CN108355837A - A kind of electrostatic attraction sample scrap collecting method and apparatus - Google Patents

A kind of electrostatic attraction sample scrap collecting method and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108355837A
CN108355837A CN201810131150.4A CN201810131150A CN108355837A CN 108355837 A CN108355837 A CN 108355837A CN 201810131150 A CN201810131150 A CN 201810131150A CN 108355837 A CN108355837 A CN 108355837A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
sample
spherical shell
clast
scrap collecting
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
CN201810131150.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
余越
张新
胡鹏浩
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Anhui University of Science and Technology
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Anhui University of Science and Technology
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Publication date
Application filed by Anhui University of Science and Technology filed Critical Anhui University of Science and Technology
Priority to CN201810131150.4A priority Critical patent/CN108355837A/en
Publication of CN108355837A publication Critical patent/CN108355837A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/12—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by separation of ionising and collecting stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes

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  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of electrostatic attraction sample scrap collecting method and apparatus, it bombards sample clast to be collected using high-velocity electrons, be allowed to ionize it is positively charged, using negatively charged electrostatic spherical shell to its electrostatic attraction realize scrap collecting.Described device is made of electron emission and acceleration and two parts of scrap collecting, electron emission is made of with accelerating part electron gun and compound electrode, launching electronics after electron gun is powered, compound electrode is for constraining and accelerating institute's launching electronics, it is allowed to directive sample clast to be collected, causes its ionization positively charged.Scrap collecting part is by being axially provided with the metal spherical shell in a hole and the push electrode of face forms therewith, the open end of the soft thin bag of one dielectric material, which is turned over, to be sleeved on the outside of spherical shell, closed end passes through the hole, electrostatic field between by metal spherical shell and push electrode, electrification clast will move to metal spherical shell, and be attached on the outside of soft bag, the closed end of pull soft bag, complete the collection and encapsulation to clast.It is unrelated with clast electric conductivity that apparatus of the present invention are suitable for the collection to sample clast, collecting effect in the case of microgravity.

Description

A kind of electrostatic attraction sample scrap collecting method and apparatus
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of collection methods for suspended particulate substance, it is using electrostatic field to the electricity of charged species clast Field force acts on, and realizes the collection to clast.
Background technology
Technology of the present invention is mainly used for the removing of floating particle object, day in asteroid or comet sampling, space capsule The often floating dust collection etc. of the occasions such as life and industrial production.
Asteroid or comet are sampled, help to understand its material composition and distribution.Through long-term weathering, generally believe Detrital grain not of uniform size is distributed in asteroid and comet outer layer.Consider that two kinds of celestial body peripheries are vacuum environment, and in micro- Gravity state, it is ideal sampling means to be collected to these particles using Electrostatic Absorption phenomenon.Certainly, lander logs in small Planet, with broken rock device detritus, electrostatic attraction collecting method can equally be collected the rock particles of generation.
Food kibble, human body exuviae skin clast etc. are all swum in cabin in space capsule；Medical treatment is (such as：Desinfection chamber), work Industry produces (such as：Precision Machining) and scientific research is (such as：Ultra-clean chamber) etc. many occasions without hope there is a large amount of floating dust particles exist, often The filtration method removal seen need to regularly replace strainer, and there are problems that secondary pollution；Humidification process of cleaning will increase the humidity of air, and Be not suitable for occasion as similar space capsule；Existing electrostatic precipitator technology is not suitable for being used for receiving conductivity type media pieces Collection.
Invention content
Simple, simple operation that the present invention provides a kind of principles, the scrap collecting method based on electrostatic attraction technology and dress It sets.In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution used for：
A kind of electrostatic attraction sample scrap collecting method and apparatus, it is broken that it using high-velocity electrons bombards sample to be collected Bits are allowed to ionize positively charged, the electrostatic attraction using negatively charged electrostatic spherical shell to positively charged sample clast, realize clast It collects, it is characterised in that：
Described device is made of electron emission and acceleration and two parts of scrap collecting, the electron emission and accelerating part It is made of electron gun and compound electrode, the electron gun sends out electronics after being powered, the compound electrode is by the direct current that is placed in parallel Low-field electrode and high direct voltage electrode composition, the low-field electrode is for carrying out about the direction of motion of electron gun launching electronics Beam, is allowed to directive sample clast to be collected, and the high-field electrode keeps the clast ionization positively charged for accelerating electronics；Institute It states metal spherical shell that scrap collecting part is connected by one with the cathode of storing up electricity capacitance and push electrode forms, the metal ball columella To a hole is provided with, the open end of the soft thin bag of a dielectric material, which is turned over, to be sleeved on the outside of spherical shell, and closed end passes through the hole, hole and the push Electrode face, electrostatic field between by the metal spherical shell and the push electrode, electrification clast will be moved to metal spherical shell, and It is attached on the outside of the soft bag, the closed end of pull soft bag, realizes the collection and encapsulation to clast.
A kind of electrostatic attraction sample scrap collecting method and apparatus, it is characterised in that：The electron emission with plus The high-velocity electrons that fast part generates will be directed at the sample clast bombardment, and the voltage value for being applied to the high-field electrode is enough to make The sample ionization bombarded.
A kind of electrostatic attraction sample scrap collecting method and apparatus, it is characterised in that：The electron gun by tungsten filament, Two piece-root grafting terminals and power supply composition.
A kind of electrostatic attraction sample scrap collecting method and apparatus, it is characterised in that：For ease of the soft bag Metal spherical shell and the positive contralateral exposure neighboring area of push electrode are made curve form by pull；The metal spherical shell also can be by appearance Other materials of face metal-plated membrane or metal clad film are (such as：Plastics) spherical shell replacement, it is had at this time by metallic diaphragm and electricity Hold cathode to be connected.
A kind of electrostatic attraction sample scrap collecting method and apparatus, it is characterised in that：The opening of the soft thin bag End is embedded with elastic.
A kind of electrostatic attraction sample scrap collecting method and apparatus, it is characterised in that：The capacitance preferably selects appearance Measure fixed metallized paper capacitor.
A kind of electrostatic attraction sample scrap collecting method and apparatus, it is characterised in that：The push electrode is gold Belong to two-dimensional network structure, it had both had the function being filtered to sample chip size, can also mitigate weight, the low-field electrode It is circular ring metal piece with the high-field electrode, is used as electron beam transmission channel.
Compared with the prior art, the device have the advantages that being embodied in：
(1) systems have two functions of sample collection and encapsulation.
(2) secondary pollution is not present in Electrostatic Absorptions.
(3) is particularly suitable for the collection to little particle sample under vacuum, microgravity environment.
(4) collecting effects are unrelated with the electric conductivity of sample clast.
Description of the drawings
Attached drawing described herein is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and is constituted part of this application, this hair Bright schematic implementation and its explanation are not constituted improper limitations of the present invention for explaining the present invention.
Fig. 1 electrostatic attraction sample scrap collecting method schematic diagrams.
Fig. 2 pull packaging system sectional views.
In Fig. 1：The holes 1-, 2- metal spherical shells, 3- capacitances, 4- switches1, 5- power supplys1, 6- pushes electrode (anode), and 7- samples are broken Bits, 8- electrodes2, 9- power supplys4(high pressure), 10- electrodes1, 11- power supplys3(low pressure), 12- tungsten filaments, 13- switches2, 14- power supplys2.Electricity Source1For capacitor charging, power supply2Drive electron gun launching electronics, power supply3For electrode1Low voltage electric field, power supply are provided4For electrode2It provides High voltage electric field.
In Fig. 2：15- fixed screws, 16- closed ends, 17- substrates, the open ends 18-, the single-ended opening soft bags of 19-, 20- sealings It is elastic
Specific implementation mode
The device of the invention is made of electron emission and acceleration and two parts of scrap collecting, the former is for sample clast electricity From positively charged, the latter has both collection and encapsulation function.In order to more accurately understand the technology contents of the present invention, below with reference to tool Invention is further explained for body embodiment, and schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 1.
Electron gun is formed by tungsten filament, two piece-root grafting terminals and power supply, tungsten filament discharges electronics after being powered.
The two metal sheets that circular ring shape is coaxial, is placed in parallel are selected, DC low-voltage electrode and high direct voltage electrode are respectively served as, The two constitutes compound electrode.The circular hole in electrode center is used as electron propagation ducts.
Low-field electrode is allowed to due-in along transmission channel directive for constraining the direction of motion of electron gun radiating electron The sample detrital grain of collection, high-field electrode keep clast ionization positively charged for accelerating electronics.
The voltage value of high-field electrode should make the electronics after accelerating have enough kinetic energy, and sample particle is allowed to occur after bombardment Ionization considers the atom of different materials ingredient, and electron outside nucleus is different from atomic nucleus intermolecular forces, therefore the size of applied electric field Depending on sample material qualitative attribution.
A metal ball and a metallized paper capacitor are selected, conducting wire be used in combination that metal ball is connected with the cathode of capacitance, electricity It is that metal ball charges to hold, and is allowed to negatively charged.
To mitigate the weight of collection device, metal spherical shell alternative metals ball can be used to collect effect without influencing in implementation process Fruit, metal spherical shell also can be by other materials of outer surface metal-plated membrane or metal clad film (such as：Plastics) spherical shell replacement, at this time It has to metallic diaphragm with capacitance cathode being connected.The concrete shape of spherical shell can according to sample collection, encapsulation actual condition into The appropriate adjustment of row.
Spherical shell is fixed among one on the substrate of porose dielectric material, substrate is convenient for the placement of metal spherical shell, also may be used Metal spherical shell is fixed on other body surfaces with fixed screw or other means.
Charge forms electrostatic field on the outside of metal spherical shell, and under electric field force effect, positively charged sample is broken in microgravity environment Bits will move to metal spherical shell.The two contacts, and the electronics on metal spherical shell is combined rapidly with the cation on sample clast, is allowed to not It is attached to ball table again.To avoid the occurrence of this phenomenon, the soft thin bag of one dielectric material of set might as well be turned on the outside of metal spherical shell, can be maintained Attraction of the spherical shell to the sample clast being collected into.
To enhance the collecting function of apparatus of the present invention, it is arranged on extended line of the metal spherical shell with sample clast line and one pushes away Sending electrode.Push electrode is anode, it is two-dimension netted metal structure, the structure can to across its sample particle by size into Row filtering, while being also effectively reduced the weight of pole plate.
To realize the encapsulation function of system, when making metal spherical shell, the hole of one and push electrode face are axially made along it, Hole face on the other end and substrate in hole；The metal spherical shell on one side opening periphery of push electrode makes curve form.It is above-mentioned to turn over set Soft thin bag, be packed with elastic, which be sleeved on from the rollover of curved surface one on the outside of metal spherical shell along hole, and be close to ball in its open end Table, closed end are perforated and are gone out (shown in Fig. 2).When sample collection is completed, the closed end of pull soft bag in an axial direction, after open end slips By automatic blocking under elastic effect, the encapsulation to collecting sample is realized.
There may be sample segment in soft bag draw process and " shake off " phenomenon, this can be improved by following two measure：1. Increase the friction coefficient or adhesion strength of soft bag；2. a pair spherical collection device local shape carries out special designing.
The principle of the invention is：
The switch being closed in Fig. 11, power supply1To capacitor charging, metal spherical shell is negatively charged at this time, and periphery will form electrostatic , electric field strength is proportional to the size of metal spherical shell institute carried charge, and the centre of sphere is directed toward in direction.
Closure switch2, power supply2The lower tungsten filament of driving continuously discharges a large amount of electronics.Power supply3And power supply4Respectively low-voltage DC Source and high-voltage DC power supply, electrode1And electrode2Respectively low-field electrode and high-field electrode.Power supply3With electrode1It is connected, power supply4With Electrode2It is connected.
Electronics obtains huge kinetic energy after acceleration, collides with sample particle, and electronics in sample particle is caused to overflow generation Ionization, it is positively charged.
Sample particle is with collection device institute's charging property on the contrary, the Coulomb force (F) generated between the two：
Wherein, qi, (i=1,2), for the electricity of electrical body institute band；R, electrical body spacing.
By coulomb force effect, sample will accelerate to move to metal spherical shell collection device.Capacitance is bigger, collection device carried charge Bigger, it is bigger to the Coulomb force of sample particle at this time, and Electrostatic Absorption phenomenon also can be more apparent, it means that the present invention fills Setting capacity gauge will be stronger,
Present apparatus capacity gauge can be further increased by introducing push electrode.Clast positively charged at this time is actually in metal It is drawn close to metal spherical shell under the electrostatic field formed between spherical shell and push electrode, and is attracted to the outer of dielectric material soft bag Side.
It is sleeved on since soft bag open end is counter on the outside of metal spherical shell, soft bag is collected along hole axle pull, in nested elastic effect Under, soft bag open end is by automatic sealing, to realize the encapsulation to sample clast.
Embodiment of above is merely to illustrate the present invention, not limitation of the present invention.All spirit and original in the present invention Within then, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of electrostatic attraction sample scrap collecting method and apparatus, it bombards sample clast using high-velocity electrons, is allowed to ionize Positively charged, scrap collecting, feature are realized in the electrostatic attraction using negatively charged electrostatic spherical shell to positively charged sample clast It is：Described device is by electron emission and accelerates and two parts of scrap collecting form, the electron emission and accelerating part by Electron gun and compound electrode composition, the electron gun send out electronics after being powered, the compound electrode is by the low tension that is placed in parallel Pole and high-field electrode composition, the low-field electrode are allowed to directive for constraining the direction of motion of electron gun launching electronics Sample clast to be collected, the high-field electrode keep the clast ionization positively charged for accelerating electronics；The scrap collecting portion The metal spherical shell that point is connected with the cathode of storing up electricity capacitance by one and push electrode and form, the metal ball columella to being provided with a hole, The open end of the soft thin bag of one dielectric material, which is turned over, to be sleeved on the outside of spherical shell, and closed end passes through the hole, hole and the push electrode face, by Electrostatic field between the metal spherical shell and the push electrode, electrification clast will be moved to metal spherical shell, and will be attached to described On the outside of soft bag, the closed end of pull soft bag realizes the collection and encapsulation to clast.
2. a kind of electrostatic attraction sample scrap collecting method and apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The electricity Son transmitting will be directed at the sample clast with the high-velocity electrons that accelerating part generates and bombard, and be applied to the electricity of the high-field electrode Pressure value is enough the sample ionization for making to be bombarded.
3. a kind of electrostatic attraction sample scrap collecting method and apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The electricity Sub- rifle is made of tungsten filament, two piece-root grafting terminals and power supply.
4. a kind of electrostatic attraction sample scrap collecting method and apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：For ease of Metal spherical shell and the positive contralateral exposure neighboring area of push electrode are made curve form by the pull of the soft bag；The metal spherical shell It also can be by other materials of outer surface metal-plated membrane or metal clad film (such as：Plastics) spherical shell replacement, having at this time will be golden Belong to film layer with capacitance cathode to be connected.
5. a kind of electrostatic attraction sample scrap collecting method and apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described soft The open end of thin bag is embedded with elastic.
6. a kind of electrostatic attraction sample scrap collecting method and apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The electricity Rong Yi selects the fixed metallized paper capacitor of capacity.
7. a kind of electrostatic attraction sample scrap collecting method and apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described to push away Power transmission extremely metal two-dimensional network structure, the low-field electrode and the high-field electrode are circular ring metal piece.
CN201810131150.4A 2018-02-09 2018-02-09 A kind of electrostatic attraction sample scrap collecting method and apparatus Withdrawn CN108355837A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201810131150.4A CN108355837A (en) 2018-02-09 2018-02-09 A kind of electrostatic attraction sample scrap collecting method and apparatus

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201810131150.4A CN108355837A (en) 2018-02-09 2018-02-09 A kind of electrostatic attraction sample scrap collecting method and apparatus

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CN108355837A true CN108355837A (en) 2018-08-03

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112190798A (en) * 2019-08-22 2021-01-08 李珍 Device and method for enabling a user to inhale or ingest an electron stream

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112190798A (en) * 2019-08-22 2021-01-08 李珍 Device and method for enabling a user to inhale or ingest an electron stream

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Application publication date: 20180803

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