CN108330561A - A kind of skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre, preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN108330561A CN108330561A CN201810349541.3A CN201810349541A CN108330561A CN 108330561 A CN108330561 A CN 108330561A CN 201810349541 A CN201810349541 A CN 201810349541A CN 108330561 A CN108330561 A CN 108330561A
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/06—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyolefin as constituent
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/24—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a hollow structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/34—Core-skin structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
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- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/08—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyacrylonitrile as constituent
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/10—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one other macromolecular compound obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as constituent
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/12—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyamide as constituent
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/14—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/16—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one other macromolecular compound obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as constituent
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/18—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from other substances
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre, preparation method and applications.The preparation method includes：Aerogel particle is set to pass through core-sheath spinning method with polymer material, i.e. the polymer material of aerogel particle and molten condition is synchronized by guide-tube structure or narrow slit structure in spinneret bore end compound, it is synchronous to carry out wire drawing, cooling, skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre is formed, the skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre includes：Include the core of aerogel particle, and, the cortex of the core is coated, the cortex includes polymer material.The preparation method of the present invention has the advantages that production technology is simple, aerogel polymer is compound uniformly, aerogel structure preservation is complete, production equipment is ripe, obtained skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre have excellent heat-proof quality, heat insulation effect, sound insulation value, Adsorption Filtration Properties, thermal stability, it is dustless and economic and environment-friendly the features such as, the fields such as clothes, home textile, industrial heat preservation, adsorption filtration have huge applications potentiality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of aeroge composite fibre, more particularly to a kind of skin-core structure polymer-gas
Gel composite fibre and preparation method thereof and its application in synthesis heat preservation composite fibre, synthesis composite fiber product, belong to
In synthetic fibers preparing technical field.
Background technology
Aeroge is referred to as " blue smoke " or " solid-state cigarette ", is a kind of ultralight, porous novel nano-material, has Gao Bibiao
The excellent properties such as area, high porosity, low-density, superelevation heat-insulating property, ultralow dielectric and low refraction coefficient, heat-insulated
The fields such as heat preservation, energy conservation and environmental protection, petrochemical industry, drug release, aerospace have broad application prospects.Vehicles Collected from Market airsetting
Glue gradually walk out it is military, industry and commercial market it is increasingly ripe, products application form is also rich and varied, including aeroge
Grain, aerogel blanket, airsetting adhesive plaster, aerogel film, aeroge coating, airsetting glue fiber and aerogel plate etc..Wherein aeroge is fine
Dimension is that active product form is most applied in the numerous product form of aeroge, can be further processed into airsetting adhesive plaster, aeroge
Felt, airsetting tree lace, airsetting glue stick etc. have huge applications potential.Airsetting glue fiber technology of preparing is also the most immature simultaneously,
While how ensureing the flexibility and machinability of fiber itself, inherits the excellent specific property of aeroge and solve related secondary work
With becoming the Research Challenges of aeroge practitioner.
Current airsetting glue fiber remains in the scientific research stage, and there are mainly three types of technologies：
1) In-situ reaction is used to prepare aerogel blanket technique, by fiber impregnation in colloidal sol, then gel aging, by setting
It changes, be modified, the processes such as supercritical drying obtain aeroge composite fibre.But the method acquisition aeroge fibre property is poor and falls
Powder is serious, is unfavorable for further processing molding, while losing powder so that its performance and unstable.
2) organic aerogel preparation process is used, by organosol by processes wire drawings such as electrostatic spinnings, in certain condition
Lower gel forms aeroge fiber gel；Organic aerogel fiber is obtained by modification, drying process again.Such as Dandan SUN et al.
(Dandan SUN, Beijing preparation [D] of polyimide aerogels fiber and film：BJ University of Aeronautics ＆ Astronautics, 2013) use this work
Skill successfully prepares polyimide aerogels fiber, but this technique process is complicated and the aeroge fibrous mechanical property prepared
It still waits for further being promoted.
3) melt blending drawing process is used, by aerogel particle and polymer material melt blending at a certain temperature,
Using wire drawing textile technology, aeroge composite fibre is formed；Such as foreign patent Dempsey, Robert R..Synthetic
fiber containing aerogel and polymer materials,and methods of making and
articles comprising the same[p]:And Chinese patent WO2017087511,2017-05-26.
CN103388193A etc. is obtained aeroge and melt blending under polymer material certain temperature using melt blending drawing process
To composite master batch, remelted spinneret forms aeroge composite fibre.But this defective workmanship is also more prominent, as aerogel particle compared with
Gently, it is difficult to be uniformly mixed with polymer material；General polymerization object is suitable with aeroge polarity, and when polymer melting easily enters
In aeroge hole, aeroge is led to problems such as to fail.
Therefore, it in view of existing polymer-aeroge composite fiber product problem and preparation process, opens
A kind of efficient, simple and effective aeroge composite fibre preparation process of hair is more urgent.
Invention content
The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of skin-core structure aeroge composite fibres and preparation method thereof, to overcome
Deficiency in the prior art.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of aforementioned skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre.
For realization aforementioned invention purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention includes：
An embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of preparation methods of skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre comprising：
Using core-sheath spinning technology, make aerogel particle and the polymer material of molten condition in spinneret bore end into
Row is compound, synchronous to carry out wire drawing, cooling, forms skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre, the compound fibre of skin-core structure aeroge
Dimension includes：Include the core of aerogel particle, and, the cortex of the core is coated, the cortex includes polymer material.
Among some embodiments, the preparation method includes：Using core-sheath spinning technology, by the aeroge
Grain is expressed into the gap that the polymer material is formed, and forms skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre.
Further, the preparation method may include：Make the aerogel particle and the polymer material of molten condition point
Spinneret orifice is not squeezed by guide-tube structure, and carries out compound, formation skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre in spinneret bore end.
Further, the preparation method may also include：Make the aerogel particle and the polymer material of molten condition
It is carried out in narrow slit structure compound, squeezes into spinneret orifice later, form skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre.
Further, the polymer material include polyester, polyolefin, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE),
Any one in polysulfones, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, polyurethane, polyamide, polyvinylpyrrolidone and cellulose or two
Kind or more combination.
Further, the aerogel particle includes silica aerogel particles, titania aerogel particles, three oxygen
Change any one in two aluminium aerogel particles and functionalization composite aerogel particle or two or more combinations.
The embodiment of the present invention additionally provides a kind of skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre comprising：Including aerogel particle
Core, and, coat the cortex of the core, the cortex includes polymer material.
Among some embodiments, the skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre includes more than one doughnut knot
Structure, and the aerogel particle is filled in the gap of one above doughnut structure.
Further, the Cross Section Morphology of the doughnut structure includes the regular shapes such as circle, polygon and/or does not advise
Then shape.
Further, a diameter of 10nm~100 μm of the doughnut structure, wall thickness are 10nm~100 μm, dtex gram
This number is 0.5~1000dtex.
Further, the form of the skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre include monfil, fiber line, fiber cloth,
Any one in fibrofelt, fibrous paper and fiber stick or two or more combinations.
The embodiment of the present invention additionally provide aforementioned skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre in clothes, home textile, industrial heat preservation or
Application in adsorption filtration field.
Compared with prior art, advantages of the present invention includes：
1) aerogel particle and polymer material are combined into core-sheath compound fibre by the present invention so that complex fiber material
On the one hand there are the characteristic of polymer fiber, such as toughness, stitchability；Meanwhile composite fibre also inherits the characteristic of aeroge,
Such as excellent heat-insulated, sound insulation, absorption performance；
2) the skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre for preparing of the present invention compares existing composite fibre, have it is superior every
Hot property, heat insulation effect, sound insulation value, Adsorption Filtration Properties, thermal stability, it is dustless and economic and environment-friendly the features such as；
3) compared to other combination process (such as melt blending spinning process), technique provided by the invention has production technology
Simply, the advantages that aeroge-polymer is compound uniformly, aerogel structure preservation is complete, production equipment is ripe, avoids other works
Compound uneven problem that skill is gentlier brought by aeroge, polymer melting enter aeroge hole, and aerogel material is caused to fail
The problems such as；
4) skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre prepared by the present invention has preferable performance, can pass through braiding, needle
The processing such as thorn form the application products such as Compound Fabric, composite felt, have in fields such as clothes, home textile, industrial heat preservation, adsorption filtrations
Huge applications potentiality.
Description of the drawings
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments described in invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts,
Other drawings may also be obtained based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 a be in an of the invention typical embodiments aerogel particle with polymer material with conduit forms (single hole core-skin
Structure) compound method schematic diagram.
Fig. 1 b be in an of the invention typical embodiments aerogel particle with polymer material with conduit forms (porous core-skin
Structure) compound method schematic diagram.
Fig. 1 c be in an of the invention typical embodiments aerogel particle with polymer material with the compound side of form of slits
Method schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 a- Fig. 2 d are that the difference of skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre in a typical embodiments of the invention is hollow respectively
The cross section structure schematic diagram of fibre structure.
Fig. 3 a- Fig. 3 d are skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre (single hole core-skin in a typical embodiments of the invention respectively
Structure) cross section structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 a- Fig. 4 b are skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre (porous core-skin in a typical embodiments of the invention respectively
Structure) cross section structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 a- Fig. 5 b are that skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre is corrugated fiber in a typical embodiments of the invention respectively
With the structural schematic diagram of fibers straight.
Reference sign：1- aerogel particles, 2- polymer materials, 3- doughnut structures.
Specific implementation mode
Pay no attention in view of the heat insulation effect of existing insulation fibre and think of the production technology defect of existing insulation fibre, this case invention
People is able to propose technical scheme of the present invention through studying for a long period of time and largely putting into practice.It as follows will be to the technical solution, its implementation process
And principle etc. is further explained.
A kind of preparation method for skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre that the one side of the embodiment of the present invention provides, packet
It includes：
Using core-sheath spinning technology, make aerogel particle and the polymer material of molten condition in spinneret bore end into
Row is compound, synchronous to carry out wire drawing, cooling, forms skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre, the compound fibre of skin-core structure aeroge
Dimension includes：Include the core of aerogel particle, and, the cortex of the core is coated, the cortex includes polymer material.
Among some embodiments, the preparation method includes：Using core-sheath spinning technology, by the aeroge
Grain is expressed into the gap that the polymer material is formed, and forms skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre.
The present invention preparation process principle be：By core-sheath spinning method, using the mobility of aerogel powder, molten
Melt spinning process synchronization aerogel particle is expressed into polymer material fiber gap, forms the compound fibre of skin-core structure aeroge
Dimension, this technique aerogel powder not with polymeric material melt blending granulation process.
Specifically, there are two types of approach for the specific implementation form of preparation process of the present invention：1) conduit forms, aerogel particle are made
For core fiber layer, spinneret orifice is entered by " conduit ", with the polymer material (such as polyester, polyolefin) as fibrocortex into
Row is compound, forms skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre；2) form of slits, aerogel particle reach " slit " by round boss
When, it meets with polymer material, then by spinneret orifice, is woven into skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre.
Further, the preparation method may include：Make the aerogel particle and the polymer material of molten condition point
Spinneret orifice is not squeezed by guide-tube structure, and carries out compound, formation skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre in spinneret bore end.
Further, the guide-tube structure include one or more conduit, wherein the diameter of the conduit generally 8mm with
Under.
Further, for the hole count of the spinneret orifice at more than one, shape includes regular shape or irregular shape, example
Such as, it can be circle, polygon, trilobal cross etc., but not limited to this.
Further, the preparation method may also include：Make the aerogel particle and the polymer material of molten condition
It is carried out in narrow slit structure compound, squeezes into spinneret orifice later, form skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre.
Further, the speed of the wire drawing is less than 5000m/min, and specific drawing speed is related with design production capacity.
Further, the temperature of the polymer material is 160~270 DEG C, the temperature of the aerogel particle is -15~
350℃。
Further, the mass ratio of the aerogel particle and polymer material is 0.1~25：100.
Further, it (such as can be poly- (glycol terephthalate), poly- that the polymer material, which includes polyester,
(butanediol terephthalate), polycyclohexane terephthalate etc.), polyolefin (such as can be polypropylene,
Polyethylene etc.), polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polysulfones, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, polyurethane, polyamides
Any one in amine, polyvinylpyrrolidone and cellulose etc. or two or more combinations, but not limited to this.
Further, the aerogel particle can be silica aerogel particles, titania aerogel particles, three
Any one in Al 2 O aerogel particle and functionalization composite aerogel particle etc. or two or more combinations, but it is unlimited
In this.
Further, the average grain diameter of the aerogel particle is 10nm~20 μm.
The present invention preparation process in, as shown in Fig. 1 a- Fig. 1 c, respectively aerogel particle with polymer material to lead
Form of tubes (single hole doughnut structure) compound, aerogel particle and polymer material are with conduit forms (porous hollow fiber knot
Structure) compound, aerogel particle and polymer material be with the compound method schematic diagram of form of slits.
By taking conduit forms single hole doughnut structure as an example, the preparation work of skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre in the present invention
Skill specifically may include：
Two-component materials are respectively aerogel particle and polymer material, and polymer material is heated by equipment, at 160 DEG C
It is in molten condition at~270 DEG C, then (pressure in pressure reference equipment head) is squeezed under a certain pressure by screw metering pump
Spinneret orifice, while aerogel particle is conveyed by screw rod transmission or air-flow, under a certain pressure (pressure reference equipment head internal pressure
Power) spinneret pore entered by conduit, carried out in spinneret bore end and polymer material it is compound, then under certain speed wire drawing,
It is cooling, form skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre；Further, since in view of the temperature difference of aerogel particle and polymer material is asked
Topic may cause to generate in polymer material drawing process phenomena such as whitening, crack, aerogel particle temperature adjustable for -15 to
350℃。
Compared to other combination process (such as melt blending spinning process), technique provided by the invention has production technology letter
Single, the compound uniform, aerogel structure of aeroge-polymer preserves the advantages that complete, production equipment is ripe, avoids other techniques
The compound uneven problem gentlier brought by aeroge, polymer melting enter aeroge hole, lead to aerogel material failure etc.
Problem.
The other side of the embodiment of the present invention additionally provides a kind of skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre comprising：Packet
The core of aerogel-congtg particle 1, and, the cortex of the core is coated, the cortex includes polymer material 2.
Among some embodiments, the skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre includes more than one doughnut structure
3, and the aerogel particle 1 is filled in the gap of one above doughnut structure.Such as doughnut structure 3
Structure see shown in Fig. 2 a- Fig. 2 d.
Further speaking, the skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre can be that single hole doughnut or Porous hollow are fine
Dimension, fiber section hole pattern can be regular shapes or the irregular shapes such as round or polygon.
For example, the structure of single hole doughnut is seen shown in Fig. 3 a- Fig. 3 d, the structure of porous hollow fiber sees figure
Shown in 4a- Fig. 4 b.
Further, a diameter of 10nm~100 μm of the doughnut structure, wall thickness are 10nm~100 μm, dtex gram
This number is 0.5~1000dtex.
Further, the form of the skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre can be monfil, fiber line, fiber
Cloth, fibrofelt, fibrous paper and fiber stick etc., but not limited to this.
Further, the skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre includes corrugated fiber, fibers straight etc., please refer to Fig. 5 a and
Shown in Fig. 5 b.
Further, loading of the core-skin aerogel particle in the doughnut structure is 0.1~25wt%.
Further, it (such as can be poly- (glycol terephthalate), poly- that the polymer material, which includes polyester,
(butanediol terephthalate), polycyclohexane terephthalate etc.), polyolefin (such as can be polypropylene,
Polyethylene etc.), polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polysulfones, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, polyurethane, polyamides
Any one in amine, polyvinylpyrrolidone and cellulose etc. or two or more combinations, but not limited to this.
Further, the aerogel particle can be silica aerogel particles, titania aerogel particles, three
Any one in Al 2 O aerogel particle and functionalization composite aerogel particle etc. or two or more combinations, but it is unlimited
In this.
Further, the average grain diameter of the aerogel particle is 10nm~20 μm.
Further, the thermal coefficient of the skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre is 0.015~0.07W/m.k.
Aerogel particle and polymer material are combined into core-sheath compound fibre by the present invention so that complex fiber material one
Aspect has the characteristic of polymer fiber, such as toughness, stitchability；Meanwhile composite fibre also inherits the characteristic of aeroge, such as
The performances such as excellent heat-insulated, sound insulation, absorption, compare existing composite fibre, have superior heat-proof quality, heat insulation effect, every
Sound performance, Adsorption Filtration Properties, thermal stability, it is dustless and economic and environment-friendly the features such as.
The other side of the embodiment of the present invention additionally provides aforementioned skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre in clothes, family
It spins, the application in industrial heat preservation or adsorption filtration field.
Skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre prepared by the present invention has preferable performance, can be pierced by braiding, needle
Deng processing, the application products such as Compound Fabric, composite felt are formed, are had in fields such as clothes, home textile, industrial heat preservation, adsorption filtrations huge
Big application potential.
Below by way of several embodiments and the technical solution that present invention be described in more detail in conjunction with attached drawing.However, selected
Embodiment be merely to illustrate the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the invention.It is unless otherwise specified, used in embodiment
Device and method are the device and method of fields routine.
Embodiment 1
Using bicomponent meltblown nonwovens production line, it regard PP (polypropylene, Sinopec T03-H) as component A, skin
Layer, the melting extrusion at 190 DEG C；Silicon dioxide aerogel powder G200 (Suzhou is with profound new material Co., Ltd) is used as B simultaneously
Component, sandwich layer；Using concentric ring type spinneret orifice, aerogel powder is squeezed out with synchronous with PP at 100 DEG C of conduit forms, wherein PP
Extruded velocity be the holes 0.1g//min, the extruded velocity of aerogel powder is the holes 0.02g//min.The spinneret of melting passes through air-flow
It is cooled into PP aeroge composite fibres.
The structure of the obtained PP aeroges composite fibre of the present embodiment is in concentric ring type, and composite fibre is 40 μm a diameter of, fiber
Wall thickness is 10 μm, and the quality accounting of aerogel particle is about 15wt% in composite fibre, and the thermal coefficient of composite fibre is
0.02w/mk, while the tensile strength enhancing 20% of composite fibre.
Embodiment 2
Using bicomponent meltblown nonwovens production line, by PET (poly- (glycol terephthalate), Dupont
FR945 component A, cortex, the melting extrusion at 270 DEG C) are used as；Alundum (Al2O3) aerogel powder is as B component, core simultaneously
Layer；Using trilobal cross spinneret orifice, aerogel powder is squeezed out with synchronous with PET at 50 DEG C of conduit forms, the extrusion speed of wherein PET
Degree is the holes 0.1g//min, and the extruded velocity of aerogel powder is the holes 0.01g//min.The spinneret of melting is cooled by air-flow
PET aeroge composite fibres.
The structure of the obtained PET aeroges composite fibre of the present embodiment is in trilobal cross, and composite fibre is 30 μm a diameter of, fibre wall
Thickness is 8 μm, and the quality accounting of aerogel particle is about 10wt% in composite fibre, and the thermal coefficient of composite fibre is 0.03w/
m·k。
Embodiment 3
Using bicomponent meltblown nonwovens production line, PA (polyamide, Shanghai Hao Hua Chemical Co., Ltd.s 600) is made
For component A, cortex, the melting extrusion at 250 DEG C；Titania aerogel powder is as B component, sandwich layer simultaneously；Using porous
Spinneret orifice squeezes out aerogel powder with synchronous with PA at 20 DEG C of conduit forms, wherein the extruded velocity of PA be the holes 0.08g//
The extruded velocity of min, aerogel powder are the holes 0.02g//min.It is compound that the spinneret of melting by air-flow is cooled into PA aeroges
Fiber.
The structure of the obtained PA aeroges composite fibre of the present embodiment is in porous type, and composite fibre is 80 μm a diameter of, fibre wall
Thickness is 20 μm, and the quality accounting of aerogel particle is about 20wt% in composite fibre, and the thermal coefficient of composite fibre is 0.02w/
m·k。
Embodiment 4
Using bicomponent meltblown nonwovens production line, using polyacrylonitrile as component A, cortex melts at 160 DEG C
It squeezes out；Silicon dioxide aerogel powder G200 (Suzhou is with profound new material Co., Ltd) is used as B component, sandwich layer simultaneously；Using same
The round spinneret orifice of the heart squeezes out aerogel powder so that conduit forms are synchronous with PP at -15 DEG C, wherein the extrusion speed of polyacrylonitrile
Degree is the holes 0.1g//min, and the extruded velocity of aerogel powder is the holes 0.02g//min.The spinneret of melting is cooled by air-flow
Polyacrylonitrile aeroge composite fibre.
The structure of the obtained polyacrylonitrile aeroge composite fibre of the present embodiment is in concentric ring type, and composite fibre is a diameter of
10nm, fibre wall thickness 10nm, the quality accounting of aerogel particle is about 0.1wt%, the heat conduction of composite fibre in composite fibre
Coefficient is 0.015w/mk, while the tensile strength of composite fibre enhances 20%.
Embodiment 5
Using bicomponent meltblown nonwovens production line, using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as component A, cortex melts at 270 DEG C
Melt extrusion；Alundum (Al2O3) aerogel powder is as B component, sandwich layer simultaneously；Using trilobal cross spinneret orifice, by aerogel powder with
Conduit forms are synchronous with PET at 200 DEG C to be squeezed out, and wherein the extruded velocity of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is the holes 0.1g//min, airsetting rubber powder
The extruded velocity of body is the holes 0.01g//min.The spinneret of melting is cooled into the compound fibre of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) aeroge by air-flow
Dimension.
The structure of the obtained polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) aeroge composite fibre of the present embodiment is in trilobal cross, a diameter of 100 μ of composite fibre
M, fibre wall thickness is 100 μm, and the quality accounting of aerogel particle is about 25wt%, the thermal coefficient of composite fibre in composite fibre
For 0.07w/mk.
Embodiment 6
Using bicomponent meltblown nonwovens production line, using polysulfones as component A, cortex is melted at 250 DEG C and is squeezed
Go out；Titania aerogel powder is as B component, sandwich layer simultaneously；Using porous spinneret orifice, by aerogel powder with conduit forms
Synchronous with PA under room temperature to squeeze out, wherein the extruded velocity of polysulfones is the holes 0.08g//min, and the extruded velocity of aerogel powder is
The holes 0.02g//min.The spinneret of melting is cooled into polysulfones aeroge composite fibre by air-flow.
The structure of the obtained polysulfones aeroge composite fibre of the present embodiment is in porous type, and composite fibre is 80 μm a diameter of, fiber
Wall thickness is 50 μm, and the quality accounting of aerogel particle is about 10wt% in composite fibre, and the thermal coefficient of composite fibre is
0.05w/m·k。
Reference examples 1
Using screw extruder as equipment complex, by PP (polypropylene, Sinopec T03-H) and aerosil
(PP is 100 with aerogel particle mass ratio according to the ratio for particle G200 (Suzhou is with profound new material Co., Ltd) and other auxiliary agents：
17.5) batch mixing is carried out, is added in screw extruder, melt blending 30min, mixing speed 100r/min at 210 DEG C；Hair
Now since PP masterbatch is heavier, aerogel particle is lighter, and aerogel particle is suspended in always upper layer, more difficult mixing when blending；If
Determine screw pressure be 3.8Mpa, drawing speed 300m/min, it is naturally cold to go to obtain melt blending aeroge composite fibre.
The melt blending complex structure of filament that this reference examples obtains is solid construction, and aeroge irregular distribution is poly- in fiber
It closes in object, composite fibre thermal coefficient is 0.07W/m.k, and compared to former polypropylene fibre, composite fibre heat-proof quality does not obtain
Larger improvement.In addition, composite fibre toughness reduces 50% or so, and composite fibre surface layer is whitened.
In addition, present inventor also uses other raw materials for enumerating of this specification and process conditions, and reference implementation example
The mode of 1-6 has produced a series of skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre.It finds after tested, these skin-core structure aeroges are multiple
Every excellent properties that condensating fiber is also addressed with this specification, that is, have excellent heat-proof quality, heat insulation effect, sound-proofing
Energy, Adsorption Filtration Properties, thermal stability, it is dustless and economic and environment-friendly the features such as.
By previous embodiment, it can be proved that the preparation method of the present invention has, production technology is simple, aeroge-polymer
Compound uniform, aerogel structure preserves the advantages that complete, production equipment is ripe, and obtained skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre has
Excellent heat-proof quality, heat insulation effect, sound insulation value, Adsorption Filtration Properties, thermal stability, it is dustless and economic and environment-friendly the features such as,
There are huge applications potentiality in fields such as clothes, home textile, industrial heat preservation, adsorption filtrations.
It should be appreciated that above-described is only some embodiments of the present invention, it is noted that for the common of this field
For technical staff, under the premise of not departing from the concept of the present invention, other modification and improvement can also be made, these are all
It belongs to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre, it is characterised in that including：
Using core-sheath spinning technology, aerogel particle and the polymer material of molten condition is made to be answered in spinneret bore end
It closes, synchronous wire drawing, cooling form skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre, and the skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre includes：Packet
The core of aerogel-congtg particle, and, the cortex of the core is coated, the cortex includes polymer material.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that including：It, will be described using core-sheath spinning technology
Aerogel particle is expressed into the gap that the polymer material is formed, and forms skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre.
3. preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that including：Make the aerogel particle and molten
The polymer material of state squeezes into spinneret orifice by guide-tube structure respectively, and compound, formation skin-core structure is carried out in spinneret bore end
Aeroge composite fibre；Preferably, the guide-tube structure includes one or more conduit；Preferably, the diameter of the conduit is in 8mm
Below；Preferably, at more than one, the shape of the spinneret orifice includes regular shape and/or does not advise the hole count of the spinneret orifice
Then shape；Especially preferred, the regular shape includes round and/or polygon.
4. preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that including：Make the aerogel particle and molten
The polymer material of state carries out compound in narrow slit structure, squeezes into spinneret orifice later, forms skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre；
And/or the speed of the wire drawing is less than 5000m/min.
5. preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The temperature of the polymer material be 160~
270 DEG C, and/or, the temperature of the aerogel particle is -15~350 DEG C；And/or the aerogel particle and polymer material
Mass ratio be 0.1~25：100；
Preferably, the polymer material includes polyester, polyolefin, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polysulfones, ring
In oxygen resin, acrylic resin, polyurethane, polyamide, polyvinylpyrrolidone and cellulose any one or it is two or more
Combination；It is especially preferred, the polyester include poly- (glycol terephthalate), poly- (butanediol terephthalate) and
Any one in polycyclohexane terephthalate or two or more combinations；It is especially preferred, the polyolefin
Including polypropylene and/or polyethylene；
Preferably, the aerogel particle includes silica aerogel particles, titania aerogel particles, alundum (Al2O3)
Any one in aerogel particle and functionalization composite aerogel particle or two or more combinations；It is especially preferred, it is described
The average grain diameter of aerogel particle is 10nm~20 μm.
6. a kind of skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre, it is characterised in that including：Include the core of aerogel particle, and, cladding
The cortex of the core, the cortex include polymer material.
7. skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre according to claim 6, it is characterised in that including more than one hollow
Fibre structure, and the aerogel particle is filled in the gap of one above doughnut structure.
8. skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The doughnut structure
Cross Section Morphology includes regular shape and/or irregular shape；Preferably, the regular shape includes round and/or polygon；
And/or a diameter of 10nm~100 μm of the doughnut structure, wall thickness be 10nm~100 μm, divide TEX number be 0.5~
1000dtex；And/or the form of the skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre includes monfil, fiber line, fiber cloth, fibre
Tie up any one in felt, fibrous paper and fiber stick or two or more combinations；Preferably, the skin-core structure aeroge is compound
Fiber includes corrugated fiber and/or fibers straight.
9. the skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre according to any one of claim 6-8, it is characterised in that：The core-skin
Loading of the aerogel particle in the doughnut structure is 0.1~25wt%；
Preferably, the polymer material includes polyester, polyolefin, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polysulfones, ring
In oxygen resin, acrylic resin, polyurethane, polyamide, polyvinylpyrrolidone and cellulose any one or it is two or more
Combination；It is especially preferred, the polyester include poly- (glycol terephthalate), poly- (butanediol terephthalate) and
Any one in polycyclohexane terephthalate or two or more combinations；It is especially preferred, the polyolefin
Including polypropylene and/or polyethylene；
Preferably, the aerogel particle includes silica aerogel particles, titania aerogel particles, alundum (Al2O3)
Any one in aerogel particle and functionalization composite aerogel particle or two or more combinations；It is especially preferred, it is described
The average grain diameter of aerogel particle is 10nm~20 μm；
And/or the thermal coefficient of the skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre is 0.015~0.07W/m.k.
10. the skin-core structure aeroge composite fibre prepared by any one of claim 1-5 the methods or such as claim
Any one of 6-9 skin-core structure aeroge composite fibres answering in clothes, home textile, industrial heat preservation or adsorption filtration field
With.
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