CN108318629B - Device for measuring heavy metal flux in atmospheric sedimentation by using sediments - Google Patents
Device for measuring heavy metal flux in atmospheric sedimentation by using sediments Download PDFInfo
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- CN108318629B CN108318629B CN201810112041.8A CN201810112041A CN108318629B CN 108318629 B CN108318629 B CN 108318629B CN 201810112041 A CN201810112041 A CN 201810112041A CN 108318629 B CN108318629 B CN 108318629B
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Abstract
The invention provides a device for measuring the heavy metal flux in atmospheric sedimentation by using sediments, which comprises: the seawater sedimentation device is used for placing seawater, the sedimentation column is vertically placed, the upper end of the sedimentation column is open, the lower end of the sedimentation column is connected with the detachable bottom cover for plugging, a sedimentation phase, a seawater phase and an air phase are sequentially arranged in the sedimentation column from bottom to top, the seawater phase of the sedimentation column is sequentially communicated, the sedimentation column arranged in the first position and the sedimentation column arranged in the last position are all communicated with the seawater sedimentation column, and the water pump drives water flow to circulate. The invention can effectively eliminate the change of the background value and the deposition type of the heavy metal and the disturbance of human activities, so that the measurement result can visually reflect the heavy metal which is stored in the deposits and is from the atmospheric sedimentation every month.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of environment, in particular to a device for measuring heavy metal flux in atmospheric sedimentation by using sediments.
Background
With the development of economy and social progress, air pollution has become the most important environmental problem in China. The main threat of atmospheric pollution to ecology and human health comes from chemical pollution exposed to the atmosphere, and among the various pollutants of air pollution, heavy metals are the most important species because they are bioaccumulating and cause irreversible damage to the circulatory system and nervous system of living bodies.
In the north, the variable characteristics of the flux of heavy metals in the atmosphere brought about by coal-fired heating and the like have recently attracted particular attention, the content of heavy metals that settle into the ocean every year and further remain in the sediments being as high as several tons, however the settling flux of these heavy metals in the sediments often cannot be accurately measured.
At present, the research of heavy metal measurement is carried out on sediments under alpine lakes in China, and the alpine lakes are far away from dense population areas, are slightly influenced by human activities, are not polluted by runoff, and can be relatively close to the heavy metal flux in actual atmospheric sedimentation. However, the judgment of the heavy metal deposition background value is not accurate, the change of the deposition type of the deposition is not considered, the disturbance of human activities is not completely eliminated, and the research may cause the judgment value to be too high.
In addition, the flux of heavy metal in the atmosphere can be directly measured by an instrument, but the driving effect of the flowing atmosphere on the heavy metal is not considered, and the sedimentation flux of the heavy metal in the place or the ocean cannot be directly judged.
In order to accurately measure the heavy metal flux of atmospheric sedimentation in a densely populated area without the natural environmental characteristics of mountains and lakes, a device for measuring the heavy metal flux of atmospheric sedimentation by using sediments needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device for measuring heavy metal flux in atmospheric sedimentation by using sediments.
An apparatus for measuring the flux of heavy metals settled in the atmosphere by using sediments, comprising: the device comprises a seawater storage device, a water pump and a plurality of sedimentation columns which are arranged in a row, wherein the seawater storage device is used for holding seawater; the water pump is arranged on a pipeline between the seawater storage device and the sedimentation column; the sedimentation column is vertically placed, the upper end of the sedimentation column is open, the lower end of the sedimentation column is connected with a detachable bottom cover for plugging, a sedimentation phase, a seawater phase and an air phase are sequentially arranged in the sedimentation column from bottom to top, the seawater phases of the sedimentation column are sequentially communicated, and the sedimentation column arranged at the first position and the sedimentation column arranged at the last position are communicated with a seawater storage device.
In certain embodiments, the sedimentary phase is clay having a particle size of 0.001 to 0.004 mm.
In some embodiments, the height of the dephase ranges from 30 to 40 cm.
In certain embodiments, the sedimentary column height is 1m and the seawater phase height is 30 cm.
In certain embodiments, the number of deposition pillars is 12.
In certain embodiments, the communication location of the settling legs is located in the middle of the seawater phase.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the heavy metal flux in the sedimentary phase and the seawater phase can be measured in advance, so that the heavy metal background value can be effectively eliminated; the clay with the sedimentary phase with the particle size of 0.001-0.004 mm is selected, so that disturbance to heavy metal flux caused by the change of the sedimentary type can be avoided; the method of selecting and using the indoor experiment can effectively isolate the interference of heavy metals in the water body caused by sewage runoff and human activities, and accurately determine the heavy metal flux of atmospheric sedimentation.
(2) The method for isolating seawater from sediments can isolate atmospheric flow and disturbance of external environment to the maximum extent, protect sediments well, and enable the measurement result to accurately reflect the real numerical value of heavy metal from atmospheric sedimentation in the area. The measured result of the invention is combined with the measured result of the sedimentation column in the sea of the land frame, so that the disturbance of atmospheric sedimentation can be directly stripped, and the numerical value of the heavy metal pollutants flowing into the sea of the river can be obtained.
(3) The deposition phase not only contains heavy metals settled in the atmosphere, but also contains other settled substances, wherein the non-degraded substances can also be measured by the method, so the method can be used for measuring the settlement of the heavy metals, the settlement of the non-degraded substances such as micro plastics in the atmosphere and the like, and has wide application range.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus provided in some embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
An apparatus for measuring the flux of heavy metals settled in the atmosphere by using sediment, as shown in figure 1, comprises: sea water storage device 1, water pump 11 and the sedimentation column 2 that a plurality of is arranged in a word, sea water storage device 1 is used for placing the sea water, sedimentation column 2 is vertical to be placed, 2 upper ends of sedimentation column are uncovered, 2 lower extremes of sedimentation column connect detachable bottom 24 and carry out the shutoff, sediment looks 23, sea water looks 22 and air phase 21 set gradually by supreme down in the sedimentation column 2, communicate in proper order between the sea water looks 22 of sedimentation column 2, arrange that the sedimentation column 2 that is located the first and last sedimentation column 2 all communicate with sea water storage device 1, water pump 11 is used for making the sea water circulation.
The invention measures the heavy metal flux of the atmosphere settlement, the heavy metals in the initial deposition phase 23 and the seawater phase 22 can be measured in advance, the background value of the heavy metals is considered, and the difference value with the experimental data is the heavy metals settled in the atmosphere afterwards.
Specifically, during the operation of the device, heavy metals in the atmosphere enter the seawater phase 22 from the air phase 21 through atmospheric sedimentation, part of heavy metals continue to move downwards to enter the sedimentary phase 23, and the total amount of heavy metals in the atmospheric sedimentation can be known by measuring the heavy metal flux in the seawater phase 22 and the sedimentary phase 23. The seawater phase 22 is arranged between the air phase 21 and the sedimentary phase 23, so that the atmospheric flow and the disturbance of the external environment can be isolated to the maximum extent, the sedimentary phase 23 can be better protected, and the measurement result can accurately reflect the real value of the heavy metal from the atmospheric sedimentation in the sediments in the area.
The invention can also eliminate the disturbance of natural sediments caused by human activities.
Specifically, the bottom cap 24 is snap-fitted to the lower end of the deposition column 2, and the sediment in the deposition phase 23 can be taken out for measurement by opening the bottom cap 24.
In one embodiment, the sedimentation columns 2 can be communicated through silicone tubes, a water pump 11 is arranged between the seawater storage device 1 and the sedimentation columns 2, seawater can circularly flow between the seawater storage device 1 and the sedimentation columns 2, and thus, seawater in the sedimentation columns 2 can simulate a naturally flowing seawater environment, and the water quality is prevented from deteriorating, so that the measurement result is prevented from being influenced.
In certain embodiments, the sedimentary phase 23 is a clay having a particle size of 0.001 to 0.004 mm. Various types of sediments exist in the sedimentary phase 23 in the nature, such as clay and silt, wherein the clay has strong heavy metal retaining capacity, and the silt and other sediments have weak heavy metal fixing capacity, in order to shield the disturbance of other types of sediments, the clay with the particle size of 0.001-0.004 mm is screened, the preparation method is that the mud-shaped sediments are screened, the clay with the particle size of 0.001-0.004 mm is placed into the sedimentary column 2, and the settling is carried out.
Therefore, the retention capacity of the clay to heavy metals enables the heavy metals to show a layering trend in the sedimentary phase 23 along with the change of time, the content of the heavy metals in the sedimentary phase 23 with different depths can be measured, and further research can be conveniently carried out.
In some embodiments, the height of the precipitated phase 23 is 30 to 40 cm. The height of the sediment on the surface layer of the nature is usually less than or equal to 30cm, and the height of the sediment is selected to be 30-40 cm in order to be close to the state of the sediment on the real surface layer.
In one example, the seawater phase 22 is 30cm, the air phase is 30cm, and the length of the deposition column 2 is 1 m. In this way, the apparatus is of a modest volume to facilitate the performance of the assay, and the height of the seawater phase 22 can simulate a shallow sea environment of 30cm depth.
In some embodiments, there are 12 deposition pillars 2. Therefore, one deposition column 2 can be taken down every month, the rest deposition columns 2 are communicated, the taken-down deposition columns 2 are measured, the heavy metal flux in the deposition column 2 until the deposition columns are taken down is obtained, and the heavy metal deposition flux in each month in one year can be obtained through difference calculation after the deposition columns 2 are taken down and measured successively.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (5)
1. An apparatus for measuring the flux of heavy metals settled in the atmosphere by using sediments, which is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a seawater storage device (1), a water pump (11) and a plurality of sedimentation columns (2) which are arranged in a straight line, wherein the seawater storage device (1) is used for placing seawater; the water pump (11) is arranged on a pipeline between the seawater storage device (1) and the sedimentation column (2); the sedimentation column (2) is vertically placed, the upper end of the sedimentation column (2) is open, the lower end of the sedimentation column (2) is connected with the detachable bottom cover (24) for plugging, a sedimentation phase (23), a seawater phase (22) and an air phase (21) are sequentially arranged in the sedimentation column (2) from bottom to top, the seawater phase (22) of the sedimentation column (2) is sequentially communicated, the sedimentation column (2) arranged at the first position and the sedimentation column (2) arranged at the last position are communicated with the seawater storage device (1), and the sedimentation phase (23) is clay with the particle size of 0.001-0.004 mm.
2. The device for measuring the atmospheric sedimentation heavy metal flux by using the sediment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the height of the sedimentary phase (23) is 30-40 cm.
3. The device for measuring the atmospheric sedimentation heavy metal flux by using the sediment according to claim 2, wherein the height of the sedimentation column (2) is 1m, and the height of the seawater phase (22) is 30 cm.
4. The device for measuring the atmospheric sedimentation heavy metal flux by using the sediment according to claim 1, wherein the number of the sedimentation columns (2) is 12.
5. The device for measuring the heavy metal flux of atmospheric sedimentation by using sediments according to claim 1, wherein the communication position of the sedimentation column (2) is positioned in the middle of the seawater phase (22).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810112041.8A CN108318629B (en) | 2018-02-05 | 2018-02-05 | Device for measuring heavy metal flux in atmospheric sedimentation by using sediments |
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| CN201810112041.8A CN108318629B (en) | 2018-02-05 | 2018-02-05 | Device for measuring heavy metal flux in atmospheric sedimentation by using sediments |
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| CN108318629B true CN108318629B (en) | 2021-03-09 |
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| CN109100471A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-28 | 贵州省分析测试研究院 | A kind of device and its monitoring method of moss position monitor heavy metal atmospheric sedimentation amount |
| CN110286004A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-09-27 | 叶建锋 | The acquisition method and device of a kind of micro- plastics sedimentation of atmosphere for different height |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0466187A (en) * | 1990-07-03 | 1992-03-02 | Jgc Corp | Treatment of waste water containing heavy metal and organic matter |
| CN103175713A (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2013-06-26 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Sample collecting and extracting method applicable to heavy metal analysis in atmospheric dry-wet deposition |
| CN104181013A (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2014-12-03 | 四川农业大学 | Atmospheric dry deposition simple collection device |
| CN107642064A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2018-01-30 | 北京中科乾和环保科技服务有限公司 | A kind of undisturbed sediment, overlying water synchronous acquisition and analogy method |
| CN107655961A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-02-02 | 临沂大学 | The method of calculating agricultural area source Heavy metals load value based on deposit isotope analysis |
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2018
- 2018-02-05 CN CN201810112041.8A patent/CN108318629B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0466187A (en) * | 1990-07-03 | 1992-03-02 | Jgc Corp | Treatment of waste water containing heavy metal and organic matter |
| CN103175713A (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2013-06-26 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Sample collecting and extracting method applicable to heavy metal analysis in atmospheric dry-wet deposition |
| CN104181013A (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2014-12-03 | 四川农业大学 | Atmospheric dry deposition simple collection device |
| CN107642064A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2018-01-30 | 北京中科乾和环保科技服务有限公司 | A kind of undisturbed sediment, overlying water synchronous acquisition and analogy method |
| CN107655961A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-02-02 | 临沂大学 | The method of calculating agricultural area source Heavy metals load value based on deposit isotope analysis |
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Inventor after: Yang Qian Inventor after: Qu Keming Inventor after: Zhu Jianxin Inventor after: Jiang Tao Inventor after: Zhang Yan Inventor after: Zhou Mingying Inventor after: Cui Hongwu Inventor after: Yang Shu Inventor before: Yang Qian |
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