CN108325503B - An Amine-Activated Carbon Composite Reagent for Removing Anionic Pollutants - Google Patents
An Amine-Activated Carbon Composite Reagent for Removing Anionic Pollutants Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N activated carbon Substances [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 2
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910021432 inorganic complex Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- IQFVPQOLBLOTPF-HKXUKFGYSA-L congo red Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C1=CC=CC2=C(N)C(/N=N/C3=CC=C(C=C3)C3=CC=C(C=C3)/N=N/C3=C(C4=CC=CC=C4C(=C3)S([O-])(=O)=O)N)=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C21 IQFVPQOLBLOTPF-HKXUKFGYSA-L 0.000 description 15
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 15
- -1 Amino-activated carbon Chemical compound 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001044 red dye Substances 0.000 description 4
- LRWZZZWJMFNZIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-3-methyloxirane Chemical compound CC1OC1Cl LRWZZZWJMFNZIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OJDHPAQEFDMEMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N#C[Cu]C#N Chemical class N#C[Cu]C#N OJDHPAQEFDMEMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFIHOCAEOJNSOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag]C#N Chemical class [Ag]C#N MFIHOCAEOJNSOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001927 cetylpyridinium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009854 hydrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001412 inorganic anion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002891 organic anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015598 salt intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种去除阴离子型污染物的胺基‑活性炭复合药剂，其制备方法如下：活性炭的环氧化物化学改良、改良活性炭的胺基化改性和产物物理分离与干化。该复合药剂充分利用了环氧化物的选择性改性能力与胺基定向偶联能力，具有成本低、正电荷密度大和季铵盐类结构等优势特征，对水中阴离子型污染物尤其是大中分子的无机络合物和有机污染物有较好的去除效果。
The invention discloses an amine-activated carbon composite agent for removing anionic pollutants. The preparation method is as follows: epoxide chemical modification of activated carbon, amination modification of modified activated carbon, and physical separation and drying of products. The compound agent makes full use of the selective modification ability of epoxides and the directional coupling ability of amine groups, and has the advantages of low cost, high positive charge density and quaternary ammonium salt structure. Molecular inorganic complexes and organic pollutants have a better removal effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of adsorption, and particularly relates to an amino-activated carbon composite medicament.
Background
Anionic pollutants mainly comprising cyanide, dye, nitride, nitrite, chloride, sulfide, fluoride, surfactant and the like are widely existed in industries such as mineral washing processing, electroplating, organic chemistry and the like, and have long-term potential harm to the environment and huge ecological risk. With the rapid development of economy, the anion pollution in the environment shows an increasingly serious trend, and the anion pollution of different degrees appears in underground water and surface water, so that the situation is very severe.
Adsorption and ion exchange have been considered as one of the most effective techniques for the removal of anionic contaminants from water. Compared with the ion exchange technology which has the defects of large generation amount of regenerated waste liquid, poor organic pollution resistance, long period and large salt consumption, the adsorption technology is considered as the anion pollutant removal technology with the most development potential in an efficient, economical and flexible operation mode. The key of the technology is the complexity of the research and development process and the synthesis process of the high-efficiency adsorbing material. The powdered activated carbon has the characteristics of higher specific surface area, chemical and mechanical stability, ion exchange capacity and the like, so the powdered activated carbon is generally considered to be a better adsorption material and can become a high-efficiency and low-cost material for removing anionic pollutants with great development prospect after being modified.
In previous researches, document 1 "Zhengjing Jingwei, Linjianwei, Zhanyanhui, Fangqiao, Yangjuan, Wanghong, Cetylpyridinium chloride modified activated carbon has an adsorption effect on nitrate in water [ J ]. environmental science, 2013, (11): 4325-; document 2 "Zhengxi, Linjianwei, Zhan-kuan, Yangjuan, Fangqiao. lanthanum and cationic surfactant jointly modify the adsorption of activated carbon on phosphate and nitrate in water [ J ]. environmental chemistry 2015, (05): 939-. Document 3 "Dai X, Breuer P L, Jeffrey M i.e. contrast of activated carbon and ion-exchange resins in a recovery scrubber from cyanamide solutions [ J ]. Hydrometallurgy,2010,101(1): 48-57" indicates that both activated carbon and resin have an adsorption effect on copper cyanide compounds and silver cyanide compounds, and that the adsorption of activated carbon has the advantage of being easier to elute than the adsorption of resin. The research proves that the capability of the activated carbon for adsorbing anionic pollutants after alkali modification can be obviously improved, mainly due to the fact that the density and the number of cationic groups on the surface of the activated carbon are obviously improved.
Based on the above, there is an urgent need to develop a medicament which has low cost and simple process, and can effectively remove inorganic complex and organic pollutants of large and medium molecules, so as to meet the market demand.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an amino-activated carbon (AmMAC) efficient composite agent for removing anionic pollutants in water, which takes cheap coal-based activated carbon as an original framework material and is modified by diethylamine, so that the AmMAC efficient composite agent has a good removal effect on the anionic pollutants in water, particularly inorganic complexes and organic pollutants of large and medium molecules.
An amido-active carbon composite medicament for removing anionic pollutants is prepared by the following process steps:
(1) preparation of improved activated carbon homogenate
Mixing the coal-based activated carbon powder with epoxy chloropropane and N, N-dimethylformamide, and continuously stirring the mixed solution in a constant-temperature water bath magnetic stirrer at the temperature of 40 ℃ to prepare an improved activated carbon homogenate activated by epoxy chloropropane; wherein, the raw material mixing proportion is that 100-150mmol of epichlorohydrin and 60-75mmol of N, N-dimethylformamide are added into each gram of coal-based activated carbon powder;
(2) preparation of amino modified activated carbon
Under the condition of constant temperature and uniform stirring, slowly dripping diethylamine into the improved activated carbon homogenate, wherein the addition amount of the diethylamine is 80-120mmol per gram of coal-based activated carbon powder, and preparing the amino-modified activated carbon homogenate;
(3) separation and drying
And (3) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the prepared amino modified activated carbon homogenate by using a sand core suction filtration device, intercepting solid particles on a filter membrane, drying the filter membrane covered with the modified material in an electric heating blast box, taking out and grinding to obtain a finished product.
Preferably, 125mmol of epichlorohydrin and 65mmol of N, N-dimethylformamide are added to each gram of coal-based activated carbon powder in the step (1).
Preferably, in the step (1), 100-150 mesh coal-based activated carbon powder is selected as a raw material.
Preferably, in step (1), the stirring speed is 120rpm, and the mixture is continuously stirred for 2 h.
Preferably, the adding amount of the diethylamine in the step (2) is 100mmol per gram of the coal-based activated carbon powder.
Preferably, in step (2), the titration rate is 0.15ml/min, the temperature is controlled at 40 ℃, the stirring speed is 120rpm, and the mixture is continuously stirred for 2 h.
Preferably, in the step (3), the drying temperature is 65 ℃, the drying time is 2 hours, and the grinding fineness is 100 meshes.
Compared with the traditional activated carbon adsorption, the medicament fully utilizes the selective modification capability of the epichlorohydrin and the directional coupling capability of the diethylamine, the modified activated carbon has a stable structure, a large number of positive charge groups and an obvious quaternary ammonium salt structure are carried on the surface, and the medicament has a good removal effect on anionic pollutants in a water body, particularly inorganic complexes and organic pollutants of large and medium molecules, and has the following advantages:
1. the preparation process is simple, the active carbon does not need to be subjected to pre-oxidation treatment, the cost is low, and the industrial production is easy to realize.
2. The invention carries out the reaction at the low temperature of 40 ℃, reduces the energy consumption,
3. the agent has a quaternary ammonium salt structure, and the removal amount of anionic pollutants (taking Congo red as an example) of the modified agent is improved by 3 times compared with that of unmodified activated carbon.
4. The medicament fully utilizes the performances of stable carbon structure skeleton, high-efficiency directional coupling capability of amido, high-density positive charges on the surface and the like, has the characteristics of high reaction speed, large capacity and high efficiency, can reach balance after reacting for 45 minutes, can reach 95 percent of the maximum removal rate within 5 minutes, and can reach 670mg/L of Congo red removal under the condition of pH 4.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of an amino modified activated carbon composite medicament;
FIG. 2 is a comparison of kinetics of Congo red adsorption removal of an amino-modified activated carbon composite medicament and unmodified activated carbon;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of adsorption isotherms of various proportions of amino-modified activated carbon composite reagents and unmodified activated carbon against Congo red;
FIG. 4 shows the adsorption capacity of the amino-modified activated carbon composite reagent to Congo red at different pH values.
Detailed Description
The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
10g of raw material coal-based activated carbon powder with 100 meshes is mixed with 100mL of epoxy chloropropane and 50mL of N, N-dimethylformamide, and the mixture is shaken to ensure that the powdered activated carbon is not bonded and is uniformly dispersed in the mixed solution. The mixed solution was transferred to a constant temperature water bath magnetic stirrer, the temperature was controlled at 40 ℃ and the stirring speed was 120rpm, and the mixed solution was continuously stirred for 2 hours. Then, 100mL of diethylamine was slowly dropped into the activated carbon homogenate with uniform stirring at a rate of 0.15mL/min, a temperature of 40 ℃ and a stirring rate of 120rpm, and the mixture was continuously stirred for 2 hours. And (4) carrying out suction filtration on the turbid liquid by using a sand core suction filtration device, and intercepting the modified material particles on the filter membrane. And (3) placing the filter membrane covered with the modified material in an electric heating blast box, drying for 2h at 65 ℃, taking out, grinding to 100 meshes, and completing the separation and drying of the amine-based activated carbon to prepare 100-mesh amine-based modified activated carbon powder with a quaternary ammonium salt structure and used for efficiently removing anionic pollutants in water. FIG. 1 shows the appearance of an amino-modified activated carbon composite medicament.
Example 2
In the case of a typical anionic pollutant Congo red, a 1000mL glass beaker is used, 100mg/L of Congo red dye solution is added, and 500mg of the amino modified activated carbon agent in example 1 is added. The supernatant was filtered by stirring with a mechanical stirrer at 60rpm and at 0,1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, 180 minutes, respectively, and the residual absorbance was measured at 508nm wavelength using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and congo red dye reaction removal kinetics were calculated from a standard curve. The above process was repeated using unmodified activated carbon as the agent. The calculation results are shown in fig. 2.
Example 3
In the case of a typical anionic pollutant, Congo red, 0.1g of the amine-modified activated carbon agent of example 1 was added to each of 6 1000mL glass beakers, followed by 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, and 50mg/L of Congo red dye solution. A mechanical stirrer was used, and the rotation speed was set to 60 rpm. And (3) filtering the sample by using a 0.45-micron filter membrane, measuring the absorbance of the Congo red in the filtrate at the wavelength of 508nm by using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, and calculating the removal efficiency of the Congo red according to a standard curve. The above process was repeated using unmodified activated carbon as the agent.
Example 4
Taking a typical anionic pollutant Congo red as a case, a 1000mL glass beaker is used, 100mg/L of Congo red dye solution is added, 100mg of the amino modified activated carbon agent in example 1 is added, the pH value of the solution is adjusted, and the adsorption capacity of the agent on Congo red under different pH values of the solution is detected, which is shown in FIG. 4. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the amino modified activated carbon has a good removal effect on wastewater in different acid and alkali environments, particularly in strongly alkaline wastewater, and the removal efficiency can reach more than 200mg/g at most.
The amino modified activated carbon medicament can not only remove inorganic anion pollutants, but also has better removal effect on organic anion pollutants, has the maximum effective adsorption capacity up to 313mg/L, and has better removal effect on different acid-base environment wastewater.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (2)
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