CN108346836B - Charging method for improving cycle performance of lithium ion battery - Google Patents
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- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 27
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 7
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/446—Initial charging measures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention relates to a charging method for improving the cycle performance of a lithium ion battery, which comprises the following steps: s10, performing constant current charging on the battery by using the first pre-charging current, and keeping the constant current charging for a first preset time; s20, standing for a first time interval after the constant current charging with the first pre-charging current reaches a first preset time; s30, when the first time interval is reached, constant current charging is carried out on the battery through second pre-charging current, and the constant current charging is kept for a second preset time; s40, standing for a second time interval after the constant current charging with the second pre-charging current reaches a second preset time; and S50, when the second time interval is reached, the battery is subjected to constant current charging by using a third pre-charging current, and the constant current charging is kept for a third preset time. According to the invention, by changing the formation current of the battery and increasing the standing time between formation process steps, the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery can be effectively improved, and the cycle times of the battery are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lithium ion charging, in particular to a charging method for improving the cycle performance of a lithium ion battery.
Background
At present, lithium ion batteries are widely applied to notebook computers and electric tools, and besides pursuit of capacity, the market has higher and higher requirements on cycle performance.
In order to meet the requirement of the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery, the existing scheme is to improve the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery by a plurality of ways such as material improvement, electrolyte additive adjustment, battery internal structure optimization and the like. However, with the continuous improvement of the durability of the electric equipment, the requirement of customers on the cycle performance of the battery cell is increasingly raised, the cycle frequency of the existing lithium ion battery (such as a lithium iron phosphate system battery cell) cannot meet the requirement of customers, and the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery still needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery in the prior art cannot meet the customer requirements, and provides a charging method for improving the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a charging method for improving the cycle performance of a lithium ion battery is constructed, and the method comprises the following steps:
s10, performing constant current charging on the battery by using the first pre-charging current, and keeping the constant current charging for a first preset time;
s20, standing for a first time interval after the constant current charging with the first pre-charging current reaches the first preset time;
s30, when the first time interval is reached, performing constant current charging on the battery by using a second pre-charging current, and keeping the constant current charging for a second preset time;
s40, standing for a second time interval after the constant current charging with the second pre-charging current reaches the second preset time;
and S50, when the second time interval is reached, performing constant current charging on the battery by using a third pre-charging current, and keeping the constant current charging for a third preset time.
Preferably, the first pre-charge current, the second pre-charge current and the third pre-charge current are sequentially increased.
Preferably, the first pre-charge current, the second pre-charge current and the third pre-charge current are sequentially increased by a preset current value.
Preferably, the first pre-charge current is 0.04C-0.06C, the second pre-charge current is 0.09C-0.11C, and the third pre-charge current is 0.14C-0.16C.
Preferably, the first time interval is the same as the second time interval.
Preferably, the first time interval and the second time interval are both 5-10 minutes.
Preferably, the first preset time, the second preset time and the third preset time are the same.
Preferably, the first preset time, the second preset time and the third preset time are all 1.5-2.5 hours.
Preferably, step S50 is followed by:
and S60, when the constant current charging with the third pre-charging current reaches the third preset time, performing constant current charging on the battery with a fourth pre-charging current, and keeping the constant current charging for a fourth preset time.
Preferably, the fourth pre-charge current is 0.09-0.11C current, and the fourth preset time is 4.5-5.5 hours.
The implementation of the charging method for improving the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery has the following beneficial effects: according to the invention, by changing the formation current of the battery and increasing the standing time between formation process steps, the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery can be effectively improved, and the cycle times of the battery are greatly improved, so that the lithium ion battery can meet the requirements of customers, and the competitiveness of products is improved.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a first embodiment of a charging method for improving cycle performance of a lithium ion battery according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a second embodiment of the charging method for improving the cycle performance of a lithium ion battery according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of a first example of a charge-discharge cycle test performed on a battery charged by the charging method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a comparative graph of formation tests of example one in which batteries charged by the charging method of the present invention were subjected to cycle testing;
FIG. 5 is a graph of a second example of a cycle test performed on a battery charged by the charging method of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a comparative graph of formation tests of example two for a battery charged by the charging method of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a graph comparing the cycle life of a battery charged using the charging method of the present invention with that of a battery of a conventional charging method.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a charging method for improving cycle performance of a lithium ion battery according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The charging method for improving the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery of the embodiment is mainly applied to the lithium ion battery with a lithium iron phosphate system battery cell, and as shown in fig. 1, may specifically include the following steps:
and S10, performing constant current charging on the battery with the first pre-charging current, and keeping the constant current charging for a first preset time.
It should be noted that the first pre-charging current of the present invention is lower than the initial charging current of the conventional lithium ion battery with the lithium iron phosphate system cell, and may be generally 0.04C to 0.06C, and is preferably 0.05C. Wherein, C refers to the constant current value of the battery after complete discharge in one hour.
In the step, the battery is firstly subjected to constant current charging with a first pre-charging current, and the constant current charging is kept for a first preset time with the first pre-charging current. The first preset may be 1.5-2.5 hours, preferably 2 hours. That is, in a preferred embodiment, the battery is charged at 0.05C for a constant current and kept charged for 2 hours.
And S20, standing for a first time interval after the constant current charging with the first pre-charging current reaches the first preset time.
It is understood that after the constant current charging is completed in step S10, in order to increase the battery charging process step, the rest time between the constant current charging steps may be increased, that is, after the constant current charging of the battery is completed in step S10, the charging of the battery is stopped and the rest is maintained for the first time interval. Alternatively, the first time interval may be set to 5-10 minutes, preferably 10 minutes.
And S30, when the first time interval is reached, performing constant current charging on the battery by using a second pre-charging current, and keeping the constant current charging for a second preset time.
It can be understood that, when the standing time reaches the first time interval, the constant current charging of the battery is continued with the second pre-charging current, and the constant current charging is maintained with the second pre-charging current for a second preset time. Alternatively, in this embodiment, the second precharge current may be 0.09C-0.11C, preferably 0.10C. The second predetermined time may be 1.5 to 2.5 hours, preferably 2 hours. That is, in a preferred embodiment, the battery is charged at 0.10C at a constant current and kept charged for 2 hours.
And S40, standing for a second time interval after the constant current charging with the second pre-charging current reaches the second preset time.
After the constant current charging in step S30 is completed, in order to further increase the formation step of battery charging, the standing time between step S30 and step S50 may be further increased, that is, after the constant current charging for the battery with the second pre-charging current in step S30 is completed, the charging for the battery is stopped and the battery is kept standing for a second time interval. Preferably, the second time interval may be the same as the first time interval, and may be set such that the first time interval may be set to 5 to 10 minutes, preferably 10 minutes.
And S50, when the second time interval is reached, performing constant current charging on the battery by using a third pre-charging current, and keeping the constant current charging for a third preset time.
The third precharge current may be set to 0.14C-0.16C, and preferably, the third precharge current is 0.15C.
In this step, after step S40 is finished, that is, when the battery stands still for the second time interval, the battery is subjected to constant current charging again, and the battery is subjected to constant current charging with the third pre-charging current, and the constant current charging with the third pre-charging current is maintained for a third preset time, where the third preset time may be 1.5 to 2.5 hours, and is preferably 2 hours. In a particularly preferred embodiment, this step is performed by constant current charging the battery at 0.15C for 2 hours.
Further, in this embodiment, the first pre-charge current is the minimum, and the first pre-charge current, the second pre-charge current and the third pre-charge current are in a sequentially increasing relationship, that is, the pre-charge current value is sequentially increased on the basis of the first pre-charge current to sequentially charge the battery.
Preferably, the first pre-charge current, the second pre-charge current and the third pre-charge current are also sequentially increased by a preset current value. And the preset current value is determined according to the cell model. Specifically, taking a cell model of 2770180-27Ah (lithium iron phosphate system) battery as an example, if the first pre-charge current is 0.05C, the second pre-charge current is 0.10C, the third pre-charge current is 0.15C, and at this time, the preset current value is 0.05C.
According to the invention, the formation current of the battery is reduced, and the standing time between formation process steps is prolonged, so that the purpose of effectively improving the cycle performance of the battery is achieved, the cycle times of the battery are greatly improved, the lithium ion battery can meet the requirements of customers, and the competitiveness of products is improved.
The first embodiment of the present invention will be described below by taking a battery having a cell size of 2770180 to 27Ah (lithium iron phosphate system) as an example:
the first pre-charge current is set to 0.05C, the second pre-charge current is set to 0.10C, the third pre-charge current is set to 0.15C, the first preset time, the second preset time and the third preset time are all 2 hours, and the first time interval and the second time interval are all 10 minutes.
At the beginning, the battery is charged at a constant current of 0.05 ℃ for 2 hours; then, standing for 10 minutes; then, the battery is subjected to constant current charging at 0.10C, and the constant current charging is kept for 2 hours; then standing for 10 minutes; and (5) performing constant current charging on the battery again at 0.15C, and keeping the constant current charging for 2 hours to finish the formation charging of the battery. Understandably, the formation current of the battery is reduced, and the standing between the formation steps is increased, so that the cycle performance of the battery can be effectively improved, and the cycle life of the battery is prolonged.
The following is a description of a specific verification scheme.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the cycle performance of the battery is improved by reducing the formation current. And selecting a lithium ion battery cell with the cell model of 27701080-27Ah (lithium iron phosphate system) to perform charge-discharge cycle test.
(1) Monitoring the effect of the first pre-charge current on the cycling performance of the battery:
the charging step is as follows:
group A1: charging the battery with 0.05C (1.35A) at constant current for 2 hours, and standing for 10 seconds; continuously carrying out constant current charging on the battery for 2 hours at 0.10C (2.7A), and then carrying out constant current charging on the battery for 2 hours at 0.15C;
group A2: charging the battery at 0.02C (0.54A) for 6 hours at constant current, and standing for 10 seconds; the battery was continuously charged at 0.10(2.7A) for 5 hours at constant current;
group A3: charging the battery at 0.03C (0.81A) for 4 hours at constant current, and standing for 10 seconds; the battery was continuously charged at 0.10(2.7A) for 5 hours at constant current;
group A4: charging the battery at 0.04C (1.08A) for 3 hours at constant current, and standing for 10 seconds; the battery was continuously charged at 0.10(2.7A) for 5 hours at constant current;
group A4: charging the battery with 0.05C (1.35A) at constant current for 144 minutes, and standing for 10 seconds; the battery was continued for 5 hours with a constant current charge of 0.10 (2.7A).
The data obtained by the test are shown in the following table and fig. 3.
As can be seen from the above table, the cycling performance was most optimal for group a2, i.e. (0.02C constant current charging for 6 hours, standing for 10 seconds, and then constant current charging at 0.10C for 5 hours), from which it can be seen that the smaller the first-step precharge current, the better the cycling performance of the battery.
(2) Monitoring the influence of the formation step time on the cycle performance of the battery:
the experimental scheme is as follows:
the data comparison graph shown in fig. 4 was obtained from the tests conducted according to the experimental protocol described above, and it can be seen from the graph data in fig. 4 that the cycle performance of the a2 group was the best, but at the same time the process time was longer, compared to the five group experiment. The cycle performance of group a2 can be about 1000 weeks longer than group a in terms of performance alone, but there is a risk of affecting the stability performance of the cell due to the excessively long process time (i.e., formation step time).
Example two:
the cycle performance of the battery is improved by increasing the standing time between formation steps. And selecting a lithium ion battery cell with the cell model of 27701080-27Ah (lithium iron phosphate system) to perform charge-discharge cycle test.
The charging step is as follows:
group A1: charging the battery at 0.02C for 6 hours at constant current, and standing for 10 seconds; continuously carrying out constant current charging on the battery for 5 hours at 0.10 ℃;
group A2: carrying out constant current charging on the battery for 2 hours at 0.05C, continuing to carry out constant current charging on the battery for 2 hours at 0.10C, and then continuing to carry out constant current charging on the battery for 2 hours at 0.15C;
group A3: charging the battery at 0.05 ℃ for 2 hours in a constant current manner, and standing for 10 seconds; continuously carrying out constant current charging on the battery for 2 hours at 0.10 ℃, and standing for 10 seconds; then the battery is charged for 2 hours at a constant current of 0.15C;
group A4: charging the battery at 0.05C for 2 hours under constant current, and standing for 10 minutes; continuously carrying out constant current charging on the battery for 2 hours at 0.10 ℃, and standing for 10 minutes; then the battery is charged for 2 hours at a constant current of 0.15C;
the following data table and the data comparison graphs of fig. 5 and 6 were obtained by testing.
As can be seen from the above table in conjunction with fig. 5 and fig. 6, the conversion time between different currents in the formation step (i.e., the standing time between the formation steps) is increased, which is beneficial to improving the cycle performance of the battery cell. Among them, as a result, the effect of the intermediate setting 10min >10s > the effect of the no setting, and the performance of the a4 protocol with a setting time of 10 minutes was similar to that of the a1 protocol. It can be seen from this that the longer the standing time, the better the cycle performance of the battery.
In summary, as can be seen from the test results of the first and second embodiments, the cyclicity of the battery is improved by reducing the formation current; or the longer the standing time is, the more beneficial the cycle performance of the battery is. Further, comparing the a1 scheme with the a4 scheme, the cycle performance of the a1 scheme is similar to that of the a4 scheme, but the formation time of the a1 scheme is 11 hours, the formation time of the a4 scheme is 6 hours and 20 minutes, the formation time is short, and the performance of the battery is more stable, so that the a4 scheme has the best performance and the minimum relative time. The static time between formation steps is prolonged while the formation current of the battery is reduced, so that the cycle performance of the battery can be better improved, and the cycle frequency of the battery is increased.
As shown in fig. 7, when the a4 protocol, i.e., "constant current charging the battery at 0.05C for 2 hours, was employed, the battery was left for 10 minutes; continuously carrying out constant current charging on the battery for 2 hours at 0.10 ℃, and standing for 10 minutes; when the battery is formed in a mode of charging the battery for 2 hours at a constant current of 0.15C, compared with the prior art, the formation time is increased by 6%, but the cycle life of the battery can be prolonged by 32%. Therefore, by reducing the formation current of the battery and increasing the standing time between formation steps, the cycle performance of the battery can be effectively improved, the cycle frequency of the battery is increased, and the cycle life of the battery is prolonged.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a charging method for improving cycle performance of a lithium ion battery according to a second embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is based on the first embodiment, and further includes, after S50:
and S60, when the constant current charging with the third pre-charging current reaches the third preset time, performing constant current charging on the battery with a fourth pre-charging current, and keeping the constant current charging for a fourth preset time.
Optionally, the fourth precharge current is 0.09C-0.11C, preferably 0.10C. The fourth preset time may be set to 4.5-5.5 hours. Preferably 5 hours.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the claims of the present invention should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A charging method for improving the cycle performance of a lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s10, performing constant current charging on the battery by using the first pre-charging current, and keeping the constant current charging for a first preset time;
s20, stopping charging the battery and standing for a first time interval after the constant current charging with the first pre-charging current reaches the first preset time;
s30, when the standing time reaches the first time interval, performing constant current charging on the battery by using a second pre-charging current, and keeping the constant current charging for a second preset time;
s40, stopping charging the battery and standing for a second time interval after the constant current charging with the second pre-charging current reaches the second preset time;
s50, when the standing time reaches the second time interval, performing constant current charging on the battery by using a third pre-charging current, and keeping the constant current charging for a third preset time;
wherein the first pre-charge current, the second pre-charge current and the third pre-charge current are sequentially increased by a preset current value;
the first pre-charging current is 0.04C-0.06C, the second pre-charging current is 0.09C-0.11C, and the third pre-charging current is 0.14C-0.16C;
the first time interval and the second time interval are both 5-10 minutes;
the first preset time, the second preset time and the third preset time are the same.
2. The charging method for improving cycling performance of a lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the first time interval is the same as the second time interval.
3. The charging method for improving the cycle performance of a lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the first preset time, the second preset time and the third preset time are all 1.5 to 2.5 hours.
4. The charging method for improving the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the step S50 is followed by further comprising:
and S60, when the constant current charging with the third pre-charging current reaches the third preset time, performing constant current charging on the battery with a fourth pre-charging current, and keeping the constant current charging for a fourth preset time.
5. The charging method for improving the cycle performance of a lithium ion battery according to claim 4, wherein the fourth pre-charging current is 0.09-0.11C, and the fourth preset time is 4.5-5.5 hours.
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| US12027692B2 (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2024-07-02 | Enevate Corporation | Methods of forming electrochemical cells with a combination formation charge rate |
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Denomination of invention: A charging method for improving the cycling performance of lithium-ion batteries Effective date of registration: 20231207 Granted publication date: 20200814 Pledgee: Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited Huizhou Fuli International Center Branch Pledgor: HUIZHOU TOPBAND ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023980069843 |