CN108345032A - A kind of weak illumination region high s/n ratio offset imaging method - Google Patents
A kind of weak illumination region high s/n ratio offset imaging method Download PDFInfo
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- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
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- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of weak illumination region high s/n ratio offset imaging methods, belong to seismic exploration technique field, including according to known focus and P wave Velocity models, the all-wave field u in whole zonings is obtained based on Chang Midu Acoustic Wave-equations；With known boundaries S0On full seismic wave field be boundary condition, all-wave field u is obtained through boundary integral in borderline wave field to integrate wave field u at full-time quartersk(r, t)；Detector data time shaft is inverted and loaded, wave detector anti-pass wave field R is calculated；It will integral wave field uk(r, t) is used as focus main story wave field, and the local tomography result of target area is obtained with the imaged conditions of wave detector anti-pass wave field R.This programme is by extracting the local wave field in main story wave field, the wave field ingredient of extraction is mostly primary reflection or the primary scattering wave of target area structure, multiple reflections or diffracted wave comparison of ingredients are few, and multiple reflections and diffracted wave can introduce imaging noise in conventional reverse-time migration imaging, therefore this programme has higher signal-to-noise ratio.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seismic exploration technique field, more particularly to a kind of weak illumination region based on the reconstruct of local wave field
High s/n ratio offset imaging method.
Background technology
In seismic prospecting, limited acquisition system, complicated overlying medium and wide-angle reflection layer lead to subregion
Illumination is very weak, below especially fine and close salt dome.The region is important oil gas Nesting Zone, and the region that imaging is paid close attention to,
Simultaneously in the communication process of seismic wave, the overlying medium of front propagation to this complexity all can cause seismic amplitude very big
Ground is decayed and wavefront greatly distorts.In the region that these seismic wave illuminations are very poor, the amplitude of signal is even less than noise
Amplitude, complicated subsurface geology condition bring prodigious difficulty to seismic imaging.
Currently, the data of a part of wave detector are generally picked out from common-shot-gather using the method for ray tracing, this
Part wave detector contains data of the ray path by target area.Using the data for the wave detector picked out come to target
Region is imaged, to enhance local imaging results.This method has the following defects：(1) it takes longer：Need additional profit
The wave field by target area is tracked with the method for ray tracing, needs the layer position inclination angle for repeatedly attempting target area.(2)
Imaging results are inaccurate：This method requires height to initial model, and only model could accurately have ray path accurately pre-
It surveys, and if needing to carry out it is assumed that inclination angle selects mistake the layer position inclination angle of target area using the method for ray tracing tracking ray
Accidentally, the data of selection also can mistake, imaging results can not focus.(3) extraction of data is not pure enough：Because choosing data
Mode is to be chosen by wave detector, includes not merely the reflected waveform data from target area in a wave detector, may also wrap
Containing the reflected waveform data from other regions, the data of these redundancies may will produce some imagings unrelated with object construction
As a result.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of weak illumination region high s/n ratio offset imaging method, with improve illumination compared with
The seismic imaging result of weak position.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
Using a kind of weak illumination region high s/n ratio offset imaging method, including：
According to known focus and P wave Velocity models, obtained in whole zonings based on Chang Midu Acoustic Wave-equations
All-wave field u；
With known boundaries S0On full seismic wave field be boundary condition, all-wave field u is accumulated in borderline wave field through boundary
Get full-time quarter integral wave field uk(r, t)；
Detector data time shaft is inverted and loaded, wave detector anti-pass wave field R is calculated；
By the integral wave field uk(r, t) is used as focus main story wave field, is obtained with the imaged conditions of wave detector anti-pass wave field R
To the local tomography result of target area.
As further preferred scheme, the all-wave field u in target area is obtained based on Chang Midu Acoustic Wave-equations,
Specially：
Focus is loaded, and the all-wave field u in target area is calculated according to following Acoustic Wave-equation：
Wherein, t is time variable, and v is P wave Velocity models, and Δ indicates Laplace operator.
As further preferred scheme, integral wave field uk(r, t) calculation formula is：
Wherein, wherein r is spatial position, and r " is spatially origin to boundary S0The upper vector of a bit, t and τ are the time
Variable, G (r, r "；T, τ) be the Chang Midu Acoustic Wave-equations Green's function, n indicate boundary S0Normal direction.
It is described that all-wave field u is obtained into integral wave in borderline wave field through boundary integral as further preferred scheme
Field uk, specifically include：
The focus of a1, load time step -1 step of jth are obtaining time step jth step just according to the Acoustic Wave-equation
Pass wave field u；
A2, by the u of -1 step of time step jth in boundary S0On wave field be synchronized to integral wave field uk, and according to the sound wave
Wave equation obtains time step jth step integral wave field uk；
A3, time step j=j+1, and step a1 to a2 is repeated until time step j>N, wherein N are total time step number.
As further preferred scheme, the calculating wave detector anti-pass wave field R is specifically included：
The surface data of b1, load time step N-j+1 step, and according to the Acoustic Wave-equation obtains time step the
The anti-pass wave field R of N-j+1 steps；
B2, time step j=j+1, and step b1 is re-executed until time step j>N, N are total time step number.
As further preferred scheme, wave field u will be integratedk(r, t) is used as focus main story wave field, with wave detector anti-pass
The imaged conditions of wave field R obtain the local tomography of target area as a result, specifically including：
Based on following formula to main story wave field uk(r, t) is with wave detector anti-pass wave field R in zero propagation cross-correlation image-forming condition
Under, obtain the local tomography result of target area：
Wherein, T is the total duration for recording wave field.
As further preferred scheme, given image-forming condition further include division image-forming condition, normalization image-forming condition,
Maximum excitation moment image-forming condition is based on multichannel cross-correlation image-forming condition and time shift image-forming condition etc..
As further preferred scheme, time and space domain finite difference method, FInite Element, non-mesh method are utilized
And frequency space domain finite difference method etc. solves the Acoustic Wave-equation.
Compared with prior art, there are following technique effects by the present invention：Due to primary event and primary scattering longitudinal wave (P
Wave) it is main signal used in conventional migration technique imaging.This programme by being extracted to the local wave field in main story wave field,
It has erased from imaging results and the incoherent picture in target area.Simultaneously as the wave field ingredient of extraction is mostly target area knot
The primary reflection of structure or primary scattering wave, multiple reflections or diffracted wave comparison of ingredients are few, and multiple reflections and diffracted wave meeting
Imaging noise is introduced in conventional reverse-time migration imaging, so it is imaged meeting compared with by single primary reflection or primary scattering wave
With higher signal-to-noise ratio.
Description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the specific implementation mode of the present invention is described in detail：
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow diagram of weak illumination region high s/n ratio offset imaging method；
Fig. 2 is a kind of detailed realization schematic diagram of weak illumination region high s/n ratio offset imaging method；
Fig. 3 is Kirchhoff migiation schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is limited long boundary Kirchhoff migiation schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is P wave Velocity models；
Fig. 6 is to P waves Velocity model is handled in Fig. 5 model imaging results.
Specific implementation mode
In order to illustrate further the feature of the present invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings of the present invention.Institute
Attached drawing is only for reference and purposes of discussion, is not used for limiting protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 2, present embodiment discloses a kind of weak illumination region high s/n ratio offset imaging methods, including
Following steps S101 to S104：
S101, according to known focus and P wave Velocity models, obtained in target area based on Chang Midu Acoustic Wave-equations
All-wave field u；
S102, with known boundaries S0On full seismic wave field be boundary condition, all-wave field u is passed through in borderline wave field
Boundary integral obtains full-time quarter integral wave field uk(r, t)；
It should be noted that t is time variable, r is spatial position, and the full earthquake wave field of the known boundaries of selection is answered
Near object construction, boundary S0On wave field can be obtained u through boundary integralk(r, t).
S103, detector data time shaft is inverted and is loaded, calculate wave detector anti-pass wave field R；
S104, by the integral wave field uk(r, t) is used as focus main story wave field, with the imaged items of wave detector anti-pass wave field R
Part obtains the local tomography result of target area.
Further, step S101 is specially：The known focus of load, using P waves Velocity model and according to following sound wave wave
All-wave field u in dynamic equation calculation target area：
Wherein, t is time variable, and v is P wave Velocity models, and Δ indicates Laplace operator.
Further, in this embodiment the theoretical foundation of wave field reconstruct is：Integral wave field is obtained using Kirchhoff migiation
ukThe calculating of (r, t), specially：
Wherein, r is spatial position, and r " is spatially origin to boundary S0The upper vector of a bit, t and τ are time variable, G
(r,r”；T, τ) be the Chang Midu Acoustic Wave-equations Green's function, n indicate boundary S0Normal direction.
Further, the Numerical Implementation process of Kirchhoff migiation such as step S102, specifically includes：
The focus of a1, load time step -1 step of jth are obtaining time step jth step just according to the Acoustic Wave-equation
Pass wave field u；
It should be noted that here solve Acoustic Wave-equation method can be used time and space domain finite difference method,
FInite Element, non-mesh method and frequency space domain finite difference method etc..
A2, the u for walking time step jth are in boundary S0On wave field be synchronized to integral wave field uk, and according to the sound wave wave
Dynamic equation obtains time step jth step integral wave field uk；
A3, time step j=j+1, and step a1 to a2 is repeated until time step j>N, wherein N are total time step number.
It should be noted that the time step in the present embodiment refers to the time.
Specifically, in step a2, can pass throughMode synchronize, by u (r) in boundary S0
On wave field be assigned to uk(r), Kirchhoff migiation requires synchronous boundaries S0On wave field u (r, t) and its space derivationBy S in the present embodiment0As the boundary of a tape thickness, that is, regard a region, inside the region
It is determined completely by u (r, t), therefore in u (r, t) in boundary S0On by it is synchronous while,Also it is synchronized.
It should be noted that other method synchronous boundaries S can also be used in the present embodiment0On wave field u (r, t) and
Its space derivationFor example it finds outWith u (r, t), u is then directly allowedk(r,j-1)|S0=u (r, j-1) |S0With
It should also be noted that, in boundary S0The principle that enterprising row bound wave field synchronizes is：When focus is on the boundary of closure
S0Except when, pass through boundary S0On wave field u (r ", t) and its space derivationUsing Kirchhoff migiation formula into
Row bound integral obtains boundary S0Internal wave field, due to boundary S0It is closed, in boundary S0There is u in insidek(r, t)=u (r,
t).For Kirchhoff migiation schematic diagram as shown in figure 3, in Fig. 3, asterisk " * " represents hypocentral location, inverted triangleFor integral
The position of wave field is obtained, r is vector of the origin to integral wave field position, and r " is origin to integral face S0The upper vector of a bit, r'
For the vector of origin to focus, VCIt is respectively the upper lower half-space with V.As shown in Figure 3：S0For the side of a horizontal direction endless
The total space is divided into two half space V up and down by boundaryCWith V.Focus is in upper half-space VCIn, according to Kirchhoff migiation, can make
With boundary S0On wave field integrate to obtain the wave field u at any point in lower half-space Vk(r, t) and meet uk(r, t)=u (r,
t)。
Work as S0It is shorten to limit for length, the Kirchhoff migiation wave field u being illustrated in figure 4 in the case of limit for length's integral boundaryk
(r, t) included wave field ingredient schematic diagram：In the three layer model, black dotted lines are to have limit for length's integral boundary S0, asterisk " * " is
Hypocentral location, black dot " " are scatterer, 1,2,3 be respectively the primary event of second medium interface, multiple reflections and
The ray path of scattered wave field.Ray path 1 shows integral boundary S in Fig. 40On wave field contain reach second speed
The direct wave at interface is spent, so ukThe primary reflection from second velocity interface is contained in (r, t).And ray path
2,3 integral boundary S is shown0On wave field and do not include such multiple reflection and scattered wave, so ukIn (r, t) not
Including the back wave that such multiple reflection and scattered wave are generated in second velocity interface.So uk(r, t) is at this moment
The a subset of u (r, t). ukSecond velocity interface of primary reflection pair from second velocity interface in (r, t)
Imaging plays a major role.And the complex wave field that the primary reflection from second velocity interface is removed in u (r, t) is then contributed
Imaging in other velocity interfaces or generation imaging noise.
It should be noted that the wave field of close-proximity target zone is connected the wave of reconstruct by the present embodiment as boundary condition
Field and true wave field, wave field reconstruct are carried out at the same time with source wavefield main story, need not additionally do ray tracing to choose number
According to.
Further, wave detector anti-pass wave field acquisition process includes：
The surface data of b1, load time step N-j+1 step, and according to the Acoustic Wave-equation obtains time step the
The anti-pass wave field R of N-j+1 steps；
B2, time step j=j+1, and step b1 is re-executed until time step j>N, N are total time step number.
Further, wave field u will be integratedk(r, t) is used as focus main story wave field, with wave detector anti-pass wave field R through zero propagation
Cross-correlation image-forming condition obtains the local tomography of target area as a result, imaging formula is：
Wherein, T is the total duration for recording wave field, and given image-forming condition can also be division image-forming condition, be normalized into picture
Condition, is based on multichannel cross-correlation image-forming condition and time shift image-forming condition etc. at maximum excitation moment image-forming condition.
It should be noted that being treated journey to P waves Velocity model shown in fig. 5 using the prior art and this programme
Respectively：
By u (r, t), uk(r, t) is respectively as focus main story wave field and wave detector anti-pass wave field R identical at slice
Traditional reverse-time migration imaging results and the reverse-time migration imaging results based on local wave-field reconstruction are obtained under part：
Wherein, Image (r) is traditional reverse-time migration imaging results, Imagek(r) it is the local tomography knot of target area
Fruit.Its imaging results is as shown in fig. 6, wherein Fig. 6-(a) is to be imaged knot using traditional single-shot reverse-time migration that the prior art obtains
Fruit, Fig. 6-(b) are according to the single-shot reverse-time migration imaging results of the local wave-field reconstruction of integral boundary, and Fig. 6-(c) is using existing
It is the local wave-field reconstruction according to boundary integral to have the more big gun reverse-time migration imaging results of tradition that technology obtains, Fig. 6-(d)
More big gun reverse-time migration imaging results.
In Fig. 5, the position of black dotted lines label is integral boundary S0, black square is the mesh that a size is 5m × 5m
Mark scattering hole, hole top geologic structure are complicated.Use single-shot data (such as Fig. 6-(a) and 6- in the positions earth's surface 100m
(b) red irregular body mark) traditional reverse-time migration imaging results such as Fig. 6-(a), and the office based on boundary integral can be obtained
The migration imaging result such as 6- (b) of portion's wave field reconstruct.The offset method reconstructed by local wave field, we have obtained than tradition
The picture for the underground opening that reverse-time migration result is more clear.Fig. 6-(c) and 6- (d) be respectively traditional inverse time of more big gun data it is inclined
The migration imaging of imaging results and the local wave field reconstruct based on boundary integral is moved as a result, Fig. 6-(c) and 6- are seen in shot position
(d).It can be seen that under more big gun data, the migration imaging result of the local wave field reconstruct based on boundary integral has obtained preferably
It focuses, underground opening ambient noise is less.And the method reconstructed by local wave field, it is reconstructed and comes from underground opening
Primary scattering wave is for being imaged.And it is flooded with the scattered wave for coming from other structures in traditional reverse-time migration method imaging results
The noise formed with multiply-scattered wave, this causes the result signal-to-noise ratio of traditional reverse-time migration imaging to be far below based on local wave field
The signal-to-noise ratio of the reverse-time migration imaging method of reconstruct.
It should be noted that this programme have the advantage that it is as follows：
(1) this programme is by extracting the local wave field in main story wave field, has erased from imaging results and target
The incoherent picture in region.Simultaneously as the wave field ingredient of extraction is mostly primary reflection or the primary scattering of target area structure
Wave, multiple reflections or diffracted wave comparison of ingredients are few, and multiple reflections and diffracted wave can introduce in conventional reverse-time migration imaging
It is imaged noise, so can have higher signal-to-noise ratio by more single primary reflection or the imaging of primary scattering wave.
(2) as requirement of requirement of this programme to model with reverse-time migration to model.It need not be to the anti-of target area
Penetrating the information such as inclination layer has the condition of priori.It does not need more by assuming that object construction inclination angle, the mode of multiple ray tracing carry
Take reflectance data.
(3) this programme by using the wave field near object construction as boundary condition come connect reconstruct wave field with it is true
Wave field, wave field reconstruct carries out while doing source wavefield main story, and need not additionally do ray tracing to choose data.
(4) this programme mainly extracts the primary reflection of object construction, primary scattering wave, will be unrelated with object construction
It wave field and excludes reconstructing except wave field with the relevant multiple reflection of object construction and diffracted wave etc..Utilize ray tracing
Include the wave detector for passing through target area data to find, include is unrelated with object construction in the detector data selected
Primary event, multiple reflections and diffracted wave etc. can not all be excluded, so the wave field of this programme extraction is more targetedly as schemed
Shown in 3.
This method is suitable for the imaging of any position, compared to traditional reverse-time migration imaging results, this programme imaging results
It is more clear, especially to illuminations such as salt dome lower section, complex dielectrics lower section and overhung structures (wide-angle structure) compared with weak position
Imaging results have more apparent improvement.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of weak illumination region high s/n ratio offset imaging method, which is characterized in that including：
According to known focus and P wave Velocity models, the all-wave in whole zonings is obtained based on Chang Midu Acoustic Wave-equations
Field u；
With known boundaries S0On full seismic wave field be boundary condition, all-wave field u is obtained in borderline wave field through boundary integral
Full-time quarter integral wave field uk(r, t)；
Detector data time shaft is inverted and loaded, wave detector anti-pass wave field R is calculated；
It will integral wave field uk(r, t) is used as focus main story wave field, and target area is obtained with the imaged conditions of wave detector anti-pass wave field R
Local tomography result.
2. weak illumination region high s/n ratio offset imaging method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described to be based on Chang Mi
Degree Acoustic Wave-equation obtains the all-wave field u in whole zonings, specially：
Focus is loaded, and the all-wave field u in target area is calculated according to following Acoustic Wave-equation：
Wherein, t is time variable, and v is P wave Velocity models, and Δ indicates Laplace operator.
3. weak illumination region high s/n ratio offset imaging method as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the integral wave field
uk(r, t) calculation formula is：
Wherein, r is spatial position, and r " is spatially origin to boundary S0The upper vector of a bit, t and τ are time variable, G (r, r "；
T, τ) be the Chang Midu Acoustic Wave-equations Green's function, n indicate boundary S0Normal direction.
4. weak illumination region high s/n ratio offset imaging method as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that described by all-wave field
U obtains integral wave field u in borderline wave field through boundary integralk, specifically include：
The focus of a1, load time step -1 step of jth obtain the main story wave field that time step jth walks according to the Acoustic Wave-equation
u；
A2, by the u of -1 step of time step jth in boundary S0On wave field be synchronized to integral wave field uk, and according to the sound wave fluctuation side
Journey obtains time step jth step integral wave field uk；
A3, time step j=j+1, and step a1 to a2 is repeated until time step j>N, wherein N are total time step number.
5. the weak illumination region high s/n ratio offset imaging method described in claim 3, which is characterized in that the calculating wave detector
Anti-pass wave field R, specifically includes：
The surface data of b1, load time step N-j+1 step, and according to the Acoustic Wave-equation, obtain time step N-j+1
The anti-pass wave field R of step；
B2, time step j=j+1, and step b1 is re-executed until time step j>N, N are total time step number.
6. weak illumination region high s/n ratio offset imaging method as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that described to integrate wave
Field uk(r, t) is used as focus main story wave field, and the local tomography knot of target area is obtained with the imaged conditions of wave detector anti-pass wave field R
Fruit specifically includes：
Based on following formula to main story wave field uk(r, t) under given image-forming condition, obtains target area with wave detector anti-pass wave field R
The local tomography result in domain：
Wherein, T is the total duration for recording wave field.
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| CN110988993A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-04-10 | 清华大学 | Offset imaging method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN112748463A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-05-04 | 中国科学技术大学 | Local offset imaging method based on deep learning illumination analysis |
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