CN108339913A - A kind of forging method of metallurgy mine tram wheel - Google Patents
A kind of forging method of metallurgy mine tram wheel Download PDFInfo
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- CN108339913A CN108339913A CN201810116791.2A CN201810116791A CN108339913A CN 108339913 A CN108339913 A CN 108339913A CN 201810116791 A CN201810116791 A CN 201810116791A CN 108339913 A CN108339913 A CN 108339913A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of forging methods of metallurgical mine tram wheel, include the following steps：（1）Blanking upsetting base：By band sawing machine to round steel blanking；（2）Pendulum is ground into type：By step（1）Pre- upsetting blank first successively by primary annealing, one-time surface Passivation Treatment and a lubricated technique, is then put into pendulum mill and swing by the pre- upsetting blank of middle gained to roll；（3）Turnery processing：By step（2）The cold pendulum of middle gained grinds part and drills, then carries out rough turn, half smart car successively to the outer surface that cold pendulum grinds part and smart car obtains taper turning part；Taper turning part is passed through to double annealing processing, secondary surface passivating treatment and secondary lubricated technique successively again；（4）Milling Process：By step（3）The separate wheel rim one side of the taper turning part of middle gained carries out Milling Process scallop hole by milling machine and wheel hub obtains milling part；（5）Grinding；（6）Heat treatment：To step（5）In abrading article carry out carburizing and quenching obtain workpiece.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to forging molding technical fields, more particularly, to a kind of forging method of metallurgical mine tram wheel.
Background technology
Tramcar wheel is one of the conventional products of industrial and mineral machinery, mostly use permanent mold casting mode greatly and produce, for many years
In production practices, corresponding Prevention method is taken for the defect for being easier to occur, significantly reduces mine tram wheel permanent mold casting
The defects of generate probability, so that mine tram wheel yield rate is reached 95% or more.Stomata, contracting are also easy to produce in mine tram wheel permanent mold casting
The defects of hole, shrinkage porosite, crackle；The main reason for it is generated is easily to generate stomata at (1) axis hole.In former technique, at axis hole by
Metal mold forming (No. 2 originals of sand core are not used, and are a metal mold upper mold part originally herein), after cast, bulk gas is arranged in casting mold
Go out, accumulate at axis hole, forms dead angle at axis hole.Since metal mold is difficult to be vented, after Mechanical processing of casting, often sent out at axis hole
Existing gas hole defect；(2) it is shaped by metal mold at wheel hub spoke, casting process misoperation often generates gas hole defect；Mainly
Caused by reason is metal mold preheating temperature height and excessive oxidation；Metal mold preheating temperature is too high or too low in production, can all make
At associated disadvantages, it is necessary to control suitable preheating temperature according to produce reality.When summer continuous production, it is necessary to cooling be taken to arrange
It applies, so that preheating temperature reaches requirement, reduces the generation of gas hole defect.(3) wheel rim is easy tod produce with wheel rim junction and is split
The main reason for line, generation is caused by mold preheating temperature is low and unreasonable structure.Circular arc is for example too small at C, forms wedge angle, increases
The big tendentiousness for forming crackle, easily forms crack defect.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a kind of forging method making metallurgical mine tram wheel, the strong line of metallurgical mine tram wheel is reduced, simultaneously
In terms of material, also greatly saved material, this simultaneously, also save labour, equipment occupancy.
Invention content
The invention solves another technical problem be to provide it is a kind of it is at low cost, materials are few, time saving and energy saving and crackle is few
Metallurgical mine tram wheel forging method.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is, the forging method of the metallurgy mine tram wheel, specifically
Include the following steps：
(1) blanking upsetting base：By band sawing machine to round steel blanking, by under round steel at rodlike lower materials and parts；The size of lower materials and parts
Specification is 180~300mm of φ, and length is 140~150mm；High-frequency induction is added in lower materials and parts by machine automatization feeding device
Heating furnace, heating temperature are 1000~1100 DEG C, and the lower materials and parts after heating carry out pre- upsetting base, are molded using 200T hydraulic presses；First
Lower materials and parts are put under first pressure machine on heading, forcing press applies under pressure, and upper heading pushes, and material point is carried out to lower materials and parts
It flows while removing the oxide skin generated when heating, lower materials and parts upsetting is had to the pre- upsetting blank of wheel rim at upper surface；
(2) pendulum is ground into type：By obtained pre- upsetting blank in step (1) first successively by primary annealing, a table
Face Passivation Treatment and a lubricated technique, then by pre- upsetting blank be put into pendulum mill carry out swing roll, by pre- upsetting blank
Upper end has the one side of wheel rim highly to reduce under taper die effect, and diameter increases, and is formed on the inside of upper end edge wheel rim and is recessed inwardly
Cold pendulum grind part；The primary annealing is that first pre- upsetting blank is placed in annealing furnace, is heated to 820 DEG C, keeps the temperature at least 3h,
Then 200 DEG C are first furnace-cooled to, then is cooled to room temperature in air；The one-time surface Passivation Treatment is after once annealing
Pre- upsetting blank is put into progress one-time surface Passivation Treatment in the deactivation slot of passivating solution, and the temperature of Passivation Treatment is 50~65 DEG C,
Passivation time is 150~200 seconds；
(3) turnery processing：Obtained cold pendulum in step (2) is ground part to drill, then grinds cold pendulum the outer surface of part
Rough turn, half smart car is carried out successively and smart car obtains taper turning part；Taper turning part is passed through to double annealing processing, two successively again
Subsurface Passivation Treatment and secondary lubricated technique；
(4) Milling Process：The separate wheel rim one side of obtained taper turning part in step (3) is subjected to milling by milling machine
It cuts processing scallop hole and wheel hub obtains milling part；
(5) grinding：By obtained milling part in step (4) successively by corase grinding and fine grinding, abrading article is obtained；Again
By abrading article successively by annealing, three times surface passivating treatment and lubricated technique three times three times；
(6) it is heat-treated：Carburizing and quenching is carried out to the abrading article in step (5) and obtains workpiece.
Through the above technical solutions, wherein having wheel rim on the inside of mine tram wheel, there are certain intervals between wheel rim and rail.Wheel with
Rail contact tread do it is tapered so that wheel in orbiting keep in, reduce mechanical wear, reduce operation resistance
Power.By a hot forging, cold pressing composite molding technique, integrally formed metallurgical mine tram wheel is made, has realized to metallurgical mine car
The purpose for taking turns the whole Plastic Forming of workpiece makes the accurate net molding of product；The forging method, which avoids metallurgical mine tram wheel workpiece, to be made
With the defect generated in casting forming method, and intensity, wearability and the fastness of metallurgical mine tram wheel workpiece are improved, compared to existing
Some integral forming process save material and manpower, time saving and energy saving, while saving the occupancy of equipment, and being suitble to be widely popularized makes
With.
The present invention further improvement lies in that, the drilling in the step (3) grinds part to cold pendulum first and carries out boring the logical of φ 70
The drill bit holes drilled through of φ 70 is then used as axis hole, first clamping taper turning part, repositioning in hole.
The present invention further improvement lies in that, the carburized (case) depth of the carburizing quenching process in the step (6) is 0.215
~0.355mm, infiltration area case hardness are 50~60HRC, specifically include following steps：
1) it heats：By workpiece heat to 1050~1250 DEG C, for use；
2) strong carburizing：It holds a workpiece in the temperature of step (1), carbon potential 1.0~1.2, carries out the strong carburizings of 2~2.5h；
3) it spreads：1300~1350 DEG C are warming up to, carbon potential is 0.7~0.8, carries out 1.0~2.5h carburizings diffusion；
4) primary quenching：Workpiece temperature is reduced to 800~900 DEG C, carries out primary quenching；Then it holds a workpiece in
1000 DEG C hereinafter, soaking time is 1h；
5) secondary carburizing：Workpiece temperature is risen to 1100~1150 DEG C, carbon potential 1.0~1.2 carries out 1~1.5h and oozes for bis- times
Carbon；
6) secondary quenching：Temperature is cooled to 1000~1100 DEG C after secondary diffusion, carbon potential 0.65~0.75, heat preservation 50~
After 80min, workpiece is subjected to oil quenching at 900~950 DEG C, is cooled down in 60~120 DEG C of oil quenchings；
7) oil removing：Cleaning removal workpiece surface oil stain, cleaning solution temperature are controlled at 50~55 DEG C；
8) it is tempered：Using 180~220 DEG C, it is tempered 2.5~3.5h.Such carburizing and heat treatment process can prevent steel
The strength reduction of material, while the time of carburizing and heat treatment process can be shortened.
The present invention further improvement lies in that, the step (2) and in the one-time surface Passivation Treatment before first to pre- upsetting
Blank carries out ungrease treatment, and oil removal treatment is carried out to the pre- upsetting blank for being intended to surface passivating treatment using alkalescent degreasing agent solution,
Degreasing agent dosage is except the 4% of oil solvent total amount, remaining is water, and treatment temperature is 30~50 DEG C, and processing time is 3~5min；
Pre- upsetting blank is washed to remove degreasing agent after ungrease treatment.The ungrease treatment can remove the grease of steel surface, have
Conducive to following process.
The present invention further improvement lies in that, in the one-time surface Passivation Treatment, the step (3) in the step (2)
Secondary surface passivating treatment and in the surface passivating treatment three times in the step (5), used passivation treating agent, by with
Lower component forms in parts by weight：100 parts of water, 10 parts of hydrofluoric acid, 8 parts of nitric acid, 2.5 parts of sulfuric acid.
The present invention further improvement lies in that, the double annealing in the step (3) processing is first by taper turning part
It is placed in annealing furnace, is heated to 800~850 DEG C, keep the temperature at least 3h, be then first furnace-cooled to 250 DEG C, then be cooled to room in air
Temperature.
The present invention further improvement lies in that, in the step (4) quantity of scallop hole be 6, be uniformly distributed along axis center.
The present invention further improvement lies in that, the annealing three times in the step (5) is that milling part is first placed in annealing
In stove, 700~750 DEG C are heated to, at least 3h is kept the temperature, is then first furnace-cooled to 250 DEG C, then be cooled to room temperature in air.
The present invention further improvement lies in that, in the one-time surface Passivation Treatment, the step (3) in the step (2)
As secondary surface passivating treatment with the technique of the surface passivating treatment three times in the step (5) is.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention passes through a hot forging, cold pressing composite molding work
Skill has been made integrally formed metallurgical mine tram wheel, has realized the purpose of the whole Plastic Forming to metallurgical mine tram wheel workpiece, make production
The accurate net molding of product；The making moulding process is without split type processing recombinant and weld defect is not present, in use
Be not in fracture, and concentricity is more preferable, avoids the failure that metallurgical mine tram wheel workpiece is detached from disintegration in use, therefore
Intensity, wearability and the fastness for improving metallurgical mine tram wheel workpiece, compared to existing integral forming process save material and
Manpower, it is time saving and energy saving, while the occupancy of equipment is saved, it is suitble to be widely used to promote.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment：The wheel diameter of the metallurgy mine tram wheel finished product is 300mm, and the diameter of axle of wheel is 70mm；The metallurgy mine car
The forging method of wheel, specifically includes following steps：
(1) blanking upsetting base：By band sawing machine to round steel blanking, by under round steel at rodlike lower materials and parts；The size of lower materials and parts
Specification is φ 300mm, length 145mm；High-frequency induction furnace, heating is added in lower materials and parts by machine automatization feeding device
Temperature is 1050 DEG C, and the lower materials and parts after heating carry out pre- upsetting base, are molded using 200T hydraulic presses；Lower materials and parts are first put into first
Under forcing press on heading, forcing press applies under pressure, and upper heading pushes, when carrying out material diversion to lower materials and parts while removing heating
Lower materials and parts upsetting is had the pre- upsetting blank of wheel rim by the oxide skin of generation at upper surface；
(2) pendulum is ground into type：By obtained pre- upsetting blank in step (1) first successively by primary annealing, a table
Face Passivation Treatment and a lubricated technique, then by pre- upsetting blank be put into pendulum mill carry out swing roll, by pre- upsetting blank
Upper end has the one side of wheel rim highly to reduce under taper die effect, and diameter increases, and is formed on the inside of upper end edge wheel rim and is recessed inwardly
Cold pendulum grind part；The primary annealing is that first pre- upsetting blank is placed in annealing furnace, is heated to 820 DEG C, keeps the temperature 3h, then
200 DEG C are first furnace-cooled to, then is cooled to room temperature in air；The one-time surface Passivation Treatment is the pre- upsetting after once annealing
Blank is put into progress one-time surface Passivation Treatment in the deactivation slot of passivating solution, and the temperature of Passivation Treatment is 55 DEG C, passivation time
It is 180 seconds；
(3) turnery processing：Obtained cold pendulum in step (2) is ground part to drill, then carries out rough turn, half smart car successively
Taper turning part is obtained with smart car；Taper turning part is passed through to double annealing processing, secondary surface passivating treatment and two successively again
Secondary lubricated technique；
(4) Milling Process：Obtained taper turning part in step (3) is carried out Milling Process scallop hole by milling machine to obtain
To milling part；
(5) grinding：By obtained milling part in step (4) successively by corase grinding and fine grinding, abrading article is obtained；Again
By abrading article successively by annealing, three times surface passivating treatment and lubricated technique three times three times；
(6) it is heat-treated：Carburizing and quenching is carried out to the abrading article in step (5) and obtains workpiece；Brill in the step (3)
Hole grinds part to cold pendulum first and bore the through-hole of φ 70 as axis hole, first clamping taper turning part, repositioning, then with φ 70
Drill bit holes drilled through；The carburized (case) depth of carburizing quenching process in the step (6) is 0.3mm, and infiltration area case hardness is
60HRC specifically includes following steps：
1) it heats：By workpiece heat to 1250 DEG C, for use；
2) strong carburizing：It holds a workpiece in the temperature of step (1), carbon potential 1.0, carries out the strong carburizings of 2.5h；
3) it spreads：1300 DEG C are warming up to, carbon potential 0.7 carries out 2h carburizing diffusions；
4) primary quenching：Workpiece temperature is reduced to 900 DEG C, carries out primary quenching；Then 1000 DEG C are held a workpiece in
Hereinafter, soaking time is 1h；
5) secondary carburizing：Workpiece temperature is risen to 1100 DEG C, carbon potential 1.0 carries out bis- carburizings of 1.5h；
7) secondary quenching：Temperature is cooled to 1000 DEG C after secondary diffusion, carbon potential 0.65, after keeping the temperature 60min, by workpiece
Oil quenching is carried out at 950 DEG C, is cooled down in 100 DEG C of oil quenchings；
8) oil removing：Cleaning removal workpiece surface oil stain, cleaning solution temperature are controlled at 55 DEG C；
9) it is tempered：Using 200 DEG C, it is tempered 2.5h；The step (2) and in the one-time surface Passivation Treatment before it is first right
Pre- upsetting blank carries out ungrease treatment, is carried out at oil removing to the pre- upsetting blank for being intended to surface passivating treatment using alkalescent degreasing agent solution
Reason, degreasing agent dosage are except the 4% of oil solvent total amount, remaining is water, and treatment temperature is 40 DEG C, processing time 4min；Degreasing
Pre- upsetting blank is washed to remove degreasing agent after processing；One-time surface Passivation Treatment, the step in the step (2)
(3) secondary surface passivating treatment in and in the surface passivating treatment three times in the step (5), used Passivation Treatment
Agent is made of in parts by weight following component：100 parts of water, 10 parts of hydrofluoric acid, 8 parts of nitric acid, 2.5 parts of sulfuric acid；The step (3)
In double annealing processing be that first taper turning part is placed in annealing furnace, be heated to 800 DEG C, keep the temperature 3h, then first stove
It is cooled to 250 DEG C, then is cooled to room temperature in air；The quantity of scallop hole is 6 in the step (4), is uniformly divided along axis center
Cloth；Annealing three times in the step (5) is that first milling part is placed in annealing furnace, is heated to 750 DEG C, heat preservation is at least
Then 3h is first furnace-cooled to 250 DEG C, then is cooled to room temperature in air；One-time surface Passivation Treatment, institute in the step (2)
It states as the secondary surface passivating treatment in step (3) with the technique of the surface passivating treatment three times in the step (5) is.
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment,
Technical field those of ordinary skill within the scope of knowledge, can also do without departing from the purpose of the present invention
Go out various change.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of forging method of metallurgy mine tram wheel, which is characterized in that specifically include following steps：
（1）Blanking upsetting base：By band sawing machine to round steel blanking, by under round steel at rodlike lower materials and parts；The dimensions of lower materials and parts
For 180 ~ 300mm of φ, length is 140 ~ 150mm；High-frequency induction furnace is added in lower materials and parts by machine automatization feeding device,
Heating temperature is 1000 ~ 1100 DEG C, and the lower materials and parts after heating carry out pre- upsetting base, are molded using 200T hydraulic presses；First by lower materials and parts
It is put under first pressure machine on heading, forcing press applies under pressure, and upper heading pushes, and carry out material diversion to lower materials and parts goes simultaneously
Lower materials and parts upsetting, is there is the pre- upsetting blank of wheel rim by the oxide skin generated when except heating at upper surface；
（2）Pendulum is ground into type：By step（1）In obtained pre- upsetting blank it is first blunt by primary annealing, one-time surface successively
Change processing and a lubricated technique, then by pre- upsetting blank be put into pendulum mill carry out swing roll, by pre- upsetting blank upper end
There is the one side of wheel rim highly to reduce under taper die effect, diameter increases, and is recessed inwardly on the inside of formation upper end edge wheel rim cold
Pendulum grinds part；The primary annealing is that first pre- upsetting blank is placed in annealing furnace, is heated to 820 DEG C, keeps the temperature at least 3h, then
200 DEG C are first furnace-cooled to, then is cooled to room temperature in air；The one-time surface Passivation Treatment is the pre- upsetting after once annealing
Blank is put into the deactivation slot of passivating solution progress one-time surface Passivation Treatment, and the temperature of Passivation Treatment is 50 ~ 65 DEG C, when passivation
Between be 150 ~ 200 seconds；
（3）Turnery processing：By step（2）In obtained cold pendulum grind part and drill, then carry out rough turn, half smart car and essence successively
Vehicle obtains taper turning part；Taper turning part is passed through to double annealing processing, secondary surface passivating treatment and secondary profit successively again
Sliding treatment process；
（4）Milling Process：By step（3）In obtained taper turning part by milling machine carry out Milling Process scallop hole obtain milling
Cutting members；
（5）Grinding：By step（4）In obtained milling part successively by corase grinding and fine grinding, obtain abrading article；It again will mill
Cutting members is successively by annealing, three times surface passivating treatment and lubricated technique three times three times；
（6）Heat treatment：To step（5）In abrading article carry out carburizing and quenching obtain workpiece.
2. the forging method of metallurgy mine tram wheel as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step（3）In drilling, it is first
Part first is ground to cold pendulum and bore the through-hole of φ 70 as axis hole, first clamping taper turning part, repositioning, then with the drill bit of φ 70
Holes drilled through.
3. the forging method of metallurgy mine tram wheel as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step（6）In carburizing quench
The carburized (case) depth of ignition technique is 0.2 ~ 0.4mm, and infiltration area case hardness is 50 ~ 60HRC, specifically includes following steps：
1）Heating：By workpiece heat to 1050 ~ 1250 DEG C, for use；
2）Strong carburizing：Hold a workpiece in step（1）Temperature in, carbon potential 1.0 ~ 1.2, carry out the strong carburizings of 2 ~ 2.5h；
3）Diffusion：1300 ~ 1350 DEG C are warming up to, carbon potential is 0.7 ~ 0.8, carries out 1.0 ~ 2.5h carburizings diffusion；
4）Primary quenching：Workpiece temperature is reduced to 800 ~ 900 DEG C, carries out primary quenching；Then 1000 DEG C are held a workpiece in
Hereinafter, soaking time is 1h；
5）Secondary carburizing：Workpiece temperature is risen to 1100~1150 DEG C, carbon potential 1.0 ~ 1.2 carries out 1 ~ 1.5h, bis- carburizings；
6）Secondary quenching：Temperature is cooled to 1000 ~ 1100 DEG C after secondary diffusion, carbon potential 0.65 ~ 0.75 keeps the temperature 50 ~ 80 min
Afterwards, workpiece is carried out to oil quenching at 900 ~ 950 DEG C, is cooled down in 60 ~ 120 DEG C of oil quenchings；
7）Oil removing：Cleaning removal workpiece surface oil stain, cleaning solution temperature are controlled at 50 ~ 55 DEG C；
8）Tempering：Using 180 ~ 220 DEG C, it is tempered 2.5 ~ 3.5h.
4. the forging method of metallurgy mine tram wheel as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step（2）Described in in
Ungrease treatment first is carried out to pre- upsetting blank before one-time surface Passivation Treatment, using alkalescent degreasing agent solution to being intended at surface passivation
The pre- upsetting blank of reason carries out oil removal treatment, and degreasing agent dosage is except the 4% of oil solvent total amount, remaining is water, and treatment temperature is 30 ~
50 DEG C, processing time is 3 ~ 5min；Pre- upsetting blank is washed to remove degreasing agent after ungrease treatment.
5. the forging method of metallurgy mine tram wheel as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step（2）In a table
Face Passivation Treatment, the step（3）In secondary surface passivating treatment and with the step（5）In surface passivating treatment three times
In, used passivation treating agent is made of in parts by weight following component：100 parts of water, 10 parts of hydrofluoric acid, 8 parts of nitric acid, sulphur
2.5 parts of acid.
6. the forging method of metallurgy mine tram wheel as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the step（3）In described two
Secondary annealing is that first taper turning part is placed in annealing furnace, is heated to 800 ~ 850 DEG C, keeps the temperature at least 3h, then first furnace cooling
To 250 DEG C, then it is cooled to room temperature in air.
7. the forging method of metallurgy mine tram wheel as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the step（4）Middle scallop hole
Quantity is 6, is uniformly distributed along axis center.
8. the forging method of metallurgy mine tram wheel as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the step（5）In move back three times
Fire processing is that first milling part is placed in annealing furnace, is heated to 700 ~ 750 DEG C, keeps the temperature at least 3h, is then first furnace-cooled to 250 DEG C,
It is cooled to room temperature in air again.
9. the forging method of metallurgy mine tram wheel as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the step（2）In a table
Face Passivation Treatment, the step（3）In secondary surface passivating treatment and the step（5）In surface passivating treatment three times
Technique is the same.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109333010A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-02-15 | 沈劲松 | A kind of forging method of metallurgy mine tram wheel |
| CN111002130A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-14 | 南京平双塑机齿轮制造有限公司 | High-precision machining process of special gear for double-screw extruder and grinding machine thereof |
| CN111250931A (en) * | 2020-02-13 | 2020-06-09 | 广东领丰汽车科技实业有限公司 | Manufacturing method of aluminum alloy automobile hub |
| CN112355210A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-02-12 | 仪征常众汽车部件有限公司 | Forging method for automobile hub |
| CN114481007A (en) * | 2022-01-22 | 2022-05-13 | 成都天马精密机械有限公司 | Heat treatment process for carburizing bearing steel |
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