers, the diameter range of the columnar nano structures is 200-500 nanometers, the transverse spacing range of the columnar nano structures (4) is 3-6 micrometers, and the longitudinal spacing range of the columnar nano structures (4) is 2-5 micrometers.
2. The multilayer unequal-height micro-nano structure for ice and snow prevention of the Qinling mountain arrowbamboo leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the arrangement of the multilayer unequal-height micro-nano structure is an ordered arrangement, namely, each structural unit is arranged on a line, and the distribution density in unit area is the same; or a staggered arrangement, that is, the arrangement of each structural unit on the row and column is not on a straight line, the structural units are shifted up and down, left and right, and the distribution density on the unit area is also different.
3. The multilayer unequal-height micro-nano structure for resisting ice and snow of the imitated Qinling mountain arrowbamboo leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the substrate is a plane, or a wave curved surface with different curvatures, or an irregular curved surface.
4. The multilayer unequal-height micro-nano structure for ice and snow prevention of the Qinling mountain arrowroot leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the multilayer unequal-height micro-nano structure material is an inorganic non-metallic material or a polymer material.
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| CN201970805U (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2011-09-14 | 周利坤 | Bionic automotive anti-slipping cover |
| CN102492945A (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2012-06-13 | 北京航空航天大学 | Ice coating prevention surface of bionic micro-nano composite structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN103889687A (en) * | 2011-09-19 | 2014-06-25 | 维斯塔斯风力系统集团公司 | A method of fabricating a surface for reducing ice adhesion strength |
| CN106006537A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-10-12 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Surface hydrophobic anti-icing device |
| CN106564219A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-04-19 | 华南理工大学 | Anti-atomization micro and nano composite structure film and preparation method thereof |
| WO2017172409A1 (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2017-10-05 | University Of Houston System | Magnetic surfaces and uses thereof |
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| US20100028604A1 (en) * | 2008-08-01 | 2010-02-04 | The Ohio State University | Hierarchical structures for superhydrophobic surfaces and methods of making |
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201970805U (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2011-09-14 | 周利坤 | Bionic automotive anti-slipping cover |
| CN103889687A (en) * | 2011-09-19 | 2014-06-25 | 维斯塔斯风力系统集团公司 | A method of fabricating a surface for reducing ice adhesion strength |
| CN102492945A (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2012-06-13 | 北京航空航天大学 | Ice coating prevention surface of bionic micro-nano composite structure and preparation method thereof |
| WO2017172409A1 (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2017-10-05 | University Of Houston System | Magnetic surfaces and uses thereof |
| CN106006537A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-10-12 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Surface hydrophobic anti-icing device |
| CN106564219A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-04-19 | 华南理工大学 | Anti-atomization micro and nano composite structure film and preparation method thereof |
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