CN108351286A - A kind of dual-spindle testing device of monitoring granule medium motion feature - Google Patents
A kind of dual-spindle testing device of monitoring granule medium motion feature Download PDFInfo
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- CN108351286A CN108351286A CN201680064623.2A CN201680064623A CN108351286A CN 108351286 A CN108351286 A CN 108351286A CN 201680064623 A CN201680064623 A CN 201680064623A CN 108351286 A CN108351286 A CN 108351286A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0076—Hardness, compressibility or resistance to crushing
- G01N2203/0085—Compressibility
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0254—Biaxial, the forces being applied along two normal axes of the specimen
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Abstract
Dual-spindle testing room includes：Upper cover；Sample room；At least one observation window attaches to the sample room；Two film framves are attached with flexible membrane and are attached at the two opposite sides of the sample room；Two side rooms, each side room are connected to the sample room, and surround described two film framves as the storage room for accommodating liquid；And pedestal.
Description
Background technology
Soil is used as granule medium, and the related physical mechanism for controlling its macroscopical engineering properties depends on particles' interaction.
Numerical simulation and experiment, Microscopic Research Methods based on distinct element method (DEM) is utilized to be widely used in finding out soil nature matter
Inherent mechanism.Although discrete element simulation has been widely used and has achieved plentiful and substantial achievement in research, it would be appreciated that
The prediction of discrete element simulation is decided by input granule geometric dimension and preset exposure model, inputs granule geometric dimension and connect with default
Touch type is simplification or idealization physically.Therefore, the conclusion for simulating gained may be limited.
It is known in the art to realize the two-dimensional analog that granular materials is simulated with rod-shaped aggregated form.The rod-shaped collection of the two dimension
Fit characterization property is consistent with the property of true earth sample, and is most importantly easy to observe particle motion conditions.To bar
Most of tests of shape aggregate are carried out using biaxial device.However, twin shaft shearing equipment is typically to customize, it is of high cost, no
It is easy to replicate；Also, commonly used equipment only allows to test using the sample room with rigid boundary, to which expection can influence sample
The feature of deformation, for example, the development of limitation shear band；In addition, the conventional measurement technology of tracking particle movement can be by advanced
Means (i.e. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and close-range photogrammetry) further increase resolution ratio and precision, realize from
Grain scale and the target that sample motion is disclosed on particle contact scale；Grain shape used in experiment is also limited by regular shape
Shape, it is most of for circle.Therefore, it is very must that one kind, which can solve novel biaxial test device of all the problems above-mentioned,
It wants.
The appearance of 3D printing technique (also referred to as increasing material manufacturing), gives many fields, including biomedical engineering and health care,
Manufacturing industry, even food production, bring significant impact and variation.Although this technology becomes more and more popular, it is in ground work
It is not used widely but in the related application of journey.Therefore, the present invention is manufactured using 3D printing in dual-spindle testing device
At least some components.
Invention content
On the one hand, embodiments disclosed herein is related to a kind of dual-spindle testing room, including：Upper cover；Sample room；It is at least one
Observation window attaches to the sample room；Two film framves are attached with flexible membrane and are connected to opposite the two of the sample room
Side；Two side rooms, each side room are connected to the sample room, and surround described two films as the storage room for accommodating liquid
Frame；And pedestal.
On the other hand, embodiments disclosed herein is related to a kind of dual-spindle testing device, including：Loading frame；Dual-spindle testing
Room, including outer cover, sample room, at least one observation window, two film framves, two side rooms and pedestal, at least one observation window attachment
In the sample room, two film framves are attached with flexible membrane and are connected to the two opposite sides of the sample room, and each side room is as appearance
It receives the storage room of liquid, is connected to the sample room, and surround described two film framves；Volume measurement device；And control unit.
On the other hand, embodiments disclosed herein is related to a kind of special using the measurement granule medium movement of dual-spindle testing device
The method of sign, including：Granule medium is loaded into the sample room of dual-spindle testing room, the dual-spindle testing room includes：Outer cover, sample
Product room, at least one observation window, two film framves, two side rooms and pedestal, at least one observation window attach to the sample room, and two
A film frame is attached with flexible membrane and is connected to the two opposite sides of the sample room, storage room of each side room as receiving liquid,
It is connected to the sample room, and surrounds described two film framves；The dual-spindle testing room is installed on loading frame；To the particle
Medium applies confining pressure；Apply the axial load of variation to the granule medium；And from institute during applying the axial load
It states granule medium and obtains vertical displacement data.
Other aspects and advantages of the present invention will be embodied from the following description and the appended claims.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the dual-spindle testing device of one or more embodiments according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the dual-spindle testing room of one or more embodiments according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the exploded view of the dual-spindle testing room of one or more embodiments according to the present invention.
Fig. 4-10 is sample preparation and the assembling process of the dual-spindle testing room of one or more embodiments according to the present invention
Procedure chart.
Specific implementation mode
The twin shaft sample that embodiments disclosed herein relates in general to dual-spindle testing device and used in dual-spindle testing device
Product test cabinet.More specifically, the embodiment of the present invention be related to the twin shaft sample test room with flexible boundary and they double
Application in axis test device.As described above, with numerical simulation explain the inherent mechanism of granule medium (for example, soil) be restricted and
Excessively simplify so that physical test becomes an important supplement in micromechanics research.It is designed in acquisition experimental evidence
In various physical tests, biaxial device is made extensively due to the micromechanics characteristic involved by it is readily characterized during the test
With.
In one or more embodiments, dual-spindle testing device disclosed by the invention generally comprises the load of dual-spindle testing room
Frame, volume measurement device and control unit.In one or more embodiments, at least some of dual-spindle testing device component can
The component in three more conventional axis test devices is used for reference, these components need not be improved, or only slightly modified, can
Meet normal operation needs.For example, according to the present invention, the loading frame and control unit of three axis test devices only carry out simple and often
The improvement of rule can be used for dual-spindle testing device.
Loading frame is used for dual-spindle testing room being supported on suitable position, and has and transfer loads to dual-spindle testing room and its
The mechanism of inner sample.In one or more embodiments, the mechanism for transferring loads to dual-spindle testing room is piston rod, and
Load can be applied by loading device that control unit is controlled.In one or more embodiments, it is applied by loading device
Load transducer monitoring may be used in the axial load added, and the vertical displacement of piston rod (indicates to make in the axial load applied
With the vertical displacement of lower sample) it can be measured by linear variable difference transformer (LVDT).It is measured using volume measurement device
The volume of liquid (such as water) changes because of its increase with sample pressure.In one or more embodiments, cubing
Device may be used two pressure sensors and measure confining pressure (σ in dual-spindle testing room respectively3) and height of water level, to judge sample
The volume change of product.Control unit includes electronic equipment, as described above, the load applied on sample during control test.Specifically
For, control unit may be coupled to binary channels Pneumatic loading to apply deviatoric stress (σ to sampled) and confining pressure (σ3), and can
To be connected to signal adjustment unit, Processing Interface unit and computer.In one or more embodiments, dual-spindle testing device is also
Including digital camera, digital camera positions and is arranged to continuously capture the high-resolution of sample in dual-spindle testing room dduring test
Image.These images can be used for Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) analysis, which tracks and analyze particle during the test
Movement and interparticle contact.
For example, Fig. 1 shows the dual-spindle testing device 100 of one or more embodiments according to the present invention.Dual-spindle testing fills
The loading frame 124 set is located at dual-spindle testing room (details of dual-spindle testing room itself is as shown in Figure 2,3) shown in the dotted line of Fig. 1
(1) in part；The volume measurement device of dual-spindle testing device is located in (2) part in Fig. 1；The control list of dual-spindle testing device
Member is located in (3) part in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1 specifically illustrates most compositions of loading frame and dual-spindle testing room shown in (1) part.For example, outer piston
Bar 102 is shown as upper end and is connected to loading unit 126, and be shown as just enter dual-spindle testing room upper cover 104 and just with
Inner carrier 106 engages.Inner carrier 106 possesses the inner piston rod 108 being connect with load plate 110.Inner carrier 106, inner piston rod 108
Enter the sample room 112 of dual-spindle testing room, the upper surface pair of load plate 110 and internal particulate samples 114 with load plate 110
It connects.In addition it is also shown that side room 116 is located at the two opposite sides of sample room 112.Side room 116 includes (or being answered for applying pressure
Power) liquid storage room 118 and detach liquid and particulate samples 114 flexible membrane 120.Pedestal 122 is located at dual-spindle testing room
Bottom.As shown in Figure 1, load transducer 128 can be set in device to measure deviatoric stress (σd), as shown in Figure 1, linearly
Variable differential transformer (LVDT) 130 can be arranged for measuring axial strain (εa), pressure sensor 132 and 134 can be set
It sets for measuring test cabinet confining pressure and volume change respectively.
Fig. 2 shows the schematic diagrames of the dual-spindle testing room 200 of one or more embodiments according to the present invention.It is also opened up in this figure
Show some components shown in FIG. 1, including：104, two side rooms 116 of upper cover, sample room 112 and pedestal 122.In fig. 2, living
Rod seal part 202 is located at 104 top of upper cover, and piston rod seal component 202 is used to seal and be directed to interior work by outer piston bar 102
Plug 106, as shown in before Fig. 1.Observation window 204 is also shown, observation window 204 when particulate samples are loaded into sample room 112
The clear visual field that particulate samples are provided, to allow to use above-mentioned digital camera capture images.Fig. 2 shows dual-spindle testing rooms
200 upper cover 104 connected by column 206 and pedestal 122, column 206 are used to maintain the stability of sample room 112, and are surveying
Its robustness is kept during examination.
Fig. 3 shows the more detailed exploded view of dual-spindle testing room 200 according to the present invention.Be also shown in the figure Fig. 1 and/
Or some components described in Fig. 2, including：It is 104, two side rooms 116 of upper cover, sample room 112, pedestal 122, inner carrier 106, interior
Piston rod 108, load plate, sample room, piston rod seal component 202, observation window 204 and column 206 (only one of mark four).Fig. 3
In newly illustrate piston supports 300, piston supports 300 are used for by cooperation in the groove of sample room 112 will be interior
Piston 106 is held in place by；Fig. 3 also shows film frame 302, is used to support flexible membrane, and flexible membrane will be in sample room 112
Particulate samples and the liquid in the fluid storage room in side room 116 separate.Although for purposes of clarity, the liquid in side room 116
Body storage room do not indicate, but high-visible.Film frame 302 in Fig. 3 has trepanning, flexible membrane to be placed in tapping, this is opened
Hole matches with the corresponding trepanning on side room 116, and these trepannings are docked directly with one another when dual-spindle testing room 200 assembles.
For blind nut 304 (only marking one of two) for reversibly connecting upper cover 104 with column 206, column itself is reversibly attached to bottom
Seat 122.
In one or more embodiments, as shown in Figure 1, the upper cover of dual-spindle testing room according to the present invention and side room are used for
Enclosure space is formed, can be by the way that compressed air be applied on the liquid in the liquid storage room in side room, and then pass through separation
The flexible membrane of liquid and sample is applied to sample to apply confining pressure σ3.In addition to applying confining pressure (σ3) except, also by load plate and interior
Piston is by deviatoric stress (σd) it is applied to sample.During the test, since separate sample and liquid is flexible membrane, when sample exists
In shear history when lateral deformation (sample charges into water storage space), the water level in two side rooms also changes therewith.Due to side room
Liquid storage room is fluidly connected with volume measurement device (see Fig. 1), and the variation of the water level can be surveyed by volume measurement device
Amount, and the variation of water level can also be used to the volume change of judgement sample.To realize the accurate measurement of volume change, side room is acted on
It must be identical with the air pressure in volume measurement device.
In one or more embodiments, as shown in figure 3, can have hole at the central upper portion of sample room, for installing work
Fill in frame.Piston shelf applies axial load (that is, deviatoric stress σ during the test for reducingd) when inner carrier component and hole inner wall
Between abrasion.The top of inner carrier component can be connected to outer piston bar, be then attached to loading frame/system.Inner carrier group
The bottom of part is connected to load plate, by axial load (that is, deviatoric stress σd) it is transmitted to sample.In one or more embodiments
In, the border circular areas (not including outer piston bar occupied area) of inner carrier is identical as the cross-sectional area of load plate, therefore can protect
It demonstrate,proves in test process, again to sample from piston to load plate, the stress of transmission is equal.In one or more embodiments, sample
Room has the cuboid inner space for accommodating test sample.
In one or more embodiments, as Fig. 3 is clearly illustrated, sample room can be attached that there are two opposite observations
Window and two opposite flexible membrane framves.Flexible membrane frame allows have flexible sample boundaries, this passes through first in each flexible membrane frame
Then the two opposite sides of sample room are installed/be attached to entire flexible membrane frame to realize by upper attachment flexible membrane.The material of flexible membrane
It is not particularly limited.However, in one or more embodiments, flexible membrane can be latex film or any other type of polymerization
Object film, the film should have flexible and substantially liquid impermeable.Transparent observation window analyzes institute convenient for follow-up particle image velocimetry (PIV)
The image capture needed.In one or more embodiments, the reference point of 16 known coordinates can be at least marked on observation window,
It can be used for the pixel coordinate of captured images being converted to the space coordinate analyzed for above-mentioned PIV.For example, neighboring reference point
Between distance be set as given value in the horizontal and vertical directions, to obtain the Pixel Dimensions of known image captured, and
Allow to carry out detailed PIV analyses.
In one or more embodiments, the various components of dual-spindle testing room can be manufactured using 3D printing.For example, due to
The geometry of sample room complexity, to the conventional method including carrying out operation using lathe, drill bit, press machine and molding machine
Difficulty is brought, so it is especially advantageous to make sample room using 3D printing.Therefore, in one or more embodiments, at least
Using 3D printing perparation of specimen room, and other components of dual-spindle testing room use conventional method by aluminium or stainless steel making, exception
To be observation window can be manufactured by transparent plastic or glass material.
Although sample room complex geometry, still it is expected to be made into single-piece, to ensure its seamless and leakproof.It is general next
It says, 3D printing refers to the process of synthesis threedimensional solid, and the pantostrat of threedimensional solid is formed by the original material of no pressing,
Include various polymer materials, ceramics and metal/alloy.Sample room (or arbitrary other assemblies of dual-spindle testing device) can be with
Using acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) (ABS) polymer and copolymer that can form high rigidity and high intensity solid or other
Similar polymer is manufactured by 3D printing.In one or more embodiments, sample room can also by other high rigidities and
High-strength material (such as stainless steel) is made.The manufacture of object carries out under the control of the computer, and computer uses the object to be created
Mathematical model control manufacturing process.Mathematical model can be scanned by CAD (CAD) software package by 3D
Instrument, or the image of existing object is replicated by Applied Photography measurement method and software to build.
According to the sample preparation of the dual-spindle testing room of one or more embodiments of the invention and assembling process such as Fig. 4-10 institutes
Show.As shown in figure 4, first, sample room to be placed on to the top of pedestal.Note that film frame, inner carrier component and load plate are in the rank
It has been pre-installed on sample room before section.As shown in figure 5, support plate is positioned in the hole of film frame, as interim lateral branch
Support is in order to sample preparation.In one or more embodiments, test sample will become rod-shaped aggregated form, and bar composition is used for
Simulate the aggregate of granular materials.In one or more embodiments, bar can be made of metal, ceramics or polymer material.
In some embodiments, sand or other arbitrary granular materials also can be used as test sample.Sample loading procedure as shown in Figure 5
In, bar is passed through on front side of sample room layer by layer at random and is put into sample room.In one or more embodiments, all bars can be
It is carefully aligned in one plane, to be easy to the Focussing in image shoot process.It, will be interior after the completion of bar filling and sample preparation
Piston is pushed into suitable position together with load plate, and to be in close contact with the upper surface of rod-shaped aggregate, front and back observation window is put
Suitable position is set and is fixed on, as shown in Figure 6.In one or more embodiments, micro-vacuum pressure (example can then be applied
Such as ,~15kPa) sample to be held in place by, then to replace lateral support plate with the film frame with flexible membrane, such as
Shown in Fig. 7.Then two side rooms are connected to sample room, as shown in Figure 8.Upper cover can be installed to sample room by four columns
With near side room and be closely attached to sample room and side room, and outer piston bar is fixed on to the top of inner carrier component, such as Fig. 9
It is shown.Dual-spindle testing room after the assembling of Fig. 9 is connected to loading frame, and side room is connected to the water storing chamber (figure of storage full water
Shown in 10 left side), as shown in Figure 10.It is once connected to water storing chamber, it can be from water storing chamber to side room water filling.Finally, by body
Product measuring device and control unit are connected at dual-spindle testing device shown in FIG. 1.Figure 10 is also shown that it may be possible to back-pressure Guan Lian
It is connected to upper cover (for example, inlet/outlet shown on the right side of upper cover), for keeping air pressure in side room and volume measurement device
In it is identical, as shown.
Once the assembling of dual-spindle testing device finishes, quiet confining pressure σ can be applied to sample3(such as~200kPa)；Shear history
Axial load (or the deviatoric stress σ of middle applicationd) obtained using strain controlling pattern with the rate for straining adjustable 0.08%/minute
Complete load-deformation curve.That is, during the test, strain rate is fixed, stress is by SERVO CONTROL to keep strain rate permanent
It is fixed.When during the test using digital camera every 1 minute automatic shooting image, stress (σd) and strain (εa) passed by pressure
Sensor and LVDT are measured respectively.
Although describing the present invention by reference to a limited number of embodiment, benefiting from those skilled in the art can design
Without departing from the other embodiment of presently disclosed range.Therefore, the scope of the present invention should be not limited except as by the appended claims.
Claims (18)
1. a kind of dual-spindle testing room, including：
Upper cover；
Sample room；
At least one observation window attaches to the sample room；
Two film framves are attached with flexible membrane and are connected to the two opposite sides of the sample room；
Two side rooms, each side room are connected to the sample room, and surround described two films as the storage room for accommodating liquid
Frame；And
Pedestal.
2. dual-spindle testing room according to claim 1, wherein at least one of described dual-spindle testing room component uses 3D
Printing manufacture.
3. dual-spindle testing room according to claim 2, wherein the sample room is manufactured using 3D printing.
4. dual-spindle testing room according to claim 1, wherein referred to at least 16 at least one observation window
Point.
5. dual-spindle testing room according to claim 1, wherein the flexible membrane is latex.
6. a kind of dual-spindle testing device, including：
Loading frame；
Dual-spindle testing room, including：
Outer cover；
Sample room；
At least one observation window attaches to the sample room；
Two film framves are attached with flexible membrane and are connected to the two opposite sides of the sample room；
Two side rooms, each side room are connected to the sample room, and surround described two films as the storage room for accommodating liquid
Frame；And
Pedestal；
Volume measurement device；And
Control unit.
7. dual-spindle testing device according to claim 6, wherein described control unit is connected to loading unit, and includes
Signal adjustment unit, Processing Interface unit and computer.
8. dual-spindle testing device according to claim 6, further includes digital camera.
9. dual-spindle testing device according to claim 6, wherein at least one component of the dual-spindle testing room uses 3D
Printing manufacture.
10. dual-spindle testing device according to claim 8, wherein the sample room is manufactured using 3D printing.
11. dual-spindle testing device according to claim 6, wherein have at least 16 at least one observation window
Reference point.
12. dual-spindle testing device according to claim 6, wherein the flexible membrane is latex.
13. a kind of method measuring granule medium motion feature using dual-spindle testing device, including：
Granule medium is loaded into the sample room of dual-spindle testing room, the dual-spindle testing room includes：
Outer cover；
Sample room；
At least one observation window attaches to the sample room；
Two film framves, are attached with flexible membrane, and are connected to the two opposite sides of the sample room；
Two side rooms, each side room are connected to the sample room, and surround described two films as the storage room for accommodating liquid
Frame；And
Pedestal；
The dual-spindle testing room is installed on loading frame；
Confining pressure is applied to the granule medium；
Apply the axial load of variation to the granule medium；And
During applying the axial load vertical displacement data are obtained from the granule medium.
14. according to the method for claim 13, wherein the step of applying the confining pressure is by the way that compressed air to be applied to
Liquid in the liquid storage room in the side room is completed.
15. according to the method for claim 14, wherein the confining pressure is static.
16. according to the method for claim 13, wherein the axial load of variation is to stablize increased load.
17. according to the method for claim 13, wherein the vertical displacement data are during applying the axial load
The image of the granule medium is captured at a specific intervals and is obtained.
18. according to the method for claim 13, wherein the granule medium is rod-shaped aggregate.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201562285716P | 2015-11-06 | 2015-11-06 | |
| US62/285,716 | 2015-11-06 | ||
| PCT/CN2016/104641 WO2017076343A1 (en) | 2015-11-06 | 2016-11-04 | Biaxial testing system to examine the kinetic behavior of particulate media |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108351286A true CN108351286A (en) | 2018-07-31 |
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| CN201680064623.2A Pending CN108351286A (en) | 2015-11-06 | 2016-11-04 | A kind of dual-spindle testing device of monitoring granule medium motion feature |
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| WO (1) | WO2017076343A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101814018B1 (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2018-01-30 | 한국건설기술연구원 | Current Hydraulic Fracturing System for Applying Differential Stress |
| KR101814020B1 (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2018-01-02 | 한국건설기술연구원 | Current Hydraulic Fracturing System for Applying Differential Stress |
| CN114136773B (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2023-01-17 | 苏州大学 | PIV (particle image velocimetry) enhanced measurement method for plane strain soil sample deformation |
| FR3138214A1 (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2024-01-26 | Universite de Bordeaux | Equipment for carrying out tests on a sample of material. |
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