CN108321363A - A kind of dysprosium phosphate cladding lithium-rich anode material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of dysprosium phosphate cladding lithium-rich anode material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108321363A CN108321363A CN201711402672.5A CN201711402672A CN108321363A CN 108321363 A CN108321363 A CN 108321363A CN 201711402672 A CN201711402672 A CN 201711402672A CN 108321363 A CN108321363 A CN 108321363A
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
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- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of dysprosium phosphates to coat lithium-rich anode material, including lithium-rich anode material and the dysprosium phosphate for being coated on lithium-rich anode material surface.The lithium-rich anode material that surface coats dysprosium phosphate is made by the precipitation method and calcination process by the present invention, by test：Cladding sample specific discharge capacity under 0.1C electric currents reaches 309.5mAh/g, and capacity retention ratio is up to 88.4% after being recycled 100 times under 1C electric currents.The chemical property, high rate performance and cycle performance that surface of the present invention coats lithium-rich anode material are excellent, and preparation process is simple, easy to operate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of lithium batteries more particularly to a kind of dysprosium phosphate cladding lithium-rich anode material and its preparation sides
Method.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery is due to energy density is high, power density is big, charge and discharge cycles are stable and zero memory effect etc.
Advantage is expected to the power battery as electric vehicle and hybrid vehicle.In lithium ion battery, the choosing of positive and negative electrode material
The performance and price that lithium ion battery is directly determined with quality are selected, negative material generally selects carbon material, current development to compare
Maturation, and the exploitation of positive electrode has become an important factor for restriction performance of lithium ion battery further develops.Lithium-ion electric
Pond positive electrode is typically all the oxide of lithium, and people, which develop and study more positive electrode, layer structure LiCoO2, point
Spinel structure Li2MnO4With olivine structural LiFePO4Deng, in recent years, lithium-rich oxide due to specific discharge capacity (>
250mAh/g) big advantage, is increasingly becoming research emphasis.
Lithium-rich oxide Li (Li1/3-2x/3NixMn2/3-x/3)O2Or xLi2MnO3·(1-x)LiMO2(M=Mn, Ni,
Co etc.), it is a kind of solid solution of two kinds of different structures, includes the LiMO of layer structure2(space group is phase) and monoclinic crystal
The Li of system2MnO3Phase (space group C2/m).Lithium-rich oxide possesses unique electrochemical reaction mechanism for the first time, for the first time
There are an activation processs, this process can provide additional reversible capacity in charging process.Li2MnO3Priming reaction production
The raw high voltage platform filled for the first time in curve, makes Li2O irreversible abjections from layer winding.But irreversible priming reaction
And under high pressure electrolyte decomposition, cause the coulombic efficiency for the first time of lithium-rich oxide relatively low, and cyclic process laminate knot
Allosteric transformation is that the phase transformation of spinel structure causes lithium-rich oxide cyclical stability poor.How lithium-rich oxidation is improved
The chemical property of object increases the surface texture stability of material, is that current urgent need solves technical problem.
Invention content
Technical problems based on background technology, the present invention propose a kind of dysprosium phosphate cladding lithium-rich anode material and its
Preparation method, electrochemistry, surface texture stability, forthright again and cycle performance are excellent, and preparation process is simple, easy to operate.
The present invention proposes that a kind of dysprosium phosphate coats lithium-rich anode material, including rich lithium material and is coated on rich lithium material surface
Dysprosium phosphate.
Preferably, the chemical formula of lithium-rich anode material is Li1.2Mn0.4Ni0.2Co0.2O2。
Preferably, structure is stratiform α-NaFeO2The space group of type structure, stratiform is。
Preferably, the mass ratio of dysprosium phosphate and lithium-rich anode material is 1-2:100.
The invention also provides above-mentioned dysprosium phosphates to coat lithium-rich anode material preparation method, includes the following steps：
S1, by molar ratio=1 of Dy and P:1-1.5 weighing DyCl3And NH4H2PO4Aqueous solution, by DyCl3It is dissolved in deionization
Wiring solution-forming A in water；
S2, by NH4H2PO4Aqueous solution is instilled in A and is stirred continuously, and is added lithium-rich anode material, is heated to 60-100
DEG C, sealing stirring 3-5h stands 11-13h, B is made through being filtered, washed, drying, grind；
S3, by B move into tube furnace under protective atmosphere 300-600 DEG C roasting 3-5h, be made dysprosium phosphate cladding rich lithium
Positive electrode.
Preferably, mixing speed is 200-300r/min, preferably 260r/min in S2.
Preferably, lithium-rich anode material is prepared using following technique in S2：
A, Li is pressed:Mn:Ni:The molar ratio of Co is 1.2-1.4:0.4-0.45:0.2-0.25:0.2-0.25 is weighed
LiCOOCH3·2H2O、Mn(COOCH3)2、Ni(COOCH3)2·4H2O、 Co(COOCH3)2·4H2O is dissolved in deionized water,
It is made into mixing salt solution C；
B, citric acid is pressed：The molar ratio of total metal ion is 3-3.5 in C:1, citric acid is weighed, is dissolved in deionized water and matching
At aqueous citric acid solution；
C, aqueous citric acid solution is added drop-wise in C and prepares mixed solution D；
D, D is heated to 75-85 DEG C, stirs 3-5h, clear gel E is made；
E, by E in 75-85 DEG C of dry 11.5-12.5h of temperature, then the pre-burning 4- under the air atmosphere of 475-485 DEG C of temperature
6h takes out grinding and F is made；
F, F is moved into Muffle furnace, is warming up to 895-905 DEG C, calcine 11-13h, Li is made1.2Mn0.4Ni0.2Co0.2O2
(abbreviation LMNCO) powder.
Preferably, washing repeats to rinse 3 times to use deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol centrifugal elutriation successively in S2.
Preferably, protective atmosphere is high-purity argon gas in S3.
Advantageous effect of the present invention：By coating dysprosium phosphate on lithium-rich anode surface, by the sample after cladding in 0.1C (1C
=300mA/g) specific discharge capacity is measured under electric current reaches 309.5mAh/g, capacity is protected after cycle 100 times is measured under 1C electric currents
Holdup is 88.4%, significantly improves the chemical property, high rate performance and cycle performance of material.
The present invention is with dysprosium phosphate cladding lithium-rich anode surface, on the one hand, dysprosium phosphate stable structure can effectively reduce matrix
With the contact area of electrolyte, improve material circulation procedure structure stability and thermal stability；On the other hand, due to rare earth dysprosium gold
The 4f electronic shell of category different can arrange the various level structure generated, and the lithium in positive electrode is formed well with RE phosphate
Ionic conductivity solid electrolyte layer, improve the lithium ion exchanged rate of electrode and electrolysis liquid surface, promote positive electrode times
Rate performance.Li is made by the precipitation method and calcination process in the present invention1.2Mn0.4Ni0.2Co0.2O2Surface coats the positive material of dysprosium phosphate
Material, precipitation method preparation process is simple, easy to operate, and calcination process can further strengthen the structural stability at cladding interface, and table is made
Bread covers lithium-rich anode material, and chemical property, high rate performance and cycle performance are excellent, and application prospect is wide.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is DyPO made from the embodiment of the present invention 14- 1 and embodiment 2 made from DyPO4- 2 with pure rich lithium material
(LMNCO) XRD spectrum.
Fig. 2 is DyPO made from the embodiment of the present invention 14- 1 and embodiment 2 made from DyPO4- 2 with pure rich lithium material
(LMNCO) SEM figures；Wherein：(a) LMNCO, (b) DyPO4- 1, (c) DyPO4-2。
Fig. 3 is DyPO made from embodiment 24- 2 TEM image.
Fig. 4 is DyPO made from the embodiment of the present invention 34- 1 and embodiment 4 made from DyPO4- 2 with pure rich lithium material
(LMNCO) cycle performance figure.
Fig. 5 is DyPO made from the embodiment of the present invention 14- 1 and embodiment 2 made from DyPO4- 2 with pure rich lithium material
(LMNCO) cyclic curve figure under 1C electric currents.
Fig. 6 is DyPO made from the embodiment of the present invention 14- 1 and embodiment 2 made from DyPO4- 2 with pure rich lithium material
(LMNCO) high rate performance figure.
Specific implementation mode
In the following, technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail by specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A kind of dysprosium phosphate cladding lithium-rich anode material, including rich lithium material and the dysprosium phosphate for being coated on rich lithium material surface,
Preparation method includes the following steps：
S1, by molar ratio=1 of Dy and P:1 weighs DyCl3And NH4H2PO4Aqueous solution, by DyCl3It is dissolved in deionized water
Wiring solution-forming A；
S2, by NH4H2PO4Aqueous solution is instilled in A and is stirred continuously, by lithium-rich anode material and dysprosium phosphate clad quality
Than being 100：1 is added lithium-rich anode material, is heated to 80 DEG C, stirs 4h with the speed sealing magnetic of 260r/min, stands 12h, warp
Be filtered, washed, dry after slightly grind be made B；
S3, B is moved into the lower 450 DEG C of roastings 4h of argon gas flox condition in tube furnace, the rich lithium of 1wt% dysprosium phosphate claddings is made
Positive electrode is labeled as DyPO4-1。
Wherein, lithium-rich anode material is prepared using following technique in S2：
A, Li is pressed:Mn:Ni:The molar ratio of Co is 1.32:0.4:0.2:0.2 weighs LiCOOCH3·2H2O、 Mn
(COOCH3)2、Ni(COOCH3)2·4H2O、Co(COOCH3)2·4H2O is dissolved in deionized water, is made into mixing salt solution C；
B, citric acid is pressed：The molar ratio of total metal ion is 3 in C:1, citric acid is weighed, is dissolved in deionized water and is made into lemon
Lemon aqueous acid；
C, aqueous citric acid solution is added drop-wise in C and prepares mixed solution D；
D, D is heated to 80 DEG C, stirs 4h, clear gel E is made；
E, by E in 80 DEG C of dry 12h of temperature, then the pre-burning 5h under the air atmosphere of 480 DEG C of temperature, it takes out grinding and F is made；
F, F is moved into Muffle furnace, is warming up to 900 DEG C, calcine 12h, Li is made1.2Mn0.4Ni0.2Co0.2O2Powder；
Embodiment 2
A kind of dysprosium phosphate cladding lithium-rich anode material, including rich lithium material and the dysprosium phosphate for being coated on rich lithium material surface,
Preparation method includes the following steps：
S1, by molar ratio=1 of Dy and P:1 weighs DyCl3And NH4H2PO4Aqueous solution, by DyCl3It is dissolved in deionized water
Wiring solution-forming A；
S2, by NH4H2PO4Aqueous solution is instilled in A and is stirred continuously, by lithium-rich anode material and dysprosium phosphate clad quality
Than being 100：2 are added lithium-rich anode material, are heated to 80 DEG C, stir 4h with the speed sealing magnetic of 260r/min, stand 12h, warp
Be filtered, washed, dry after slightly grind be made B；
S3, B is moved into the lower 450 DEG C of roastings 4h of argon gas flox condition in tube furnace, the rich lithium of 2wt% dysprosium phosphate claddings is made
Positive electrode is labeled as DyPO4-2。
Wherein, lithium-rich anode material is prepared using following technique in S2：
A, Li is pressed:Mn:Ni:The molar ratio of Co is 1.32:0.4:0.2:0.25 weighs LiCOOCH3·2H2O、Mn
(COOCH3)2、Ni(COOCH3)2·4H2O、Co(COOCH3)2·4H2O is dissolved in deionized water, is made into mixing salt solution C；
B, citric acid is pressed：The molar ratio of total metal ion is 3 in C:1, citric acid is weighed, is dissolved in deionized water and is made into lemon
Lemon aqueous acid；
C, aqueous citric acid solution is added drop-wise in C and prepares mixed solution D；
D, D is heated to 80 DEG C, stirs 4.6h, clear gel E is made；
E, E is taken out grinding and F is made in temperature 80 DEG C of dry 12h, the pre-burning 5h under 480 DEG C of air atmosphere；
F, F is moved into Muffle furnace, is warming up to 900 DEG C, calcine 12h, Li is made1.2Mn0.4Ni0.2Co0.2O2Powder；
Embodiment 3
A kind of dysprosium phosphate cladding lithium-rich anode material, including rich lithium material and the dysprosium phosphate for being coated on rich lithium material surface,
Preparation method includes the following steps：
S1, by molar ratio=1 of Dy and P:1.3 weigh DyCl3And NH4H2PO4Aqueous solution, by DyCl3It is dissolved in deionized water
Middle wiring solution-forming A；
S2, by NH4H2PO4Aqueous solution is instilled in A and is stirred continuously, by lithium-rich anode material and dysprosium phosphate clad quality
Than being 100：1.3 add lithium-rich anode material, are heated to 60 DEG C, stir 5h with the speed sealing magnetic of 200r/min, stand 13h, warp
Be filtered, washed, dry after slightly grind be made B；
S3, by B, 300 DEG C of roasting 5h, the lithium-rich anode material of obtained 1.3wt% dysprosium phosphates cladding are marked under protection of argon gas
It is denoted as DyPO4-3。
Wherein, lithium-rich anode material is prepared using following technique in S2：
A, Li is pressed:Mn:Ni:The molar ratio of Co is 1.2:0.4:0.2:0.2 weighs LiCOOCH3·2H2O、 Mn
(COOCH3)2、Ni(COOCH3)2·4H2O、Co(COOCH3)2·4H2O is dissolved in deionized water, is made into mixing salt solution C；
B, citric acid is pressed：The molar ratio of total metal ion is 3.2 in C:1, citric acid is weighed, is dissolved in deionized water and being made into
Aqueous citric acid solution；
C, aqueous citric acid solution is added drop-wise in C and prepares mixed solution D；
D, D is heated to 75 DEG C, stirs 5h, clear gel E is made；
E, by E in 75 DEG C of dry 12.5h of temperature, then the pre-burning 6h under the air atmosphere of 475 DEG C of temperature, it takes out grinding and is made
F；
F, F is moved into Muffle furnace, is warming up to 895 DEG C, calcine 13h, Li is made1.2Mn0.4Ni0.2Co0.2O2Powder；
Embodiment 4
A kind of dysprosium phosphate cladding lithium-rich anode material, including rich lithium material and the dysprosium phosphate for being coated on rich lithium material surface,
Preparation method includes the following steps：
S1, by molar ratio=1 of Dy and P:1.5 weigh DyCl3And NH4H2PO4Aqueous solution, by DyCl3It is dissolved in deionized water
Middle wiring solution-forming A；
S2, by NH4H2PO4Aqueous solution is instilled in A and is stirred continuously, by lithium-rich anode material and dysprosium phosphate clad quality
Than being 100：1.7 are added lithium-rich anode material, are heated to 100 DEG C, stir 3h with the speed sealing magnetic of 300r/min, stand 11h,
B is made in slight grinding after filtration, washing and drying；
S3, B is moved into the lower 600 DEG C of roastings 3h of argon gas flox condition in tube furnace, the richness of 1.7wt% dysprosium phosphate claddings is made
Lithium anode material is labeled as DyPO4-4。
Wherein, lithium-rich anode material is prepared using following technique in S2：
A, Li is pressed:Mn:Ni:The molar ratio of Co is 1.4:0.45:0.25:0.25 weighs LiCOOCH3·2H2O、 Mn
(COOCH3)2、Ni(COOCH3)2·4H2O、Co(COOCH3)2·4H2O is dissolved in deionized water, is made into mixing salt solution C；
B, citric acid is pressed：The molar ratio of total metal ion is 3.5 in C:1, citric acid is weighed, is dissolved in deionized water and being made into
Aqueous citric acid solution；
C, aqueous citric acid solution is added drop-wise in C and prepares mixed solution D；
D, D is heated to 85 DEG C, stirs 3h, clear gel E is made；
E, by E in 85 DEG C of dry 11.5h of temperature, then the pre-burning 4h under the air atmosphere of 485 DEG C of temperature, it takes out grinding and is made
F；
F, F is moved into Muffle furnace, is warming up to 905 DEG C, calcine 11h, Li is made1.2Mn0.4Ni0.2Co0.2O2Powder；
DyPO made from pure rich lithium material LMNCO, embodiment 14- 1 and embodiment 2 made from DyPO4- 2 XRD, SEM
As shown in Figure 1, 2, 3 with TEM results difference, dysprosium phosphate prepared by test result display can be coated on lithium-rich anode material completely
The surfaces LMNCO.Electrochemical property test is carried out using 2032 button cells, according to active material：Carbon black：Poly- (vinylidene fluoride)
It is 75:15:10 mass ratio is dissolved in N methyl pyrrolidones, is uniformly applied on aluminium foil, and anode is made in 120 DEG C of dryings for 24 hours
Piece, cathode are lithium piece, and diaphragm is Celgard 2400, and electrolyte is that 1M LiPF6 are dissolved in EC/DMC/DEC (1:1: 1in
Wt.%), the assembling process of battery is completed in glove box, and the charge-discharge test of battery carries out on new prestige CT-3008.Material
First charge-discharge curve, cycle performance and high rate performance distinguish shown in following Fig. 4,5,6, surface coats lithium-rich anode material
DyPO4- 1 and DyPO4- 2 chemical property, high rate performance and the cycle performance than uncoated positive electrode LMNCO, which has, significantly to be carried
It is high.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of dysprosium phosphate coats lithium-rich anode material, which is characterized in that including lithium-rich anode material and be coated on lithium-rich anode
The dysprosium phosphate of material surface.
2. dysprosium phosphate coats lithium-rich anode material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the chemical formula of lithium-rich anode material
For Li1.2Mn0.4Ni0.2Co0.2O2。
3. dysprosium phosphate according to claim 1 or claim 2 coats lithium-rich anode material, which is characterized in that its structure is stratiform α-
NaFeO2The space group of structure, stratiform is
4. coating lithium-rich anode material according to any one of the claim 1-3 dysprosium phosphates, which is characterized in that coated with dysprosium phosphate
On the basis of lithium-rich anode material, the mass percent of dysprosium phosphate is 1-2%.
5. one kind dysprosium phosphate as described in claim any one of 1-4 coats lithium-rich anode material preparation method, which is characterized in that packet
Include following steps：
S1, by molar ratio=1 of Dy and P:1-1.5 weighs DyCl3And NH4H2PO4Aqueous solution, by DyCl3It is dissolved in deionized water
Wiring solution-forming A；
S2, by NH4H2PO4Aqueous solution is instilled in A and is stirred continuously, and adds lithium-rich anode material, is heated to 60-100 DEG C, close
Envelope stirring 3-5h, stands 11-13h, and B is made through being filtered, washed, drying, grind；
S3, B is roasted into 3-5h for 300-600 DEG C under protective atmosphere, the lithium-rich anode material of dysprosium phosphate cladding is made.
6. dysprosium phosphate coats lithium-rich anode material preparation method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that mixing speed in S2
For 200-300r/min, preferably 260r/min.
7. coating lithium-rich anode material preparation method according to the dysprosium phosphate of claim 5 or 6, which is characterized in that rich lithium in S2
Positive electrode is prepared using following technique：
A, Li is pressed:Mn:Ni:The molar ratio of Co is 1.2-1.4:0.4-0.45:0.2-0.25:0.2-0.25 weighs LiCOOCH3·
2H2O、Mn(COOCH3)2、Ni(COOCH3)2·4H2O、Co(COOCH3)2·4H2O is dissolved in deionized water, and it is molten to be made into salt-mixture
Liquid C；
B, citric acid is pressed：The molar ratio of total metal ion is 3-3.5 in C:1 weighs citric acid, is dissolved in deionized water and is made into lemon
Lemon aqueous acid；
C, aqueous citric acid solution is added drop-wise in C and prepares mixed solution D；
D, D is heated to 75-85 DEG C, stirs 3-5h, clear gel E is made；
E, by E in 75-85 DEG C of dry 11.5-12.5h of temperature, then the pre-burning 4-6h under the air atmosphere of 475-485 DEG C of temperature, it takes
Go out grinding and F is made；
F, by F in Muffle furnace, it is warming up to 895-905 DEG C, calcines 11-13h, Li is made1.2Mn0.4Ni0.2Co0.2O2Powder.
8. coating lithium-rich anode material preparation method according to any one of the claim 5-7 dysprosium phosphates, which is characterized in that in S2
In washing process, deionized water, absolute ethyl alcohol centrifugal elutriation are used successively, repeat to rinse 3 times.
9. coating lithium-rich anode material preparation method according to any one of the claim 5-8 dysprosium phosphates, which is characterized in that in S3
Protective atmosphere is high-purity argon gas.
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| CN113948707A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-01-18 | 中南大学 | Cerium pyrophosphate coated modified lithium ion battery ternary cathode material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN113948707B (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2023-10-31 | 中南大学 | Cerium pyrophosphate coated modified ternary positive electrode material of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20180724 |