CN108347394A - Multi-carrier communications systems and its channel estimation method - Google Patents
Multi-carrier communications systems and its channel estimation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108347394A CN108347394A CN201710060946.0A CN201710060946A CN108347394A CN 108347394 A CN108347394 A CN 108347394A CN 201710060946 A CN201710060946 A CN 201710060946A CN 108347394 A CN108347394 A CN 108347394A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/0204—Channel estimation of multiple channels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/024—Channel estimation channel estimation algorithms
- H04L25/0256—Channel estimation using minimum mean square error criteria
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of multi-carrier communications systems, including transmitting end equipment and receiving device；According to the time cycle, the multiple original symbols of transmitting end equipment processing are simultaneously sent to multiple subcarrier channels, and the receiving device is then handled and detects multiple reception symbols from multiple subcarrier channel.In the time frame of transmission data, initial three of each the subcarrier channel original symbols are the forewords that three given navigator's symbols are constituted, a foreword unit wherein is constituted per three of the three adjacent subcarrier channels forewords, and all navigator's symbols of the foreword unit are indicated with the matrix of a 3x3.When center navigator's symbol of the foreword unit be normalized for 1 or j when, which is：OrThe present invention also discloses the channel estimation method of the multi-carrier communications systems.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is to be related to a kind of wireless or wide frequency communication technology, and more particularly to more in wireless or wide frequency communication technology
The channel estimation method of carrier communication system.
Background technology
In wireless or wide frequency communication, signal transmission is one of key technology.In order to promote the conveying capacity of data, overloading
Wave modulation (multicarrier modulation) has been suggested, and is considered to be an important signal transmission technique, can
To apply in wireless or wide frequency communication.And in further researching and developing, modulate (offset using Offset Quadrature Amplitude
quadrature amplitude modulation；OQAM filter bank multi-carrier (filter bank)
multicarrier；FBMC) system is also subsequently suggested.
The framework of filter bank multi-carrier (hereinafter referred to as FBMC/OQAM) system modulated using Offset Quadrature Amplitude includes
Multiple subcarrier channels are the channels of corresponding different frequency.Data are transmitted according to the time cycle in these subcarrier channels；One
A symbol (symbol) is transmitted in a time cycle, each subcarrier channel.By taking M sub- carrier channels as an example, at one
Between the period have and M symbol while being transmitted, one of symbol is to represent the real part or imaginary part of a complex data；Such as：
Transmit a complex data (a in m-th of subcarrier channelm,n+j am,n+1) mode can be, some time cycle transmission pair
The real part symbol a answeredm,n, then corresponding imaginary part symbol a is transmitted in next time cyclem,n+1, so alternately transmission one is multiple
The real part symbol and imaginary part symbol of number data.In FBMC/OQAM systems, transmitting end equipment is according to aforesaid way or similar work
Method, multiple data symbols (or original symbol) are transmitted to receiving device in channel to profit simultaneously with multiple subcarriers.
However, one of FBMC/OQAM system problem encountered is that there must be enough channel estimation accuracy, could incite somebody to action
The original symbol transmitted is correctly parsed in receiving terminal.
Although traditional technology proposes before actually transmitting data, some given foreword data are first transmitted, to allow to receive
End equipment can estimate the frequency response in each channel, but in wireless or wide frequency communication transmission process, can inevitably introduce
Some noises or interference and cause channel estimation error, and how to reduce this error be wireless or wide frequency communication system design needs
One of emphasis considered.
Invention content
The present invention provide multi-carrier communications systems, proposed in foreword structure can reduce channel estimation error, carry
Rise communication quality.
The present invention provides multi-carrier communications systems, including transmitting end equipment and receiving device.Transmitting end equipment according to when
Between period treatment correspond to multiple subcarrier channels multiple original symbols.Multiple symbol by positive phase appropriate adjustment with
After raising frequency sampling handles and is combined into fundamental frequency signal group by composite filter, it is sent to channel.Receiving device is according to the time
Period by the channel reception fundamental frequency signal group, is then passed through the parsing of parsing filter group, frequency reducing sampling is handled and appropriate anti-
After phase adjustment, then multiple reception symbols corresponding to multiple subcarrier channel are respectively obtained by detector.In transmission data
Time frame (time frame) in, initial three of each the subcarrier channel original symbols are given three symbols that navigate
The foreword that member is constituted wherein constituting a foreword unit per three of the three adjacent subcarrier channels forewords, and is somebody's turn to do
All navigator's symbols of foreword unit are indicated with the matrix of a 3x3.It is 1 that the foreword unit is normalized in center navigator's symbol
Or basis matrix when j is：
Or
Wherein 1 is real number value, and j is imaginary value.
A kind of wireless multi-carrier communications method, including：Fundamental frequency signal group is sent out by transmitting end equipment, wherein according to week time
Phase processing corresponding to multiple subcarrier channels multiple original symbols, wherein multiple symbol by positive phase appropriate adjustment with
After raising frequency sampling handles and is combined into the fundamental frequency signal group by composite filter, it is sent to channel；It is parsed by receiving device
Go out multiple reception symbols, wherein being then passed through parsing filter group by the channel reception fundamental frequency signal group according to the time cycle
Parsing, frequency reducing sampling processing and antiphase appropriate adjustment after, then respectively obtained corresponding to multiple subcarrier by detector
Multiple reception symbols in channel.In the time frame of transmission data, initial three of each the subcarrier channel original symbols
It is the foreword that three given navigator's symbols are constituted, wherein being constituted per three of the three adjacent subcarrier channels forewords
One foreword unit, and all navigator's symbols of the foreword unit are indicated with the matrix of a 3x3.The foreword unit is understood tacitly in
Original symbol of navigating be normalized for 1 or j when basis matrix be：
Or
Wherein 1 is real number value, and j is imaginary value.
According to embodiment, in the multi-carrier communications systems and method, the basis matrix as the foreword unit, or
It is multiplied by constituting the foreword unit after a non-zero constant.
According to embodiment, in the multi-carrier communications systems and method, which includes FBMC/
OQAM systems.
According to embodiment, in the multi-carrier communications systems and method, the receiving device is according to each before this
Speech unit first estimates out the subcarrier channel gain corresponding to center navigator's symbol of the matrix, and reaches least mean-square error
Channel estimation effect.
According to embodiment, in the multi-carrier communications systems and method, the son corresponding to the navigator's symbol of the center carries
Former and later two subcarrier channel gains of wave are using in the channel gain estimation result corresponding to multiple center navigator symbol
It inserts and calculates and obtain.
According to embodiment, a nonoverlapping frequency is corresponded in each described subcarrier channel.
Description of the drawings
Including attached drawing is to further understand the present invention, and attached drawing is incorporated in this specification and constitutes one of this specification
Point.Illustrate the embodiment of the present invention, and principle for explaining the present invention together with the description.
Fig. 1 is the fundamental frequency configuration diagram for the multi-carrier communications systems drawn according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is to understand tacitly boat symbol in the foreword unit drawn according to the embodiment of the present invention in the navigator's symbol pair of periphery
Interference mechanism schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the time-frequency symbol framework comprising foreword unit with quasi- transmission data drawn according to the embodiment of the present invention
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the time-frequency symbol configuration diagram of previous IAM-R schemes.
Fig. 5 is the time-frequency symbol configuration diagram of previous IAM-C schemes.
Fig. 6 is the time-frequency symbol configuration diagram of previous E-IAM-R schemes.
Fig. 7 is the time-frequency symbol configuration diagram of previous E-IAM-C schemes.
Drawing reference numeral explanation
50：Multi-carrier communications systems
52：Transmitting end equipment
54：Receiving device
56：Composite filter group
58：Composite filter
60：Raising frequency sampler
62：Summer
64：Parse filter group
66：Parse filter
68：Frequency reducing sampler
70：Detector
80：Channel
100：Foreword portion
110：Time-frequency symbol framework
120：Time-frequency symbol framework
130：Time-frequency symbol framework
140：Time-frequency symbol framework
150：Time-frequency symbol framework
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is directed to the data mode of multi-carrier communications systems, in the data shelf of time-frequency (time-frequency)
Under structure, proposes foreword unit, advantageously reduce channel estimation error.
The multi-carrier communications systems of the present invention are to illustrate by taking FBMC/OQAM systems as an example, but be not limited thereto.Equally,
Present invention is also not necessarily limited to following lifted embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the fundamental frequency configuration diagram for the multi-carrier communications systems drawn according to the embodiment of the present invention.Refering to figure
1, shown in multi-carrier communications systems 50 be FBMC/OQAM systems, basically comprise transmitting end equipment 52 and receiving device 54.
By taking M subcarrier as an example, each subcarrier has different frequencies and constitutes multiple subcarrier channels, and each subcarrier is logical
The data of a symbol are transmitted in every a period of time in road.
With regard to general framework, transmitting end equipment 52 is according to time cycle processing corresponding to the multiple original of multiple subcarrier channels
Symbol a0,n、a1,n、…、aM-1,n, wherein multiple symbol passes through positive phase e according to frequency orderjπ(n)/2、ejπ(n+1)/2、…、ej π(n+M-1)/2After the processing of product and raising frequency sampler 60, then via composite filter group (synthesis filter bank)
After 56 carry out synthesis and added up by summer (summing unit) 62, fundamental frequency signal group s [k] is constituted, k represents raising frequency sampling
Time cycle sequence afterwards.Composite filter group 56 corresponds to handled number of channels, have M composite filter g [k] 58 and
Corresponding multiplier is multiplied by phase adjustment appropriate.Treated fundamental frequency signal group s [k] is transferred out by channel 80
It goes.The original symbol a of time cycle n transmission before the sampling of non-raising frequency0,n、a1,n、…、aM-1,nIf complex data (am,n+j
am,n+1, m=0,1,2 ..., M-1) real part, then be complex data in the original symbol of next time cycle n+1 transmission
Imaginary part (a0,n+1、a1,n+1、…、aM-1,n+1), vice versa；So alternately transmit the real part symbol and imaginary part symbol of complex data.
However, such as description in further detail below, foreword data can be first transmitted before transmitting actual data, carry out channel estimation.
With regard to the framework of above-mentioned transmitting end equipment 52, fundamental frequency signal group s [k] can be indicated in theory by formula (1)：
Receiving device 54 received the fundamental frequency signal group s [k] come by the transmission of channel 80, passes through according to the identical time cycle
Cross the parsing of parsing filter group (analysis filter bank) 64, the sampling of frequency reducing sampler 68 processing and appropriate
Antiphase e-jπ(n)/2、e-jπ(n+1)/2、…、e-jπ(n+M-1)/2After adjustment, respectively obtained corresponding to multiple subcarrier by detector 70
Multiple reception symbols in channel Corresponding to each subcarrier channel in parsing filter group 64 includes
Multiplier and parsing filter 66, to execute the reducing program of composite filter group 56.Operation about FBMC/OQAM systems
Mechanism can not be described in detail with reference to traditional mode.
Since fundamental frequency signal group s [k] is in the transmit process in channel 80, some noises, e.g. additivity can be generally introduced
White Gaussian noise η [k] (additive white Gaussian noise).In addition, if the response in channel is indicated with h [k],
The reception signal y [k] that then receiving end equipment 54 receives can be indicated such as formula (2)：
Y [k]=h [k] * s [k]+η [k] ... ... (2)
Then, in receiving device 54, if the frequency response of the subcarrier for m-th of channel of k-th of time cycle
With Hm[k] is indicated, and assumes that channel delay is less than the delivery time of multi-carrier filter group symbol, that is, Hm[k]=Hm,n, then
Receiving signal y [k] can indicate such as formula (3)：
In addition, receiving symbolIt can be indicated by formula (4)：
WhereinOnly it is imaginary number under conditions of (p, q) ≠ (0,0), and ηm,nIt is
The symmetrical complex-valued Gaussian noise (circularly-symmetric complex Gaussian noise) of circle.
Under normal circumstances, the secondary wave band (subband) that adjacent three subcarriers are constituted is in three continuous weeks time
Decaying (fading) usual very little in phase, therefore frequency domain of three subcarriers within this three continuous time cycles
(frequency-domain) channel gain on can be considered close to definite value, that is, Hm±1,n±1≈Hm,n。
Then, the signal detected by formula (4)It can be rewritten as formula (5)：
Due to secondary lobe (sidelobe) very little of filter, the numerical value of the right first item in formula (5) is much larger than Section 2
Numerical value, therefore Section 2 can be ignored.In this way, formula (5) can simplify an accepted way of doing sth (6) once again：
For convenience of description, the present invention defines foreword unit by subcarrier m and centered on the time cycle 1 for the matrix of 3x3, such as
Formula (7)：
Namely in the time frame of transmission data, the navigator in initial three periods continuous time in subcarrier m-1, m and m+1
Symbol { am-1,0,am-1,1,am-1,2}、{am,0,am,1,am,2}、{am+1,0,am+1,1,am+1,2Constitute foreword unit.Then, subcarrier
Channel gain Hs of the m in the time cycle 1m,1Estimation can be written as formula (8)：
Error caused by channel gain estimation for formula (8), can be used mean square error (mean-squared
error；MSE it) analyzes, shown in corresponding MSE such as formulas (9)：
Wherein E { } represents statistical expectation (statistical expectation), σηIt is ηm,nStandard deviation
(standard deviation), and factor beta, γ, δ are then as follows：
According to such as formula (9) and formula (10), MSE is reduced, it is necessary to so that denominator value is increased, wherein denominator is | a+jb |2's
Form.In the case of filter g [k] is given, with center navigator's symbol am,1Adjacent other navigator's symbols are to am,1It is dry
It includes ± j β, ± j γ, j δ to disturb coefficient (interference coefficient), and corresponding relationship is as shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 2 be in the foreword unit drawn according to the embodiment of the present invention periphery symbol to the interference mechanism of navigator's symbol
Schematic diagram, wherein it is to understand tacitly boat symbol a in that each periphery navigator symbol, which is multiplied by corresponding interference coefficient,m,1Interference, such as Fig. 2
Arrow shown in.
About | a+jb |2Form, based on the relationship of-j ˙ j=1, if b is the imaginary number containing "-j ", | a+jb |2It can locate
In maximum value | a+ | b | |2.Periphery symbol is multiplied by after corresponding interference coefficient in considering Fig. 2 understands tacitly boat symbol a inm,1Institute's shape
At interference relationships, foreword unit can be set to the matrix of formula (11) or formula (12)：
This be center navigator's symbol of foreword unit be normalized for 1 or j when basis matrix.The foreword unit of the present invention
It is not limited to center navigator's symbol am,1It is 1 or j namely above-mentioned basis matrix to be somebody's turn to do multiplied by constituting after a non-zero constant
Foreword unit.
With navigator's symbol a of subcarrier m-1m-1,1For, boat symbol a is understood tacitly inm,1Product have " j β " and be
Number, so if by am-1,1It is set as "-j ", then j β × (- j)=β, will produce maximum value.In this way, the MSE for formula (9) is calculated,
Under the structure of the foreword unit of formula (11) or formula (12), denominator can tend to maximum value, and also therefore the MSE of formula (9) can become
To minimum value.
Fig. 3 is the time-frequency symbol framework comprising foreword unit with quasi- transmission data drawn according to the embodiment of the present invention
Schematic diagram.Refering to Fig. 3, for the foreword unit of modus ponens (11), under the operation of the multi-carrier communications systems of Fig. 1, time-frequency symbol
Framework (time-frequency symbol structure) 110 can include foreword portion 100 and subsequent data portion.Time
Period is with time index 0,1,2 ..., and came to timing separation, wherein the symbol in time index 0,1,2 is navigator's symbol, also
It is navigator's foreword.Frequency corresponding to subcarrier is distinguished with frequency index, wherein per adjacent three subcarriers m-1, m, m+1
Navigator's foreword of cooperation just constitutes foreword unit.Foreword unit is that every three subcarriers are repeated once, and corresponding center is navigated
Symbol is 1.In this present embodiment, the foreword portion of Fig. 3 and data portion are original symbols, that is, Fig. 1 transmitting end equipment 52 according to
According to the signal of the quasi- processing transmission of time index, wherein it is the fixed value given to belong to the numerical value corresponding to the signal in foreword portion 100,
And belong to the signal of data portion then on-fixed value.In the present embodiment, former and later two symbols A and B represents a complex values A+jB.
Foreword framework according to fig. 3, M subcarrier indicate with frequency index m, wherein m=0,1,2 ..., M-1.Yu Ben
Embodiment, subcarrier m=mc=1,4,7,10 ... corresponding channel gain (namely center navigator's symbol of each foreword unit
Corresponding subcarrier channel gain) it can be estimated, and other subcarrier mc- 1 and mc+ 1 channel gain then can be according to mc
=Isosorbide-5-Nitrae, 7,10 ... subcarrier channel gain are estimated as a result, being calculated using interpolation method or similar mode.
Description of the invention is further by the previous foreword structure of the foreword cellular construction proposed and other several forms
Compare, Fig. 4 to Fig. 7 is the time-frequency symbol configuration diagram of these comparison others.
Refering to Fig. 4, the symbol that the numerical value in the foreword portion 100 of time-frequency symbol framework 120 is 0 and 2 in time index is all
" 0 ", and the symbol for being 1 in time index is 1 or -1, and interacted and changed as unit using two channels, that is, 1,1, -1, -
1,1 variation, 1, -1, -1 ..., can also regard as with four subcarriers as a repetitive unit.Time-frequency symbol framework 120 is also known as
For IAM-R schemes.
Refering to Fig. 5, the numerical value in the foreword portion 100 of time-frequency symbol framework 130 is all for 0 and 2 symbol in time index
" 0 ", and the symbol for being 1 in time index is using four channels as repetitive unit, is sequentially -1, j, 1,-j.Time-frequency symbol framework
130 are also known as IAM-C schemes.
Refering to Fig. 6, the foreword portion 100 of time-frequency symbol framework 140 is based on the framework of Fig. 4, is 0 in time index
Symbol be -1,1,1, -1 repetition, time index be 1 symbol be 1,1, -1, -1 repetition, and time index be 2
Symbol be 1, -1, -1,1 repetition.Time-frequency symbol framework 140 is also known as E-IAM-R schemes.
Refering to Fig. 7, the foreword portion 100 of time-frequency symbol framework 150, the symbol for being 0 in time index is the weight of -1, j, 1,-j
It is multiple, the symbol for being 1 in time index be j, 1,-j, -1 repetition, and the symbol for being 2 in time index is the weight of 1,-j, -1, j
It is multiple.Time-frequency symbol framework 150 is also known as E-IAM-C schemes.
For Fig. 3 to Fig. 7 time-frequency symbol framework carry out channel estimation MSE analysis results as listed by table one, thus may be used
See that the present invention has smaller channel estimation error amount.
Table one
In addition, carrying out mould to above-mentioned channel estimation scheme according to different shaping pulse (pulse shaping) filters
Quasi- result is also shown, and foreword scheme proposed by the invention has preferable MSE and bit error rate (bit than other schemes
error rate；BER) efficiency.
In conclusion multi-carrier communications systems provided by the present invention, foreword cellular construction and channel estimation method, it can
The channel estimation mean square error of multi-carrier communications systems is reduced, and then promotes communication quality, it is ensured that the correctness of transmitted data.
Although the present invention is disclosed as above with embodiment, it is not limited to the present invention；Any technical field
In with the technical staff of usual knowledge should can carry out change appropriate without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention
With modification, however these are changed and modification all still should be appended claims and covered.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of multi-carrier communications systems, including：
Transmitting end equipment, according to time cycle processing corresponding to multiple original symbols in multiple subcarrier channels, wherein multiple
Original symbol is after positive phase appropriate adjustment samples processing with raising frequency and is combined into fundamental frequency signal group by composite filter, warp
It is transmitted by channel；And
Receiving device is then passed through parsing filter group according to the time cycle by the channel reception fundamental frequency signal group
After parsing, frequency reducing sampling processing and antiphase appropriate adjustment, then is respectively obtained by detector and led to corresponding to multiple subcarrier
Multiple reception symbols in road,
Wherein in the time frame of transmission data, initial three of each the subcarrier channel original symbols are given three necks
The foreword that is constituted of boat symbol constitutes a foreword units per three of the three adjacent subcarrier channels forewords, before this
All navigator's symbols are indicated with the matrix of a 3x3 in speech unit, and it is 1 that the foreword unit is normalized in center navigator's symbol
Or basis matrix when j is：
Or
Wherein 1 is real number value, and j is imaginary value.
2. multi-carrier communications systems according to claim 1, the wherein basis matrix are as the foreword unit, or multiplied by
The foreword unit is constituted after a upper non-zero constant.
3. multi-carrier communications systems according to claim 1, the wherein multi-carrier communications systems include using offset quadrature
The filter bank multi-carrier system of amplitude modulation.
4. multi-carrier communications systems according to claim 1, wherein each subcarrier channel correspond to one and do not overlap
Frequency.
5. multi-carrier communications systems according to claim 1, the wherein receiving device are according to each foreword unit
The subcarrier channel gain corresponding to center navigator's symbol of the matrix is first estimated, and the channel for reaching least mean-square error is estimated
Survey effect.
6. multi-carrier communications systems according to claim 5, wherein before the subcarrier corresponding to the navigator's symbol of the center
Latter two subcarrier channel gain is the estimation result using the subcarrier channel gain corresponding to multiple center navigator symbol
Interpolation is calculated and is obtained.
7. a kind of wireless multi-carrier communications method, including：
Fundamental frequency signal group is sent out by transmitting end equipment, wherein according to time cycle processing corresponding to multiple subcarrier channels
Multiple original symbols, wherein multiple symbol is handled and by positive phase appropriate adjustment and raising frequency sampling by composite filter group
After synthesizing the fundamental frequency signal group, transmitted via channel；And
Multiple reception symbols are detected by receiving device, wherein according to the time cycle by the channel reception fundamental frequency signal
Group after being then passed through the parsing, frequency reducing sampling processing and antiphase appropriate adjustment of parsing filter group, then is distinguished by detector
Multiple reception symbol corresponding to multiple subcarrier channel is obtained,
Wherein in the time frame of transmission data, initial three of each the subcarrier channel original symbols are given three necks
The foreword that is constituted of boat symbol constitutes a foreword units per three of the three adjacent subcarrier channels forewords, before this
All navigator's symbols are indicated with the matrix of a 3x3 in speech unit, and the foreword unit is normalized in center navigator's symbol
For 1 or j when basis matrix be：
Or
Wherein 1 is real number value, and j is imaginary value.
8. wireless multi-carrier communications method according to claim 7, the wherein basis matrix be as the foreword unit, or multiplied by
The foreword unit is constituted after a upper non-zero constant.
9. wireless multi-carrier communications method according to claim 7, the wherein multi-carrier communications systems include using offset quadrature
The filter bank multi-carrier system of amplitude modulation.
10. wireless multi-carrier communications method according to claim 7, wherein each subcarrier channel correspond to one and do not overlap
Frequency.
11. wireless multi-carrier communications method according to claim 7, the wherein receiving device are according to each foreword unit
The subcarrier channel gain corresponding to center navigator's symbol of the matrix is first estimated, and the channel for reaching least mean-square error is estimated
Survey effect.
12. wireless multi-carrier communications method according to claim 11, the wherein subcarrier corresponding to the navigator's symbol of the center
Former and later two subcarrier channel gains are the estimation knots using the subcarrier channel gain corresponding to multiple center navigator symbol
Fruit interpolation is calculated and is obtained.
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