CN108354711B - 防反渗型液体吸收芯 - Google Patents
防反渗型液体吸收芯 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108354711B CN108354711B CN201810196882.1A CN201810196882A CN108354711B CN 108354711 B CN108354711 B CN 108354711B CN 201810196882 A CN201810196882 A CN 201810196882A CN 108354711 B CN108354711 B CN 108354711B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防反渗型液体吸收芯，该防反渗型液体吸收芯包括由高吸水性聚合物、卫生纸和绒毛浆制成的吸收层以及粘合设置在吸收层一侧的防反渗膜，所述防反渗膜包括由PTFE分散乳液喷涂而成的中间层以及对称设置在中间层两侧的外层，所述外层为嵌设有混合料I的亲水性无纺布制成；混合料I和亲水性无纺布的质量比为20~24:100，混合料I包括43~45wt%的棉纤维、16~18wt%的甘油、10~11wt%的沙棘果油、10~12wt%的乳木果油、7~8wt%的鳄梨果油、5~6wt%的纳米碳酸钙和4~5wt%的微晶纤维素，具有防反渗的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及防反渗型液体吸收芯。
背景技术
由于高吸水性聚合物无毒、无刺激和高度生物相容的特点，在医疗卫生用品领域得到了最为广泛的应用。人们利用高吸水性聚合物作为吸收材料吸收尿液、血液、药物，制作如婴儿纸尿裤（片）、妇女卫生巾、成人失禁用品、餐巾纸、宠物卫生用品、医用药棉等。
授权公告号为CN101797201B、授权公告日为2012年10月10日的中国专利公开了一种高分子复合芯体及其制备方法。
研究发现，该高分子复合芯体存在反渗的现象。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种防反渗型液体吸收芯，具有防反渗的优点。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的：
一种防反渗型液体吸收芯，包括由高吸水性聚合物、卫生纸和绒毛浆制成的吸收层以及粘合设置在吸收层一侧的防反渗膜，所述防反渗膜包括由PTFE分散乳液喷涂而成的中间层以及对称设置在中间层两侧的外层，所述外层为嵌设有混合料I的亲水性无纺布制成；混合料I和亲水性无纺布的质量比为20~24:100，混合料I包括43~45wt%的棉纤维、16~18wt%的甘油、10~11wt%的沙棘果油、10~12wt%的乳木果油、7~8wt%的鳄梨果油、5~6wt%的纳米碳酸钙和4~5wt%的微晶纤维素。
采用上述技术方案，将棉纤维、甘油、沙棘果油、乳木果油、鳄梨果油、纳米碳酸钙和微晶纤维素按上述比例制成的混合料I的共熔点为35~37℃（接近人体排出的初始尿液温度），同时由于混合料I和由疏水的由PTFE分散乳液喷涂而成的中间层之间的相容性高所以两者结合紧密使得外层和中间层的性能得到改善，所以该混合料I嵌设在亲水性无纺布中结合由疏水的由PTFE分散乳液喷涂而成的中间层可综合改善在pH=4.0~8.0条件下防反渗膜的亲水性（即在35~37℃时亲水性佳，而随着温度的降低亲水性变差），在pH=4.0~8.0条件下35℃上下温度的水通量变化明显，可起到即开即停的效果，因此在由高吸水性聚合物、卫生纸和绒毛浆制成的吸收层外粘合一层防反渗膜可起到35~37℃通液而30~25℃下隔离防反渗的作用。
卫生纸、绒毛浆和聚丙烯酸钠（高吸水性聚合物）是最重要的功能层；卫生纸可防止聚丙烯酸钠层刺破背膜从而增加芯体强度；绒毛浆一般采用植物性纤维材料且其主要作用为吸收、传导尿液并作分散、固定聚丙烯酸钠层的载体，现有技术中其吸收倍率要求在10~12g(H2O)/g左右且现有技术中发现在压力下绒毛浆无法保持尿液而存在反渗现象；聚丙酸钠层主要作用为吸收和保持尿液，其自由吸收倍率在40g（生理盐水）/g左右，压力下（0.7psi，1psi=6894.76Pa）的吸收倍率为20~25g（生理盐水）/g左右，现有技术中需要提高该层的芯体中的用量才可减少反渗且一般提高用量至芯体的30wt%以上，但在本申请中仅需0.5wt%即可完成防反渗的效果。
进一步优选为：所述混合料I中还包括0.2~0.5wt%的乳糖。
进一步优选为：所述混合料I在混合前，棉纤维经乙醇水溶液浸泡前处理。
进一步优选为：所述高吸水性聚合物为聚丙烯酸钠。
进一步优选为：用于粘合防反渗膜和吸收层的粘合剂包括30~35wt%的环氧乙烯树脂、5~8wt%的NaCl、10~12wt%的玉米糊精、20~22wt%的聚丙烯酸钠和0.5~0.8wt%的醋酸钠，余量为水。
进一步优选为：所述PTFE分散乳液包括90~92wt%的市售PTFE乳液、4~5wt%的PEO-PPO-PEO三嵌段共聚物和4~5wt%的棉纤维。
进一步优选为：所述防反渗膜中，靠近吸收层的外层、中间层和远离吸收层的外层的厚度比2.2~2.4:1:1.5~1.6。
进一步优选为：所述防反渗型液体吸收芯由如下方法制备得到：
（1）防反渗膜的制备：
①棉纤维的前处理：将棉纤维放入前处理容器中，加入乙醇水溶液，浸泡0.5~2hr后取出棉纤维，于35~40℃下鼓风烘干；乙醇水溶液中，乙醇的纯度为75~85wt%，棉纤维和乙醇水溶液的质量比1:2.5~3.0；
②混合料I的制备：将经前处理的棉纤维、纳米碳酸钙和微晶纤维素分别粉碎，棉纤维过5目筛，纳米碳酸钙和微晶纤维素过20目筛；将配方量的棉纤维放入混合容器中，加入配方量的甘油并搅拌混匀，加入配方量的纳米碳酸钙和微晶纤维素并搅拌混匀，加入配方量的沙棘果油、乳木果油和鳄梨果油并搅拌混匀；
③外层的制备：将亲水性无纺布铺平，于其上喷涂上一层乙醇，再于其上喷涂上40~45℃的混合料I，置于20~25℃下晾干；
④防反渗膜的制备：将一个外层铺设在40~45℃下预热，预热后于其上喷涂上48~50℃的PTFE分散乳液，然后再铺设一个40~45℃的外层，挤压成型，置于20~25℃下晾干；
（2）防反渗型液体吸收芯的制备：在吸收层的一侧用粘合剂粘合防反渗膜。
综上所述，本发明具有以下有益效果：
在pH=4.0~8.0（尿液pH）范围内，在相同pH的条件（相当于使用状态）下，本申请的防反渗型液体吸收芯的水通量在35~37℃（接近人体排出尿液时尿液的温度）较大且在25~30℃（接近人体排出尿液后一段时间内尿液的温度）较小，说明：刚排出的尿液可快速通过本申请的防反渗型液体吸收芯从而达到导流的作用，而排出一段时间后的尿液由于温度降低而通过本申请的防反渗型液体吸收芯的量较小从而起到隔离（即防反渗）的作用；
在40℃/75%RH下裸露放置或37℃的pH=6.0水溶液中浸泡后，本申请的防反渗型液体吸收芯的剥离强度几乎无变化（误差范围内），同时体验发现在40℃/75%RH下裸露放置或37℃的pH=6.0水溶液中浸泡后能保持原体感，体验效果佳。
附图说明
图1是实施例1的剖面结构示意图。
图中，1、吸收层；2、防反渗膜；21、外层；22、中间层；3、粘合剂层。
具体实施方式
本具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释，其并不是对本发明的限制，本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改，但只要在本发明的保护范围内都受到专利法的保护。
除非特殊注明，本申请的实施例的原料信息为：
市售棉纤维购自商丘市润丰棉业有限公司，其为细绒棉品种；
市售亲水性无纺布购自长兴恒月无纺布有限公司，其为ES短纤无纺布；
沙棘果油购自藤迈生物科技有限责任公司，乳木果油购自广州毅锦生物科技有限公司，鳄梨果油购自广州蔻德生物科技有限公司；
市售PTFE乳液采用美国杜邦的DISP 40LX；PEO-PPO-PEO三嵌段共聚物购自Sigma-Aldrich，其平均Mn为5800且EO:PO:EO=20:70:20；
环氧乙烯树脂购自上海慎则化工科技有限公司，其为零元素品牌的901型号；玉米糊精购自济宁宏明化学试剂有限公司，其为药用糊精；
聚丙烯酸钠购自武汉佰兴生物科技有限公司，其为食品级；
其他原料均购自国药集团。
实施例1：一种防反渗型液体吸收芯，包括通过粘合剂层3粘合的吸收层1以及防反渗膜2，防反渗膜2包括依次设置的外层21、中间层22和外层21。该防反渗型液体吸收芯由如下方法制备得到：
（1）防反渗膜2的制备：
①棉纤维的前处理：将棉纤维放入前处理容器中，加入乙醇的纯度为85wt%的乙醇水溶液，浸泡0.5hr后取出棉纤维，于35℃下鼓风烘干；棉纤维和乙醇水溶液的质量比1:2.5；
②混合料I的制备：将经前处理的棉纤维、纳米碳酸钙和微晶纤维素分别粉碎，棉纤维过5目筛，纳米碳酸钙和微晶纤维素过20目筛；将配方量的棉纤维放入混合容器中，加入配方量的甘油并搅拌混匀，加入配方量的纳米碳酸钙和微晶纤维素并搅拌混匀，加入配方量的沙棘果油、乳木果油和鳄梨果油并搅拌混匀；
混合料I的配方为：42.5wt%的棉纤维、18wt%的甘油、10wt%的沙棘果油、12wt%的乳木果油、7wt%的鳄梨果油、6wt%的纳米碳酸钙、4wt%的微晶纤维素和0.5wt%的乳糖；
③外层21的制备：将市售亲水性无纺布铺平，于其上喷涂上一层乙醇，再于其上喷涂上45℃的混合料I，置于25℃下晾干；
混合料I和亲水性无纺布的质量比为24:100；
④防反渗膜2的制备：将一个外层21铺设在45℃下预热，预热后于其上喷涂上50℃的PTFE分散乳液，然后再铺设一个45℃的外层21，挤压成型，置于25℃下晾干；
PTFE分散乳液包括90wt%的市售PTFE乳液、5wt%的PEO-PPO-PEO三嵌段共聚物和5wt%的棉纤维；防反渗膜2中，靠近吸收层1的外层21、中间层22和远离吸收层1的外层21的厚度比2.2:1:1.5；
（2）防反渗型液体吸收芯的制备：在吸收层1的一侧用粘合剂粘合防反渗膜2；其中，吸收层1为市售纸尿布的吸收层材料，经定性检测其由聚丙烯酸钠（高吸水性聚合物）、卫生纸和绒毛浆制成；
用于粘合防反渗膜2和吸收层1的粘合剂3包括30wt%的环氧乙烯树脂、8wt%的NaCl、10wt%的玉米糊精、22wt%的聚丙烯酸钠、0.8wt%的醋酸钠和29.2wt%的水。
实施例2：一种防反渗型液体吸收芯，包括通过粘合剂层3粘合的吸收层1以及防反渗膜2，防反渗膜2包括依次设置的外层21、中间层22和外层21。该防反渗型液体吸收芯由如下方法制备得到：
（1）防反渗膜2的制备：
①棉纤维的前处理：将棉纤维放入前处理容器中，加入乙醇的纯度为75wt%的乙醇水溶液，浸泡2hr后取出棉纤维，于40℃下鼓风烘干；棉纤维和乙醇水溶液的质量比1:3.0；
②混合料I的制备：将经前处理的棉纤维、纳米碳酸钙和微晶纤维素分别粉碎，棉纤维过5目筛，纳米碳酸钙和微晶纤维素过20目筛；将配方量的棉纤维放入混合容器中，加入配方量的甘油并搅拌混匀，加入配方量的纳米碳酸钙和微晶纤维素并搅拌混匀，加入配方量的沙棘果油、乳木果油和鳄梨果油并搅拌混匀；
混合料I的配方为：44.8wt%的棉纤维、16wt%的甘油、11wt%的沙棘果油、10wt%的乳木果油、8wt%的鳄梨果油、5wt%的纳米碳酸钙、5wt%的微晶纤维素和0.2wt%的乳糖；
③外层21的制备：将市售亲水性无纺布铺平，于其上喷涂上一层乙醇，再于其上喷涂上40℃的混合料I，置于20℃下晾干；
混合料I和亲水性无纺布的质量比为20:100；
④防反渗膜2的制备：将一个外层21铺设在40℃下预热，预热后于其上喷涂上48℃的PTFE分散乳液，然后再铺设一个40℃的外层21，挤压成型，置于20℃下晾干；
PTFE分散乳液包括92wt%的市售PTFE乳液、4wt%的PEO-PPO-PEO三嵌段共聚物和4wt%的棉纤维；防反渗膜2中，靠近吸收层1的外层21、中间层22和远离吸收层1的外层21的厚度比2.4:1:1.6；
（2）防反渗型液体吸收芯的制备：在吸收层1的一侧用粘合剂粘合防反渗膜2；其中，吸收层1为市售纸尿布的吸收层材料，经定性检测其由聚丙烯酸钠（高吸水性聚合物）、卫生纸和绒毛浆制成；
用于粘合防反渗膜2和吸收层1的粘合剂3包括35wt%的环氧乙烯树脂、5wt%的NaCl、12wt%的玉米糊精、20wt%的聚丙烯酸钠、0.5wt%的醋酸钠和27.5wt%的水。
实施例3：一种防反渗型液体吸收芯，与实施例1的不同之处在于，混合料I中，乳糖用等量的棉纤维替代。
实施例4：一种防反渗型液体吸收芯，与实施例1的不同之处在于，混合料I在混合前，棉纤维未经乙醇水溶液浸泡前处理，即棉纤维直接采用市售的棉纤维。
实施例5：一种防反渗型液体吸收芯，与实施例1的不同之处在于，PTFE分散乳液为市售PTFE乳液。
实施例6：一种防反渗型液体吸收芯，与实施例1的不同之处在于，防反渗膜(2)中，靠近吸收层(1)的外层(21)、中间层(22)和远离吸收层(1)的外层(21)的厚度比4:1:3。
实施例7：一种防反渗型液体吸收芯，与实施例1的不同之处在于，用于粘合防反渗膜(2)和吸收层(1)的粘合剂采用市售的环氧乙烯树脂粘合剂。
水通量测试
试验对象：实施例1-6的防反渗膜，将防反渗膜的厚度控制在1.0mm。
试验内容：测试试验对象在不同温度（包括25、30、33、35和37℃）、且一个大气压、且不同试剂（pH=3.0、3.7、4.0、5.0、6.0、7.0、8.0、8.2、9.0的水溶液，水溶液均用水与NaOH和/或HCl配制）中的通水量。平行试验5次，取平均值。
测试结果：如表1-6所示。表1-6显示：（1）在相同pH的条件下，在25~37℃范围内，防反渗膜的水通量随温度下降而降低且分别在33~35℃和33~30℃有骤变点，防反渗膜的水通量在35~37℃较大可通过一定量的溶液但在25~30℃较小通水量较小；（2）在25~37℃范围内且相同pH的条件下，防反渗膜的最大水通量和防反渗膜的最小水通量差值最大的在pH=4.0~8.0之间，35~37℃的防反渗膜的水通量和25~30℃的防反渗膜的水通量差值最大的也在pH=4.0~8.0之间；（3）以pH=6.0为例，在25~37℃范围内，防反渗膜的最大水通量和防反渗膜的最小水通量差值最大的、35~37℃的防反渗膜的水通量和25~30℃的防反渗膜的水通量差值最大的、在骤变点下降量最大的顺序均为：实施例1和2＞实施例3＞实施例4和6＞实施例5；pH=4.0、5.0、7.0和8.0也有类似规律。
表1 实施例1的防反渗膜的水通量测试结果（单位：μl/s）
表2 实施例2的防反渗膜的水通量测试结果（单位：μl/s）
表3 实施例3的防反渗膜的水通量测试结果（单位：μl/s）
表4 实施例4的防反渗膜的水通量测试结果（单位：μl/s）
表5 实施例5的防反渗膜的水通量测试结果（单位：μl/s）
表6 实施例6的防反渗膜的水通量测试结果（单位：μl/s）
剥离强度测试
试验对象：实施例1、2和7。
试验内容：测试试验对象的剥离强度，作为初始剥离强度i0；然后将测试对象分别裸露放置在40℃/75%RH以及浸泡在37℃的pH=6.0水溶液（HCl加水配制）中，在放置或浸泡1hr、4hr和12hr后测试试验对象的剥离强度，作为终点剥离强度ix；计算剥离强度变化率x，x=(ix- i0)/ i0的绝对值。平行试验5次，取平均值。
测试结果：如表7所示。表7显示：实施例1和实施例2在40℃/75%RH下裸露放置或37℃的pH=6.0水溶液中浸泡后，剥离强度几乎无变化（误差范围内），而实施例7在40℃/75%RH下裸露放置或37℃的pH=6.0水溶液中浸泡后其剥离强度变化率随放置或浸泡时间增加而增加；同时体验发现在40℃/75%RH下裸露放置或37℃的pH=6.0水溶液中浸泡后的实施例7体感差于初始的实施例7，而实施例1和2均保持原体感。
表7 剥离强度测试结果
Claims (7)
1.一种防反渗型液体吸收芯，其特征在于，包括由高吸水性聚合物、卫生纸和绒毛浆制成的吸收层(1)以及粘合设置在吸收层(1)一侧的防反渗膜(2)，所述防反渗膜(2)包括由PTFE分散乳液喷涂而成的中间层(22)以及对称设置在中间层(22)两侧的外层(21)，所述外层(21)为嵌设有混合料I的亲水性无纺布制成；混合料I和亲水性无纺布的质量比为20～24:100，混合料I包括43～45wt％的棉纤维、16～18wt％的甘油、10～11wt％的沙棘果油、10～12wt％的乳木果油、7～8wt％的鳄梨果油、5～6wt％的纳米碳酸钙和4～5wt％的微晶纤维素；
所述防反渗型液体吸收芯由如下方法制备得到：
(1)防反渗膜(2)的制备：
①棉纤维的前处理：将棉纤维放入前处理容器中，加入乙醇水溶液，浸泡0.5～2hr后取出棉纤维，于35～40℃下鼓风烘干；乙醇水溶液中，乙醇的纯度为75～85wt％，棉纤维和乙醇水溶液的质量比1:2.5～3.0；
②混合料I的制备：将经前处理的棉纤维、纳米碳酸钙和微晶纤维素分别粉碎，棉纤维过5目筛，纳米碳酸钙和微晶纤维素过20目筛；将配方量的棉纤维放入混合容器中，加入配方量的甘油并搅拌混匀，加入配方量的纳米碳酸钙和微晶纤维素并搅拌混匀，加入配方量的沙棘果油、乳木果油和鳄梨果油并搅拌混匀；
③外层(21)的制备：将亲水性无纺布铺平，于其上喷涂上一层乙醇，再于其上喷涂上40～45℃的混合料I，置于20～25℃下晾干；
④防反渗膜(2)的制备：将一个外层(21)铺设在40～45℃下预热，预热后于其上喷涂上48～50℃的PTFE分散乳液，然后再铺设一个40～45℃的外层(21)，挤压成型，置于20～25℃下晾干；
(2)防反渗型液体吸收芯的制备：在吸收层(1)的一侧用粘合剂粘合防反渗膜(2)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防反渗型液体吸收芯，其特征在于，所述混合料I中还包括0.2～0.5wt％的乳糖。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防反渗型液体吸收芯，其特征在于，所述混合料I在混合前，棉纤维经乙醇水溶液浸泡前处理。
4.根据权利要求1所述的防反渗型液体吸收芯，其特征在于，所述高吸水性聚合物为聚丙烯酸钠。
5.根据权利要求4所述的防反渗型液体吸收芯，其特征在于，用于粘合防反渗膜(2)和吸收层(1)的粘合剂包括30～35wt％的环氧乙烯树脂、5～8wt％的NaCl、10～12wt％的玉米糊精、20～22wt％的聚丙烯酸钠和0.5～0.8wt％的醋酸钠，余量为水。
6.根据权利要求1所述的防反渗型液体吸收芯，其特征在于，所述PTFE分散乳液包括90～92wt％的市售PTFE乳液、4～5wt％的PEO-PPO-PEO三嵌段共聚物和4～5wt％的棉纤维。
7.根据权利要求1所述的防反渗型液体吸收芯，其特征在于，所述防反渗膜(2)中，靠近吸收层(1)的外层(21)、中间层(22)和远离吸收层(1)的外层(21)的厚度比2.2～2.4:1:1.5～1.6。
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