CN108333620B - Detection device and positioning method of medium-low energy ray source - Google Patents
Detection device and positioning method of medium-low energy ray source Download PDFInfo
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- CN108333620B CN108333620B CN201810162475.9A CN201810162475A CN108333620B CN 108333620 B CN108333620 B CN 108333620B CN 201810162475 A CN201810162475 A CN 201810162475A CN 108333620 B CN108333620 B CN 108333620B
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910004613 CdTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004611 CdZnTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QWUZMTJBRUASOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium tellanylidenezinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Cd].[Te] QWUZMTJBRUASOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005025 nuclear technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/167—Measuring radioactive content of objects, e.g. contamination
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T7/00—Details of radiation-measuring instruments
Abstract
The invention provides a detection device and a positioning method of a medium-low energy ray source, which at least comprise a first detector, a second detector and a third detector, wherein the first detector, the second detector and the third detector are identical in structure and are distributed at intervals, and medium-low energy rays incident from different directions can be always shielded by at least one detector and detected by at least one detector. The detection device can realize the omnibearing orientation of the ray source without using a coding plate, and compared with the existing detector, the detection device not only improves the detection efficiency, but also improves the orientation precision of the ray source; meanwhile, the detection device comprises a plurality of detectors which are arranged at intervals, so that the medium-low energy rays which are incident from different directions can be always blocked by at least one detector, and are detected by at least one detector, the processing time in the positioning process is greatly shortened, the detection efficiency of the detection device is improved, and the sensitivity of the detection device is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nuclear radiation detection and nuclear technology application, in particular to a detection device and a positioning method of a medium-low energy ray source.
Background
The radionuclide searching and detecting and identifying technology is widely applied to the fields of environmental monitoring, nuclear power station operation whole-flow supervision, monitoring of other nuclear facilities, nuclear accident emergency test, security and protection of radionuclide smuggling or dirty bomb attack in nuclear anti-terrorist and the like. Among them, cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe, CZT) semiconductor detectors have become substitute products of NaI, csI and high purity germanium (Ge) as room temperature gamma and X-ray detectors formally market, and are widely used in various fields.
The single CZT material can realize the three-dimensional position sensitivity function of the reaction position of rays in the detector, obtains the incidence direction of the radionuclide rays entering the CZT by utilizing the Compton scattering principle of photon and substance reaction through a special electrode design and readout electronics system and algorithm, and is applied to a CZT radiation imaging system, such as a Compton camera. Thus, the three-dimensional position sensitive CZT detector can simultaneously realize radionuclide energy measurement, nuclide type identification, dosage and determination of the existence orientation of a radionuclide source in the environment.
However, the atomic number of a CZT detector determines its reaction mechanism with gamma and X-rays, and relatively high energy rays have an increasingly pronounced compton scattering reaction, which is applicable to CZT imaging devices. However, for relatively low energy photons, the reaction mechanism is mainly photoelectric absorption, the photons are absorbed at the surface layer of the CZT detector, cannot penetrate the detection medium, and no scattered photons can be used to locate the incident direction of the radiation. To obtain such position information, it is common practice to add a coded plate to the CZT detector to assist in determining the direction of incidence of the radiation; a further layer of low atomic number detector material, such as Si detector, may be added over CZT to provide information about the scattering location of the low and medium energy rays. However, the disadvantage of adding the code plate is that 30% to 50% of the surface area of the code plate is blocked to obtain satisfactory code requirements, and the detection efficiency of the system is reduced; meanwhile, the coding plate is generally only placed on one side of the detector, typically, the coding plate is placed at the place where the rays are incident above the cathode, so that only the side can accurately orient the direction of the medium-low energy ray source incident on the side by using the coding plate, and the other five sides cannot meet the orientation of the medium-low energy ray source, which greatly limits the effective field of view of the detection device.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention is directed to a detection device and a positioning method for a medium-low energy ray source, which are used for solving the problems that in the prior art, a detector uses a coding plate, and only the direction of the medium-low energy ray on one side can be precisely oriented, the detection efficiency is reduced, the medium-low energy ray source cannot be oriented in all directions, and the effective field of view is limited.
To achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention provides a detection device, which at least includes a first detector, a second detector, and a third detector, wherein the first detector, the second detector, and the third detector have the same structure and are arranged at intervals, and the medium-low energy rays incident from different directions can be always blocked by at least one detector, and at the same time are detected by at least one detector.
Preferably, the first detector, the second detector and the third detector are arranged in a delta shape.
Preferably, adjacent surfaces of the first detector, the second detector and the third detector are spliced end to end in sequence.
Preferably, the second detector and the third detector are respectively located at two adjacent sides of the first detector, and the size of the second detector along the arrangement direction of the first detector and the third detector is larger than the distance between the first detector and the third detector.
Preferably, the first detector has a dimension along the arrangement direction of the second detector and the third detector that is greater than the distance between the second detector and the third detector.
Preferably, the detecting device further comprises a fourth detector, the fourth detector has the same structure as the first detector, the second detector and the third detector, and the fourth detector is located at one side of the third detector far away from the second detector and has a distance from the third detector.
Preferably, the fourth detector is disposed corresponding to the second detector.
Preferably, the detecting device further comprises a fourth detector, the fourth detector has the same structure as the first detector, the second detector and the third detector, and the first detector, the second detector, the third detector and the fourth detector are arranged in an array of two rows and two columns.
Preferably, the detecting device further comprises a fourth detector, the fourth detector has the same structure as the first detector, the second detector and the third detector, and adjacent surfaces of the first detector, the second detector, the third detector and the fourth detector are spliced end to end in sequence.
Preferably, the first detector, the second detector and the third detector are all three-dimensional position sensitive surface array pixel detectors.
The invention also provides a positioning method of the medium-low energy ray source, which comprises the following steps:
1) Providing a detection device as described in any one of the above aspects;
2) Acquiring a reaction position of a single point instance of a ray emitted by a ray source in a detection medium of a detector;
3) Acquiring the maximum depth of the rays which can be injected into the detection medium;
4) Taking the reaction position of the single point instance as a circle center, and taking the maximum depth of the rays which can be injected into the detection medium as a radius to obtain a spherical region corresponding to the rays, wherein the spherical region has an intersecting line with the surface of the detection medium;
5) Making straight lines extending to the outer side of the detection medium one by one from the circle center to each point on the intersection line of the spherical area and the surface of the detection medium so as to obtain a cone angle taking the circle center as a vertex, wherein the area range of the cone angle extending to the outer side of the detection medium is an incidence angle area range corresponding to the rays;
6) Repeating the steps 2) to 5) for a plurality of times until the incidence angle area range of all rays detected by the detector is obtained;
7) And overlapping the incidence angle area ranges of all rays, wherein the direction with the most dense overlapping is the direction of the ray source.
Preferably, in step 2), the reaction position of the single point case is determined according to the position of the pixel anode in the area array pixel detector, and the time and amplitude of the electric signal generated by the ray in the detection medium reaching the pixel anode and the cathode.
Preferably, in step 3), the maximum depth to which the radiation can be incident on the detection medium is obtainedThe formula is: i=i 0 e (-μL) Wherein i is the number of rays tested by the detection medium, i 0 And for the number of rays irradiated to the surface of the detection medium by the ray source, mu is the attenuation coefficient of the rays, and L is the depth to which the rays can be irradiated into the detection medium.
As described above, the detection device and the positioning method of the medium-low energy ray source have the following beneficial effects: the detection device can realize the omnibearing orientation of the ray source without using a coding plate, and compared with the existing detector, the detection device not only improves the detection efficiency, but also improves the orientation precision of the ray source; meanwhile, the detection device comprises a plurality of detectors which are arranged at intervals, so that the medium-low energy rays which are incident from different directions can be always blocked by at least one detector, and are detected by at least one detector, the processing time in the positioning process is greatly shortened, the detection efficiency of the detection device is improved, and the sensitivity of the detection device is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 to 7 are schematic structural views of a detection device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a flowchart of a method for positioning a medium-low energy radiation source according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Description of element reference numerals
1. First detector
11. Detection medium
12. Pixel array anode
121. Pixel anode
13. Cathode electrode
2. Second detector
3. Third detector
4. Fourth detector
5. Reaction sites for single point cases
Maximum depth to which L0 rays can be incident on the detection medium
d1 The dimension of the second detector along the arrangement direction of the first detector and the third detector
d2 Spacing between first detector and third detector
d3 The dimension of the first detector along the arrangement direction of the second detector and the third detector
d4 Distance between person detector and third detector
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Please refer to fig. 1-8. It should be noted that, the illustrations provided in the present embodiment are merely schematic illustrations of the basic concepts of the present invention, and only the components related to the present invention are shown in the illustrations, rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the form, number and proportion of each component in actual implementation may be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may be more complex.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the present embodiment provides a detection apparatus, which at least includes a first detector 1, a second detector 2 and a third detector 3, wherein the first detector 1, the second detector 2 and the third detector 3 have the same structure and are arranged at intervals, and the medium-low energy rays incident from different directions are always blocked by at least one detector, and are detected by at least one detector. In particular, in the detection device, the projection of any one detector along at least one direction is simultaneously located on at least two other detectors, so that at least one direction is always partially or completely blocked by another detector or detectors.
In an example, as shown in fig. 1, the first detector 1, the second detector 2, and the third detector 3 are arranged in a delta shape. The spacing between the first detector 1, the second detector 2, and the third detector 3 may be set according to actual needs, which is not limited in this case. However, as shown in fig. 1, it is necessary to ensure that the second detector 2 and the third detector 3 are arranged linearly, the first detector 1 is located on the same side of the second detector 2 and the third detector 3, and the projection of the first detector 1 on the plane of the second detector 2 and the third detector 3 is located on the second detector 2 and the third detector 3 at the same time.
As an example, as shown in fig. 2, each of the first detector 1, the second detector 2, and the third detector 3 includes a detection medium 11, a pixel array anode 12, and a cathode 13, where the pixel array anode 12 and the cathode 13 are respectively located on two opposite surfaces of the detection medium 11, and the pixel array anode 12 includes a plurality of pixel anodes 121 arranged in an array.
By way of example, the detection medium includes CdTe detection medium, cdZnTe detection medium, ge detection medium, gaAs detection medium, hgI 2 Detection medium or TiBr detection medium.
In another example, as shown in fig. 3, adjacent surfaces of the first detector 1, the second detector 2 and the third detector 3 are spliced end to end in sequence, and adjacent surfaces of the first detector 1, the second detector 2 and the third detector 3 are oppositely arranged, and a triangular columnar gap is formed inside the surfaces. Of course, in other examples, the edges of the adjacent surfaces of the first detector 1, the second detector 2, and the third detector 3 may have a predetermined pitch without touching.
In yet another example, as shown in fig. 4, the second detector 2 and the third detector 3 are respectively located at two sides adjacent to the first detector 2, and a dimension d1 of the second detector 2 along the arrangement direction of the first detector 1 and the third detector 3 is larger than a distance d2 between the first detector 1 and the third detector 3. In this way, it is ensured that the projection parts of the second detector 2 in the planes of the first detector 1 and the third detector 3 are located on the first detector 1 and the third detector 3, and the projection parts of the first detector 1 and the third detector 3 in the planes of the second detector 2 are located on the second detector 2, so that partial shielding from different directions is realized among the three.
As an example, a dimension d3 of the first detector 1 along the arrangement direction of the second detector 2 and the third detector 3 is larger than a distance d4 between the second detector 2 and the third detector 3. This may further enable the projection of the first detector 1 on the plane of the third detector 3 to be located on the third detector 3, and at the same time enable the projection of the third detector 3 on the plane of the first detector 1 to be located on the first detector 1.
In yet another example, as shown in fig. 5, the detecting device further includes a fourth detector 4, where the fourth detector 4 has the same structure as the first detector 1, the second detector 2, and the third detector 3, and the fourth detector 4 is located on a side of the third detector 3 away from the second detector and has a distance from the third detector 3. Preferably, the fourth detector 4 is disposed corresponding to the second detector 2, and of course, in other examples, the positions of the fourth detector 4 and the second detector 2 are not limited, and the fourth detector 4 may be disposed arbitrarily.
In yet another example, as shown in fig. 6, the detecting device further includes a fourth detector 4, where the fourth detector 4 has the same structure as the first detector 1, the second detector 2, and the third detector 3, and the first detector 1, the second detector 2, the third detector 3, and the fourth detector 4 are arranged in an array of two rows and two columns. The intervals among the first detector 1, the second detector 2, the third detector 3 and the fourth detector 4 may be set according to actual needs, which are not limited herein.
In yet another example, as shown in fig. 7, the detecting device further includes a fourth detector 4, where the fourth detector 4 has the same structure as the first detector 1, the second detector 2, and the third detector 3, and adjacent surfaces of the first detector 1, the second detector 2, the third detector 3, and the fourth detector 4 are spliced end to end in sequence. Of course, in other examples, the edges of the surfaces adjacent to the first detector 1, the second detector 2, the third detector 3, and the fourth detector 4 may have a predetermined pitch without touching.
As an example, the first detector 1, the second detector 2, the third detector 3 and the fourth detector 4 may be, but are not limited to, three-dimensional position-sensitive surface array pixel detectors.
It should be noted that, fig. 1 to fig. 7 only illustrate several examples, in practical examples, the number of the detectors included in the detecting device is not limited to three or four, the number of the detectors may be five, six or even more, and the arrangement manner of a plurality of the detectors may be set according to actual needs, so long as it is ensured that the medium-low energy rays incident from different directions are always blocked by at least one detector and are detected by at least one detector.
The detection device can realize the omnibearing orientation of the ray source without using a coding plate, and compared with the existing detector, the detection device not only improves the detection efficiency, but also improves the orientation precision of the ray source; meanwhile, the detection device comprises a plurality of detectors which are arranged at intervals, so that the medium-low energy rays which are incident from different directions can be always blocked by at least one detector, and are detected by at least one detector, the processing time in the positioning process is greatly shortened, the detection efficiency of the detection device is improved, and the sensitivity of the detection device is improved.
Example two
Referring to fig. 8 in conjunction with fig. 1 to 7, the present embodiment further provides a method for positioning a medium-low energy radiation source, where the method for positioning a medium-low energy radiation source includes the following steps:
1) Providing a detection device as described in embodiment one;
2) Acquiring a reaction position of a single point instance of a ray emitted by a ray source in a detection medium of a detector;
3) Acquiring the maximum depth of the rays which can be injected into the detection medium;
4) Taking the reaction position of the single point instance as a circle center, and taking the maximum depth of the rays which can be injected into the detection medium as a radius to obtain a spherical region corresponding to the rays, wherein the spherical region has an intersecting line with the surface of the detection medium;
5) Making straight lines extending to the outer side of the detection medium one by one from the circle center to each point on the intersection line of the spherical area and the surface of the detection medium so as to obtain a cone angle taking the circle center as a vertex, wherein the area range of the cone angle extending to the outer side of the detection medium is an incidence angle area range corresponding to the rays;
6) Repeating the steps 2) to 5) for a plurality of times until the incidence angle area range of all rays detected by the detector is obtained;
7) And overlapping the incidence angle area ranges of all rays, wherein the direction with the most dense overlapping is the direction of the ray source.
As an example, the specific structure of the detecting device is described in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, which will not be described here.
As an example, in step 2), it should be noted that, since there are countless rays emitted by the radiation source, one of the rays incident on the detection medium 11 corresponds to one of the single-point cases, and has a reaction position corresponding to the single-point case; the reaction sites of the single point instance may be located within the detection medium 11 in any detector.
As an example, in step 2), the reaction position of the single point instance is determined according to the position of the pixel anode in the area array pixel detector, the time and the amplitude of the electric signal generated by the ray in the detection medium reaching the pixel anode and the cathode.
As an example, in step 3), the formula for obtaining the maximum depth to which the radiation can be injected into the detection medium 111 is: i=i 0 e (-μL) Wherein i is the number of rays tested by the detection medium, i 0 And when the number of rays tested by the detection medium is the same as the number of rays irradiated by the ray source to the surface of the detection medium, L is the maximum depth L0 of the rays which can be irradiated to the detection medium 111, namely, when the number of rays which can be irradiated to the detection medium is zero, L is the maximum depth L0 of the rays which can be irradiated to the detection medium 111.
If there are a plurality of radiation sources in the environment, step 6) is performed until the range of incidence angle areas of all the radiation detected by the detector is obtained.
In summary, the detection device and the method for positioning a medium-low energy ray source according to the present invention at least include a first detector, a second detector, and a third detector, where the first detector, the second detector, and the third detector have the same structure and are arranged at intervals, and the medium-low energy rays incident from different directions are always blocked by at least one detector and detected by at least one detector. The detection device can realize the omnibearing orientation of the ray source without using a coding plate, and compared with the existing detector, the detection device not only improves the detection efficiency, but also improves the orientation precision of the ray source; meanwhile, the detection device comprises a plurality of detectors which are arranged at intervals, so that the medium-low energy rays which are incident from different directions can be always blocked by at least one detector, and are detected by at least one detector, the processing time in the positioning process is greatly shortened, the detection efficiency of the detection device is improved, and the sensitivity of the detection device is improved.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and its effectiveness, and are not intended to limit the invention. Modifications and variations may be made to the above-described embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications and variations of the invention be covered by the claims, which are within the ordinary skill of the art, be within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (12)
1. The method for positioning the medium-low energy ray source is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Providing a detection device, wherein the detection device at least comprises a first detector, a second detector and a third detector, the first detector, the second detector and the third detector are identical in structure and are arranged at intervals, and medium-low energy rays which are incident from different directions can be always blocked by at least one detector and are detected by at least one detector;
2) Acquiring a reaction position of a single point instance of a ray emitted by a ray source in a detection medium of a detector;
3) Acquiring the maximum depth of the rays which can be injected into the detection medium;
4) Taking the reaction position of the single point instance as a circle center, and taking the maximum depth of the rays which can be injected into the detection medium as a radius to obtain a spherical region corresponding to the rays, wherein the spherical region has an intersecting line with the surface of the detection medium;
5) Making straight lines extending to the outer side of the detection medium one by one from the circle center to each point on the intersection line of the spherical area and the surface of the detection medium so as to obtain a cone angle taking the circle center as a vertex, wherein the area range of the cone angle extending to the outer side of the detection medium is an incidence angle area range corresponding to the rays;
6) Repeating the steps 2) to 5) for a plurality of times until the incidence angle area range of all rays detected by the detector is obtained;
7) And overlapping the incidence angle area ranges of all rays, wherein the direction with the most dense overlapping is the direction of the ray source.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first detector, the second detector, and the third detector are arranged in a delta configuration.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein adjacent surfaces of the first detector, the second detector, and the third detector are spliced end to end in sequence.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second detector and the third detector are respectively located at two sides adjacent to the first detector, and the second detector has a dimension along the arrangement direction of the first detector and the third detector greater than a distance between the first detector and the third detector.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first detector has a dimension along the arrangement direction of the second detector and the third detector that is greater than a spacing between the second detector and the third detector.
6. The method of claim 4 or 5, wherein the detecting device further comprises a fourth detector, the fourth detector is identical to the first detector, the second detector and the third detector, and the fourth detector is located on a side of the third detector away from the second detector and has a distance from the third detector.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the fourth detector is disposed in correspondence with the second detector.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the detecting device further comprises a fourth detector, the fourth detector has the same structure as the first detector, the second detector and the third detector, and the first detector, the second detector, the third detector and the fourth detector are arranged in an array of two rows and two columns.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the detecting device further comprises a fourth detector, the fourth detector has the same structure as the first detector, the second detector and the third detector, and adjacent surfaces of the first detector, the second detector, the third detector and the fourth detector are spliced end to end in sequence.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first detector, the second detector, and the third detector are three-dimensional position-sensitive area array pixel detectors.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 2), the reaction position of the single point case is determined according to the position of the pixel anode of the ray detected in the area array pixel detector, and the time and amplitude of the electric signal generated by the ray in the detection medium reaching the pixel anode and the cathode.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 3), the formula for obtaining the maximum depth of the radiation that can be injected into the detection medium is: i=i 0 e (-μL) Wherein i is the number of rays tested by the detection medium, i 0 And for the number of rays irradiated to the surface of the detection medium by the ray source, mu is the attenuation coefficient of the rays, and L is the depth to which the rays can be irradiated into the detection medium.
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