CN108320805A - A kind of public's air pollution exposure measurement index calculation method - Google Patents
A kind of public's air pollution exposure measurement index calculation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of public's air pollution exposures to measure index calculation method, builds air pollution exposure separate index number rank and corresponding pollutant project reconditioning limit value look-up table first；Secondly, individual air Pollution exposure dosage in real time is calculated according to pneumotachograph during individual actual activity place pollutant concentration, whose body weight, activity time and activity, and each pollutant project exposure separate index number is calculated according to exposure separate index number computational methods；Finally, select each pollutant project maximum exposure risk separate index number as air pollution exposure suffered by the time range individual.This, which is current air mass index, can not reflect that individual air Pollution exposure is horizontal, single reconditioning can not be in the case of overall merit exposure, a kind of comprehensive public's air pollution exposure high, that the property of can refer to is strong of invention measures index, and air pollution exposure is effectively evaded as the public and provides reference proposition.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Environmental Health risk assessment field, more particularly to a kind of public's air pollution exposure measurement refers to
Number calculating method.
Background technology
Air pollution is as the maximum Environmental Health risk in the whole world, all the time not in the life for influencing the mankind.For fast
China under fast Urbanization, pollution situation are then more severe.According to World Health Organization China every year because of air pollution
Death toll is 103.28 ten thousand people, and service life year loss is 23,050,000 years caused by it, occupies first place in the world, is the U.S. respectively
27 times and 29 times.Meanwhile world's Disease Spectrum tissue is pointed out, air pollution the whole world be the 7th lethal factor, and China then
Rise is the 4th.
Country puts into effect within 1996《Air quality standard》(GB3095-1996) and propose air pollution index (API,
Air Pollution Index) by sulfur dioxide (SO2), overall suspended pellet (TSP, Total Suspended
Particulate), pellet (PM10), nitrogen oxides (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), lead (Pb), fluorine
10 kinds of pollutants such as compound (F) are included in prescribed limit, 2012 appearances《Air quality standard》(GB3095-2012) sky is proposed
Makings volume index (AQI, Air Quality Index), while air pollutants project is revised as sulfur dioxide (SO2), two
Nitrogen oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), pellet (PM10) and fine particle (PM2.5) totally 6 kinds of pollutants
Project.However, although to propose a kind of single conceptual exponent pair multiple pollutant strong to human body by either API or AQI
Health influence has carried out normalized expression, but the health effect of air pollution on human is that air pollution environmental concentration and individual are sudden and violent
The flat concentrated expression of dew does not consider that API the or AQI indexes of individual exposure situation can not deeply disclose air pollution to different
The otherness of body influences, and it is even more impossible to meet the related request of Health Risk Management.
2017, Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection put into effect《Environmental contaminants crowd's exposure assessment technical manual》(HJ875-2017), it steps
The essential step changed from environmental management to Environmental Health risk management, and space-time consistency principle is former as primary assessment
It is then included in guide, but only the estimation of Single Pollution object average daily doses is made that in the guide and is distinctly claimed, fails to carry
Go out a kind of normalization exponent pair its health risk progress quantitative expression for taking multiple pollutant into account.Therefore, it is exposed using pollutant
A kind of short-term health risk of unicity concept exponent pair air pollution of dose construction carries out evaluation, can more accurately reflect
Individual air Pollution exposure is horizontal, and air pollution exposure is effectively evaded for the public and provides reference proposition.
Invention content
In order to accurately and timely disclose air pollution exposure, to formulate scientific and effective prevention and control measure, the present invention carries
For a kind of evaluation method that can efficiently, quickly and accurately obtain individual air Pollution exposure risk.
In order to achieve the above technical purposes, the technical scheme is that,
A kind of public's air pollution exposure measurement index calculation method, includes the following steps：
Step 1：According to air quality index, setting air Pollution exposure risk separate index number value range is simultaneously classified,
The concentration limit of variant pollutant under different classifications is extracted, then combines crowd's exposure parameter to calculate air pollution exposures at different levels
Each pollutant project reconditioning limit value under risk separate index number, obtains air pollution exposure separate index number look-up table；
Step 2：Obtain the air pollution concentration and exposure parameter of individual position；
Step 3：According to the data of step 2, individual demasking agent magnitude is calculated；
Step 4：According to step 1 and step 3 as a result, calculate individual exposure separate index number, and take each pollution project point
Index maximum value is the period individual air Pollution exposure value-at-risk.
The method, step 1 include the following steps：
Step 1)：Air pollution exposure separate index number value range is set as 0~10 according to air quality index, and
It is classified as 7 grades, respectively 0~1,1~2,2~3,3~4,4~6,6~8,8~10；
Step 2)：Extraction step 1) Air Contamination exposure separate index number corresponds to pollutant project hour concentration limit value,
It is denoted as C respectivelyP_i, wherein P represents pollutant project, and i represents separate index number value；
Step 3)：It calculates each air pollution exposure separate index number and corresponds to pollutant project reconditioning limit value, calculate public
Formula is as follows：
Wherein Dp_iRepresent pollutant P exposure separate index number as i when reconditioning limit value, CP_iExist for pollutant P
Concentration limit when exposure separate index number is i, IR are that individual sits quietly and breathes speed under state in the investigation of Chinese population exposure parameter
Rate average value, ET are exposure duration, and BW is whose body weight average value in the investigation of Chinese population exposure parameter；Under comprehensive different classifications
Each pollutant project as a result, obtaining air pollution exposure separate index number look-up table.
The method, pollutant project include sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, pellet
And fine particle.
The method obtains the air pollution concentration of individual position in step 2, is to hold air dirt by individual
It contaminates concentration monitoring device and carries out each pollutant project concentration monitor, if individual does not hold air pollutant concentration monitoring device,
Using state environmental monitoring station data simulated air pollutant concentration, and extract each pollutant project concentration in individual position
Value, air pollutant concentration are simulated using ordinary kriging interpolation method, and analogy method is as follows：
Wherein,It is individual position point (x0,y0) estimated value, i.e.,εiIt is weight coefficient, and
Meet point (x simultaneously0,y0) at estimated valueWith actual value z0The minimum a set of optimal coefficient of difference,Indicate weight system
Number εiMinimum value,Indicate estimated valueWith actual value z0Difference variance yields：
With the condition of unbiased esti-mator, i.e. estimated valueWith actual value z0Difference be desired for 0：
Exposure parameter in step 2 includes respiratory rate, individual each motion state duration and whose body weight, wherein exhaling
The measurable respiratory rate wearable device acquisition of rate and each motion state duration by individual wearing is inhaled, if individual is not
It wears and can measure respiratory rate wearable device, then by individual gender, age and motion state, it is sudden and violent to search Chinese population
Dew parameter corresponds to respiratory rate value and carries out respiratory rate matching；Individual each motion state duration and whose body weight are remembered by individual
Record.
The method, the data of the foundation step 2 described in step 3 calculate each pollutant project individual reconditioning
Value, includes the following steps：
According to obtained each pollutant project concentration and exposure parameter value in step 3, each pollutant is calculated according to formula
Project individual demasking agent magnitude, formula are as follows：
In formula, DpThe reconditioning of pollutant P is exposed to for individual；CpFor the mass concentration value of pollution project P；IRiIt is a
Body respiratory rate；ETiFor each motion state duration；BW is whose body weight.
The method, described in step 4 according to step 1 and step 3 as a result, calculate individual exposure separate index number,
And it is the period individual air Pollution exposure value-at-risk to take each pollution project separate index number maximum value, is included the following steps：
Step (1)：Pollution risk separate index number value of the individual in air pollution project P is calculated, calculation formula is as follows：
In formula：IAERIpRepresent the air exposure risk separate index number of pollutant project P；DpRepresent the individual calculated in step 4
It is exposed to the demasking agent magnitude of pollution project P；DHRepresent in look-up table with DpSimilar pollutant reconditioning high-value；DLGeneration
In table search table with DpSimilar pollutant reconditioning low-value；IAERIHRepresent in look-up table with DHCorresponding air exposure
Risk separate index number；IAERILRepresent in look-up table with DLCorresponding air exposure risk separate index number.
Step (2)：According to step (1) as a result, obtain 6 kinds of pollutant separate index number values, the maximum value of separate index number value is taken to be
Individual air pollution value-at-risk, formula suffered by the period is as follows：
In formula, AERI represents air pollution exposure value, IAERIso2Represent the SO calculated in step (1)2Air pollution
Separate index number, IAERINO2Represent the NO calculated in step (1)2Air pollution separate index number, IAERICORepresent calculating in step (1)
CO air pollution separate index numbers, IAERIO3Represent the O calculated in step (1)3Air pollution separate index number, IAERIPM10Represent step
(1) PM calculated in10Air pollution separate index number, IAERIPM2.5Represent the PM calculated in step (1)2.5Air pollution separate index number.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention includes the following steps：
Step 1：Build air pollution exposure separate index number look-up table；
Step 2：Obtain individual air position air pollution concentration and exposure parameter；
Step 3：According to the data of step 2, individual demasking agent magnitude is calculated；
Step 4：According to step 1 and step 3 as a result, calculate individual exposure separate index number, and take each pollution project point
Index maximum value is the period individual air Pollution exposure value-at-risk.
1, air pollution exposure separate index number look-up table is built
The structure air pollution exposure separate index number look-up table that the present invention uses, includes the following steps：
Step 1)：Reference《Ambient air quality index (AQI) technical stipulation (tentative)》(HJ633-2012) hollow makings
Air pollution exposure separate index number value range is set as 0~10 by amount separate index number hierarchy plan, and is classified as 7 grades, point
It Wei 0~1,1~2,2~3,3~4,4~6,6~8,8~10.
Step 2)：Extraction step 1) Air Contamination exposure separate index number corresponds to pollutant project hour concentration limit value,
It is denoted as C respectivelyP_i, wherein P represents pollutant project, and i represents separate index number value.
Step 3)：According to《Environmental contaminants crowd's exposure assessment technical manual》(HJ875-2017) each air pollution is calculated
Exposure separate index number corresponds to pollutant project reconditioning limit value, and calculation formula is as follows：
D in formulap_iRepresent pollutant P exposure separate index number as i when reconditioning limit value, CP_iExist for pollutant P
Concentration limit when exposure separate index number is i, IR are that individual sits quietly and breathes speed under state in the investigation of Chinese population exposure parameter
Rate average value, value 6.65L/min, ET are exposure duration, and value 1hour, BW are individual in the investigation of Chinese population exposure parameter
Weight averages, value 61.96kg.
Step 4)：Air pollution exposure separate index number look-up table is obtained according to step 3)：
2, individual position air pollution concentration and exposure parameter are obtained
The acquisition individual position air pollution concentration and exposure parameter that the present invention uses, include the following steps：
Step 1)：If individual holds air pollution concentration monitoring device, then each pollution items are read respectively by monitoring device
Mesh concentration, is denoted as C respectivelyp, 1min is divided between data read time.
Step 2)：If individual does not hold air pollutant concentration monitoring device, state environmental monitoring station data is used
Simulated air pollutant concentration, and each pollutant project concentration value in individual position is extracted, it is denoted as C respectivelyp, when digital independent
Between between be divided into 1min, air pollutant concentration is simulated using ordinary kriging interpolation method, and analogy method is as follows：
WhereinIt is individual position point (x0,y0) estimated value, i.e.,εiIt is weight coefficient, and same
When meet point (x0,y0) at estimated valueWith actual value z0The minimum a set of optimal coefficient of difference,Indicate weight coefficient
εiMinimum value,Indicate estimated valueWith actual value z0Difference variance yields：
With the condition of unbiased esti-mator, i.e. estimated valueWith actual value z0Difference be desired for 0：
Step 3)：If individual has wearing to can measure respiratory rate wearable device, which is read by wearable device and is exhaled
Rate is inhaled, IR is denoted as, 1min is divided between data read time.
Step 4)：If individual do not wear measurable respiratory rate wearable device, by individual gender, the age and
Motion state searches Chinese population exposure parameter and corresponds to the progress respiratory rate matching of respiratory rate value, is denoted as IRi, look-up table is such as
Under：
Step 5)：Recording individual each motion state duration is denoted as ET respectivelyiAnd whose body weight is denoted as BW respectively.
The data of foundation step 2 described in step 3 calculate each pollutant project individual demasking agent magnitude, including following
Step：
Step 1)：According to obtained each pollutant project concentration and exposure parameter value in step 3, calculated according to formula each
Pollutant project individual demasking agent magnitude, formula are as follows：
In formula, DpThe reconditioning of pollutant P is exposed to for individual；CpFor the quality of the pollution project P obtained in step 2
Concentration value；IRiFor the individual respiratory rate obtained in step 2；ETiFor the exposure duration obtained in step 2；BW is to be obtained in step 2
The whose body weight taken.
Individual exposure separate index number is calculated, and it is period individual air dirt to take each pollution project separate index number maximum value
Exposure value is contaminated, is included the following steps：
Step 1)：Pollution risk separate index number value of the individual in air pollution project P is calculated, calculation formula is as follows：
In formula：IAERIpRepresent the air exposure risk separate index number of pollutant project P；DpRepresent the individual calculated in step 4
It is exposed to the demasking agent magnitude of pollution project P；DHRepresent in step 1 look-up table with DpSimilar pollutant reconditioning high-value；
DLRepresent in step 1 look-up table with DpSimilar pollutant reconditioning low-value；IAERIHRepresent in step 1 look-up table with DH
Corresponding air exposure risk separate index number；IAERILRepresent in step 1 look-up table with DLCorresponding air exposure risk separate index number.
Step 2)：According to step 1) as a result, pollutant separate index number value in obtaining 6, taking the maximum value of separate index number value to be should
Individual air pollution value-at-risk, formula suffered by the period is as follows：
In formula, AERI represents air pollution exposure value, IAERIso2Represent the SO calculated in step 1)2Air pollution
Separate index number, IAERINO2Represent the NO calculated in step 1)2Air pollution separate index number, IAERICORepresent the CO calculated in step 1)
Air pollution separate index number, IAERIO3Represent the O calculated in step 1)3Air pollution separate index number, IAERIPM10It represents in step 1)
The PM of calculating10Air pollution separate index number, IAERIPM2.5Represent the PM calculated in step 1)2.5Air pollution separate index number.
Here is to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in conjunction with the detailed description of attached drawing progress.
1, air pollution exposure separate index number look-up table is built
First, reference《Ambient air quality index (AQI) technical stipulation (tentative)》(HJ633-2012) air quality in
Air pollution exposure separate index number value range is set as 0~10 by separate index number hierarchy plan, and is classified as 7 grades, respectively
It is 0~1,1~2,2~3,3~4,4~6,6~8,8~10.
Then, according to《Environmental contaminants crowd's exposure assessment technical manual》(HJ875-2017) it is sudden and violent to calculate each air pollution
Dangerous separate index number of divulging a secret corresponds to pollutant project reconditioning limit value, obtains air pollution exposure separate index number look-up table；
2, individual air position air pollution concentration and exposure parameter are obtained
State environmental monitoring point data is obtained first, then by station data simulated air pollutant concentration, and is extracted
The individual each pollutant project concentration value in position, is denoted as C respectivelyp, 1min is divided between data read time, and air pollutants are dense
Degree is simulated using ordinary kriging interpolation method, and analogy method is as follows：
WhereinIt is individual position point (x0,y0) estimated value, i.e.,εiIt is weight coefficient, and same
When meet point (x0,y0) at estimated valueWith actual value z0The minimum a set of optimal coefficient of difference,Indicate weight coefficient
εiMinimum value,Indicate estimated valueWith actual value z0Difference variance yields：
With the condition of unbiased esti-mator, i.e. estimated valueWith actual value z0Difference be desired for 0：
3, each pollutant project individual demasking agent magnitude is calculated
According to the obtained each pollutant project concentration of above-mentioned steps and exposure parameter value, each pollutant is calculated according to formula
Project individual demasking agent magnitude, formula are as follows：
In formula, DpThe reconditioning of pollutant P is exposed to for individual；CpFor the quality of the pollution project P obtained in step 3
Concentration value；IR is the individual respiratory rate obtained in step 3；ET is the exposure hourage obtained in step 3；BW is in step 3
The whose body weight of acquisition.
4, individual exposure separate index number is calculated, and it is the period individual air to take each pollution project separate index number maximum value
Pollution exposure value-at-risk.
Pollution risk separate index number value of the individual in air pollution project P is calculated, calculation formula is as follows：
In formula：IAERIpRepresent the air exposure risk separate index number of pollutant project P；DpRepresent the individual calculated in step 4
It is exposed to the demasking agent magnitude of pollution project P；DHRepresent in step 1 look-up table with DpSimilar pollutant reconditioning high-value；
DLRepresent in step 1 look-up table with DpSimilar pollutant reconditioning low-value；IAERIHRepresent in step 1 look-up table with DH
Corresponding air exposure risk separate index number；IAERILRepresent in step 1 look-up table with DLCorresponding air exposure risk separate index number.
Step 2)：According to step 1) as a result, pollutant separate index number value in obtaining 6, taking the maximum value of separate index number value to be should
Individual air pollution value-at-risk, formula suffered by the period is as follows：
In formula, AERI represents air pollution exposure value, IAERIso2Represent the SO calculated in step 1)2Air pollution
Separate index number, IAERINO2Represent the NO calculated in step 1)2Air pollution separate index number, IAERICORepresent the CO calculated in step 1)
Air pollution separate index number, IAERIO3Represent the O calculated in step 1)3Air pollution separate index number, IAERIPM10It represents in step 1)
The PM of calculating10Air pollution separate index number, IAERIPM2.5Represent the PM calculated in step 1)2.5Air pollution separate index number.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of public's air pollution exposure measures index calculation method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step 1：According to air quality index, setting air Pollution exposure risk separate index number value range is simultaneously classified, extraction
The concentration limit of variant pollutant under difference classification, then combine crowd's exposure parameter to calculate air pollution exposures at different levels
Each pollutant project reconditioning limit value under separate index number, obtains air pollution exposure separate index number look-up table；
Step 2：Obtain the air pollution concentration and exposure parameter of individual position；
Step 3：According to the data of step 2, individual demasking agent magnitude is calculated；
Step 4：According to step 1 and step 3 as a result, calculate individual exposure separate index number, and take each pollution project separate index number
Maximum value is the period individual air Pollution exposure value-at-risk.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step 1 includes the following steps：
Step 1)：Air pollution exposure separate index number value range is set as 0~10 according to air quality index, and by its
It is divided into 7 grades, respectively 0~1,1~2,2~3,3~4,4~6,6~8,8~10；
Step 2)：Extraction step 1) Air Contamination exposure separate index number corresponds to pollutant project hour concentration limit value, respectively
It is denoted as CP_i, wherein P represents pollutant project, and i represents separate index number value；
Step 3)：It calculates each air pollution exposure separate index number and corresponds to pollutant project reconditioning limit value, calculation formula is such as
Under：
Wherein Dp_iRepresent pollutant P exposure separate index number as i when reconditioning limit value, CP_iIt is pollutant P in exposure
Concentration limit when risk separate index number is i, IR are that individual respiratory rate under state of sitting quietly is flat in the investigation of Chinese population exposure parameter
Mean value, ET are exposure duration, and BW is whose body weight average value in the investigation of Chinese population exposure parameter；It is each under comprehensive different classifications
Pollutant project is as a result, obtain air pollution exposure separate index number look-up table.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, pollutant project includes sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, an oxygen
Change carbon, ozone, pellet and fine particle.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the air pollution for obtaining individual position in step 2 is dense
Degree is to hold air pollution concentration monitoring device by individual to carry out each pollutant project concentration monitor, if individual does not hold sky
Gas pollutant concentration monitoring device then uses state environmental monitoring station data simulated air pollutant concentration, and extracts individual
Each pollutant project concentration value in position, air pollutant concentration are simulated using ordinary kriging interpolation method, simulation side
Method is as follows：
Wherein,It is individual position point (x0,y0) estimated value, i.e.,εiIt is weight coefficient, and simultaneously
Meet point (x0,y0) at estimated valueWith actual value z0The minimum a set of optimal coefficient of difference,Indicate weight coefficient εi
Minimum value,Indicate estimated valueWith actual value z0Difference variance yields：
With the condition of unbiased esti-mator, i.e. estimated valueWith actual value z0Difference be desired for 0：
Exposure parameter in step 2 includes respiratory rate, individual each motion state duration and whose body weight, wherein breathing speed
Rate and each motion state duration are obtained by the measurable respiratory rate wearable device that individual is worn, if individual is not worn
Respiratory rate wearable device is can measure, then by individual gender, age and motion state, searches Chinese population exposure ginseng
The corresponding respiratory rate value of number carries out respiratory rate matching；Individual each motion state duration and whose body weight are by individual record.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the data of the foundation step 2 described in step 3, calculate each
Pollutant project individual demasking agent magnitude, includes the following steps：
According to obtained each pollutant project concentration and exposure parameter value in step 3, each pollutant project is calculated according to formula
Individual demasking agent magnitude, formula are as follows：
In formula, DpThe reconditioning of pollutant P is exposed to for individual；CpFor the mass concentration value of pollution project P；IRiIt is exhaled for individual
Inhale rate；ETiFor each motion state duration；BW is whose body weight.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described in step 4 according to step 1 and step 3 as a result, meter
Individual exposure separate index number is calculated, and it is the period individual air Pollution exposure risk to take each pollution project separate index number maximum value
Value, includes the following steps：
Step (1)：Pollution risk separate index number value of the individual in air pollution project P is calculated, calculation formula is as follows：
In formula：IAERIpRepresent the air exposure risk separate index number of pollutant project P；DpRepresent the individual exposure calculated in step 4
In the demasking agent magnitude of pollution project P；DHRepresent in look-up table with DpSimilar pollutant reconditioning high-value；DLRepresentative is looked into
Look in table with DpSimilar pollutant reconditioning low-value；IAERIHRepresent in look-up table with DHCorresponding air exposure risk
Separate index number；IAERILRepresent in look-up table with DLCorresponding air exposure risk separate index number.
Step (2)：According to step (1) as a result, obtaining 6 kinds of pollutant separate index number values, it is this to take the maximum value of separate index number value
Body air pollution value-at-risk, formula suffered by the period is as follows：
In formula, AERI represents air pollution exposure value, IAERIso2Represent the SO calculated in step (1)2Air pollution point refers to
Number, IAERINO2Represent the NO calculated in step (1)2Air pollution separate index number, IAERICOIt is empty to represent the CO calculated in step (1)
Gas pollutes separate index number, IAERIO3Represent the O calculated in step (1)3Air pollution separate index number, IAERIPM10It represents in step (1)
The PM of calculating10Air pollution separate index number, IAERIPM2.5Represent the PM calculated in step (1)2.5Air pollution separate index number.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109524116A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-03-26 | 深圳大学 | The inhalable fine particle exposure appraisal procedure of bus trip individual |
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| CN113990508A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-01-28 | 中山大学 | Individual air pollution exposure accurate evaluation method based on mobile phone APP |
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Application publication date: 20180724 |