CN108335028A - A kind of mechanism reliability distribution method considering product form and function - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to Reliability Design Technique for Mechanical Products and analysis field more particularly to a kind of mechanism reliability distribution methods considering product form and function.The method considers the influence of product working environment load scatter and product itself structural parameters dispersibility, on this basis, complexity, the density of infection of components and functionality is respectively formed according to product, determines the distribution weight of each section.This method does not need iteration, and calculation amount is small, can extend the method by considering more influence factors, for example consider processing and manufacturing cost, lead time etc..By the reliability for each function of product that this method obtains, can product design directly be carried out by power function, there is highly important engineering application value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Reliability Design Technique for Mechanical Products and analysis field more particularly to one kind considering product form
And the mechanism reliability distribution method of function.
Background technology
Currently, being mature on the whole for the reliability allocation methods of electronic product and mechanical structure class product, both at home and abroad
Scholar proposes a large amount of classical way, the distribution method that such as scores, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), AGREE distribution methods, dry based on stress-intensity
Structural reliability distribution design method related to etc..Generally it is to establish reliability model first if equipment is electronic product,
Then reliability index is assigned to each component, then analyzes the fault mode of each component, obtain each component can
By degree, then according to reliability model evaluation system reliability；If equipment composition is mainly mechanical structure, generally directly divide
The possible failure mode of different structure is analysed, such as static strength failure, fatigue resistance failure, Fatigue/Fracture failure, ambient intensity failure
Deng for each possible failure mode, establishing reliability model, distribute reliability index, ensure whole under the failure mode
Body structure system reaches corresponding reliability requirement.
However, in the prior art when being allocated design to the product comprising motion using above-mentioned classical way,
The problem of structure composition for product often occur does not break down, but product cannot achieve predetermined function at this time.Such as aircraft
Hatch door latch mechanism, in use for some time, often occur hatch door closing after can not lock or unlock process clamping stagnation the problems such as,
And each building block of cabin door lock does not find failure in maintenance.It traces it to its cause, is to use classical reliability distribution method
To the product comprising mechanism when carrying out Reliability Distribution design, influence of the mechanism building block to reliability is only accounted for, and
Influence of the mechanism allomeric function to product reliability is not considered.
Have some correlative studys currently based on the above problem, for example, Li Bo it is remote etc. propose a kind of combination failure tree with
The reliability allocation methods (CN 103440419) of analytic hierarchy process (AHP), using fault tree and minimal cut set, layering carries out reliability
Distribution is suitable for the Reliability Distribution problem of Complex Structural System；Chen Shanqi etc. is for there are the systems of common cause failure, it is proposed that
Reliability allocation methods (CN 104268432) based on failure tree analysis (FTA), by combining expert knowledge library, can to contain it is total because
The complication system of failure carries out constrained Reliability Distribution；Zhang Yimin etc. is based on tri- rank transfer functions of FMEA and Copula letters
Number proposes the Reliability Synthesis distribution method (CN 104992011) for numerically-controlled machine tool, and this method considers system composition
And failure mode, failure frequency, failure a variety of indicators of distribution and the failure dependency such as severity, the method can solve containing
The Complex System Reliability assignment problem of relevant failure；In terms of for the product reliability distribution containing mechanism, Chen Guohua etc. carries
A kind of reliability allocation methods (CN 104298794) for crank-connecting rod mechanism for engine are gone out, each group according to mechanism
It is gradually distributed at the reliability importance size of component, allocation result is each composition parts of crank-connecting rod mechanism for engine
Reliability, do not consider influence of the mechanism allomeric function to reliability in distribution method.
However, for the mechanism class product of functional reliability requirement, the studies above method still cannot overcome reliability
The limitation of Allocation method, it is therefore necessary to which the reliability design link in designing R＆D process provides a set of effective
Feasible Reliability Distribution design method makes it consider the influence of product form and functional requirement to product reliability.
Invention content
Method proposed in this paper is used for the engineering goods containing motion, has corresponding preliminary project and waits for
How the reliability index of distribution carries out reliability index distribution under corresponding environmental load and service load constraint, solves
Certainly structure composition existing for mechanism class product not yet breaks down, but mechanism cannot achieve predetermined function this technical problem.
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention proposes a kind of mechanism reliability distribution considering product form and function
Method, the reliability allocation methods include the following steps：
The target reliability for the product that step 1, the pending reliability index of setting are distributedDetermine the structure group of product
At and functional requirement, the quantity and function quantity of building block are determined according to composition and functional requirement；
The failure severity S of step 2, the failure mode for determining each building block and each failure modeij, failure occur
Spend Oij,
Step 3, the component severity s for calculating each building blocki, component generation degree oi；
Step 4, the working environment E for determining each building blocki, processing and manufacturing technical merit Mi；
Step 5, the load relative distribution L for calculating each building blocksRi, complexity IiAnd density of infection Ci；
Step 6, the failure severity S for determining each function of productk, failure generation degree Ok；
Step 7, the complexity I for calculating each function of productkAnd density of infection Ck；
The complexity I of step 8, comprehensive product composition and function, each building block of normalized and functionrAnd harm
Spend Cr；
Step 9, the Reliability Distribution weights omega for calculating each building block of product and functionr；
Step 10 establishes production reliability computation model；
Step 11, according to Reliability Calculation Model and Reliability Distribution weights omegar, calculate each composition components and functionality
Reliability Rr；
Step 12 is based on production reliability computation model, verifies production reliability index.
Specifically, the target reliability of the product of the pending reliability index distribution of setting described in step 1Method
There are mainly two types of, one is the reliability index requirements for directly using user to propose, another is showing according to like product
There are reliability level and tomorrow requirement, proposes the reliability level target of product.Function effect factor is generally product form portion
Work-in parameters between the design parameter of part, such as bar length, aperture or building block, such as pair clearance, concentricity.
Specifically, fail severity S described in step 2ijWith failure generation degree OijValue range be [1,10], value
It is bigger represent failure consequence it is more serious or occur possibility it is bigger.
Specifically, in step 3 each building block component severity siCalculation formula is as follows：
Wherein：Exp () is exponential function, it is therefore an objective to convert linear failure severity score to non-linear form, because
The severity that fails is bigger, and the difference between different stage is bigger.For the maximum failure severity of product form component i,
Its calculation formula is as follows：
Wherein：N is the failure mode quantity that product form component i includes.
The component generation degree o of each building blockiCalculation formula is as follows：
Specifically, working environment E described in step 4iBad environments degree residing when subsystem operation is represent,
Value range Ei∈ (0.0,1.0], local environment is more severe, and score value is bigger.Fabricate technical merit MiProduct is represent to add
The advance for the technology that work manufacture uses is horizontal, value range Mi∈ (0.0,1.0], use advanced processing and manufacturing technology can be with
The dispersibility of product structure performance is reduced, i.e. score value is smaller.
Specifically, the load relative distribution L in step 5sRiCalculation formula is as follows：
The complexity IiCalculation formula is as follows：
Wherein：niThe component units quantity for including for building block i.
The density of infection CiCalculation formula is as follows：
Specifically, fail severity S described in step 6kWith the failure generation degree OkValue range be [1,10],
Value is bigger to represent that failure consequence is more serious or the possibility that occurs is bigger.
Specifically, the complexity I of each function of product is calculated described in step 7kCalculation formula it is as follows：
Ik=nk
Wherein：nkInclude influence factor quantity for function k.
The density of infection C of each function of productkCalculation formula is as follows：
Specifically, each building block of normalized described in step 8 and the complexity I of functionrAnd density of infection CrFormula
It is as follows：
Wherein：N is the quantity for the building block that product includes, and m is the quantity for the function that product includes, and calculates normalization
The building block of product and function are integrated when complexity and density of infection.
Specifically, the Reliability Distribution weights omega of each building block of product and function is calculated described in step 9rFormula is such as
Under：
Specifically, it is as follows that production reliability computation model calculation is established described in step 10,
It is as follows for Series System Reliability calculation formula：
It is as follows for parallel system formula of reliability：
Specifically, by product objective reliability in step 11And distribution weights omegarIt is public to bring above-mentioned reliability calculating into
Formula calculates each building block of product and the reliability R of each function distributionr。
Specifically, by each building block of product and the reliability R of function in step 12rIn Reliability Model calculation formula
Verify production reliability index.
A kind of the present invention is based on proposition considering product form and the mechanism reliability distribution method of function this skill
Art scheme solves existing system reliability allocation methods due to only considering that the structure composition of product caused by product form does not go out
Existing failure, but the problem of product cannot achieve predetermined function.The method considers product working environment load scatter and production
The influence of product structural parameters dispersibility itself respectively forms complexity, the harm of components and functionality according to product on this basis
Degree, determines the distribution weight of each section.This method does not need iteration, and calculation amount is small, can by consider more influence factors come
Extend the method, for example consider processing and manufacturing cost, lead time etc..Each function of product of being obtained by this method it is reliable
Degree directly can carry out product design by power function, have highly important engineering application value.
Description of the drawings
Attached drawing 1 is the consideration product form of the present invention and the reliability allocation methods flow chart of function；
Attached drawing 2 is the mechanism composition schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention；
Attached drawing 3 is the mechanism main member schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention；
1- monolock main bodys；2- oil pocket seal assemblies；3- pitch brace components；4- link assemblies；5- rocker arm assemblies；6- locks
Hook assembly；7- monolock cantilevers；8- rocking arms；9- connecting rod pull rods；10- rocking arm pull rods；11- latch hooks；12- connecting rods；13- monolock support arms.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it elaborates to embodiment.
The consideration product form of the present invention as shown in Figure 1 and the reliability allocation methods flow chart of function comprising with
Lower step：
The target reliability for the product that step 1, the pending reliability index of setting are distributedDetermine the structure group of product
At and functional requirement, the quantity and function quantity of building block are determined according to composition and functional requirement；
The failure severity S of step 2, the failure mode for determining each building block and each failure modeij, failure occur
Spend Oij,
Step 3, the component severity s for calculating each building blocki, component generation degree oi；
Step 4, the working environment E for determining each building blocki, processing and manufacturing technical merit Mi；
Step 5, the load relative distribution L for calculating each building blocksRi, complexity IiAnd density of infection Ci；
Step 6, the failure severity S for determining each function of productk, failure generation degree Ok；
Step 7, the complexity I for calculating each function of productkAnd density of infection Ck；
The complexity I of step 8, comprehensive product composition and function, each building block of normalized and functionrAnd harm
Spend Cr；
Step 9, the Reliability Distribution weights omega for calculating each building block of product and functionr；
Step 10 establishes production reliability computation model；
Step 11, according to Reliability Calculation Model and Reliability Distribution weights omegar, calculate each composition components and functionality
Reliability Rr；
Step 12 is based on production reliability computation model, verifies production reliability index.
Specifically, the target reliability of the product of the pending reliability index distribution of setting described in step 1Method
There are mainly two types of, one is the reliability index requirements for directly using user to propose, another is showing according to like product
There are reliability level and tomorrow requirement, proposes the reliability level target of product.Function effect factor is generally product form portion
Work-in parameters between the design parameter of part, such as bar length, aperture or building block, such as pair clearance, concentricity.
Specifically, fail severity S described in step 2ijWith failure generation degree OijValue range be [1,10], value
It is bigger represent failure consequence it is more serious or occur possibility it is bigger.
Specifically, in step 3 each building block component severity siCalculation formula is as follows：
Wherein：Exp () is exponential function, it is therefore an objective to convert linear failure severity score to non-linear form, because
The severity that fails is bigger, and the difference between different stage is bigger.For the maximum failure severity of product form component i,
Its calculation formula is as follows：
Wherein：N is the failure mode quantity that product form component i includes.
The component generation degree o of each building blockiCalculation formula is as follows：
Specifically, working environment E described in step 4iBad environments degree residing when subsystem operation is represent,
Value range Ei∈ (0.0,1.0], local environment is more severe, and score value is bigger.Fabricate technical merit MiProduct is represent to add
The advance for the technology that work manufacture uses is horizontal, value range Mi∈ (0.0,1.0], use advanced processing and manufacturing technology can be with
The dispersibility of product structure performance is reduced, i.e. score value is smaller.
Specifically, the load relative distribution L in step 5sRiCalculation formula is as follows：
The complexity IiCalculation formula is as follows：
Wherein：niThe component units quantity for including for building block i.
The density of infection CiCalculation formula is as follows：
Specifically, fail severity S described in step 6kWith the failure generation degree OkValue range be [1,10],
Value is bigger to represent that failure consequence is more serious or the possibility that occurs is bigger.
Specifically, the complexity I of each function of product is calculated described in step 7kCalculation formula it is as follows：
Ik=nk (7)
Wherein：nkInclude influence factor quantity for function k.
The density of infection C of each function of productkCalculation formula is as follows：
Specifically, each building block of normalized described in step 8 and the complexity I of functionrAnd density of infection CrFormula
It is as follows：
Wherein：N is the quantity for the building block that product includes, and m is the quantity for the function that product includes, and calculates normalization
The building block of product and function are integrated when complexity and density of infection.
Specifically, the Reliability Distribution weights omega of each building block of product and function is calculated described in step 9rFormula is such as
Under：
Specifically, it is as follows that production reliability computation model calculation is established described in step 10,
It is as follows for Series System Reliability calculation formula：
It is as follows for parallel system formula of reliability：
Specifically, by product objective reliability in step 11And distribution weights omegarIt brings formula (12) or (13) into, calculates
Go out product each group into component and the reliability R of each function distributionr。
Specifically, by each building block of product and the reliability R of function in step 12rReliability Model calculation formula
(12) or in (13) production reliability index is verified.
In another embodiment, by taking a kind of aircraft door latch mechanism as an example, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.The latch mechanism is by list
Totally 6 component compositions such as main body, oil pocket seal assembly, pitch brace component, link assembly, rocker arm assembly, hook locking component are locked,
Each component contains several parts, and product includes 50 parts altogether.In addition the function of this lock mainly has locking locking and unlocking to release
Two big functions are put, the length because being known as monolock cantilever 7 of locking locking and unlocking release function is influenced, the length of rocking arm 8, connects
The length of bar pull rod 9, the length of rocking arm pull rod 10, the length of latch hook 11, connecting rod 12 act on displacement, monolock support arm 13 length
Degree and 6 revolutes and the gap of 1 prismatic pair by connecting formation between them.
Step 1, the target reliability of latch mechanismProduct shares 6 building blocks and 2 functional requirements,
The quantity and function quantity of each building block are shown in Table 1 the 3rd row.
Step 2, the FMEA analysis results according to latch mechanism, determine the failure mode of each building block, and the mould that respectively fails
The failure severity S of formulaij, failure generation degree Oij, it is shown in Table 1 the 4th~6 row.
Step 3, the failure severity S according to each failure modeij, failure generation degree OijCalculate the component of each building block
Severity si, component generation degree oi, it is shown in Table 1 the 7th~8 row.
The factor levels such as step 4, the working environment for determining each building block, processing and manufacturing technology, it is shown in Table 1 the 9th~
10 row.
Step 5, the load relative distribution L for calculating each building blocksRi, complexity IiAnd density of infection Ci, it is shown in Table 2 the 4th~
6 row.
Step 6, the failure severity S for determining each function of productk, failure generation degree OkEqual factor levels, are shown in Table 1 the 5th~6
Row.
Step 7, the complexity I for calculating each function of productkAnd density of infection CkAs a result, being shown in Table 2 the 5th~6 row.
The complexity I of step 8, comprehensive product composition and function, each building block of normalized and functionrAnd density of infection
CrAs a result, being shown in Table 2 the 7th~8 row.
Step 9, the Reliability Distribution weights omega for calculating each building block of product and functionrAs a result, being shown in Table 2 the 9th row.
Step 10 establishes production reliability computation model using train.
Rs=R1·R2·R3·R4·R5·R6·R7·R8
Step 11, according to Reliability Calculation Model and Reliability Distribution weights omegarAs a result, calculate each building block and
The reliability R of functionr, it is shown in Table 2 the 10th row.
Step 12 is based on production reliability computation model, verifies production reliability index.
Rs=0.995
If the unlocking release function failure of latch mechanism can cause very serious consequence, it is therefore desirable to distribute higher
Reliability, the global reliability to ensure latch mechanism are horizontal.When using convectional reliability distribution method, due to having ignored work(
Can to the reliability effect of latch mechanism, although by design can ensure all components of latch mechanism be completely in it is higher can
It is horizontal by degree, it can not but avoid the unlocking often occurred/locking clamping stagnation problem from being very easy to draw with the growth of active time
Send out the functional fault that can not be unlocked.This distribution method proposes reliability requirement by the corresponding function to latch mechanism, makes designer
Member considers functional reliability problem in the development process of lock, to which the global reliability for improving latch mechanism is horizontal.
1 reliability based distribution influence factor table of table
2 reliability based distribution weight calculation table of table
Above-described embodiment is merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
This, any one skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, the variation that can readily occur in or replaces
It changes, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the protection of claim
Subject to range.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of mechanism reliability distribution method considering product form and function, which is characterized in that the method includes
Following steps：
The target reliability for the product that step 1, the pending reliability index of setting are distributedDetermine the structure composition and work(of product
It can require, the quantity and function quantity of building block are determined according to composition and functional requirement；
The failure severity S of step 2, the failure mode for determining each building block and each failure modeij, failure generation degree Oij；
Step 3, the component severity s for calculating each building blocki, component generation degree oi；
Step 4, the working environment E for determining each building blocki, processing and manufacturing technical merit Mi；
Step 5, the load relative distribution L for calculating each building blocksRi, complexity IiAnd density of infection Ci；
Step 6, the failure severity S for determining each function of productk, failure generation degree Ok；
Step 7, the complexity I for calculating each function of productkAnd density of infection Ck；
The complexity I of step 8, comprehensive product composition and function, each building block of normalized and functionrAnd density of infection Cr；
Step 9, the Reliability Distribution weights omega for calculating each building block of product and functionr；
Step 10 establishes production reliability computation model；
Step 11, according to Reliability Calculation Model and Reliability Distribution weights omegar, calculate the reliable of each composition components and functionality
Spend Rr；
Step 12 is based on production reliability computation model, verifies production reliability index.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 1, the pending reliability index point of setting
The target reliability for the product matchedMethod include following two：One is using user propose reliability index requirements,
Another is the existing reliability level and tomorrow requirement according to like product, proposes the reliability level target of product.
3. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 2, the failure severity SijOccur with failure
Spend OijValue range be [1,10], value is bigger to represent that failure consequence is more serious or the possibility that occurs is bigger.
4. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 3, the component severity of each building block
siCalculation formula is as follows：
Wherein：Exp () is exponential function,For the maximum failure severity of product form component i,Calculation formula it is as follows：
Wherein：N is the failure mode quantity that product form component i includes；
The component generation degree o of each building blockiCalculation formula is as follows：
5. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 4, the working environment EiRepresent son
Residing bad environments degree, value range E when system operationi∈ (0.0,1.0], the more severe then E of local environmentiScore value is bigger；
The processing and manufacturing technical merit MiThe advance that represent the technology that product processing and manufacturing uses is horizontal, value range Mi∈
(0.0,1.0], the more advanced then M of processing and manufacturing technologyiScore value is smaller.
6. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 5, the load relative distribution LsRiIt calculates
Formula is as follows：
The complexity IiCalculation formula is as follows：
Wherein：niThe component units quantity for including for building block i；
The density of infection CiCalculation formula is as follows：
7. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 6, the failure severity SkWith the failure
Generation degree OkValue range be [1,10], value is bigger to represent that failure consequence is more serious or the possibility that occurs is bigger.
8. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 7, the complexity for calculating each function of product
IkCalculation formula it is as follows：
Ik=nk
Wherein：nkInclude influence factor quantity for function k；
The density of infection C for calculating each function of productkCalculation formula it is as follows：
9. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 8, each building block of the normalized and
The complexity I of functionrAnd density of infection CrFormula is as follows：
Wherein：N is the quantity for the building block that product includes, and m is the quantity for the function that product includes.
10. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 9, each building block of the calculating product and
The Reliability Distribution weights omega of functionrFormula is as follows：
11. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 10, the production reliability of establishing calculates mould
Type method is as follows：
For train, formula of reliability is as follows：
For parallel system, formula of reliability is as follows：
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