CN108330236B - Liquid slag dry centrifugal granulating slag particle quality control method - Google Patents
Liquid slag dry centrifugal granulating slag particle quality control method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 148
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
- C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
- C21B3/06—Treatment of liquid slag
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
- C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
- C21B3/06—Treatment of liquid slag
- C21B3/08—Cooling slag
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
- C21B2400/02—Physical or chemical treatment of slags
- C21B2400/022—Methods of cooling or quenching molten slag
- C21B2400/026—Methods of cooling or quenching molten slag using air, inert gases or removable conductive bodies
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
- C21B2400/05—Apparatus features
- C21B2400/052—Apparatus features including rotating parts
- C21B2400/054—Disc-shaped or conical parts for cooling, dispersing or atomising of molten slag rotating along vertical axis
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for regulating and controlling the quality of liquid slag granules by dry centrifugal granulation, which regulates and controls the glass body conversion rate of the slag granules, the granularity and the distribution of the slag granules and the activity of the slag granules; meanwhile, the liquid slag dry centrifugal granulation system is composed of a granulator, a granulator fixing device, a shaft cooling air duct, an annular air duct, a rotating shaft, a motor, a sealing cover and a fan, wherein the granulator fixing device is provided with a dendritic air port which can play the roles of wind crushing and wind quenching, and is beneficial to regulation and control of the conversion rate of the glass body and the granularity and distribution of slag particles. The quality control method for the liquid slag dry centrifugal granulated slag particles can improve the vitreous body conversion rate of the granulated slag particles, effectively control the grain size of the slag particles and improve the activity of the granulated slag particles, thereby improving the resource utilization of the granulated slag particles and providing a reference for the industrial application of the dry centrifugal granulation technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste heat recovery of high-temperature liquid slag, in particular to a method for regulating and controlling the quality of liquid slag dry-type centrifugal granulated slag particles.
Background
China is currently the largest iron and steel producing country worldwide. In 2016, the pig iron yield in China is about 7.01 hundred million tons, which accounts for about 60 percent of the total world production, and blast furnace slag containing huge heat is generated in the process of smelting the pig iron. The tapping temperature of the blast furnace slag is generally 1400-1550 ℃, and each ton of slag contains (1260-1880) × 103The sensible heat of kJ, corresponds to 60kg of standard coal. Under the existing iron-making technology in China, 0.3 ton of blast furnace slag is produced as a byproduct for producing 1 ton of pig iron, calculated according to 7.01 million tons of pig iron in China at present, the blast furnace slag can be folded to produce more than about 2.10 million tons, and the sensible heat of the blast furnace slag is equivalent to about 1261.8 million tons of standard coal.
The dry slag pit cooling method and the water slag flushing method are the most common blast furnace slag treatment methods in China at present. The dry slag pit cooling method directly discharges high-temperature liquid slag into a dry slag pit spaceAnd (5) cooling and auxiliary water cooling. When the method is used for cooling, a large amount of water vapor is generated, and a large amount of H is released simultaneously2S and SO2Gases, corrosion of buildings, destruction of equipment and deterioration of the working environment, which is generally used only in the event of accident. 90% of blast furnace slag in China is treated by a water flushing slag method. The slag flushing method is that low-temperature cooling water is directly mixed with high-temperature liquid slag, so that the temperature of the liquid slag is rapidly reduced and vitreous slag particles are formed. The water-slag-flushing method can be divided into a Ciba method, a Tura method, a bottom filtration method, a Lasa method and a Mintck method according to different process flows. Although the water slag flushing process is continuously developed, the core of the technology is to perform water spraying and water quenching on high-temperature liquid slag so as to achieve the purposes of cooling and granulating, then perform water slag separation, and recycle the water for flushing slag after precipitation and filtration. Although the vitreous slag produced by the method can be applied to the cement industry for resource utilization, a large amount of water resources are wasted in the treatment process, and SO is produced2And H2S and other harmful gases can not effectively recover high-quality waste heat resources contained in the high-temperature liquid slag.
At present, the commonly adopted dry slag pit cooling method and the water slag flushing method not only waste all high-quality waste heat resources contained in the high-temperature liquid slag, but also consume a large amount of water resources and cause serious pollution to the environment, and the treatment modes can not meet the urgent requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction in the steel industry at present. The dry centrifugal granulation method is widely favored due to the characteristics of low system energy consumption, small and uniform particle size, high added value of products and the like.
In the dry centrifugal granulation process, liquid slag drops on the surface of a granulator rotating at a high speed, is thrown out under the action of centrifugal force and friction force, forms small droplets under the action of surface tension, and the small droplets perform forced convection heat exchange with a heat transfer medium in a space and perform radiation heat exchange with the surrounding environment to reduce the temperature of the small droplets so as to generate phase change and form a solidified layer. As the temperature is further reduced, the droplets gradually turn into small solid particles. However, the quality of granulated slag particles cannot be effectively controlled in the liquid slag granulation process by the current dry granulation technology, so that the subsequent application value is influenced:
(1) if the conversion rate of the granulated slag granules glass body discharged by the system is lower than a certain value, the high-efficiency resource utilization is not facilitated;
(2) if the particle size of the granulated slag particles is too large, the cooling rate of the molten slag particles is reduced and the molten slag particles are easy to be transformed to a crystalline phase in the heat exchange process between the granulated slag particles and a heat transfer medium in a space, so that the conversion rate of a vitreous body of the granulated slag particles is reduced, and the efficient resource utilization of the granulated slag particles is influenced; if the particle size of the granulated slag particles is too small, on one hand, the granulated slag particles are easy to impact the wall surface of the granulating bin in a molten state or an external-condensation internal-melting state so as to be bonded on the wall surface of the granulating bin, so that the conditions of over-temperature, corrosion and the like of the wall surface of the granulating bin are caused, the bonded large blocks after cooling are not easy to clean, and great workload is brought to overhaul work; on the other hand, the particle size is too small, and the particle size is easily blown away by cooling air, and the cooling air volume is reduced, which is not favorable for cooling. Therefore, the particle size should be controlled within a certain range.
(3) The activity of the granulated slag particles is improved, and the improvement of resource utilization of the granulated slag particles is facilitated.
Therefore, in order to realize the final purpose of ensuring the liquid slag dry centrifugal granulation and the waste heat recovery and resource utilization technology, the quality control method for the liquid slag dry centrifugal granulation slag particles is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a quality control method for liquid slag dry-type centrifugal granulated slag particles, which ensures high glass body conversion rate, small granularity, good distribution and good activity of the granulated slag particles, improves the high-efficiency resource utilization value of the granulated slag particles and provides a certain reference for industrial application.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the quality control method of the liquid slag dry centrifugal granulation slag particles comprises the following steps: the quality of the slag particles comprises the glass body conversion rate of the slag particles, the granularity and the distribution of the slag particles and the activity of the slag particles;
the quality control method for the liquid slag dry centrifugal granulation slag particles comprises the following steps:
(1) regulating and controlling the glass body conversion rate of the slag particles;
the conversion rate of the slag particle glass body is related to the cooling rate of the slag particle glass body, and slag particles quickly cross a crystalline phase transformation area through quick cooling to realize the amorphous phase transformation of the slag particles;
(2) regulating and controlling the granularity and the grain size distribution of slag grains;
(3) activity of granulated slag particles:
the fineness of the granulated slag particles is reduced by a mechanical grinding method, and the activity of the slag particles is activated; or adding an activating agent to improve the activity of the slag particles.
Further, (1) regulating and controlling the glass body conversion rate of slag particles:
the conversion rate of the slag particle glass body is related to the cooling rate of the slag particle glass body, and the slag particles can quickly cross a crystalline phase transformation area through quick cooling to realize amorphous phase transformation of the slag particles.
The high-temperature granulated slag particles are rapidly cooled in the granulating bin. Cooling air at the edge of the granulator is arranged, and the flow field and momentum of the cooling air are matched in combination with the flight trajectory of granulated slag particles; setting air film cooling air on the water-cooled wall or the wall surface of the granulation cabin, and matching the volume of the granulation cabin with the wall surface temperature of the water-cooled wall of the granulation cabin or the air film cooling air temperature and the air speed on the wall surface of the granulation cabin in combination with the flight path of granulated slag particles; by the arrangement of the cooling air at the edge of the granulator and the cooling air of the water cooling wall or the air film of the granulation bin, the radiation heat exchange and the convection heat exchange between the high-temperature granulated slag particles and the surrounding environment are enhanced, and the rapid cooling of the high-temperature granulated slag particles is realized.
In the moving bed or the fluidized bed, a cold wall is arranged on the wall surface of the moving bed or the fluidized bed, the cold wall adopts a membrane wall or a non-membrane wall, and cooling air or cooling water is introduced into the cold wall to realize solid-solid heat exchange between a wall material layer and the cold wall surface; the method comprises the following steps of arranging an embedded pipe in a moving bed or fluidized bed space, introducing cooling air or cooling water into the embedded pipe, controlling the cooling speed of a molten layer and a semi-molten layer in slag particles of the moving bed or fluidized bed by solid-solid heat exchange between a material layer in the moving bed or fluidized bed and the wall surface of the embedded pipe by adopting a round pipe or an anti-abrasion special pipe, and realizing vitreous body conversion of the slag particles; cooling air is introduced into the moving bed or the fluidized bed, and the vitreous body conversion of the slag particles is realized through the convective heat exchange between the material layer and the cooling air. Meanwhile, a buried pipe heating surface is arranged between the moving bed and the granulating bin, cooling fluid is introduced into the buried pipe, and the buried pipe is a circular pipe or an anti-abrasion special pipe.
Further, (2) regulating and controlling the granularity and the grain size distribution of slag grains:
the temperature control unit is used for controlling the temperature of high-temperature slag in the liquid slag caching device to be kept within a set temperature range and controlling the temperature of outflow slag of the caching device to be kept within the set temperature range;
the flow control unit is used for controlling the flow of the outflow high-temperature molten slag of the cache device within a set range and ensuring the flow stability;
the granulator control unit is used for controlling the center of the granulator to be aligned with the center of the slag falling pipe of the cache device and simultaneously ensuring the granulator to stably run in the high-speed rotation process;
firstly, the temperature and the flow of liquid molten slag falling into a granulator are controlled through a temperature control unit, a flow control unit and a granulator control unit, and the granulator is ensured to be aligned with a slag falling pipe and to be stable and free of shaking; then debugging is carried out, and the relation between the grain size of the granulated slag grains and the rotating speed, the outflow flow, the viscosity-temperature characteristic, the structure of the granulator, the size of the granulator, the surface roughness of the granulator, the wind speed and the angle of the edge wind of the granulator is regulated through a process test to obtain the relation between the grain size of the granulated slag grains and the rotating speed, the outflow flow, the viscosity-temperature characteristic, the structure of the granulator, the size of the granulator, the surface roughness of the granulator, the wind speed and the angle of the edge wind of the granulator;
when the relation between the grain size of the granulated slag grains and the rotating speed, the outflow flow, the viscosity-temperature characteristic, the structure, the size, the surface roughness and the wind speed and the angle of the edge of the granulator is obtained through a process test, the normal granulation process is started;
if the grain size of the granulated slag grains obtained according to the grain size relation is larger than a set interval (the small interval of the set value refers to a certain set value or small fluctuation near the set value) in the normal granulating process, the rotating speed of the granulator is finely adjusted to return to the set interval; if the grain size of the granulated slag particles is smaller than the set interval, the rotating speed of the granulator is adjusted to be small so that the granulated slag particles return to the set interval.
In the granulating process, if the grain size of the granulated slag grains is within a set interval, but the ratio of filaments in the granulated product is high, the rotating speed, the outflow flow, the viscosity-temperature characteristic, the surface roughness of the granulator, the edge air quantity and the angle of the granulator and the like can be properly adjusted, so that the aims of small grain size of the granulated slag grains and low ratio of the filaments are achieved.
Further, in the method for regulating and controlling the conversion rate of the glass body of the slag particles, a moving bed structure is adopted, so that a scraper is arranged near the surface of a moving bed material layer to regularly push horizontally or rotate the material pushing layer to homogenize the material, and a cooling air is carried on the scraper.
Further, the temperature control means of the temperature control unit comprises: the cache device is provided with a temperature control program, adopts a heat supplementing means, and is provided with the temperature control program and is added with the heat supplementing means.
Furthermore, if the known viscosity-temperature characteristic of the molten slag cannot meet the requirement of controlling the particle size of the granulated slag particles, the viscosity-temperature characteristic of the molten slag is adjusted by adjusting the alkalinity of the molten slag, so that the particle size is controlled.
Further, in the method for regulating and controlling the glass body conversion rate of the slag particles, on the premise of ensuring that all parameters (such as the air volume of a granulating bin, the cooling air volume of a moving bed, the height of a material layer of the moving bed and the like) are within a set value range, the glass body conversion rate of the slag particles is detected in the granulating process, and if the conversion rate is smaller than the set value, the step (a) is carried out; if the conversion rate is greater than the set value, ending; continuously monitoring the glass body conversion rate of the slag particles;
(a) confirming whether the grain size of the liquid slag is within a set interval, if the grain size of the liquid slag is beyond the set interval, adjusting the grain size of the liquid slag to a set range, and turning to the step (b); if the time does not exceed the set interval, directly switching to the step (b);
(b) gradually increasing the annular air quantity at the edge of the granulator until the glass body conversion rate of the granulated slag particles reaches a set value, and finishing; if the annular air quantity at the edge of the granulator is increased to the maximum, the glass body conversion rate of the granulated slag particles is still less than a set value, and the step (c) is carried out;
(c) if the wall surface of the granulating bin is provided with air film cooling air, gradually increasing the air quantity of the air film cooling air arranged on the wall surface of the granulating bin until the conversion rate of the glass body of the granulated slag particles reaches a set value, and finishing; if the air film cooling air quantity arranged on the wall surface of the granulating bin is increased to the maximum, and the glass body conversion rate of the granulated slag particles is still smaller than a set value, the step (d) is carried out; if no air film cooling air is arranged on the wall surface of the granulating bin, turning to the step (d);
(d) if the scraper cooling air is arranged near the surface of the moving bed material layer, the air quantity of the scraper on the surface of the moving bed material layer is increased until the glass body conversion rate of the granulated slag particles reaches a set value, and then the operation is finished; if the quantity of the cooling air of the scraper arranged near the surface of the moving bed material layer is increased to the maximum and the vitreous body conversion rate of the granulated slag particles is still less than a set value, the step (e) is carried out; if no scraper cooling air is arranged near the surface of the moving bed material layer, turning to the step (e);
(e) increasing the cooling air quantity of the moving bed until the glass body conversion rate of the granulated slag particles reaches a set value, and ending; if the cooling air quantity of the moving bed is increased to the maximum and the vitreous body conversion rate of the granulated slag particles is still less than a set value, the step (f) is carried out;
(f) adjusting operation parameters and slag physical properties according to the relationship between the particle size and the rotating speed, outflow flow, viscosity-temperature characteristics, structure, size, surface roughness and edge air quantity and angle of the granulator so as to reduce the particle size of the slag particles until the glass conversion rate of the granulated slag particles reaches a set value; if the grain size of the slag grains is reduced to the limit value, the glass body conversion rate of the granulated slag grains is still less than the set value, and the step (g) is carried out;
(g) and increasing the material level height of the moving bed until the glass body conversion rate of the granulated slag particles reaches a set value.
Further, the quality control method for the liquid slag dry centrifugal granulation slag particles is suitable for various liquid slag dry centrifugal granulation and waste heat recovery systems, and a liquid slag dry centrifugal granulation system is provided;
liquid slag dry-type centrifugation granulation system includes: the granulator comprises a granulator, a granulator fixing device and a granulator driving device; the granulator is fixed on the granulator fixing device; an airflow channel is arranged in the granulator fixing device, and an expanded heating surface is arranged at the bottom of the granulator fixing device, which is in contact with the granulator; the top of the granulator fixing device is provided with a plurality of first air ports, and the air outlet angle of the first air ports at the top is intersected with the edge inclination angle of the granulator and used for carrying out external force crushing on a liquid film or a liquid wire formed in the granulation process; a plurality of second air ports are arranged on the side surface of the granulator fixing device, and the second air ports are parallel to or crossed with the edge of the granulator in an inclined angle and are used for cooling liquid drops formed by liquid filament breakage in the granulation process; the first air port and the second air port are communicated with the air flow channel; the granulator driving device is used for driving the granulator to rotate.
Further, the granulator further comprises a granulator driving device and a shaft cooling air duct; the granulator driving device comprises a motor and a rotating shaft; the output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected with the lower end of the rotating shaft; the upper end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the bottom of the granulator fixing device; a plurality of temperature-resistant blades are arranged on the rotating shaft; the shaft cooling air duct comprises a motor sealing cover, an air pipe inner sleeve, a shaft sleeve and a rotating shaft; the sealing cover surrounds the periphery of the motor, and the air pipe inner sleeve and the shaft sleeve are sleeved on the periphery of the rotating shaft; inner rings of the temperature-resistant thrust bearing and the temperature-resistant positioning bearing are fixed on the rotating shaft, and outer rings of the temperature-resistant thrust bearing and the temperature-resistant positioning bearing are fixed on the inner wall of the air pipe inner sleeve; the shaft sleeve is fixed between the outer ring of the temperature-resistant bearing at the top of the shaft sleeve and the outer ring of the temperature-resistant bearing at the lower part of the shaft sleeve, and surrounds the temperature-resistant blade; the temperature-resistant thrust bearing and the temperature-resistant positioning bearing are both provided with air supply flow channels; the sealing cover is fixedly connected with the air pipe inner sleeve and communicated with the air pipe inner sleeve through a vent; an air pipe outer sleeve is arranged on the periphery of the air pipe inner sleeve, an annular cooling air channel is formed between the air pipe inner sleeve and the air pipe outer sleeve, and a plurality of air caps are annularly arranged at the top of the annular cooling air channel; the bottom of the air pipe outer sleeve is provided with an annular cooling air duct air inlet.
Further, shaft cooling air enters from air openings of the sealing cover, most of the shaft cooling air enters into an air flow channel of the granulator fixing device after passing through the shaft sleeve to cool the shaft, a plurality of first air openings and second air openings which are annularly and uniformly distributed on the top and the side wall of the granulator fixing device enter into the granulation bin, and a small part of the shaft cooling air enters into the granulation bin from a narrow gap between the granulator fixing device and the air pipe inner sleeve.
Further, the air outlet of the blast cap is lower than the air outlets of the first air port and the second air port.
Further, there are three ways of generating shaft cooling air:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, cooling air is generated by a fan and enters from an air port of a sealing cover, most of the cooling air flows out through an air flow channel of a granulator fixing device, and the small cooling air flows out from a narrow gap between the fixing device and an inner sleeve of an air pipe;
in the second mode, the temperature-resistant blades on the rotating shaft rotate at high speed along with the rotating shaft to generate cooling air, most of the cooling air flows out through the airflow channel of the granulator fixing device, and a small part of the cooling air flows out from a narrow gap between the fixing device and the air pipe inner sleeve;
and in the third mode, the air outlet of the fan is matched with the high-speed rotating air outlet of the temperature-resistant blade to serve as shaft cooling air, and the shaft cooling air duct and the rotating shaft are cooled.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the quality control method for the liquid slag dry centrifugal granulated slag particles provided by the invention can improve the vitreous body conversion rate of the granulated slag particles, effectively control the particle size of the slag particles and improve the activity of the granulated slag particles, thereby improving the resource utilization of the granulated slag particles and providing a certain reference for industrial application.
(2) The invention provides a structure capable of ensuring air outlet of the edge of a granulator, wherein a plurality of air ports are formed at the top of a granulator fixing device, the air outlet angle of the air ports is intersected with the edge inclination angle of the granulator, a liquid film or a liquid wire formed in the granulation process can be subjected to external force crushing, the granulation effect is enhanced, and the control on the particle size of granulated slag particles is facilitated. The side surface of the granulator fixing device is provided with a plurality of air ports, the air ports are parallel to or crossed with the edge inclination angle of the granulator, liquid drops formed by liquid filament breakage in the granulation process can be cooled, the vitreous body conversion rate of the liquid drops is improved, and the control on the slag granule vitreous body conversion rate is facilitated. Meanwhile, an annular air duct is arranged on the outer side, and an annular air outlet is formed in the top of the annular air duct, so that granulated slag particles can be cooled, the glass body conversion rate of the granulated slag particles is improved, and the glass body conversion rate of the granulated slag particles can be controlled.
(3) The invention provides a liquid slag dry centrifugal granulation system, wherein a rotating shaft is provided with one-stage, two-stage or multi-stage small temperature-resistant blades. In the granulating process, the rotating shaft drives the temperature-resistant blades to rotate at a high speed, so that on one hand, flowing power of an air channel can be generated, the crushing effect of granulating edge air is enhanced, and meanwhile, cooling of shaft cooling air to the shaft and the granulator fixing device is accelerated, and on the other hand, the temperature-resistant blades can also be used as a fin structure to strengthen the overall heat dissipation of the rotating shaft.
(4) In the method for regulating and controlling the conversion rate of the glass body of the slag particles, the scraper blade is arranged near the surface of the material layer of the moving bed and is used for regularly and horizontally pushing or rotating the material pushing layer to homogenize the material, and the scraper blade is provided with a cooling air for cooling the slag particles falling from the granulating bin onto the surface of the material layer of the moving bed, so that the cooling rate is increased while the adhesion is prevented, and the conversion rate of the glass body is accelerated.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a logic diagram of the regulation of the glass conversion rate of liquid slag dry centrifugal granulation slag particles;
FIG. 2 is a logic diagram of control of the particle size of slag particles in dry centrifugal granulation of liquid slag;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a liquid slag dry centrifugal granulation system;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a granulator fixture.
209-motor; 210-a sealing cover; 211-a coupling; 216-air duct outer sleeve; 217-air duct inner sleeve; 219-a granulator; 220-blast cap; 222-a shaft sleeve; 223-a rotating shaft; 224-temperature resistant blades; 225-annular air port; 226-a vent; 227-sealing the cover tuyere; 232-granulator fixing means; 233-airflow channel; 234-extended heated surface; 235-a second tuyere; 236-first tuyere.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the method for regulating and controlling the quality of liquid slag granules by dry centrifugal granulation includes the glass conversion rate of the slag granules, the particle size and distribution of the slag granules, and the activity of the slag granules;
(1) the method for regulating and controlling the glass body conversion rate of the slag particles comprises the following steps:
the conversion rate of the slag particle glass body is related to the cooling rate of the slag particle glass body, and the slag particles can quickly cross a crystalline phase transformation area through quick cooling to realize amorphous phase transformation of the slag particles.
The rapid cooling of the high-temperature granulated slag particles in the granulating bin is realized. Cooling air at the edge of the granulator is arranged, and the flow field and momentum of the cooling air are matched in combination with the flight trajectory of granulated slag particles; setting air film cooling air on the water-cooled wall or the wall surface of the granulation cabin, and matching the volume of the granulation cabin with the wall surface temperature of the water-cooled wall of the granulation cabin or the air film cooling air temperature and the air speed on the wall surface of the granulation cabin in combination with the flight path of granulated slag particles; by the arrangement of the cooling air at the edge of the granulator and the cooling air of the water cooling wall or the air film of the granulation bin, the radiation heat exchange and the convection heat exchange between the high-temperature granulated slag particles and the surrounding environment are enhanced, and the rapid cooling of the high-temperature granulated slag particles is realized.
In the moving bed or the fluidized bed, a cold wall is arranged on the wall surface of the moving bed or the fluidized bed, the cold wall adopts a membrane wall or a non-membrane wall, and cooling air or cooling water is introduced into the cold wall to realize solid-solid heat exchange between a wall material layer and the cold wall surface; the method comprises the following steps of arranging an embedded pipe in a moving bed or fluidized bed space, introducing cooling air or cooling water into the embedded pipe, controlling the cooling speed of a molten layer and a semi-molten layer in slag particles of the moving bed or fluidized bed by solid-solid heat exchange between a material layer in the moving bed or fluidized bed and the wall surface of the embedded pipe by adopting a round pipe or an anti-abrasion special pipe, and realizing vitreous body conversion of the slag particles; cooling air is introduced into the moving bed or the fluidized bed, and the vitreous body conversion of the slag particles is realized through the convective heat exchange between the material layer and the cooling air. Meanwhile, a buried pipe heating surface is arranged between the moving bed and the granulating bin, cooling air or cooling water is introduced into the buried pipe, and the buried pipe is a circular pipe or an anti-abrasion special pipe. If a moving bed structure is adopted, a scraper blade can be arranged near the surface of a material layer of the moving bed to regularly push horizontally or rotate the material layer to homogenize the material, and the scraper blade is provided with a cooling air for cooling slag particles falling from a granulating bin onto the surface of the material layer of the moving bed, so that the cooling rate is improved while the adhesion is prevented, and the vitreous body conversion is accelerated.
Taking the structure of a granulating bin and a moving bed as an example, the method for regulating and controlling the glass body conversion rate of slag particles is provided:
detecting the glass body conversion rate of slag particles in the granulation process on the premise of ensuring that all parameters (such as the air volume of a granulation bin, the cooling air volume of a moving bed, the height of a material layer of the moving bed and the like) are within a set value range, and entering the step (a) if the conversion rate is less than the set value; if the conversion rate is greater than the set value, ending; continuously monitoring the glass body conversion rate of the slag particles;
(a) confirming whether the grain size of the liquid slag is within a set interval, if the grain size of the liquid slag is beyond the set interval, adjusting the grain size of the liquid slag to a set range, and turning to the step (b); if the time does not exceed the set interval, directly switching to the step (b);
(b) gradually increasing the annular air quantity at the edge of the granulator until the glass body conversion rate of the granulated slag particles reaches a set value, and finishing; if the annular air quantity at the edge of the granulator is increased to the maximum, the glass body conversion rate of the granulated slag particles is still less than a set value, and the step (c) is carried out;
(c) if the wall surface of the granulating bin is provided with air film cooling air, gradually increasing the air quantity of the air film cooling air arranged on the wall surface of the granulating bin until the conversion rate of the glass body of the granulated slag particles reaches a set value, and finishing; if the air film cooling air quantity arranged on the wall surface of the granulating bin is increased to the maximum, and the glass body conversion rate of the granulated slag particles is still smaller than a set value, the step (d) is carried out; if no air film cooling air is arranged on the wall surface of the granulating bin, turning to the step (d);
(d) if the scraper cooling air is arranged near the surface of the moving bed material layer, the air quantity of the scraper on the surface of the moving bed material layer is increased until the glass body conversion rate of the granulated slag particles reaches a set value, and then the operation is finished; if the quantity of the cooling air of the scraper arranged near the surface of the moving bed material layer is increased to the maximum and the vitreous body conversion rate of the granulated slag particles is still less than a set value, the step (e) is carried out; if no scraper cooling air is arranged near the surface of the moving bed material layer, turning to the step (e);
(e) increasing the cooling air quantity of the moving bed until the glass body conversion rate of the granulated slag particles reaches a set value, and ending; if the cooling air quantity of the moving bed is increased to the maximum and the vitreous body conversion rate of the granulated slag particles is still less than a set value, the step (f) is carried out;
(f) adjusting operation parameters and slag physical properties according to the relationship between the particle size and the rotating speed, outflow flow, viscosity-temperature characteristics, structure, size, surface roughness and edge air quantity and angle of the granulator so as to reduce the particle size of the slag particles until the glass conversion rate of the granulated slag particles reaches a set value; if the grain size of the slag grains is reduced to the limit value, the glass body conversion rate of the granulated slag grains is still less than the set value, and the step (g) is carried out;
(g) and increasing the material level height of the moving bed until the glass body conversion rate of the granulated slag particles reaches a set value.
(2) Regulating and controlling the granularity and the grain size distribution of slag grains:
the temperature control unit is used for controlling the temperature of high-temperature slag in the liquid slag caching device to be kept within a set temperature range and controlling the temperature of outflow slag of the caching device to be kept within the set temperature range; the temperature control means of the temperature control unit comprises: the cache device is provided with a temperature control program, adopts a heat supplementing means, is provided with the temperature control program and is added with the heat supplementing means;
the flow control unit is used for controlling the flow of the outflow high-temperature molten slag of the cache device within a set range and ensuring the flow stability;
the granulator control unit is used for controlling the center of the granulator to be aligned with the center of the slag falling pipe of the cache device and simultaneously ensuring the granulator to stably run in the high-speed rotation process;
firstly, the temperature and the flow of liquid molten slag falling into a granulator are controlled through a temperature control unit, a flow control unit and a granulator control unit, and the granulator is ensured to be aligned with a slag falling pipe and to be stable and free of shaking; then debugging is carried out, and the relation between the grain size of the granulated slag grains and the rotating speed, the outflow flow, the viscosity-temperature characteristic, the structure of the granulator, the size of the granulator, the surface roughness of the granulator, the wind speed and the angle of the edge wind of the granulator is regulated through a process test to obtain the relation between the grain size of the granulated slag grains and the rotating speed, the outflow flow, the viscosity-temperature characteristic, the structure of the granulator, the size of the granulator, the surface roughness of the granulator, the wind speed and the angle of the edge wind of the granulator;
when the relation between the grain size of the granulated slag grains and the rotating speed, the outflow flow, the viscosity-temperature characteristic, the structure, the size, the surface roughness and the wind speed and the angle of the edge of the granulator is obtained through a process test, the normal granulation process is started;
if the grain size of the granulated slag grains obtained according to the grain size relation is larger than the set interval in the normal granulating process, the grain size returns to the set interval by finely adjusting the rotating speed of the large granulator; if the grain size of the granulated slag particles is smaller than the set interval, the rotating speed of the granulator is adjusted to be small so that the granulated slag particles return to the set interval.
In the granulating process, if the grain size of the granulated slag grains is within a set interval, but the ratio of filaments in the granulated product is high, the rotating speed, the outflow flow, the viscosity-temperature characteristic, the surface roughness of the granulator, the edge air quantity and the angle of the granulator and the like can be properly adjusted, so that the aims of small grain size of the granulated slag grains and low ratio of the filaments are achieved.
If the known viscosity-temperature characteristic of the molten slag can not meet the requirement of controlling the grain size of the granulated slag, the viscosity-temperature characteristic of the molten slag is adjusted by adjusting the alkalinity of the molten slag, so that the grain size is controlled.
(3) Activity of granulated slag particles:
the activity of the granulated slag particles with small particle size and high vitreous body content is improved by the following means: the fineness of the granulated slag particles is reduced by a mechanical grinding method, and the activity of the slag particles is activated; adding proper amount of activator to raise the activity of slag grain.
The quality control method of the liquid slag dry-type centrifugal granulation slag particles is suitable for various liquid slag dry-type centrifugal granulation and waste heat recovery systems, and provides a liquid slag dry-type centrifugal granulation system:
the liquid slag dry centrifugal granulation system comprises: a granulator 219, a granulator fixing device 232, and a granulator driving device; the granulator 219 is disc-shaped or cup-shaped, the edge inclination angle is 30-60 degrees, and the center is provided with a guide cone; the granulator 219 is fixed to a granulator fixing device 232; an airflow channel 233 is arranged in the granulator fixing device 232; an extended heated surface 234, such as annular fins, is provided in the bottom of the granulator fixture 232 that contacts the granulator 219 to better cool the granulator fixture; the top of the granulator fixing device 232 is provided with a plurality of first air ports 236, the air outlet angle of the first air ports is intersected with the edge inclination angle of the granulator, so that a liquid film or a liquid filament formed in the granulation process can be crushed by external force, and the granulation effect is enhanced; the side surface of the granulator fixing device 232 is provided with a plurality of second air ports 235, the second air ports are parallel to or crossed with the edge of the granulator in an inclined angle, and liquid drops formed by liquid filament breakage in the granulation process can be cooled, so that the conversion rate of the glass body is improved. The first tuyere 236 and the second tuyere 235 communicate with the air flow passage 233.
The granulator driving means includes a motor 209, a sealing cap 210, a rotating shaft 223, a shaft sleeve 222, an air duct inner sleeve 217, an air duct outer sleeve 216, a hood 220, and the like. The motor 209 is connected with the rotating shaft 223 through a coupler 211; the rotating shaft is provided with a plurality of temperature-resistant blades 224; the bottom of the rotating shaft 223 is provided with a temperature-resistant thrust bearing 212, the middle part and the upper part of the rotating shaft are provided with one or more temperature-resistant positioning bearings 221, wherein the positioning bearing at the uppermost part should be as close to the bottom of the granulator fixing device 232 as possible, so that the situation that the granulation effect is influenced by the swinging of the rotating shaft rotating at a high speed due to the inaccurate mechanical structure can be improved, and the service life of the equipment can be prolonged.
The shaft cooling air duct includes a motor can 210, an air duct inner sleeve 217, a shaft sleeve 222, and a rotating shaft 223. The sealing cover 210 surrounds the periphery of the motor 209, and the air duct inner sleeve 217 and the shaft sleeve 222 are sleeved on the periphery of the rotating shaft 223; inner rings of the temperature-resistant thrust bearing 212 and the temperature-resistant positioning bearing 221 are fixed on the rotating shaft 223, and outer rings of the temperature-resistant thrust bearing and the temperature-resistant positioning bearing are fixed on the inner wall of the air pipe inner sleeve 217; the shaft sleeve 222 is fixed between the outer ring of the upper temperature-resistant bearing and the outer ring of the lower temperature-resistant bearing, and surrounds the temperature-resistant blades 224 therein; the temperature-resistant thrust bearing 212 and the temperature-resistant positioning bearing 221 are both provided with air supply flow channels 218. The granulator fixing device 232 is fixed to the top of the rotating shaft 223.
The sealing cover 210 is fixedly connected with the air pipe inner sleeve 217 and is communicated with the air vent 226, shaft cooling air enters from an air port 227 of the sealing cover, after cooling the rotating shaft 223 through the inside of the shaft sleeve 222, most of the shaft cooling air enters into an air flow channel 233 of the granulator fixing device 232, a plurality of first air ports 236 and second air ports 235 which are annularly and uniformly distributed from the top and the side wall of the granulator fixing device 232 enter into a granulation bin, and the small part of the shaft cooling air enters into the granulation bin from a narrow gap between the granulator fixing device 232 and the air pipe inner sleeve 217. An air pipe outer sleeve 216 is arranged on the periphery of the air pipe inner sleeve 217, an annular cooling air duct is formed between the air pipe inner sleeve 217 and the air pipe outer sleeve 216, a plurality of air caps 220 are annularly arranged on the top of the annular cooling air duct, and air outlets of the air caps 220 are lower than air outlets of the first air opening 236 and the second air opening 235. An annular cooling air duct air inlet 225 is formed at the bottom of the air duct outer sleeve 216.
In the present invention, the granulator securing device 232 is composed of a left and a right part, and is secured by pins and hoops. When the granulator 219 is damaged, the pins are removed, the granulator 219 and the granulator fixing device 232 can be removed, the pins and the anchor ear are removed, the left and right parts of the granulator fixing device 232 can be detached, and the granulator 219 can be removed after the annular hoop is removed. When the granulator 219 cracks, the cracked granulator 219 cannot be thrown away due to the existence of the granulator base and the fixing device, and meanwhile, liquid slag cannot directly drip on the transmission device and the motor 209, so that the system safety is ensured before shutdown and overhaul. Meanwhile, only the granulator 219 needs to be replaced, thereby reducing the cost of replacing the whole granulation device due to damage of the conventional granulator 219. A streamline flow channel 233 is arranged in the granulator fixing device 232; meanwhile, the gap between the side surface of the bottom of the granulator base and the air duct inner sleeve 217 is small, so that most of the air sent from the lower part of the granulator base can enter the streamline flow channel 233 to cool the granulator fixing device 232, and the air sent from the granulator base can blow to the edge of the granulator 219 to strengthen granulation.
In the invention, the hollow flange is adopted to connect the rotating shaft 223 and the granulator fixing device 232, and the hollow flange ensures that an air heat insulation layer is arranged between the granulator base and the rotating shaft 223 to block heat transfer between the granulator 219 and the rotating shaft 223, so that the heat of the granulator base is not transferred to the rotating shaft 223, the granulator 219 is ensured to run safely and stably, and the granulation effect is better realized.
There are three ways of generating shaft cooling air: in the first mode, cooling air is generated by a fan and enters from an air opening 227 of a sealing cover, most of the cooling air enters a granulating bin through an annular air duct of a fixing device of the granulator, and the small cooling air enters the granulating bin from a narrow gap between the fixing device and an inner sleeve 217 of an air pipe; in the second mode, the one-stage, two-stage or multi-stage small temperature-resistant blades 224 are arranged on the rotating shaft 223, cooling air is generated by high-speed rotation of the rotating shaft, most of the cooling air enters the granulating bin through the annular air duct of the granulator fixing device 232, and the small cooling air enters the granulating bin from a narrow gap between the fixing device and the air pipe inner sleeve 217. The rotating shaft 223 is provided with one-stage, two-stage or multi-stage small temperature-resistant blades 224 which rotate at high speed along with the rotating shaft 223, on one hand, the flowing power of a shaft cooling air channel can be generated, the cooling of shaft cooling air to the shaft and the granulator fixing device is accelerated, and on the other hand, the temperature-resistant blades 224 can also be used as a fin structure, so that the integral heat dissipation of the rotating shaft 223 is enhanced; and in the third mode, the air outlet of the fan is matched with the high-speed rotating air outlet of the small temperature-resistant blade to serve as shaft cooling air, and parts such as a shaft cooling air channel, a rotating shaft and the like are cooled.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the technical solutions described in the present invention; thus, while the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted; all such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure and the present invention and protected by the following claims.
Claims (4)
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| CN201810163114.6A CN108330236B (en) | 2018-02-26 | 2018-02-26 | Liquid slag dry centrifugal granulating slag particle quality control method |
| PCT/CN2018/120177 WO2019161697A1 (en) | 2018-02-26 | 2018-12-11 | Liquid-state slag dry-type centrifugal granulation slag particles quality regulating method |
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| CN108330236B (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2020-04-28 | 西安交通大学 | Liquid slag dry centrifugal granulating slag particle quality control method |
| CN109721260B (en) * | 2019-01-03 | 2024-03-15 | 南京华电节能环保股份有限公司 | Slag cooling device of plate type rapid cooler and rapid cooling and solidifying method of slag |
| CN114231675B (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2023-03-21 | 上海宝钢节能环保技术有限公司 | Blast furnace slag dry-method granulating device |
| CN116042935A (en) * | 2023-01-03 | 2023-05-02 | 重庆赛迪热工环保工程技术有限公司 | Device and method for collecting and conveying high-temperature slag particles through slag centrifugal granulation |
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