CN108331042A - A kind of experimental rig and test method of the influence of simulation Blasting Excavation side slope - Google Patents
A kind of experimental rig and test method of the influence of simulation Blasting Excavation side slope Download PDFInfo
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- CN108331042A CN108331042A CN201810177417.3A CN201810177417A CN108331042A CN 108331042 A CN108331042 A CN 108331042A CN 201810177417 A CN201810177417 A CN 201810177417A CN 108331042 A CN108331042 A CN 108331042A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2600/00—Miscellaneous
- E02D2600/10—Miscellaneous comprising sensor means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/23—Dune restoration or creation; Cliff stabilisation
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of experimental rig and test method of the influence of simulation Blasting Excavation side slope, the experimental rig includes simulation side slope model, simulate side slope model has the sub- slope of multiple steps in the height direction, it is laid with multiple blastholes on the step surface on the sub- slope of step of the bottommost of simulation side slope model, it is filled with the blasting charge in each blasthole, each blasting charge is connect by digital electric detonator with priming device；Prestressing force load testing machine and measuring equipment are there also is provided for simulation side slope model.Through the invention, the evolution properties and rule of the damage of rock side slope space-time and Displacement-deformation can effectively be monitored, testing data is provided for the damage of research rock side slope space-time and Displacement-deformation evolution mechanism, dynamic buckling mechanism and its catastrophe method for early warning, scientific basis is provided for safe, the smooth implementation of specific rock matter high gradient slope Blasting Excavation engineering.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to blasting technique fields, more particularly, to a kind of experiment that simulation Blasting Excavation side slope influences
Device and test method.
Background technology
With the development and prosperity of the development of the national economy, all kinds of geotechnical engineerings are increased, thus derive a large amount of artificial
High gradient slope, Blasting Excavation effect become increasingly conspicuous to the influence problem of rock matter high gradient slope damage accumulation and its stability, manually
Safeguard that difficulty and the expense of stability of slope are increasing.
Stability of slope is the premise of outdoor safety production, in work progress, once side slope unstability comes down, will generation not
Appreciable consequence.The damage development and vibration Characteristics for reinforcing the lower rock side slope of explosive load effect, seek rock power
Failure mechanism of stability is of great significance to economic construction of China sustainable development, it has also become blasting engineering circle and rock mechanics circle
One of important subject urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Wherein, side slope damage and vibration characteristics experimental study are the important evidences of proof theory analysis result.At this stage, needle
Mainly there are two kinds of on-the-spot test and laboratory test with vibration characteristics experimental study to rock side slope damage, though the former need not be to work
Cheng Bianpo does various equivalent-simplification work, but there are length experimental period, big, of high cost, the influence actual productions of test intensity etc. to lack
Point；And the analysis of engineering problem and processing work can be transferred to indoor progress by the latter, pass through the side of layer during similar model test
Formula greatly reduces working strength, reduces experimental cost, however the side slope damage obtained so far and the relevant mould of vibration characteristics
Type experimental study achievement only considers single or little effect factor mostly, considers engineering slope geology environmental effect, several
The factors such as what size, physico mechanical characteristic and practical Excavation blasting parameter, system research recycle rock under Excavation blasting load action
The layer during similar model test method of matter side slope dynamic response mechanism is not yet established.Therefore, reinforce the relevant original of Stability of Slope In Rock
Invasive model test method research, fully considers the various variations of side slope layer during similar model test research, promotes experimental study
Achievement effectively instructs slope blasting excavation project to put into practice, and has great theory and practical meaning in engineering.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of a kind of simulation explosion for overcoming the above problem or solving the above problems at least partly and opens
Dig the experimental rig and test method that side slope influences.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of experimental rig that simulation Blasting Excavation side slope influences, the examination are provided
Experiment device includes simulation side slope model, and the simulation side slope model has the sub- slope of multiple steps in the height direction, in the mould
Multiple blastholes are laid on the step surface on the sub- slope of step of the bottommost of quasi- side slope model, are filled in each described blasthole fried
Pack, each described blasting charge are connect by digital electric detonator with priming device；
Prestressing force load testing machine and measuring equipment are there also is provided for the simulation side slope model, wherein described pre- to answer
Power load testing machine is used to apply prestressing force to the simulation side slope model, and the measuring equipment is used for the simulation side slope
Response variable when model carries out blasting experiment is measured.
Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also improve as follows.
Further, the quantity on the sub- slope of step of the simulation side slope model is 3-7, each sub- slope of step
Slope surface angle is 45 ° -70 °；And the multiple blasthole is in the step on the sub- slope of step of the bottommost of the simulation side slope model
It is in quincuncial arrangement on face.
Further, it is arranged with described pre- answer in the surrounding side on the sub- slope of step of the simulation side slope model bottommost
Power load testing machine, for each side on the sub- slope of the step, the prestressing force load testing machine includes a rubber
Glue gasket, a channel-section steel baffle, multiple jack gaskets and multiple jack identical with the jack gasket quantity, in institute
Each side for stating the sub- slope of step is equipped with rubber sheet gasket and channel-section steel baffle from inside to outside, each described jack passes through one
A corresponding jack gasket is set to the outside of the channel-section steel baffle, passes through the side that the jack is the sub- slope of the step
Apply prestressing force.
Further, serial horizontal line at equal intervals and at equal intervals is coated on the two sides of the simulation side slope model
The simulation side slope model is integrally divided into multiple space lattice rock mass by series of vertical line.
Further, the measuring equipment includes acceleration acquisition module, camera module and acoustic measurement module；
The acceleration acquisition module, for during simulating Blasting Excavation, acquiring the simulation side slope model
The acceleration of particle at the sub- slope slope foot of each step；
The camera module, for shoot simulation Blasting Excavation during it is described simulate side slope model different location shadow
Picture；
The acoustic measurement module is used to measure each described sky of the simulation side slope model after simulation Blasting Excavation
Between grid rock mass velocity of longitudinal wave.
Further, the acceleration acquisition module includes multiple acceleration transducers, in the simulation side slope model
Arrange that an acceleration transducer, the X-direction of each acceleration transducer are directed toward institute at the sub- slope slope foot of each step
The direction where the blasting charge is stated, each described acceleration transducer is connect by data collecting instrument with computer.
Further, the camera module is high-speed camera, is set up in one of described simulation side slope model
At the fixed range of side, the Series of Water of the side of side slope model is simulated described in the photography direction face of the high-speed camera
Horizontal line and series of vertical line, camera coverage cover the whole region of the side of the simulation side slope model, the high speed
The triggering circuit of photographic apparatus is connect by reduction voltage circuit with priming device and its video link passes through data line and calculating
Machine connects.
Further, the acoustic measurement module is acoustic wave transducer, and the acoustic wave transducer is collar plate shape energy converter,
Including a transmitting transducer and a reception energy converter, the transmitting transducer and the reception energy converter are laid in institute respectively
The two sides of the same space lattice rock mass on simulation side slope model are stated, the acoustic wave transducer passes through data line and sonic test
Instrument connects.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of test method that simulation Blasting Excavation side slope influences, packet are provided
It includes：
Typical Slope is chosen from Practical Project side slope prototype and deteriorates geologic body, and geology is deteriorated according to the Typical Slope
Body, the experimental rig influenced according to similarity principle constructing analog Blasting Excavation side slope；
For the entire experimental rig, it is divided into repeatedly simulation Blasting Excavation, for simulating Blasting Excavation each time, uses
Acceleration transducer measures the acceleration of particle at the sub- slope slope foot of each step of simulation side slope model, and is transferred to calculating
Machine；
By priming device trigger high-speed camera to simulation Blasting Excavation during simulation side slope model image into
Row shooting, and by the image transmission of shooting to computer；And it is simulated each time using the measurement of collar plate shape acoustic wave transducer
The longitudinal wave for simulating each space lattice rock mass of the simulation side slope model after Blasting Excavation before Blasting Excavation and each time is fast
Degree, and it is transferred to sonic test instrument.
Further, Typical Slope being chosen from live side slope and deteriorating geologic body, geology is deteriorated according to the Typical Slope
Body, the experimental rig influenced according to similarity principle constructing analog Blasting Excavation side slope specifically include：
According to live site condition and the orographic condition of exploration, by sectional elevation parallel to each other by Practical Project side slope
Prototype is divided into multiple subregions, wherein the Practical Project side slope prototype has the sub- slope of multiple steps on elevation direction；
It drills according to uniform intervals to subregion described in each, forms multiple drillings of each subregion；
Water is filled into all drillings of each subregion, selects column acoustic wave transducer respectively to the every of the same subregion
Two neighboring drilling carries out sonic test, obtains the sonic test value between each adjacent two drilling in each subregion, is formed
Multigroup sonic test value.
Multigroup sonic test value of each subregion is averaged, the sonic test average value of each subregion is obtained；
It chooses the subregion that sonic test average value is minimum in all subregions and carries out interior as Typical Slope deterioration geologic body
Layer during similar model test.
Further, further include：
The different spaces grid rock mass measured during Blasting Excavation is simulated each time according to the simulation side slope model
Velocity of longitudinal wave calculates the damage increment that the simulation side slope model simulates each space lattice rock mass after Blasting Excavation each time
ΔDi=1- (Ci/Ci-1)2；
Then explosion accumulated damage after each space lattice rock mass ith simulation Blasting Excavation of the simulation side slope model
DiRelationship with damage increment is：
Wherein, CiAnd Ci-1The same space of simulation side slope model (2) respectively after ith and (i-1) separate explosion
The velocity of longitudinal wave of grid rock mass, n are the total degree for simulating Blasting Excavation；
According to high-speed camera to the image of the simulation side slope model shooting during simulating Blasting Excavation each time, obtain
Recycle the Displacement-deformation Evolution of the different location rock mass of the simulation side slope model under blast action：
Wherein, SiWith Δ SiThe a certain specific location rock of simulation side slope model respectively after ith simulation Blasting Excavation
Body accumulates Displacement-deformation amount and Displacement-deformation increment；And
According to acceleration transducer to simulating the every of the simulation side slope model measured during Blasting Excavation each time
The acceleration of particle, obtains acceleration-time curve a (t) at the sub- slope slope foot of one step, by Acceleration time course song
Line a (t) carries out primary integral and Particle Vibration Velocity time-history curves at the sub- slope slope foot of side slope model steps at different levels can be obtained：
And then particle velocity peak value V can be readmax, Vibration propagation attenuation law of the research side slope model along elevation direction；It is logical
Linear regression analysis is crossed, explosion damage increment Δ D can be obtained respectivelynWith rock displacement deformation S, vibration velocity peak value Vmax, explosion
Non-linear correlation models between parameter (millisecond is delayed time Δ t and dynamite quantity per hole Q).
A kind of experimental rig that simulation Blasting Excavation side slope influences provided by the invention and test method, can effectively monitor
Rock side slope space-time damages and the evolution properties and rule of Displacement-deformation, realizes damage, deformation and the vibration of engineering rock side slope
State simulation, for the damage of research rock side slope space-time and Displacement-deformation evolution mechanism, dynamic buckling mechanism and its pre- police of catastrophe
Method provides testing data, and scientific basis is provided for safe, the smooth implementation of specific rock matter high gradient slope Blasting Excavation engineering.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is to simulate side slope model in the experimental rig that the simulation Blasting Excavation side slope of one embodiment of the invention influences
Side view；
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of the simulation side slope model in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the connection diagram for the acceleration transducer being laid on simulation side slope model；
Fig. 4 is the connection diagram for the high-speed camera for being set to simulation side slope model；
Fig. 5 is the connection diagram for the acoustic wave transducer for being set to simulation side slope model；
Fig. 6 is field engineering side slope illustraton of model；
Fig. 7 is the sonic test drilling schematic diagram of live side slope model.
In attached drawing, the label of each component is as follows：
1, the blasting charge, 2, simulation side slope model, 3, blasthole, 4, rubber sheet gasket, 5, channel-section steel baffle, 6, jack, 7, very heavy
Push up gasket, 8, acceleration transducer, 9, data collecting instrument, 10, high-speed camera, 11, reduction voltage circuit, 12, acoustic wave transducer,
13, sonic test instrument, 14, computer, 15, priming device, 16, drilling.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, the specific implementation mode of the present invention is described in further detail.Implement below
Example is not limited to the scope of the present invention for illustrating the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1, the experimental rig that the simulation Blasting Excavation side slope of one embodiment of the invention influences, the examination are provided
Experiment device includes simulation side slope model 2, and the simulation side slope model 2 has the sub- slope of multiple steps in the height direction, described
Multiple blastholes 3 are laid on the step surface on the sub- slope of step of the bottommost of simulation side slope model 2, are filled out in each described blasthole 3
Equipped with the blasting charge 1, each described blasting charge 1 is connect by digital electric detonator with priming device 15；For the simulation side
Slope model 2 there also is provided prestressing force load testing machine and measuring equipment, wherein the prestressing force load testing machine be used for
The simulation side slope model 2 applies prestressing force, and the measuring equipment, which is used to detonate to the priming device 15, simulates side slope model
When response variable measured.
So-called experimental rig refers to indoor simulation test device in the present embodiment, is the Practical Project side according to field
Slope prototype is used for development law of the engineering slope outside simulating chamber during Blasting Excavation according to similarity principle construction.
The experimental rig includes simulation side slope model 2, and simulation side slope model 2 is provided with multiple steps in the height direction
Sub- slope, since the Blasting Excavation in Practical Project carries out on side slope bottommost step, in simulation side slope model 2
Many blastholes 3 are laid on the step surface on the sub- slope of step of bottommost, by loading the blasting charge 1 in blasthole 3 to simulating side
Slope simulation carries out simulation explosion.Wherein, a blasting charge 1 is loaded in each blasthole 3, each blasting charge 1 passes through number
Electric detonator is connect with priming device 15, after priming device 15 starts, causes digital electric detonator and then ignition charge packet 1 is to mould
Quasi- side slope model 2 carries out explosion.
During carrying out simulation explosion to simulation side slope model 2, need to apply simulation side slope model 2 certain pre-
Stress applies pre- answer therefore, it is necessary to lay prestressing force load testing machine for simulation side slope model 2 for simulation side slope model 2
Power.In addition, the experimental rig of constructing analog Blasting Excavation side slope is to probe into the influence of Blasting Excavation side slope model, because
This, it is also necessary to it is provided with measuring equipment on simulation side slope model 2, response when explosion bulge test is carried out to simulation side slope model 2
Variable measures, to study the development law of side slope model during Blasting Excavation.
A kind of experimental rig that simulation Blasting Excavation side slope influences provided in this embodiment and test method, can effectively supervise
The evolution properties and rule for surveying the damage of rock side slope space-time and Displacement-deformation realize the damage of engineering rock side slope, deform and shake
Dynamic state simulation, for the damage of research rock side slope space-time and Displacement-deformation evolution mechanism, dynamic buckling mechanism and its catastrophe early warning
Method provides testing data, and scientific basis is provided for safe, the smooth implementation of specific rock matter high gradient slope Blasting Excavation engineering.
On the basis of the above embodiments, in one embodiment of the present of invention, the multiple blasthole 3 is in simulation side slope model
It is in quincuncial arrangement on the step surface on the sub- slope of step of 2 bottommost.
On the basis of the various embodiments described above, in an alternative embodiment of the invention, in the side slope model bottommost
The surrounding side on the sub- slope of step is arranged with the prestressing force load testing machine, for each side on the sub- slope of the step
Face, the prestressing force load testing machine include 4, channel-section steel baffles of a rubber sheet gasket, 6 gasket of multiple jack and with institute
The identical multiple jack 6 of 6 gasket quantity of jack are stated, rubber is equipped with from inside to outside in each side on the sub- slope of the step
Glue gasket 4 and channel-section steel baffle, each described jack 6 are set to the channel steel by 6 gasket of corresponding jack and keep off
The outside of plate applies prestressing force by the side that the jack 6 is the sub- slope of the step.
It is above-mentioned it is stated that during simulating side slope 2 explosion of model, need to apply pre- answer to simulation side slope model 2
Power, wherein prestressing force is usually consequently exerted at the bottom surrounding of simulation side slope model 2, and therefore, the present embodiment is in simulation side slope model
The surrounding side arrangement prestressing force load testing machine on the sub- slope of step of 2 bottommost.Fig. 2 is can be found in, for simulating side slope mould
Each side on the sub- slope of step of the bottommost of type 2, is all disposed with a set of prestressing force load testing machine, every suit prestressing force
Load testing machine includes 4, channel-section steel baffles of a rubber sheet gasket, each side is equipped with rubber sheet gasket from inside to outside
4 and channel-section steel baffle, wherein the length phase of the side of the length of rubber sheet gasket 4 and channel-section steel baffle and place simulation side slope model 2
Closely, i.e. a rubber sheet gasket 4 and a channel-section steel baffle can be laid with completely entire side length, and simulate the one of side slope model 2
It is that it applies prestressing force that a side, which needs multiple jack 6, therefore, for a side, needs multiple jack 6 and corresponding
Multiple jack gaskets 7 lay corresponding jack 6, wherein jack in the outside of channel-section steel baffle by jack gasket 7
The quantity of gasket 7 is identical as the quantity of thousand jack 6.
On the basis of the various embodiments described above, in an alternative embodiment of the invention, in the two sides of the side slope model
On be coated with serial horizontal line and equidistant series of vertical line at equal intervals, the side slope model is integrally divided into multiple spaces
Grid rock mass.
In order to study the development law that Blasting Excavation simulates each position of side slope model 2 in the process, reference can be made to Fig. 1,
Serial horizontal line and series of vertical line at equal intervals are coated on the two sides of simulation side slope model 2, will entirely simulate side slope module
It is divided into multiple space lattice rock mass close to same size.
On the basis of the various embodiments described above, in one embodiment of the present of invention, the measuring equipment includes that acceleration is adopted
Collect module, camera module and acoustic measurement module；The acceleration acquisition module, for during simulating Blasting Excavation, adopting
The acceleration of particle at the sub- slope slope foot of each step of collection simulation side slope model 2；The camera module, it is quick-fried for shooting simulation
Break the image of simulation side slope model 2 during digging；The acoustic measurement module, for the mould after measurement simulation Blasting Excavation
The velocity of longitudinal wave of each space lattice rock mass of quasi- side slope model 2.
Wherein, acceleration acquisition module includes multiple acceleration transducers 8, in each step of simulation side slope model 2
Arrange that an acceleration transducer 8, the X-direction of each acceleration transducer 8 are directed toward the side where the blasting charge 1 at sub- slope slope foot
To.Referring to Fig. 3, each acceleration transducer 8 is connect by data collecting instrument 9 with computer 14.Wherein, each accelerates
Degree sensor 8 is laid at the sub- slope slope foot of each step, for measuring matter at the sub- slope slope foot of each step in blasting process
The acceleration of point.
In one embodiment of the invention, camera module is high-speed camera 10, is set up in simulation side slope model 2
At the fixed range of one of side, the side of the photography direction face simulation side slope model 2 of high-speed camera 10 is
Row horizontal line and series of vertical line, the whole region of the side of the camera coverage covering simulation side slope model 2 of high-speed camera 10.
Referring to Fig. 4, the triggering circuit of high-speed camera 10 is connect with priming device 15 by reduction voltage circuit 11 and the high-speed photography
The video link of instrument 10 is connect by data line with computer 14.
Wherein, when priming device 15 detonates, priming device 15 triggers high-speed camera 10 to simulation by triggering circuit
The Displacement-deformation of side slope model 2 is photographed, the image video that side slope model 2 is simulated in blasting process is obtained, by and shoot
Image video is uploaded to computer 14 by data line.
In one embodiment of the present of invention, acoustic measurement module is acoustic wave transducer 12, and acoustic wave transducer 12 is collar plate shape
Energy converter, the acoustic wave transducer 12 include a transmitting transducer and a reception energy converter, and transmitting transducer and reception are changed
Energy device is laid in the two sides of the same space lattice rock mass on the simulation side slope model respectively, for measuring each space
The velocity of longitudinal wave of grid rock mass.Referring to Fig. 5, the acoustic wave transducer 12 is connect by data line with sonic test instrument 13.
Wherein, when being measured to the sound wave for simulating side slope model 2, acoustic wave transducer 12 uses collar plate shape sound wave transducing
Device, including a transmitting transducer and a reception energy converter.Before simulating 2 Blasting Excavation of side slope model, sound wave transducing is utilized
Device 12 measures the initial velocity of longitudinal wave of each space lattice rock mass, and after simulation side slope model 2 each time Blasting Excavation,
The velocity of longitudinal wave that each space lattice rock mass is measured using acoustic wave transducer before and after obtaining Blasting Excavation each time, simulates side
The velocity of longitudinal wave of each space lattice rock mass of slope model.
Based on the experimental rig that above-mentioned simulation Blasting Excavation side slope influences, the present invention also provides a kind of simulation explosions
The test method that side slope influences is excavated, is included the following steps：
Typical Slope is chosen from Practical Project side slope prototype and deteriorates geologic body, and geology is deteriorated according to the Typical Slope
Body, the experimental rig influenced according to similarity principle constructing analog Blasting Excavation side slope；
For the entire simulation test device, it is divided into repeatedly simulation Blasting Excavation, for simulating Blasting Excavation each time,
The acceleration of particle at the sub- slope slope foot of each step of simulation side slope model is measured using acceleration transducer 8, and is transferred to
Computer 14；
Shadow of the high-speed camera 10 to the simulation side slope model 2 during simulation Blasting Excavation is triggered by priming device 15
As being shot, and by the image transmission of shooting to computer 14；And it is measured using collar plate shape acoustic wave transducer each
Each space lattice rock mass of the simulation side slope model after Blasting Excavation is simulated before secondary simulation Blasting Excavation and each time
Velocity of longitudinal wave, and it is transferred to sonic test instrument.
It is above-mentioned it is stated that according to Practical Project side slope prototype, according to similarity principle constructing analog side slope model 2, by
Very big in Practical Project side slope prototype scale, the present embodiment chooses typical side slope deterioration ground from Practical Project side slope prototype
Plastid deteriorates geologic body, the experiment influenced according to similarity principle constructing analog Blasting Excavation side slope according to typical side slope
Device.
It should be noted that when carrying out the simulation of Blasting Excavation to entirely simulating side slope model 2, it is divided into multiple simulation
Blasting Excavation, each time simulate Blasting Excavation when, can simulation side slope model 2 part blasthole 3 in load the blasting charge 1 into
Row explosion.
In blasting process each time, the sub- slope of each step of simulation side slope model 2 is measured using acceleration transducer 8
The acceleration of particle at slope foot shoots the image video of simulation side slope model 2 using high-speed camera 10.And in mould each time
After quasi- Blasting Excavation, the velocity of longitudinal wave of each space lattice rock mass of simulation side slope model 2 is measured using acoustic wave transducer 12.
On the basis of the above embodiments, in one embodiment of the present of invention, it is bad that Typical Slope is chosen from live side slope
Change geologic body, geologic body is deteriorated according to the Typical Slope, is influenced according to similarity principle constructing analog Blasting Excavation side slope
The specific method of experimental rig be, referring to Fig. 6, for live side slope illustraton of model, according to live site condition and the landform of exploration
Practical Project side slope prototype is divided into more by condition by sectional elevation (dotted line is sectional elevation line in Fig. 7) parallel to each other
A subregion, wherein the Practical Project side slope prototype has the sub- slope of multiple steps, therefore, each subregion on elevation direction
Also there is the part on the sub- slope of multiple steps on elevation direction.Wherein, referring to Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, each subregion arrangement is regular
Many drillings 16 of arrangement, drill to subregion described in each according to uniform intervals, form the multiple of each subregion
Drilling 16, wherein it is 5 ° -7 ° that each drilling 16, which has downwards certain angle of inclination, angle of inclination, two neighboring drilling 16
Between spacing between 2m-3.5m, it is two neighboring drilling 16 between spacing in the measuring distance of acoustic wave transducer.When point
After Division and drilling 16 arrange, as unit of subregion, water is filled into all drillings 16 of each subregion, selects column
Shape acoustic wave transducer carries out sonic test to each adjacent two of same subregion drilling 16 respectively, obtains every in each subregion
Sonic test value between two neighboring drilling 16, forms multigroup sonic test value；To multigroup sonic test of each subregion
Value is averaged, and obtains the sonic test average value of each subregion；It is minimum to choose sonic test average value in all subregions
Subregion carries out indoor layer during similar model test as Typical Slope deterioration geologic body.
The present embodiment determines that Typical Slope deteriorates geologic body and is used as indoor layer during similar model test by live sound wave method of testing
Prototype greatly reduces the simulation context of scale model, reduces monitoring on the basis of effectively reaching test objective
Amount, reduces experimentation cost.
In the indoor Similarity Model experiment of construction, simulation side slope model 2 and Practical Project side slope prototype side slope are first determined
Between the likelihood ratio determine Practical Project according to similar first theoretical, second theoretical and Dynamic Similar Laws carry out parameter designing
Side slope prototype and the geometric similarity ratio of 2 geometric dimension of simulation side slope model are L, according to geometric similarity ratio, for simulation side slope mould
Type 2, the geometric dimension of blasthole 3 are designed by the 1/L of prototype size；The likelihood ratio C of acceleration of gravityg=1, the density likelihood ratio
Cρ=1, unit weight likelihood ratio Cγ=1, in the design of simulation 2 physical and mechanical parameter of side slope model, to meet simulation side slope model 2
The similar Design of Modulus of Elasticity of Rock Mass is principle：I.e. the elasticity modulus of analog material is the 1/L of prototype；Ensure explosive payload phase simultaneously
Like the similar of, dynamic similarity and STATIC RESPONSE, specific design principle is as follows：
Determine the likelihood ratio of simulation side slope model 2：Geometric similarity ratio CL=L；Unit weight likelihood ratio Cγ=1；Strain, Poisson
Than, the angle of friction likelihood ratioThe elasticity modulus likelihood ratio：CE=1.Determine the explosive payload likelihood ratio：The explosive payload likelihood ratio
CQ=L3.Determine power and the STATIC RESPONSE likelihood ratio：Stress similitude ratio Cσ=CγCL=L, displacement likelihood ratio Cs=CLCε=L, adds
Speed likelihood ratio Ca=1, time likelihood ratio Ct=Cs 0.5/Ca 0.5=L0.5, speed likelihood ratio Cv=CL/Ct=L0.5。
After each likelihood ratio is determined, it is rock analog material to select blanc fixe, fine sand, manganese carbonate, machine oil and water；
The physical and mechanical parameter and likelihood ratio computation model Material Physics mechanics parameter of the practical side slope core of joint, trial-production standard specimen are logical
It crosses sonic test experiment, uniaxial compression test, Brazilian diametral compression test etc. and determines similar material mixture.
Model is poured according to simulation 2 geometric dimension of side slope model, after the completion of side slope model 2 to be simulated conserves, on simulation side
Serial horizontal line and series of vertical line at equal intervals are coated in the two sides of slope model 2, entire simulation side slope model 2 are divided into more
A space lattice rock mass.After constructing simulation side slope model 2, for simulation 2 arrangement prestress loading device of side slope model and measurement
Device, and load the blasting charge 1 in the blasthole 3 of simulation side slope model 2 and carry out multiple Blasting simulation.
When specifically carrying out explosion to simulation side slope model 2, explosive charge, the quick-fried heart in adjustable blasthole 3 between, hole away from delaying
The parameters such as time change another parameter for example, two of which parameter can be fixed, and fully take into account practical Excavation blasting
The complicated variety of parameter, it is special further to disclose the space-time damage development of rock side slope and vibration decaying under explosive load effect
Property, research slope displacement deformation Evolution provides test basis and research method, is that Excavation of Rock Slope blasting parameter is excellent
Change and dynamic buckling forecast provides scientific basis.
It, can be in addition, the present embodiment can generate the slope ground body stress field under various different sizes and geological conditions
Realize the Excavation of Rock Slope Blasting Models experiment under the conditions of large and small bias condition lower bottom part step difference prestressing force.
On the basis of the above embodiments, in one embodiment of the present of invention, further include：According to the side slope models for several times
The velocity of longitudinal wave of the different spaces grid rock mass measured in blasting process, the damage for calculating each separate explosion of side slope model increase
Measure Δ Di=1- (Ci/Ci-1)2；
Each the space lattice rock mass ith for then simulating side slope model simulates explosion accumulated damage D after Blasting ExcavationiWith
The relationship of damage increment is：
Wherein, CiAnd Ci-1The velocity of longitudinal wave of side slope model respectively after ith and (i-1) separate explosion.
It can obtain through the above way after repeatedly simulating explosion, simulate each space lattice rock mass of side slope model
Explosion accumulated damage can be studied during simulating Blasting Excavation, and the Evolution of the discontinuous damage of side slope model is simulated.
According to high-speed camera 10 to during simulating Blasting Excavation each time simulation side slope model 2 shoot image,
Obtain the Displacement-deformation Evolution of the different location rock mass of the simulation side slope model 2 under cycle blast action：
Wherein, SiWith Δ SiThe a certain specific location rock of simulation side slope model respectively after ith simulation Blasting Excavation
Body accumulates Displacement-deformation amount and Displacement-deformation increment.
The present embodiment is also according to acceleration transducer 8 to simulating the simulation side slope mould measured during Blasting Excavation each time
The acceleration of particle, obtains the Acceleration time course of particle at the sub- slope slope foot of each step at the sub- slope slope foot of each step of type
Curve a (t).
Response variable of the side slope model 2 during simulating Blasting Excavation is simulated by measurement, carrys out analysis mode side slope mould
The explosion accumulated damage that type 2 is generated due to Blasting Excavation, and recycle the different location rock of blast action Imitating side slope model 2
The vibration velocity time-history curves of particle at the sub- slope slope foot of Displacement-deformation Evolution and step at different levels of body, to research engineering side slope
Stability provides strong data and supports.
Wherein, the sons at different levels of simulation side slope model 2 can be obtained by carrying out primary integral to acceleration-time curve a (t)
The vibration velocity time-history curves of particle at step slope foot：
It is thin by the way that vibration signal frequency domain can be obtained with wavelet packet analysis to vibration velocity time-history curves v (t) progress SST variations
Save distribution characteristics and attenuation law；By reading Particle Vibration Velocity peak value Vmax, and linear regression analysis is carried out, it can be obtained quick-fried
Propagation attenuation formula of the vibration velocity along slope surface is broken, to illustrate propagation of the blasting vibration along 2 elevation direction of simulation side slope model
Decaying behavior.
Rock blasting accumulated damage D at 2 same elevation of side slope model is simulated by draftingiWith Particle Vibration Velocity peak value
Relation curve can be obtained Rock Damage and vibration speed at 2 same elevation different depth of simulation side slope model using linear fit
Spend the functional relation between peak value.It can obtain 2 same elevation different spaces net of simulation side slope model respectively using same method
Rock blasting accumulated damage D at latticeiWith accumulation Displacement-deformation amount SiBetween functional relation, 2 same elevation of simulation side slope model it is different
Rock mass accumulation Displacement-deformation amount S at space latticeiFunctional relation between Peak Particle Velocity.
According to accumulated damage D in aforementioned obtained 2 progressive deterioration process of simulation side slope modeli, Particle Vibration Velocity peak value Vi
With accumulation Displacement-deformation amount SiEvolution and its between functional relation, joint accumulated damage shake with explosion number and particle
Dynamic non-linear correlation models between velocity peak values and blasting parameter, foundation《Technique Code for Building Slope Engineering》, research simulation side
The oscillatory load intensity of slope model 2 and number ability to bear, as the foundation for instructing side slope to simulate prototype blast working.
The present invention provides a kind of experimental rig that simulation Blasting Excavation side slope influences and test methods, can effectively monitor
Rock side slope space-time damages and the evolution properties and rule of Displacement-deformation, is based on the elastoplasticity theory of similarity, considers practical work
The factors such as different blasting parameters, Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass, mechanical characteristic and side slope geometric dimension in Cheng Bianpo, wherein blasting parameter
Including delay between dynamite quantity per hole, hole time and the quick-fried heart away from etc., realize damage, deformation and the vibrational state mould of engineering rock side slope
It is quasi-, it is provided for the damage of research rock side slope space-time and Displacement-deformation evolution mechanism, dynamic buckling mechanism and its catastrophe method for early warning
Testing data provides scientific basis for safe, the smooth implementation of specific rock matter high gradient slope Blasting Excavation engineering.
Finally, the present processes are only preferable embodiment, are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.It is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in the protection of the present invention
Within the scope of.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of experimental rig that simulation Blasting Excavation side slope influences, which is characterized in that the experimental rig includes simulation side
Slope model (2), the simulation side slope model (2) has the sub- slope of multiple steps in the height direction, in the simulation side slope model
(2) multiple blastholes (3) are laid on the step surface on the sub- slope of step of bottommost, are filled in each described blasthole (3) fried
Pack (1), each described blasting charge (1) are connect by digital electric detonator with priming device (15)；
Prestressing force load testing machine and measuring equipment are there also is provided for the simulation side slope model (2), wherein the prestressing force
Load testing machine is used to apply prestressing force to the simulation side slope model (2), and the measuring equipment is used for the simulation side
Response variable when slope model (2) carries out explosion bulge test is measured.
2. experimental rig as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the number on the sub- slope of step of the simulation side slope model (2)
Amount is 3-7, and the slope surface angle on each sub- slope of step is 45 ° -70 °；And the multiple blasthole (3) is in the mould
It is in quincuncial arrangement on the step surface on the sub- slope of step of the bottommost of quasi- side slope model (2).
3. experimental rig as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step of described simulation side slope model (2) bottommost
The surrounding side on sub- slope is arranged with the prestressing force load testing machine, for each side on the sub- slope of the step, institute
State prestressing force load testing machine include a rubber sheet gasket (4), a channel-section steel baffle (5), multiple jack gaskets (7) and with
The identical multiple jack (6) of jack gasket (7) quantity, spread from inside to outside in each side on the sub- slope of the step
Equipped with rubber sheet gasket (4) and channel-section steel baffle (5), each described jack (6) is set by a corresponding jack gasket (7)
It is placed in the outside of the channel-section steel baffle (5), prestressing force is applied by the side that the jack (6) is the sub- slope of the step.
4. experimental rig as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that applied on the two sides of the simulation side slope model (2)
There are serial horizontal line and equidistant series of vertical line at equal intervals, the simulation side slope model (2) is integrally divided into multiple
Space lattice rock mass.
5. experimental rig as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the measuring equipment includes acceleration acquisition module, takes the photograph
Shadow module and acoustic measurement module；
The acceleration acquisition module, for during simulating Blasting Excavation, acquiring the every of the simulation side slope model (2)
The acceleration of particle at the sub- slope slope foot of one step；
The camera module, for shoot simulation Blasting Excavation during it is described simulate side slope model (2) different location shadow
Picture；
The acoustic measurement module is used to measure each described sky of the simulation side slope model (2) after simulation Blasting Excavation
Between grid rock mass velocity of longitudinal wave.
6. experimental rig as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the acceleration acquisition module includes that multiple acceleration pass
Sensor (8) arranges an acceleration transducer (8), often at the sub- slope slope foot of each step of the simulation side slope model (2)
The X-direction of one acceleration transducer (8) is directed toward the direction where the blasting charge (1), each described acceleration passes
Sensor (8) is connect by data collecting instrument (9) with computer (14).
7. experimental rig as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the camera module is high-speed camera (10),
At the fixed range of one of the simulation side slope model (2) side, the photography side of the high-speed camera (10)
To described in face simulate side slope model (2) the side serial horizontal line and series of vertical line, camera coverage covering described in
The whole region of the side of side slope model (2) is simulated, the triggering circuit of the high-speed camera (10) passes through reduction voltage circuit
(11) it is connect with priming device (15) and its video link is connect by data line with computer (14).
8. experimental rig as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the acoustic measurement module is acoustic wave transducer (12),
The acoustic wave transducer (12) is collar plate shape energy converter comprising a transmitting transducer and a reception energy converter, the hair
Penetrate energy converter and two for receiving energy converter and being laid in the same space lattice rock mass on the simulation side slope model (2) respectively
Side, the acoustic wave transducer (12) are connect by data line with sonic test instrument (13).
9. a kind of test method that simulation Blasting Excavation side slope influences, which is characterized in that including：
Typical Slope is chosen from Practical Project side slope prototype and deteriorates geologic body, and geologic body is deteriorated according to the Typical Slope, is pressed
According to the similarity principle construction experimental rig that such as claim 1-8 any one of them simulation Blasting Excavation side slope influences；
For the entire experimental rig, it is divided into repeatedly simulation Blasting Excavation, for simulating Blasting Excavation each time, using acceleration
It spends sensor (8) and measures the acceleration of particle at the sub- slope slope foot of each step of simulation side slope model (2), and be transferred to calculating
Machine (14)；
High-speed camera (10) is triggered to the simulation side slope model (2) during simulation Blasting Excavation by priming device (15)
Image is shot, and gives the image transmission of shooting to computer (14)；And
It is measured using collar plate shape acoustic wave transducer (12) before simulating Blasting Excavation each time and after simulating Blasting Excavation each time
Simulation side slope model (2) each space lattice rock mass velocity of longitudinal wave, and be transferred to sonic test instrument (13).
10. test method as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that choose Typical Slope from live side slope and deteriorate geology
Body deteriorates geologic body, the experiment influenced according to similarity principle constructing analog Blasting Excavation side slope according to the Typical Slope
Device specifically includes：
According to live site condition and the orographic condition of exploration, by sectional elevation parallel to each other by Practical Project side slope prototype
It is divided into multiple subregions, wherein the Practical Project side slope prototype has the sub- slope of multiple steps on elevation direction；
It drills according to uniform intervals to subregion described in each, forms multiple drillings (16) of each subregion；
Water is filled into all drillings (16) of each subregion, selects column acoustic wave transducer (12) respectively to the same subregion
Two neighboring drilling (16) carry out sonic test, obtain the cement bond logging between the drilling of each adjacent two in each subregion (16)
Examination value forms multigroup sonic test value；
Multigroup sonic test value of each subregion is averaged, the sonic test average value of each subregion is obtained；
It is indoor similar as Typical Slope deterioration geologic body progress to choose the subregion that sonic test average value is minimum in all subregions
Model test.
11. simulation experiment method as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that further include：
Simulate the vertical of the different spaces grid rock mass measured during Blasting Excavation each time according to the simulation side slope model (2)
Wave velocity calculates the damage increasing that the simulation side slope model (2) simulates each space lattice rock mass after Blasting Excavation each time
Measure Δ Di=1- (Ci/Ci-1)2；
Then explosion accumulated damage D after each space lattice rock mass ith simulation Blasting Excavation of the simulation side slope model (2)i
Relationship with damage increment is：
Wherein, CiAnd Ci-1The same space lattice of simulation side slope model (2) respectively after ith and (i-1) separate explosion
The velocity of longitudinal wave of rock mass, n are the total degree for simulating Blasting Excavation；
According to high-speed camera (10) to during simulating Blasting Excavation each time simulation side slope model (2) shooting image,
Obtain the Displacement-deformation Evolution of the different location rock mass of the simulation side slope model (2) under cycle blast action：
Wherein, SiWith Δ SiThe a certain specific location rock of simulation side slope model (2) respectively after ith simulation Blasting Excavation
Body accumulates Displacement-deformation amount and Displacement-deformation increment；And
According to acceleration transducer (8) to simulating the simulation side slope model (2) measured during Blasting Excavation each time
The acceleration of particle, obtains acceleration-time curve a (t), by the Acceleration time course at the sub- slope slope foot of each step
Curve a (t) carries out primary integral and Particle Vibration Velocity time-history curves at the sub- slope slope foot of side slope model steps at different levels can be obtained：
And then particle velocity peak value V can be readmax, Vibration propagation attenuation law of the research side slope model (2) along elevation direction；It is logical
Linear regression analysis is crossed, explosion damage increment Δ D can be obtained respectivelynWith rock displacement deformation S, vibration velocity peak value Vmax, explosion
Non-linear correlation models between parameter (millisecond is delayed time Δ t and dynamite quantity per hole Q).
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