CN108345445A - A kind of foot entropy number physical noise source device - Google Patents
A kind of foot entropy number physical noise source device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of sufficient entropy number physical noise source device, including：First oscillator, the second oscillator, the first list are along counter, the second list along counter, controlling of sampling unit, count results conservator, entropy estimate circuit, judgment module and random number memory module.By entropy estimate circuit, realize during the noise source is run, the monitoring to internal changes of entropy；By using the identical oscillator of two structures, influence of the deterministic disturbance to count results is eliminated, solves the problems, such as that there are deterministic for noise source output；By using list along method of counting in sampling process, solve the problems, such as due in the period by sampled signal duty ratio it is uneven caused by noise source output harmony it is poor；The present invention can guarantee that the random number of the noise source output has sufficient entropy property.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Applied cryptography technical field more particularly to a kind of sufficient entropy number physical noise source devices.
Background technology
Digital physical noise source (abbreviation noise source also known as real random number generator) is as one of basic crypto module, production
Raw random number can be used for the generation of key in block cipher, security protocol, resistance side-channel attack etc..Contained by noise source
There is the number of randomness directly to determine the safety of cryptographic system.Where the randomness contained by noise source cannot meet it
When the requirement of cryptographic system security level, then cryptographic system, there will be security risks, such system is susceptible to black
Visitor's attack.
In cryptography, the size of randomness is usually measured with entropy.The size of entropy, is to pass through contained by one noise source
Entropy possessed by its random number generated shows.As the average entropy contained by the random number that noise source generates, Neng Gouman
When the required entropy of the cryptographic system of sufficient high security level, then it is assumed that the output of such noise source is sufficient entropy, the noise source
Meet sufficient entropy requirement.The entropy that one noise source of quantization specifically contains is how many, needs to establish entropy estimate model to it, i.e., from noise
Founding mathematical models in the generation principle in source, to calculate its generated theoretic entropy size of random number.In addition, adopting
With the method for statistic mixed-state, the approximate entropy of random number can also be provided.But this statistical method be using noise source as
Black box for processing, is not relevant for the inner case (entropy source structure, entropy extracting method etc.) of noise source, but is united by its output
Approximate entropy on meter, so cannot completely reflect the true entropy of noise source.
It is comparatively ripe to the research based on oscillation sampling noise source according to the achievement in research in current noise source, production
Raw principle has complete entropy estimate model.Figure of description 1 describes the basic principle of this kind of noise source, (brilliant by slow clock
Shake or slow oscillator) generate sampled signal, through d type flip flop to fast oscillator generate by sampled signal, if sampled point exists
Oscillator signal high level position then exports bit " 1 ", in low level position, then exports bit " 0 ", two neighboring sampled point it
Between duration be denoted as the sampling interval.The randomness of this production method derives from the shake generated by noise in circuit so that adopts
There is uncertainty in the position of sampling point, therefore generate the bit sequence with randomness.By entropy estimate model, theory is provided
The mean entropy calculation formula of upper such noise source output：
Wherein, v is sampling interval and by the ratio in sampled signal period in formula, and q is quality factor, and by sampled signal
The mean value in period, variance and sampling interval v are related.It is easy to get：In the case that fixed sample interval, quality factor q is bigger,
Then mean entropy is bigger.Further, as quality factor q >=0.927, it is ensured that the average entropy theoretically exported is not less than
0.9999。
But the noise source of security guarantee is even theoretically obtained, it is still remained in Project Realization for security
Problem needs to consider.1, the research conclusion of existing entropy estimate is not taken into account in design, instructs entropy by current noise source
The design of estimating circuit, such noise source can not carry out accurate entropy estimate work in inside.This will result in noise source
The practical entropy in portion is not monitored reliably, when practical entropy, which is not up to sufficient entropy, to be required, may still export bit sequence
Row, and can take for having reached sufficient entropy.This can make cryptographic system, and there are serious security risks.In fact, due to device
Aging, environment (temperature, humidity etc.) are widely varied or the problem of by extraneous malicious attack (such as error injection attacks), all
It can cause the entropy of reality output that may be unsatisfactory for the requirement of cryptographic system already.2, when noise source is realized, exist in circuit
Deterministic disturbance can act in the shake of oscillator signal, these interference come from power supply etc. in running environment.Such as
Fruit does not consider how the influence for eliminating or being isolated deterministic disturbance, then in the bit sequence of generation during generating random number
There is also certain certainty in row, this just greatly reduces the difficulty that opponent predicts noise source output.If 3, made an uproar
The generation principle of sound source is to use traditional sampling method, i.e., according to sampled point by the position on sampled signal low and high level, production
Raw bit sequence.It will appear the bit sequence unbalanced by the duty ratio of sampled signal, such noise source is caused to generate when realizing
Row are also unbalanced.Moreover, when noise source is realized, the unbalanced phenomenon of duty ratio is very universal, even theoretically may be used
With the duty ratio being equalized.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a kind of sufficient entropy number physical noise source device, improve generation
The quality of random number meets the use demand of the cryptographic system of high security level.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is the foot entropy number physical noise source device, including：
First oscillator, the second oscillator, the first list are along counter, the second list along counter, controlling of sampling unit, counting
As a result conservator, entropy estimate circuit, judgment module and random number memory module；
It is single along counter that the output of first oscillator is sent to first；It is single along meter that the output of second oscillator is sent to second
Number device；Second single output along counter is sent to controlling of sampling unit；The output of controlling of sampling unit is sent to first single edge
Counter；First single output along counter is sent to count results conservator；The output of count results conservator is sent to entropy
Estimating circuit；The output of entropy estimate circuit is sent to judgment module；It is single along counting that the output of judgment module is sent respectively to second
Device and random number memory module；The output of random number memory module while count pick up result conservator；
First oscillator is for generating the first signal；Second oscillator is for generating second signal；
First list is believed along counter for being counted to the periodicity of first signal, and according to described first
Number periodicity statistical result generate count results；
Second list is used to count the periodicity of the second signal along counter, when the second signal
When periodicity reaches default sampling period number, second list executes clear operation automatically along counter, and triggers controlling of sampling
Unit；
The controlling of sampling unit is for executing count results preservation and clear operation；The count results are preserved and are reset
Operation refer to by described first single count results along counter be sent to the count results conservator and to described first it is single
Clear operation is executed along counter；
The count results conservator is used to store described first single count results sent along counter, and will be described
Count results are sent to entropy estimate circuit；
The entropy estimate circuit is used to calculate entropy estimated result according to the count results；
The judgment module is for judging whether the entropy estimated result meets preset sufficient entropy condition, if so, touching
Send out random number memory module；If it is not, described second single default sampling period number along counter is then adjusted, so that entropy estimate circuit
Again calculate entropy estimated result based on described first single count results along counter, until obtain meet it is described preset
The entropy estimated result of sufficient entropy condition；
The random number memory module is for storing the random number formed based on the count results.
Further, first oscillator is identical with the structure of second oscillator, includes the reverse phase of identical quantity
Device, wire laying mode having the same, the same position being positioned on same hardware platform, using same power supply and at the same time opening
It is dynamic.
Further, first oscillator and the second oscillator implement in the form of delay device, described to prolong
Device includes late：Ring oscillator.
Further, described first it is single along counter and it is described second it is single along counter simultaneously using upper edge method of counting or
Simultaneously using lower along method of counting；
The upper edge method of counting refers to：When there is rising edge in first signal or the second signal, the period
Number plus 1；It is described lower to refer to along method of counting：When there is failing edge in first signal or the second signal, periodicity
Add 1.
Further, the time for the controlling of sampling unit being executed to count results preservation and clear operation is set as first
Set the periodicity of the first signal of quantity.
Further, first list is used to count the periodicity of first signal along counter, and according to
The statistical result of the periodicity of first signal generates count results, including：
Statistics is within the time that the periodicity of the second signal reaches the default sampling period number, first oscillation
The periodicity of first signal of device, and the period for the first signal that the periodicity counted is set into quantity with described first
It is several and as count results.
Further, the entropy estimate circuit is used to calculate entropy estimated result according to the count results, including：
According to the count results of the second setting quantity received, the count results of the second setting quantity are calculated white
Counting variance yields under influence of noise, and using the counting variance yields as the entropy estimate result of the entropy estimate circuit.
Further, when the random number memory module receives external reading data command read, will it is described with
Machine number exports.
Further, the random number memory module implements in the form of a memory, including：The number of first in, first out type
According to buffer FIFO.
Using above-mentioned technical proposal, the present invention at least has following advantages：
Foot entropy number physical noise source device of the present invention is realized by entropy estimate circuit in the noise source
During operation, the monitoring to internal changes of entropy；By using the identical oscillator of two structures, deterministic disturbance is eliminated
Influence to count results solves the problems, such as that there are deterministic for noise source output；By using single along meter in sampling process
Counting method, solve the duty ratio within by the period of sampled signal (being relevant to the first signal) it is uneven caused by noise source
Output harmony difference problem；The present invention can guarantee that the random number of the noise source output has sufficient entropy property.Due to making an uproar
Sound source is using entropy estimate circuit and feeds back Self-adjusting Mechanism, therefore for the noise source chip with different noise characteristics, upper
After electricity, sufficient entropy state can be progressivelyed reach；And there is certain robustness for environment.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the generation principle based on generator noise source of the prior art；
Fig. 2 is the composed structure schematic diagram of the sufficient entropy number physical noise source device of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Further to illustrate the present invention to reach the technological means and effect that predetermined purpose is taken, below in conjunction with attached drawing
And preferred embodiment, the present invention is described in detail as after.
The embodiment of the present invention, a kind of foot entropy number physical noise source device, as shown in Fig. 2, described device, specifically include with
Lower component part：
First oscillator 201, the second oscillator 202, first are single single along counter 204, sampling along counter 203, second
Control unit 205, count results conservator 206, entropy estimate circuit 207, judgment module 208 and random number memory module 209.
It is single along counter 203 that the output of first oscillator 201 is sent to first；The output of second oscillator 202 is sent to
Second is single along counter 204；Second single output along counter 204 is sent to controlling of sampling unit 205；Controlling of sampling unit
It is single along counter 203 that 205 output is sent to first；First single output along counter 203 is sent to count results conservator
206；The output of count results conservator 206 is sent to entropy estimate circuit 207；The output of entropy estimate circuit 207 is sent to judgement
Module 208；It is single along counter 204 and random number memory module 209 that the output of judgment module 208 is sent respectively to second；At random
The output of number memory module 209 while count pick up result conservator 206.
First oscillator 201 is for generating the first signal；Second oscillator 202 is for generating second signal.
Specifically, the first oscillator 201 with the structure of the second oscillator 202 identical, comprising identical quantity phase inverter, tool
Have identical wire laying mode, the same position being positioned on same hardware platform, using same power supply and at the same time start so that
Influence derived from the deterministic disturbance of power supply and hardware platform to signal caused by described two oscillators is completely the same；
Therefore, the first signal that the first oscillator of second signal pair 201 generated by the second oscillator 202 generates samples, can
To eliminate influence of the deterministic disturbance for shake, the sampled data not under deterministic disturbance effect is obtained, is also taken precautions against
Opponent attacks the risk of noise source using deterministic disturbance.
Further, the first oscillator 201 and the second oscillator 202 implement in the form of delay device, described
Delay device includes：Ring oscillator.
First list is believed along counter 203 for being counted to the periodicity of first signal, and according to described first
Number periodicity statistical result generate count results.
Second list is used to count the periodicity of the second signal along counter 204, when the second signal
When periodicity reaches default sampling period number, second is single along the execution clear operation automatically of counter 204, and triggers controlling of sampling list
Member 205.That is, the second list can periodically trigger controlling of sampling unit 205 along counter 204, to execute controlling of sampling unit
205 function.
Specifically, first is single single along counter 204 while using upper edge method of counting or simultaneously along counter 203 and second
Using lower along method of counting；
The upper edge method of counting refers to：When there is rising edge in first signal or the second signal, the period
Number plus 1；It is described lower to refer to along method of counting：When there is failing edge in first signal or the second signal, periodicity
Add 1；
By list along method of counting, the complete cycle of the first signal is counted, does not involve height in a cycle
The duty ratio situation of level, so even when duty ratio is unbalanced, the random number generated along method of counting by list is still
So have good harmony.
Controlling of sampling unit 205 is for executing count results preservation and clear operation；The count results are preserved and are reset
Operation refers to that first single count results along counter 203 are sent to count results conservator 206 and are counted to first single edge
Device 203 executes clear operation.
Specifically, when second it is single trigger controlling of sampling unit 205 along counter 204 when, control unit 205 is by first single edge
The count results currently generated in counter 203 send and store in count results conservator 206, when in the count results
After sending and storing count results conservator 206, control unit 205 is single to first to execute clear operation along counter 203,
To which the first list can regenerate count results along counter 203.That is, controlling of sampling unit 205 can be periodically by first
Single count results generated along counter 203 send and store in count results conservator 206, and simultaneously to first single edge
Counter 203 is reset.
Further, the time for controlling of sampling unit 205 being executed to count results preservation and clear operation is set as first
Set the periodicity of the first signal of quantity.
Further, first list is used to count the periodicity of first signal along counter 203, and
Count results are generated according to the statistical result of the periodicity of first signal, including：
First single counted along counter 203 reaches institute in second single periodicity along the second signal of counter 204
In the time for stating default sampling period number, the periodicity of the first signal of the first oscillator 203, and by the period counted
Number with it is described first set quantity the first signals periodicity and as count results.The present embodiment is tied in order to ensure counting
The accuracy of fruit, it is contemplated that controlling of sampling unit 205 is in the time for executing count results preservation and clear operation.
Count results conservator 206 is used to store the first single count results for being sent along counter 203, and by the meter
Number result is sent to entropy estimate circuit 207.In the concrete realization, when count results conservator 206 receives a count results
When, receive a count results are just sent to entropy estimate circuit 207.
Entropy estimate circuit 207 is used to calculate entropy estimated result according to the count results.
Specifically, entropy estimate circuit 207 is used for：
According to the count results of the second setting quantity received, the count results of the second setting quantity are calculated white
Counting variance yields under influence of noise, and using the counting variance yields as the entropy estimate result of entropy estimate circuit 207.The meter
Number variance yields can indicate the size of the entropy of noise source output, if the counting variance yields is bigger, illustrate that noise source exports
Entropy is bigger, noise source safety is better.
In the actual environment, it is by white noise and correlated noise joint effect by the variance that count results directly obtain；
Result of calculation compared to the result of calculation of variance under the influence of white noise, variance under the influence of correlated noise is bigger than normal, this
It will result in the entropy of excessively high estimation noise source output；In the present embodiment, by the counting under the influence of white noise and correlated noise
As a result variance yields separation, 207 entropy estimate circuit 207 of entropy estimate circuit can individually calculate the variance yields under the influence of white noise
Come, as entropy estimate result.
Judgment module 208 is for judging whether the entropy estimated result meets preset sufficient entropy condition, if so, triggering
Random number memory module 209；If it is not, second single default sampling period number along counter 204 is then adjusted, to be based on again
The first single count results along several devices 203 of meter calculate entropy estimated result, meet the preset sufficient entropy condition until obtaining
Entropy estimated result.
Specifically, the entropy estimated result is input to judgment module 208, judgment module 208 is according to preset sufficient entropy item
The Threshold of part, judges whether the entropy estimate result passed over each time reaches sufficient entropy condition.If meeting sufficient entropy condition,
The random number currently generated is then allowed to be deposited into random number memory module 209；Otherwise, then it is single along counter 204 to adjust second
Parameter preset, single count results along several devices 203 calculate entropy estimated result in terms of again based on first, until being expired
The entropy estimated result of whole entropy condition.
Random number memory module 209 is for storing the random number formed based on the count results.
Specifically, random number memory module 209 is additionally operable to according to the count results stored in the count results conservator
Form random number.In the concrete realization, random number memory module 209 can be according to last value of count results, that is, counts
Last parity of number result forms random number.
It further, will be described random when random number memory module 209 receives external reading data command read
Number output.
Further, the random number memory module implements in the form of a memory, including：First in, first out type
Data buffer FIFO.
The sufficient entropy number physical noise source device introduced in the embodiment of the present invention is realized by entropy estimate circuit in institute
During stating noise source operation, the monitoring to internal changes of entropy；By using the identical oscillator of two structures, eliminate really
Influence of the qualitative interference to count results solves the problems, such as that there are deterministic for noise source output；By making in sampling process
With list along method of counting, solves due to uneven by duty ratio in the period of sampled signal (being relevant to the first signal) and cause
Noise source output harmony difference problem；The present invention can guarantee that the random number of the noise source output has sufficient entropy
Matter.Since noise source is using entropy estimate circuit and feedback Self-adjusting Mechanism, for the noise source with different noise characteristics
Chip can progressively reach sufficient entropy state after the power-up；And there is certain robustness for environment.
By the explanation of specific implementation mode, should can to the present invention for reach technological means that predetermined purpose is taken and
Effect is able to more go deep into and specifically understand, however appended diagram is only to provide reference and description and is used, and is not used for originally
Invention limits.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of foot entropy number physical noise source device, which is characterized in that described device includes：
First oscillator, the second oscillator, the first list are along counter, the second list along counter, controlling of sampling unit, count results
Conservator, entropy estimate circuit, judgment module and random number memory module；
It is single along counter that the output of first oscillator is sent to first；It is single along counting that the output of second oscillator is sent to second
Device；Second single output along counter is sent to controlling of sampling unit；It is single along meter that the output of controlling of sampling unit is sent to first
Number device；First single output along counter is sent to count results conservator；The output of count results conservator is sent to entropy and estimates
Count circuit；The output of entropy estimate circuit is sent to judgment module；It is single along counter that the output of judgment module is sent respectively to second
With random number memory module；The output of random number memory module while count pick up result conservator；
First oscillator is for generating the first signal；Second oscillator is for generating second signal；
First list is used to count the periodicity of first signal along counter, and according to first signal
The statistical result of periodicity generates count results；
Second list is used to count the periodicity of the second signal along counter, when the period of the second signal
When number reaches default sampling period number, second list executes clear operation automatically along counter, and triggers controlling of sampling unit；
The controlling of sampling unit is for executing count results preservation and clear operation；The count results preserve and clear operation
Refer to that described first single count results along counter are sent to the count results conservator and are counted to described first single edge
Number device executes clear operation；
The count results conservator is used to store described first single count results sent along counter, and by the counting
As a result it is sent to entropy estimate circuit；
The entropy estimate circuit is used to calculate entropy estimated result according to the count results；
The judgment module for judging whether the entropy estimated result meets preset sufficient entropy condition, if so, triggering with
Machine number memory module；If it is not, described second single default sampling period number along counter is then adjusted, so that entropy estimate circuit is again
Entropy estimated result is calculated based on described first single count results along counter, meets the preset sufficient entropy until obtaining
The entropy estimated result of condition；
The random number memory module is for storing the random number formed based on the count results.
2. foot entropy number physical noise source device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that first oscillator and institute
The structure of stating the second oscillator is identical, phase inverter comprising identical quantity, wire laying mode having the same, is positioned over same hardware
Same position on platform, using same power supply and at the same time starting.
3. foot entropy number physical noise source device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that first oscillator and the
Two oscillators implement in the form of delay device, and the delay device includes：Ring oscillator.
4. foot entropy number physical noise source device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described first is single along counter
It is single along counter while using upper edge method of counting or simultaneously using lower along method of counting with described second；
The upper edge method of counting refers to：When rising edge occur in first signal or the second signal, periodicity adds
1；It is described lower to refer to along method of counting：When failing edge occur in first signal or the second signal, periodicity adds 1.
5. foot entropy number physical noise source device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that by the controlling of sampling unit
Execute the periodicity that count results preserve the first signal that the first setting quantity is set as with the time of clear operation.
6. foot entropy number physical noise source device according to claim 5, which is characterized in that described first is single along counter
It is counted for the periodicity to first signal, and is generated and counted according to the statistical result of the periodicity of first signal
Number is as a result, include：
Count the second signal periodicity reach the default sampling period number time in, first oscillator
The periodicity of first signal, and the periodicity for the first signal that the periodicity counted is set into quantity with described first
With as count results.
7. foot entropy number physical noise source device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the entropy estimate circuit is used for
Entropy estimated result is calculated according to the count results, including：
According to the count results of the second setting quantity received, the count results of the second setting quantity are calculated in white noise
Under the influence of counting variance yields, and using the counting variance yields as the entropy estimate result of the entropy estimate circuit.
8. foot entropy number physical noise source device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that when the random number stores mould
When block receives external reading data command read, the random number is exported.
9. foot entropy number physical noise source device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the random number memory module
It implements in the form of a memory, including：The data buffer FIFO of first in, first out type.
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| CN114285543A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-04-05 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Built-in electromagnetic disturbance monitoring system and method based on multistage heterogeneous oscillation ring |
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