CN108317199A - The flexural pivot axial direction rigidity-changing method and flexural pivot of I-shaped bushing and laminated spring cooperation - Google Patents
The flexural pivot axial direction rigidity-changing method and flexural pivot of I-shaped bushing and laminated spring cooperation Download PDFInfo
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- CN108317199A CN108317199A CN201810127819.2A CN201810127819A CN108317199A CN 108317199 A CN108317199 A CN 108317199A CN 201810127819 A CN201810127819 A CN 201810127819A CN 108317199 A CN108317199 A CN 108317199A
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- rubber
- metal
- shaped
- flexural pivot
- axial
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
- F16F1/38—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin, i.e. bushing-type
- F16F1/387—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin, i.e. bushing-type comprising means for modifying the rigidity in particular directions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
- F16F1/38—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin, i.e. bushing-type
- F16F1/387—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin, i.e. bushing-type comprising means for modifying the rigidity in particular directions
- F16F1/3873—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin, i.e. bushing-type comprising means for modifying the rigidity in particular directions having holes or openings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2228/00—Functional characteristics, e.g. variability, frequency-dependence
- F16F2228/06—Stiffness
- F16F2228/066—Variable stiffness
Abstract
A kind of flexural pivot axial direction rigidity-changing method of I-shaped bushing and laminated spring cooperation,The nonlinear variable-stiffness of rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot is adjusted by adjusting the metalwork of rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot and the position relationship of rubber parts,The nonlinear variable-stiffness for adjusting the metalwork of rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot and the position relationship adjustment rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot of rubber parts is that the metalwork of ball dumpling and rubber parts are divided into two parts,A part is I-shaped bushing,Another part is laminated spring,The axial variation rigidity of the radial variation rigidity and small rigidity of rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot is realized by I-shaped bushing,Show the axial variation rigidity of the big rigidity of rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot by laminated spring simultaneously,The nonlinear variable-stiffness adjustment of entire flexural pivot is realized by two parts combination,So that the rigidity of entire rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot is in radial and axial nonlinear change.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rigidity-changing methods and product of rail vehicle component, more particularly, to a kind of rubber-metal
Compound spherical hinge quasi-nonlinear variation rigidity method of adjustment and flexural pivot, this kind of rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot nonlinear variable-stiffness adjustment side
Method and flexural pivot can be realized simultaneously the radial and axial rigidity nonlinearity of flexural pivot, to be provided by ball to Bogie Designs
The axial direction of hinge is possible to realize the installation of longitudinal load-bearing, belongs to rail vehicle manufacturing technology field.
Background technology
Rubber-metal traction flexural pivot be belong to rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot one kind and locomotive car body and bogie it
Between transmit one of the critical component of traction and brake force, the rubber-metal traction flexural pivot used in locomotive is in order to ensure variation rigidity at present
Adjustment mostly uses rubber and metal composite part, this rubber-metal to draw flexural pivot lighter weight, and can realize flexible drawing with
Achieve the purpose that vibration and noise reducing.But also just because of the composite members that rubber-metal traction flexural pivot is rubber and metal are fabricated to, institute
In actual operation, due to the different characteristics of two kinds of materials, to be easy to cause the damage of a certain material, and influence entire flexural pivot
Performance.In general, the failure mode of rubber-metal composite elastic element is mostly rubber body destruction or rubber and gold
Belong to the bond failure between skeleton, this destruction is primarily due to bonding place stress between rubber body or rubber and metallic framework and answers
Caused by change level is excessively high, metal body is difficult to destroy at first because the strength of materials is relatively high.Therefore, in design rubber
When metallic traction flexural pivot, while considering product rigidity property, the ess-strain for reducing rubber as possible is horizontal, improves tired
The effective ways of labor reliability, this requires good variable rigidity property, especially needs preferable nonlinear variable-stiffness tune
It is whole.But existing traction flexural pivot all can only realize radial rigidity nonlinear adjustment by structure design, that is to say, that main
It is the adjustment for considering radial nonlinear variable-stiffness, this just promotes main engine plants that need to will draw the installation side of flexural pivot when designing bogie
The diameter that formula is designed as flexural pivot always realizes that longitudinal load-bearing, the structure design for allowing for entire bogie in this way are very limited,
It is necessary to be improved this.
By patent retrieval do not find have with the patent literature of same technique of the present invention, have certain relationship with the present invention
Patent mainly have it is following：
1, Patent No. CN200810143027.0, entitled " spherical hinge rubber elastic element stiffness changing method and flexural pivot class rubber
The patent of invention of glue elasticity element ", which disclose a kind of spherical hinge rubber elastic element stiffness changing method and flexural pivot class rubbers
Glue elasticity element, the mode for taking multisection type ball hinged rubber elastic body to combine, and make each section of ball hinged rubber elastic
The nonlinear characteristic of body is different, real by combining different nonlinear characteristic ball hinged rubber elastic bodies on a mandrel
The now variation of entire ball hinged rubber elastic element different situations difference radial rigidity, to achieve the purpose that variation rigidity.Flexural pivot
Rubber elastic element, including a metal core axle, metal-coating, elastic rubbery body and inner metal sleeve；Elastic rubbery body and gold
Belong to housing and inner metal sleeve to be integrally formed by vulcanization, and inner metal sleeve is sleeved on metal core axle.The method have the characteristics that ball
Hinge rubber elastic element is mutually independent three-stage elastomer composite structure, and entire ball hinged rubber elastic element is by three
A independent metal-coating, elastic rubbery body, inner metal sleeve combination are constituted, and elastomer axially combines on mandrel and connects into
One entirety.
2, Patent No. CN201620192297.0, the utility model patent of entitled " metal-rubber flexural pivot ", the patent
A kind of metal-rubber flexural pivot is disclosed, includes mandrel, elastic rubber layer and housing from inside to outside, at least there are two axis on mandrel
To the backstop of setting, backstop is evenly spaced on along mandrel circumferencial direction, and through-hole in an axial direction is provided between backstop and housing,
It is characterized in that the through-hole is surrounded and formed by the outer mold surface close to housing side, the inner mold face close to backstop side and two sides,
There is gap between outer mold surface and outer casing inner wall, there is gap, the side described in two is symmetrical, described between inner mold face and backstop
Outer mold surface be the arc surface coaxial with housing, the edge of outer mold surface is arranged in the outside at inner mold face edge, and the side is
The arc surface moved closer to from inner mold face edge outward type face edge, and side be outward type face it is convex into convex globoidal.This hair
For bright metal-rubber flexural pivot under the conditions of radial deformation, stiffness variation is gentle and rubber-type face is not given a discount.
3, Patent No. CN201520134990.8, the practicality of entitled " a kind of open-cell ball hinged rubber elastic element "
New patent, which disclose a kind of open-cell ball hinged rubber elastic elements, including mandrel, are sheathed on outside the mandrel
Rubber, the housing being sheathed on outside the rubber, using the center of circle to be symmetrical arranged on rubber described in axis, there are two pore structure, the hole knots
Through the axial direction of the rubber, the pore structure includes structure：Close to the extrados of housing side, close to the inner arc of mandrel side
Face and two sides for connecting extrados and intrados, the intrados have with the equidirectional radian of the housing, and it is described
The normal of intrados and the angle of the side are obtuse angle.It is rigid that the new type rubber open-celled structure of the present invention can gently increase change
Degree, while tapping rubber can also effectively be avoided to generate bending deformation, prevent the generation of rubber crackle.
4, Patent No. CN200510031727.7, entitled " a kind of combined ball hinged rubber elastic element is axially pre-
The patent of invention of compression method and product ", which disclose a kind of combined ball hinged rubber elastic element axial direction precommpression
Method and product belong to a kind of ball hinged rubber elastic element, including metal-coating, elastic rubbery body, inner metal sleeve and mandrel,
Its feature is that the metal-coating, elastic rubbery body and inner metal sleeve of ball hinged rubber elastic element are mutually independent two-period form
Composite structure, entire ball hinged rubber elastic element are combined by two independent metal-coatings, elastic rubbery body, inner metal sleeves
What the elastomer of composition axially combined on mandrel, the elastic rubbery body precompressed stress under compression of ball hinged rubber elastic element is
It is realized by adjusting metal-coating and the mutual axial position of inner metal sleeve.Elastic rubbery body precompressed stress under compression can be metal
Inner sleeve is two sections of axial separation, and by being compressed axially inner metal sleeve, axial position of the adjustment inner metal sleeve on mandrel generates
Elastic rubbery body precompressed stress under compression.
These above-mentioned patents although some be related to rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot nonlinear variable-stiffness adjustment, but from this
The description of a little patents is as can be seen that the variation rigidity of existing rubber-metal spherical hinge is still all the radial variation rigidity considered, the patent No.
For CN200510031727.7, entitled " a kind of's combined ball hinged rubber elastic element axial direction precommpression method and product "
Though patent of invention proposes axial precommpression, what is actually considered and pay close attention to is still the adjustment of radial rigidity, so
Drawback present in the radial variation rigidity nonlinear adjustment of simple consideration said before still has, therefore still needs further to be added
To improve.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to for existing rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot nonlinear variable-stiffness adjustment present in not
Foot proposes a kind of new rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot nonlinear variable-stiffness method of adjustment, this kind of rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot
The radial nonlinear variable-stiffness adjustment of flexural pivot not only may be implemented in nonlinear variable-stiffness method of adjustment, but also flexural pivot may be implemented
Axial nonlinear variable-stiffness adjustment.
The invention further relates to a kind of rubber-metals for realizing above-mentioned rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot nonlinear variable-stiffness method
Complex class flexural pivot.
In order to reach this purpose, technical solution proposed by the invention is：A kind of I-shaped bushing is matched with laminated spring
The flexural pivot axial direction rigidity-changing method of conjunction, by adjusting the metalwork of rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot and the position relationship tune of rubber parts
The nonlinear variable-stiffness of whole rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot, feature are, adjust the metalwork of rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot
It is by the metalwork and rubber of ball dumpling to adjust the nonlinear variable-stiffness of rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot with the position relationship of rubber parts
Part is divided into two parts, and a part is I-shaped bushing, and another part is laminated spring, and rubber-metal is realized by I-shaped bushing
The radial variation rigidity of complex class flexural pivot and the axial variation rigidity of small rigidity, while rubber-metal complex class ball is showed by laminated spring
The axial variation rigidity of the big rigidity of hinge realizes that the nonlinear variable-stiffness of entire flexural pivot adjusts so that entire by two parts combination
The rigidity of rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot is in radial and axial nonlinear change.
Further, it is described by I-shaped bushing realize rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot radial variation rigidity and it is small just
The axial variation rigidity of degree is one I-shaped bushing of setting in flexural pivot, and I-shaped bushing is rubber-metal composite members, rubber gold
The inner sleeve for belonging to composite members is I-shaped shape, and inner sleeve is sleeved on mandrel, has rubber and metal respectively at the both ends of I-shaped shape inner sleeve
The radial rubber-metal that vulcanization is formed vulcanizes complex；The housing of I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body is divided into two sections, is located at
The both ends of I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body form the housing that radial rubber-metal vulcanizes complex with the vulcanization of rubber, and two sections outer
Set is fitted in outer casing sleeve axial both ends by interference fit, forms two-period form radial direction rubber-metal compound spherical hinge, and two
The centre of segmentation radial direction rubber-metal compound spherical hinge reserves an enclosure space, passes through two-period form radial direction rubber-metal compound spherical hinge
Deformation realize flexural pivot radial direction and small rigidity axial direction nonlinear variable-stiffness adjust.
Further, it requires to be provided with according to linear Stiffness in the rubber bodies of I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body blind
Hole carries out linear Stiffness adjusting by blind hole structure.
Further, the axial variation rigidity of the big rigidity that rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot is showed by laminated spring is
Axial arranged multilayer rubber metal composite part is arranged in enclosure space among I-shaped bushing, multiple by multilayer rubber metal
Component is compressed axially the adjustment for realizing rail traffic tow ball hinge axial direction nonlinear variable-stiffness.
Further, the axial arranged multilayer rubber metal composite part rubber metal laminated spring, rubber-metal
Laminated spring is T-shaped rubber metal laminated spring, and T-shaped rubber metal laminated spring metal-coating is T-shaped gold
Belong to part, laminated spring is distributed in the both sides of the radial vertically hung scroll of T-shaped metalwork, symmetrical.
A kind of flexural pivot for realizing above-mentioned I-shaped bushing and the flexural pivot rigidity-changing method of laminated spring cooperation, including casing
Cylinder, is pressed with rubber-metal vulcanization body in outer casing sleeve, and the non-linear of flexural pivot is realized in the deformation for vulcanizing body by rubber-metal
Variation rigidity；The rubber-metal vulcanization body is divided into two parts, and one vulcanizes body for I-shaped rubber-metal, and one is " T " word
Shape rubber-metal vulcanizes body；Wherein, T-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body is mounted among I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body, is made
The rubber-metal vulcanization body for obtaining entire ball dumpling is divided into three parts in the axial direction；T-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body and I-shaped rubber
After glue metal vulcanizes body combination together, in synchronous press mounting to outer casing sleeve；Vulcanize body and T-shaped by I-shaped rubber-metal
Rubber-metal vulcanizes the nonlinear variable-stiffness adjustment that body realizes flexural pivot.
Further, the inner sleeve of I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body is I-shaped shape, I-shaped rubber-metal sulphur
The inner sleeve for changing body is sleeved on mandrel, has rubber to vulcanize the radial rubber to be formed gold with metal respectively at the both ends of I-shaped shape inner sleeve
Belong to vulcanization complex；The housing of I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body is divided into two sections, is located at I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body
Both ends, form the housing that radial rubber-metal vulcanizes complex with the vulcanization of rubber, two sections of housings are fitted in by interference fit
Axial both ends in outer casing sleeve.
Further, described in order to realize nonlinear variable-stiffness, at least vulcanize body wherein in I-shaped rubber-metal
It is provided on the rubber parts of one rubber-metal vulcanization body for adjusting the nonlinear empty real item adjusting hole of flexural pivot variation rigidity or slot；Institute
The nonlinear empty real item adjusting hole of adjustment flexural pivot variation rigidity or slot stated are the blind hole or slot of non-through well format, pass through non through hole shape
The blind hole or slot of formula prevent secondary water or spot from entering flexural pivot inside middle space from the empty real item adjusting hole or slot of flexural pivot.
Further, T-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body is that axial arranged axial rubber metal vulcanizes body, axis
After being assembled together to rubber-metal vulcanization body with I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body, it is pressed into outer casing sleeve together；Axial rubber
Metal vulcanizes body, and there are one T-shaped metal-coatings, have rubber in the both sides vulcanization of the radial vertically hung scroll of T-shaped metal-coating
Glue metal composite spring leaf；The axial nonlinear variable-stiffness of flexural pivot is realized in the deformation for vulcanizing body by axial rubber metal.
Further, the axial arranged axial rubber metal vulcanization body is rubber metal laminated spring, rubber gold
Category laminated spring is T-shaped rubber metal laminated spring, and T-shaped rubber metal laminated spring metal-coating is T-shaped
Metalwork, laminated spring is distributed in the both sides of the radial vertically hung scroll of T-shaped metalwork, symmetrical.
Further, the T-shaped rubber metal laminated spring is that the multi-clove type multilayer rubber of 2-4 valves is metal laminated
Spring, the metal laminated spring of multi-clove type multilayer rubber are splitted according to decile in an axial direction, and when installation is embraced altogether in I-shaped rubber
The intermediate position of metal lining forms a metal laminated spring of ring shaped axial multilayer rubber, and multi-clove type multilayer rubber metal
Being sleeved on both ends in the metal laminated part of multilayer rubber of laminated spring and I-shaped silenbloc, there are gap, this gap
For I-shaped silenbloc axially small rigidity variation rigidity adjust surplus.
The advantage of the invention is that：
The present invention, which utilizes, adjusts the axial variation rigidity of flexural pivot, and it is all non-by radially providing to change traditional flexural pivot product completely
The thinking of linear rigidity, mainly there is following characteristics in this way：
1, new mentality of designing is brought to the mentality of designing of bogie, has widened the design concept of bogie significantly, is opened up
New bogie assembling structure may.
2, there can be the need for meeting point small variation rigidity and big variation rigidity by the axial nonlinear variable-stiffness of two-period form structure
It asks, particularly with traction flexural pivot, when drawing pull bar plays High power Traction and braking function, due to traction and brake force frequency
It is very low, it is equivalent to static force and is applied in drawing pull bar, rubber nodal point need to be relied on to play traction and braking action, thus have
Big rigidity;And when drawing pull bar plays small-power traction or do not play traction and braking function, then need traction flexural pivot to provide small
Excitation of the higher bogie frame extensional vibration of rigidity isolation frequency to car body is taken to reduce the elastic vibration of car body
Axial nonlinear variable-stiffness processing can effectively solve the problems, such as this.
3, by the radial nonlinearity that rigidity may be implemented with the variation rigidity axially combined, and flexibly realize that the later stage is rigid
Degree requires.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the lateral structure schematic diagram of Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the small rigidity deformation component structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the big rigidity deformation component structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
Specific implementation mode
It is next in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments that the present invention is further explained.
Embodiment one
By attached drawing as can be seen that the present invention relates to a kind of I-shaped bushings and the flexural pivot axial direction variation rigidity of laminated spring cooperation
Flexural pivot, including outer casing sleeve 1 are pressed with rubber-metal vulcanization body 2 in outer casing sleeve 1, vulcanize the change of body 2 by rubber-metal
Shape realizes the nonlinear variable-stiffness of flexural pivot；The described rubber-metal vulcanization body 2 divides for two parts, and one is I-shaped rubber-metal
Vulcanize body 4, one vulcanizes body 5 for T-shaped rubber-metal；Wherein, T-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body 5 is mounted on I-shaped
Rubber-metal vulcanizes among body 4 so that the rubber-metal vulcanization body of entire ball dumpling is divided into three parts in the axial direction；T-shaped rubber
After glue metal vulcanization body 5 combines together with I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body 4, in synchronous press mounting to outer casing sleeve 1；Pass through I-shaped
Shape rubber-metal vulcanizes body 4 and T-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body 5 realizes the nonlinear variable-stiffness adjustment of flexural pivot.
Further, the inner sleeve 7 of I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body 4 is I-shaped shape, I-shaped rubber-metal
The inner sleeve 7 of vulcanization body is sleeved on mandrel, has rubber to vulcanize the radial direction to be formed with metal respectively at the both ends of the inner sleeve 7 of I-shaped shape
Rubber-metal vulcanizes complex 10；It is two sections that the housing 6 of I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body, which divides, is located at I-shaped rubber gold
The both ends for belonging to vulcanization body 4 form the housing that radial rubber-metal vulcanizes complex with the vulcanization of rubber, and two sections of housings 6 pass through interference
Cooperation is fitted in outer casing sleeve 1 axial both ends.
Further, described in order to realize nonlinear variable-stiffness, at least vulcanize body wherein in I-shaped rubber-metal
It is provided on the rubber parts 8 of one rubber-metal vulcanization body for adjusting the nonlinear empty real item adjusting hole of flexural pivot variation rigidity or slot 9；
The blind hole or slot for adjusting the nonlinear empty real item adjusting hole of flexural pivot variation rigidity or slot 9 is non-through well format, by non-through
The blind hole or slot 9 of well format prevent secondary water or spot from entering flexural pivot inside middle sky from the empty real item adjusting hole or slot of flexural pivot
Between.The blind hole is that discontinuous arc groove is symmetrical arranged on rubber parts on I-shaped bushing, passes through and controls arc
Groove structure carries out stiffness tuning；The depth for choosing arc groove is 10-20mm, and the radian of arc controls between 5-15 degree.
Further, T-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body 5 is that axial arranged axial rubber metal vulcanizes body,
After axial rubber metal vulcanization body is assembled together with I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body, it is pressed into outer casing sleeve together；Axial rubber
Glue metal vulcanizes body, and there are one T-shaped metal-coatings 11, on the both sides of the radial vertically hung scroll 12 of T-shaped metal-coating 11
Vulcanization has rubber-metal complex spring piece 13；The non-linear change of axial direction of flexural pivot is realized in the deformation for vulcanizing body by axial rubber metal
Rigidity.
Further, the axial arranged axial rubber metal vulcanization body 5 is rubber metal laminated spring 3, rubber
Metal laminated spring 3 is T-shaped rubber metal laminated spring, and T-shaped rubber metal laminated spring metal-coating is " T " word
Shape metalwork, laminated spring are distributed in the both sides of the radial vertically hung scroll 12 of T-shaped metalwork, and the compound number of plies of rubber-metal axis is
Two layers, i.e. two layers of rubber double layer of metal axial composite-rotor is together, symmetrical.
Further, the T-shaped rubber metal laminated spring 3 is that the multi-clove type multilayer rubber of 2 valves is metal laminated
Spring, the metal laminated spring of two-flap type multilayer rubber are splitted according to decile in an axial direction, and when installation is embraced altogether in I-shaped rubber
The intermediate position of metal lining forms a metal laminated spring of ring shaped axial multilayer rubber, and two-flap type multilayer rubber metal
Being sleeved on both ends in the metal laminated part of multilayer rubber of laminated spring and I-shaped silenbloc, there are gap, this gap
For I-shaped silenbloc axially small rigidity variation rigidity adjust surplus.
The operation principle of the nonlinear variable-stiffness of flexural pivot is：Pass through the radial precompressed to I-shaped silenbloc first
Contracting so that flexural pivot is in radial precompressed state, and the radial direction of flexural pivot is adjusted by the blind hole on I-shaped silenbloc
Nonlinear variable-stiffness is provided separately by the small rigidity of the axial nonlinear variable-stiffness of early period by I-shaped bushing, when product
After clearance D between the I-shaped bushing of axial deformation " eating up " and two-flap type laminated spring, the axial rigidity of product increased dramatically,
It is provided jointly by I-shaped bushing and two-flap type laminated spring.
Embodiment two
The implementation principle of embodiment two and embodiment one are the same, are intended merely to further increase the effect of axial rigidity adjustment
Fruit has carried out further adjustment to the metal laminated spring of multi-clove type multilayer rubber.A kind of I-shaped bushing is matched with laminated spring
The flexural pivot of the flexural pivot rigidity-changing method of conjunction, including outer casing sleeve are pressed with rubber-metal vulcanization body in outer casing sleeve, pass through rubber
Glue metal vulcanizes the nonlinear variable-stiffness of the deformation realization flexural pivot of body；The described rubber-metal vulcanization body is divided into two parts, one
Vulcanize body for I-shaped rubber-metal, one vulcanizes body for T-shaped rubber-metal；Wherein, T-shaped rubber-metal vulcanizes body
Among I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body so that the rubber-metal vulcanization body of entire ball dumpling is divided into three in the axial direction
Point；After T-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body combines together with I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body, synchronous press mounting to outer casing sleeve
It is interior；Vulcanize body by I-shaped rubber-metal and T-shaped rubber-metal vulcanizes body and realizes that the nonlinear variable-stiffness of flexural pivot adjusts.
Further, the inner sleeve of I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body is I-shaped shape, I-shaped rubber-metal sulphur
The inner sleeve for changing body is sleeved on mandrel, has rubber to vulcanize the radial rubber to be formed gold with metal respectively at the both ends of I-shaped shape inner sleeve
Belong to vulcanization complex；The housing of I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body is divided into two sections, is located at I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body
Both ends, form the housing that radial rubber-metal vulcanizes complex with the vulcanization of rubber, two sections of housings are fitted in by interference fit
Axial both ends in outer casing sleeve.
Further, described in order to realize nonlinear variable-stiffness, at least vulcanize body wherein in I-shaped rubber-metal
It is provided on the rubber parts of one rubber-metal vulcanization body for adjusting the nonlinear empty real item adjusting hole of flexural pivot variation rigidity or slot；Institute
The nonlinear empty real item adjusting hole of adjustment flexural pivot variation rigidity or slot stated are the blind hole or slot of non-through well format, pass through non through hole shape
The blind hole or slot of formula prevent secondary water or spot from entering flexural pivot inside middle space from the empty real item adjusting hole or slot of flexural pivot.
Further, T-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body is that axial arranged axial rubber metal vulcanizes body, axis
After being assembled together to rubber-metal vulcanization body with I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body, it is pressed into outer casing sleeve together；Axial rubber
Metal vulcanizes body, and there are one T-shaped metal-coatings, have rubber in the both sides vulcanization of the radial vertically hung scroll of T-shaped metal-coating
Glue metal composite spring leaf；The axial nonlinear variable-stiffness of flexural pivot is realized in the deformation for vulcanizing body by axial rubber metal.
Further, the axial arranged axial rubber metal vulcanization body is rubber metal laminated spring, rubber gold
Category laminated spring is T-shaped rubber metal laminated spring, and T-shaped rubber metal laminated spring metal-coating is T-shaped
Metalwork, laminated spring are distributed in the both sides of the radial vertically hung scroll of T-shaped metalwork, and the compound number of plies of rubber-metal axis is three
Layer, i.e., two layers of rubber three-layer metal axial composite-rotor is together, symmetrical.
Further, the T-shaped rubber metal laminated spring is the metal laminated bullet of multi-clove type multilayer rubber of 3 valves
Spring, the metal laminated spring of three-clove style multilayer rubber are splitted according to decile in an axial direction, and when installation is embraced altogether in I-shaped rubber gold
Belong to the intermediate position of bushing, forms a metal laminated spring of ring shaped axial multilayer rubber, and three-clove style multilayer rubber metal is folded
Both ends are sleeved on there are gap in the metal laminated part of multilayer rubber of layer spring and I-shaped silenbloc, and this gap is
I-shaped silenbloc axially small rigidity variation rigidity adjust surplus.
The small stiffness equivalent rubber parts according to rigidity requirement,
Other parts and embodiment one are the same.
Above-mentioned listed embodiment, only carries out clear, complete description in conjunction with attached drawing to technical scheme of the present invention；It is aobvious
So, described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based in the present invention
Embodiment, all other embodiment obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts, all
Belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
By the description of above-described embodiment, it is known that the invention further relates to a kind of I-shaped bushings and laminated spring to coordinate
Flexural pivot axial direction rigidity-changing method, by adjusting rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot metalwork and rubber parts position relationship adjust
The nonlinear variable-stiffness of rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot, feature be, adjust the metalwork of rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot with
The nonlinear variable-stiffness of the position relationship adjustment rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot of rubber parts is by the metalwork and rubber parts of ball dumpling
It is divided into two parts, a part is I-shaped bushing, and another part is laminated spring, realizes that rubber-metal is multiple by I-shaped bushing
The axial variation rigidity of the radial variation rigidity and small rigidity of class flexural pivot is closed, while rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot is showed by laminated spring
Big rigidity axial variation rigidity, pass through the nonlinear variable-stiffness adjustment that entire flexural pivot is realized in two parts combination so that entire rubber
The rigidity of glue metal composite class flexural pivot is in radial and axial nonlinear change.
Further, it is described by I-shaped bushing realize rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot radial variation rigidity and it is small just
The axial variation rigidity of degree is one I-shaped bushing of setting in flexural pivot, and I-shaped bushing is rubber-metal composite members, rubber gold
The inner sleeve for belonging to composite members is I-shaped shape, and inner sleeve is sleeved on mandrel, has rubber and metal respectively at the both ends of I-shaped shape inner sleeve
The radial rubber-metal that vulcanization is formed vulcanizes complex；The housing of I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body is divided into two sections, is located at
The both ends of I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body form the housing that radial rubber-metal vulcanizes complex with the vulcanization of rubber, and two sections outer
Set is fitted in outer casing sleeve axial both ends by interference fit, forms two-period form radial direction rubber-metal compound spherical hinge, and two
The centre of segmentation radial direction rubber-metal compound spherical hinge reserves an enclosure space, passes through two-period form radial direction rubber-metal compound spherical hinge
Deformation realize flexural pivot radial direction and small rigidity axial direction nonlinear variable-stiffness adjust.
Further, it requires to be provided with according to linear Stiffness in the rubber bodies of I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body blind
Hole carries out linear Stiffness adjusting by blind hole structure.
Further, the axial variation rigidity of the big rigidity that rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot is showed by laminated spring is
Axial arranged multilayer rubber metal composite part is arranged in enclosure space among I-shaped bushing, multiple by multilayer rubber metal
Component is compressed axially the adjustment for realizing rail traffic tow ball hinge axial direction nonlinear variable-stiffness.
Further, the axial arranged multilayer rubber metal composite part rubber metal laminated spring, rubber-metal
Laminated spring is T-shaped rubber metal laminated spring, and T-shaped rubber metal laminated spring metal-coating is T-shaped gold
Belong to part, laminated spring is distributed in the both sides of the radial vertically hung scroll of T-shaped metalwork, symmetrical.
The advantage of the invention is that：
The present invention, which utilizes, adjusts the axial variation rigidity of flexural pivot, and it is all non-by radially providing to change traditional flexural pivot product completely
The thinking of linear rigidity, mainly there is following characteristics in this way：
1, new mentality of designing is brought to the mentality of designing of bogie, has widened the design concept of bogie significantly, is opened up
New bogie assembling structure may.
2, there can be the need for meeting point small variation rigidity and big variation rigidity by the axial nonlinear variable-stiffness of two-period form structure
It asks, particularly with traction flexural pivot, when drawing pull bar plays High power Traction and braking function, due to traction and brake force frequency
It is very low, it is equivalent to static force and is applied in drawing pull bar, rubber nodal point need to be relied on to play traction and braking action, thus have
Big rigidity;And when drawing pull bar plays small-power traction or do not play traction and braking function, then need traction flexural pivot to provide small
Excitation of the higher bogie frame extensional vibration of rigidity isolation frequency to car body is taken to reduce the elastic vibration of car body
Axial nonlinear variable-stiffness processing can effectively solve the problems, such as this.
3, by the radial nonlinearity that rigidity may be implemented with the variation rigidity axially combined, and flexibly realize that the later stage is rigid
Degree requires.
Claims (10)
1. the flexural pivot axial direction rigidity-changing method of a kind of I-shaped bushing and laminated spring cooperation, by adjusting rubber-metal complex class
The nonlinear variable-stiffness of the metalwork of flexural pivot and the position relationship adjustment rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot of rubber parts, feature exist
In：The position relationship of the metalwork and rubber parts that adjust rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot adjusts the non-of rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot
Linear variation rigidity is that the metalwork of ball dumpling and rubber parts are divided into two parts, and a part is I-shaped bushing, and another part is folded
Layer spring, the axial variation rigidity of the radial variation rigidity and small rigidity of rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot is realized by I-shaped bushing,
The axial variation rigidity for showing the big rigidity of rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot by laminated spring simultaneously is realized whole by two parts combination
The nonlinear variable-stiffness of a flexural pivot adjusts so that the rigidity of entire rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot is in radial and axial non-linear change
Change.
2. the flexural pivot axial direction rigidity-changing method of I-shaped bushing as described in claim 1 and laminated spring cooperation, feature exist
In：Described realizes that the radial variation rigidity of rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot and the axial of small rigidity become rigid by I-shaped bushing
Degree be in flexural pivot setting one I-shaped bushing, I-shaped bushing be rubber-metal composite members, rubber-metal composite members it is interior
Set is I-shaped shape, and inner sleeve is sleeved on mandrel, has rubber to vulcanize the diameter to be formed with metal respectively at the both ends of I-shaped shape inner sleeve
Vulcanize complex to rubber-metal；The housing of I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body is divided into two sections, is located at I-shaped rubber gold
The both ends for belonging to vulcanization body form the housing that radial rubber-metal vulcanizes complex with the vulcanization of rubber, and two sections of housings are matched by interference
Combined pressure axial both ends in outer casing sleeve, form two-period form radial direction rubber-metal compound spherical hinge, and in two-period form radial direction rubber
The centre of metal composite flexural pivot reserves an enclosure space, and ball is realized by the deformation of two-period form radial direction rubber-metal compound spherical hinge
The nonlinear variable-stiffness of the radial direction of hinge and small rigidity axial direction adjusts.
3. the flexural pivot axial direction rigidity-changing method of I-shaped bushing as claimed in claim 2 and laminated spring cooperation, feature exist
In：It is required to be provided with blind hole according to linear Stiffness in the rubber bodies of the I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body, passes through blind hole knot
Structure carries out linear Stiffness adjusting.
4. the flexural pivot axial direction rigidity-changing method of I-shaped bushing as described in claim 1 and laminated spring cooperation, feature exist
In：The axial variation rigidity of the big rigidity for showing rubber-metal complex class flexural pivot by laminated spring is in I-shaped bushing
Between enclosure space axial arranged multilayer rubber metal composite part is set, pass through being compressed axially for multilayer rubber metal composite part
Realize the adjustment of rail traffic tow ball hinge axial direction nonlinear variable-stiffness.
5. the flexural pivot axial direction rigidity-changing method of I-shaped bushing as claimed in claim 4 and laminated spring cooperation, feature exist
In：The axial arranged multilayer rubber metal composite part rubber metal laminated spring, rubber metal laminated spring are " T " word
Shape rubber metal laminated spring, T-shaped rubber metal laminated spring metal-coating are T-shaped metalwork, laminated spring point
Cloth is symmetrical on the both sides of the radial vertically hung scroll of T-shaped metalwork.
6. the flexural pivot of a kind of I-shaped bushing and laminated spring cooperation, including outer casing sleeve, are pressed with rubber in outer casing sleeve
Metal vulcanizes body, and the nonlinear variable-stiffness of flexural pivot is realized in the deformation for vulcanizing body by rubber-metal；The rubber-metal vulcanization
Body is divided into two parts, and one vulcanizes body for I-shaped rubber-metal, and one vulcanizes body for T-shaped rubber-metal；Wherein, " T "
Font rubber-metal vulcanizes body and is mounted among I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body so that the rubber-metal of entire ball dumpling vulcanizes body
It is divided into three parts in the axial direction；After T-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body combines together with I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body, simultaneously
It is pressed into outer casing sleeve；Vulcanize body by I-shaped rubber-metal and T-shaped rubber-metal vulcanizes body and realizes the non-of flexural pivot
Linear variation rigidity adjustment.
7. I-shaped bushing as claimed in claim 6 coordinates flexural pivot with laminated spring, it is characterised in that：The I-shaped rubber
The inner sleeve that glue metal vulcanizes body is I-shaped shape, and the inner sleeve of I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body is sleeved on mandrel, in I-shaped shape
The both ends of inner sleeve have rubber to vulcanize the radial rubber-metal to be formed vulcanization complex with metal respectively；I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization
The housing of body is divided into two sections, is located at the both ends of I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanization body, and radial rubber gold is formed with the vulcanization of rubber
Belong to the housing of vulcanization complex, two sections of housings are fitted in outer casing sleeve axial both ends by interference fit.
8. I-shaped bushing as claimed in claim 7 coordinates flexural pivot with laminated spring, it is characterised in that：It is described in order to realize
Nonlinear variable-stiffness is at least provided on the rubber parts that wherein a rubber-metal vulcanizes body that I-shaped rubber-metal vulcanizes body
For adjusting the nonlinear empty real item adjusting hole of flexural pivot variation rigidity or slot；The nonlinear empty real item of adjustment flexural pivot variation rigidity
Adjusting hole or blind hole or slot that slot is non-through well format prevent secondary water or spot from ball by the blind hole or slot of non-through well format
The empty real item adjusting hole or slot of hinge enter flexural pivot inside middle space.
9. I-shaped bushing as claimed in claim 6 coordinates flexural pivot with laminated spring, it is characterised in that：Described is T-shaped
It is that axial arranged axial rubber metal vulcanizes body that rubber-metal, which vulcanizes body, and axial rubber metal vulcanizes body and I-shaped rubber gold
After category vulcanization body is assembled together, it is pressed into outer casing sleeve together；Axial rubber metal vulcanizes body, and there are one outside T-shaped metal
Set has rubber-metal complex spring piece in the both sides vulcanization of the radial vertically hung scroll of T-shaped metal-coating；Pass through axial rubber gold
The axial nonlinear variable-stiffness of flexural pivot is realized in the deformation for belonging to vulcanization body.
10. I-shaped bushing as claimed in claim 9 coordinates flexural pivot with laminated spring, it is characterised in that：The axial cloth
The axial rubber metal vulcanization body set is rubber metal laminated spring, and rubber metal laminated spring is folded for T-shaped rubber-metal
Layer spring, T-shaped rubber metal laminated spring metal-coating are T-shaped metalwork, and laminated spring is distributed in T-shaped gold
Belong to the both sides of the radial vertically hung scroll of part, it is symmetrical；The T-shaped rubber metal laminated spring is that the multi-clove type of 2-4 valves is more
Layer rubber metal laminated spring, the metal laminated spring of multi-clove type multilayer rubber splits according to decile in an axial direction, when installation altogether
It embraces at the intermediate position of I-shaped silenbloc, forms a metal laminated spring of ring shaped axial multilayer rubber, and more valves
It is sleeved on both ends in the metal laminated part of multilayer rubber of the metal laminated spring of formula multilayer rubber and I-shaped silenbloc
There are gap, this gap be I-shaped silenbloc axially small rigidity variation rigidity adjust surplus.
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