CN108316978B - Household biogas cogeneration device - Google Patents
Household biogas cogeneration device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108316978B CN108316978B CN201810020248.2A CN201810020248A CN108316978B CN 108316978 B CN108316978 B CN 108316978B CN 201810020248 A CN201810020248 A CN 201810020248A CN 108316978 B CN108316978 B CN 108316978B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention provides a domestic biogas cogeneration device, which comprises: the system comprises a first combustion chamber, a thermoacoustic engine and a bidirectional turbine power generation device; the first combustion chamber is used for combusting combustible gas to obtain heat, the heat collecting device is arranged in the first combustion chamber and connected with the thermoacoustic engine through a heat bridge, the thermoacoustic engine and the bidirectional turbine power generation device are combined to form the thermoacoustic power generation device, and the thermoacoustic engine is simultaneously in contact connection with the water path. The household biogas cogeneration device provided by the invention is provided with the thermo-acoustic power generation device which adopts the bidirectional turbine to generate power, has simple structure, reliable operation and low cost of the whole machine, simultaneously utilizes the waste heat of the thermo-acoustic engine, can further improve the heat efficiency, can flexibly design the scale of the thermo-acoustic power generation according to the actual requirement, and is suitable for small and medium-sized household systems.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy application, in particular to a household biogas cogeneration device.
Background
Renewable energy is important energy for realizing sustainable development, and the methane power generation technology is a new energy comprehensive utilization technology integrating environmental protection and energy conservation. It uses a large amount of organic wastes (such as excrement, straw, municipal refuse, sewage, etc.) in industry, agriculture or urban life to produce marsh gas through anaerobic fermentation treatment, and uses the marsh gas on an engine, and is equipped with a comprehensive power generation device to produce electric energy and heat energy, and it is an important way to effectively utilize the marsh gas. At present, the amount of household methane users is huge, about 2 hundred million farmers use about 40 percent of household methane tanks. If the methane can be slightly treated and utilized, billions of construction capital and tens of millions of tons of coal can be saved each year. Meanwhile, renewable energy is utilized to generate electricity, and powerful guarantee can be provided for energy safety and environmental protection.
At present, the methane internal combustion engines adopted for methane power generation are divided into two types, namely a dual-fuel type and a full-combustion type. The dual-fuel type adopts diesel oil and methane dual fuel, and a small amount of diesel oil is subjected to compression ignition to ignite methane for combustion and power generation. The system has the defects that the system is complex, two sets of devices for supplying oil and gas are required to be arranged at the same time, the cost is greatly increased, and the system is not suitable for dispersive farmer biogas power generation. The full combustion type adopts an ignition gasoline engine, full combustion of methane is realized, the power is low, the efficiency is low, and meanwhile, the cost is greatly increased by an electronic speed regulating system.
Chinese patent CN201215037X discloses a domestic biogas power generation device, as shown in fig. 1, which comprises a gas mixing device 11, an internal combustion engine 12, a gas pressurizing storage device, and a power generator 13, and the whole system is large, the construction cost is high, and the maintenance difficulty is large. Chinese patent CN202883023U discloses a biogas power generation device, as shown in fig. 2, comprising a gas-water separator 21, a desulfurizing tower 22, a water condenser 23, a pressurized gas storage tank 24, and a biogas power generation system 25, the whole system has high complexity, is not easy to operate, and is not suitable for being used by small and medium-sized households. Chinese patent CN201778847U discloses a biogas power generation device, as shown in fig. 3, comprising a biogas digester, a pressurized gas storage tank, a turbine and a generator in transmission connection with the turbine, wherein the generator is connected with a transformer, the system is simple and easy to operate, but the turbine and the corresponding generator still have high cost and the heat energy utilization rate of the system is still low.
Most of the existing biogas power generation devices have the problems of low heat energy utilization rate, complex equipment, high cost and unsuitability for small and medium-sized families.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a household biogas heat and power cogeneration device which solves or at least partially solves the problems that most of the existing biogas power generation devices are low in heat energy utilization rate, complex in equipment, high in cost and not suitable for small and medium-sized families.
According to the present invention, there is provided a domestic biogas cogeneration apparatus, comprising: the system comprises a first combustion chamber, a thermoacoustic engine and a bidirectional turbine power generation device; the first combustion chamber is used for combusting combustible gas to obtain heat, a heat collecting device is arranged in the first combustion chamber, the heat collecting device is connected with the thermoacoustic engine through a heat bridge, the thermoacoustic engine is connected with the bidirectional turbine power generation device and combined with the bidirectional turbine power generation device to form the thermoacoustic power generation device, and the thermoacoustic engine is simultaneously in contact connection with a water path.
On the basis of the scheme, the household biogas heat and power cogeneration device further comprises: a second combustion chamber; the second combustion chamber is used for combusting combustible gas, a heat exchange device is arranged in the second combustion chamber, the heat exchange device is connected with the water channel, and water in the water channel flows through the heat exchange device.
On the basis of the scheme, the household biogas heat and power cogeneration device further comprises: a purification device and a gas storage tank; one end of the purifying device is connected with one end of a methane air pump, the other end of the methane air pump is connected with a methane source, the other end of the purifying device is connected with the air storage tank through an air transmission pipeline, the air storage tank is connected with the first combustion chamber through a first methane adjusting valve, the air storage tank is connected with the second combustion chamber through a second methane adjusting valve, the first combustion chamber is connected with a first air adjusting valve, and the second combustion chamber is connected with a second air adjusting valve.
On the basis of the scheme, the household biogas heat and power cogeneration device further comprises: a control device; the control device comprises a controller and an electric energy storage, the controller is respectively connected with the biogas air pump, the first biogas regulating valve, the second biogas regulating valve, the first air regulating valve and the second air regulating valve, and the electric energy storage is connected with the bidirectional turbine power generation device.
On the basis of the scheme, the gas storage tank is respectively connected with the pressure sensor and the gas detector, and the pressure sensor and the gas detector are respectively connected with the controller.
On the basis of the scheme, the outer side wall of the air storage tank is coated with the heat-dissipation coating.
On the basis of the scheme, the diameter ratio of the gas transmission pipeline to the gas storage tank is as follows: 1:5-1:8.
On the basis of the above scheme, the thermoacoustic engine comprises at least one engine base unit; any one of the basic units of the engine is sequentially connected by a first connecting pipe, a main cooler, a heat regenerator, a hot end heat exchanger, a thermal buffer pipe, a secondary cooler and a second connecting pipe, the hot end heat exchanger is connected with the thermal bridge, and the first connecting pipe is connected with the second connecting pipe through a resonant pipe.
On the basis of the scheme, a plurality of engine basic units are connected in series through resonance tubes to form a loop, the bidirectional turbine power generation device is connected in series or in a side-by-side mode in the loop, the bidirectional turbine power generation device is placed at the position close to the tops of the resonance tubes of the secondary coolers, and a direct-current suppressor is arranged in a first connecting tube of one engine basic unit.
On the basis of the above scheme, the bidirectional turbine power generation device specifically includes: the turbine power generation system comprises turbine moving blades, guide vanes, a connecting shaft, a fairing and a rotary generator; guide vanes are respectively arranged on two sides of the turbine moving blades, the turbine moving blades are connected with a rotating shaft of the rotary generator through the connecting shaft, the rotary generator is arranged on one side or two sides of the turbine moving blades, the fairing is used for rectifying gas flowing in and out, and the rotary generator is arranged inside or outside the fairing.
The household biogas cogeneration device has the advantages that the thermo-acoustic power generation device combining the bidirectional turbine power generation device and the thermo-acoustic engine is simple in structure and low in overall cost, is more reliable and economical compared with the conventional system, simultaneously utilizes the waste heat of the thermo-acoustic engine, can further improve the heat efficiency, and has great advantages in the aspect of utilization of small and medium-sized houses; the whole system has simple structure and high heat energy utilization rate, the scale of the thermoacoustic power generation can be flexibly designed according to actual needs, the construction scale can be large or small, the construction cost is low, the period is short, and the thermoacoustic power generation system is suitable for small and medium-sized household systems.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a household biogas power generation device in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a biogas power generation device in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a biogas power generation device in the prior art;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a household biogas cogeneration device according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a rotor blade of a Wils turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a two-way impingement turbine moving blade according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a bi-directional impulse turbine with guide vanes according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermo-acoustic engine base unit in a household biogas and heat cogeneration apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a bidirectional turbine power generation unit in a domestic biogas cogeneration apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a household biogas cogeneration device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
12-an internal combustion engine; 11-a gas mixing device; 13-a generator;
21-gas-water separator; 22-a desulfurizing tower; 23-a water condenser;
24-pressurizing the gas storage tank; 25-a biogas power generation system; 31-a control device;
33-a purification device; 32-biogas air pump; 34-gas transmission pipeline;
35-a gas storage tank; 36-a first biogas regulating valve; 37-second biogas regulating valve;
38 — a first burner; 39 — first air adjustment valve; 310 — a second air adjustment valve;
311-a second burner; 312 — a first combustion chamber; 313-heat collecting device;
314 — first exhaust pipe; 315 — second combustion chamber; 316-heat exchange means;
317 — a second exhaust pipe; 318 — thermal bridge; 319-thermoacoustic engine;
320-a dc suppressor; 321-bidirectional turbine power generation device; 322-resonance tube;
323-water circuit; 101-a controller; 102-an electrical energy storage;
501-pressure sensor; 502-gas detector; 211-turbine moving blades;
212-guide vanes; 191 — a first connecting pipe; 192-a main cooler;
193-heat regenerator; 194 — hot side heat exchanger; 195-a thermal buffer tube;
196-sub-cooler; 197 — second connecting tube; 213-connecting shaft;
215-a fairing; 214-a rotary generator; 216 — connecting the pipes.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The present embodiment provides a domestic biogas cogeneration apparatus according to the present invention, referring to fig. 4, the apparatus comprising: a first combustion chamber 312, a thermoacoustic engine 319, and a bidirectional turbine power generation device 321; the first combustion chamber 312 is used for combusting combustible gas to obtain heat, a heat collecting device 313 is arranged in the first combustion chamber 312, the heat collecting device 313 is connected with the thermoacoustic engine 319 through a thermal bridge 318, the thermoacoustic engine 319 is connected with the bidirectional turbine power generation device 321, the two are combined to form the thermoacoustic power generation device, and the thermoacoustic engine 319 is simultaneously in contact connection with a water path 323.
The embodiment provides a household biogas cogeneration device, which comprises a first combustion chamber 312, a thermoacoustic engine 319 and a bidirectional turbine power generation device 321. The first combustion chamber 312 is used for combustion of fuel. The heat collecting device 313 is disposed inside the first combustion chamber 312, and can directly contact with high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion of fuel to obtain heat.
Specifically, the first combustor 38 is disposed at the top of the first combustion chamber 312, and related components required for fuel combustion are disposed in the first combustor 38. Fuel, i.e., combustible gas, enters the first burner 38 from the top of the first combustion chamber 312 for combustion.
The first combustion chamber 312 is communicated with the first combustor 38, and high-temperature flue gas generated by fuel combustion is gathered in the first combustion chamber 312. The internal cavity of the first combustion chamber 312 is used for arranging a heat collecting device 313. The first combustion chamber 312 is convenient for arranging the heat collecting device 313, and the heat collecting device 313 can exchange heat with high-temperature flue gas as much as possible.
A thermal bridge 318 is provided between the heat production device 313 and the thermoacoustic engine 319. One end of the thermal bridge 318 is connected to the heat production device 313, and the other end is connected to the thermoacoustic engine 319. Thermal bridge 318 transfers heat obtained by heat production device 313 to thermoacoustic engine 319. The thermoacoustic engine 319 uses this heat to generate reciprocating gas mechanical energy.
The thermoacoustic engine 319 is combined with a bidirectional turbine power plant 321. The bidirectional turbine generator 321 can convert the reciprocating mechanical energy into a unidirectional rotation, so as to drive the rotary generator 214 to generate electricity.
Further, the thermoacoustic engine 319 is simultaneously in contact with the water path 323. The water path 323 is a pipe in which the internal medium is water. The water path 323 flows through the thermoacoustic engine 319, and waste heat of the thermoacoustic engine 319 can be absorbed through convection heat transfer to generate hot water for life.
The thermoacoustic engine 319 is one of external combustion engines, has a wide working temperature range (the starting oscillation temperature can be lower than 100 ℃), can form a thermoacoustic power generation system when combined with an acoustic-electric conversion device, and has great potential in the aspect of low-grade heat source utilization. The thermoacoustic engine 319 has few moving parts, high intrinsic efficiency, environment-friendly working medium, high stability and reliability, and is rapidly developed in recent years.
The heat energy generated by the combustion of the combustible gas is used to drive the thermoacoustic engine 319. The thermoacoustic engine 319 converts the heat energy into reciprocating gas mechanical energy, so as to drive the bidirectional turbine power generation device 321 to convert the reciprocating gas mechanical energy into electric energy for output.
The thermoacoustic engine 319 and the bidirectional turbine power generation device 321 are combined for use to form a thermoacoustic power generation device, and the thermoacoustic power generation device is simple in structure, reliable in operation, low in cost of the whole machine, and more economical and reliable compared with the conventional system.
Meanwhile, the waste heat of the thermoacoustic engine 319 can be recycled to heat domestic water, so that the heat energy utilization rate is improved. The whole system has simple structure and high heat energy utilization rate, the scale of the thermoacoustic power generation can be flexibly designed according to actual needs, the construction scale can be large or small, the construction cost is low, the period is short, and the thermoacoustic power generation system is suitable for small and medium-sized household systems.
Further, the heat collecting device 313 may be composed of a plurality of heat pipes. Because the heat pipe has better heat transfer performance, the heat exchange efficiency of the heat collecting device 313 can be effectively improved by adopting the heat pipe, and the heat collecting efficiency of the heat collecting device 313 is ensured. In addition, the heat collecting device 313 may also adopt other manners to transfer heat, such as high-temperature fluid heat transfer, and specifically, a suitable heat transfer material may be selected according to actual needs.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, a domestic biogas cogeneration device further comprises: a second combustion chamber 315; the second combustion chamber 315 is used for combusting combustible gas, a heat exchange device 316 is arranged in the second combustion chamber 315, the heat exchange device 316 is connected with the water path 323, and water in the water path 323 flows through the heat exchange device 316.
This embodiment is based on the above embodiment, and the second combustion chamber 315 is added. The second combustion chamber 315 is also used for the combustion of combustible gases or other fuels. The heat obtained from the combustion of the fuel in the second combustion chamber 315 is used to further heat the water in the water circuit 323 by the heat exchanging device 316, so as to meet the user's demand for hot water.
Specifically, a second burner 311 is disposed at the top of the second combustion chamber 315, and related components required for fuel combustion are disposed in the second burner 311. Fuel, i.e., combustible gas, enters the second combustor 311 from the top of the second combustion chamber 315 for combustion.
The second combustion chamber 315 is in communication with the second combustor 311, and high temperature flue gas generated by the combustion of the fuel flows into the second combustion chamber 315. The inner cavity of the second combustion chamber 315 is used for arranging the heat exchanging means 316. The second combustion chamber 315 is disposed to facilitate the installation of the heat exchange device 316, and to ensure that the water flowing through the heat exchange device 316 and the high-temperature flue gas can be subjected to sufficient heat convection as much as possible.
A heat exchange means 316 is provided within the second combustion chamber 315. Heat exchange means 316 is connected to water path 323. After absorbing the waste heat of the thermoacoustic engine 319, the water in the water path 323 is preheated and then flows into the heat exchange device 316, and can perform convection heat exchange with the high-temperature flue gas to further heat the high-temperature flue gas.
The second combustion chamber 315 is provided to obtain hot water at a higher temperature to meet the needs of the user.
Further, the heat exchange device 316 can be a main heat exchanger for absorbing sensible heat of the high-temperature flue gas. The heat exchanger may include a main heat exchanger and a condensing heat exchanger. The condensation heat exchanger is used for absorbing latent heat of flue gas, and the main heat exchanger is used with the cooperation of condensation heat exchanger, is favorable to improving the thermal efficiency of device.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the combustible gas includes: biogas.
This embodiment is explained based on the above embodiment. The cogeneration device can use methane as combustible gas to generate heat.
The biogas is used as renewable energy, and is used for generating electricity and heating, so that the energy consumption can be saved, the economical efficiency can be improved, the full utilization of energy can be realized, and the pressure of energy shortage can be reduced.
The existing household biogas power generation device has the disadvantages of high system complexity, high cost, inconvenient maintenance, low heat energy utilization rate of biogas and low efficiency, and is not economical and reasonable when in use.
Based on the above problems, the present embodiment provides a household biogas cogeneration device using biogas as fuel, and using the thermoacoustic engine 319, which has the advantages of high efficiency, simple structure, and reliable operation, and simultaneously uses a bidirectional turbine power generation with high economy and strong power expansibility as the acoustoelectric conversion device to burn and generate power for biogas, and simultaneously can recycle the waste heat of the thermoacoustic engine 319, and provides a biogas cogeneration device with simple structure, convenient operation and maintenance, and more reasonable efficiency and economy, which has greater advantages and potentials in the aspect of small and medium-sized household biogas utilization.
On the basis of the above embodiment, referring to fig. 4, a domestic biogas cogeneration device further includes: a purification device 33 and a gas tank 35; one end of the purification device 33 is connected with one end of a biogas suction pump 32, the other end of the biogas suction pump 32 is connected with a biogas source, the other end of the purification device 33 is connected with the gas storage tank 35 through a gas pipeline 34, the gas storage tank 35 is connected with the first combustion chamber 312 through a first biogas regulating valve 36, the gas storage tank 35 is connected with the second combustion chamber 315 through a second biogas regulating valve 37, the first combustion chamber 312 is connected with a first air regulating valve 39, and the second combustion chamber 315 is connected with a second air regulating valve 310.
In the present embodiment, based on the above embodiment, a purification device 33, a biogas suction pump 32, a gas pipeline 34, a gas storage tank 35, a first biogas regulating valve 36 and a second biogas regulating valve 37 are added as a combustible gas introduction device. First, the biogas is pumped from the biogas source to the purification apparatus 33 by the biogas suction pump 32 and purified.
The biogas is purified before combustion, so that the combustion efficiency can be improved, the generation of pollutants is reduced, and the pollution to the environment is avoided.
The biogas after passing through the purification device 33 enters a gas storage tank 35 through a gas pipeline 34 for storage. When power generation is required, the first combustion chamber 312 is ignited. At this time, the first biogas regulating valve 36 can be activated to regulate the flow of biogas from the gas storage tank 35 into the first combustion chamber 312, and the biogas is delivered from the gas storage tank 35 to the first combustion chamber 312 for combustion.
Meanwhile, the first combustion chamber 312 is also connected to the first air adjustment valve 39. The first air adjustment valve 39 may be connected to a source of ambient air. The first air adjustment valve 39 is used to adjust the flow rate of air entering the first combustion chamber 312, and the air is delivered to the interior of the first combustion chamber 312 for biogas combustion.
When the second combustion chamber 315 needs to be ignited to obtain hot water with high temperature, the second biogas regulating valve 37 can be activated to regulate the flow rate of biogas entering the second combustion chamber 315 from the gas storage tank 35, and the biogas is conveyed from the gas storage tank 35 to the second combustion chamber 315 for combustion.
Meanwhile, the second combustion chamber 315 is also connected to the second air adjustment valve 310. The second air adjustment valve 310 may be connected to a source of ambient air. The second air adjustment valve 310 is used for adjusting the flow rate of air entering the second combustion chamber 315, and delivering the air to the inside of the second combustion chamber 315 for biogas combustion.
The first biogas regulating valve 36, the second biogas regulating valve 37, the first air regulating valve 39 and the second air regulating valve 310 are all flow regulating valves, and are used for controlling the delivery of biogas and air through the regulation of flow.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, referring to fig. 4, a domestic biogas cogeneration device further includes: a control device 31; the control device 31 comprises a controller 101 and an electric energy storage 102, the controller 101 is respectively connected with the biogas air pump 32, the first biogas regulating valve 36, the second biogas regulating valve 37, the first air regulating valve 39 and the second air regulating valve 310, and the electric energy storage 102 is connected with the bidirectional turbine power generation device 321.
The present embodiment further describes a household biogas cogeneration device based on the above embodiments. On the basis of the cogeneration device provided by the above embodiment, the control device 31 is additionally arranged for monitoring the operation condition of the whole system in real time and ensuring the safety and high efficiency of the whole system.
The controller 101 is provided in the control device 31. The controller 101 can be connected with the biogas air pump 32 and each regulating valve respectively through cables. The controller 101 can be used to control the biogas suction pump 32 and each regulating valve, so as to control the whole system to supply power or heat. The whole system is controlled more accurately by controlling the start and stop of the biogas air pump 32 and each regulating valve and the specific flow.
The whole system can only start the first combustion chamber 312 to supply power, or only start the first combustion chamber 312 to supply power while using the waste heat to supply heat. It is also possible to activate only the second combustion chamber 315 for heating. Or the first combustion chamber 312 and the second combustion chamber 315 may be activated simultaneously to supply both power and heat, providing hot water at a higher temperature while supplying power.
The heat energy generated by burning the biogas can be used for power generation or cogeneration, and can also be used for independently heating domestic water, and different modes can be selected for power supply and heat supply according to needs.
The control device 31 further comprises an electrical energy storage 102. The electric energy storage 102 can be connected with the bidirectional turbine power generation device 321 through a cable for storing the generated electric energy, so that the use is convenient.
The household biogas cogeneration device provided by the embodiment is based on a thermoacoustic generator, and mainly comprises a control device 31, a biogas purification device 33, a gas storage tank 35, a first combustion chamber 312, a second combustion chamber 315, a thermoacoustic engine 319, a bidirectional turbine power generation device 321, a water channel 323, a gas transmission pipeline 34, a corresponding biogas suction pump, regulating valves and the like.
The thermoacoustic engine 319 has a small volume, a simple structure and a high heat energy utilization rate, so that the structure of the whole system can be effectively simplified, the scale of thermoacoustic power generation can be flexibly designed according to actual needs, the construction scale can be large or small, the construction cost is low, the period is short, and the thermoacoustic engine is suitable for a household methane utilization system.
Further, a desulfurization filler is provided in the purification apparatus 33. The method is used for reducing the sulfur content in the biogas and improving the purity of the biogas, thereby promoting the power generation efficiency and protecting the environment.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the gas storage tank 35 is respectively connected to a pressure sensor 501 and a gas detector 502, and the pressure sensor 501 and the gas detector 502 are respectively connected to the controller 101.
In this embodiment, based on the above embodiment, the pressure sensor 501 and the gas detector 502 are added to the gas tank 35.
The gas storage tank 35 is provided with a pressure sensor 501 and a gas detector 502, the pressure in the gas storage tank 35 is monitored in real time through the pressure sensor 501, the internal pressure of the gas storage tank 35 is ensured to be at a reasonable level, and the sufficient methane volume in the gas storage tank 35 is ensured. Whether biogas leakage exists in the gas storage tank 35 is monitored in real time through the gas detector 502.
The controller 101 of the control device 31 is connected to the pressure sensor 501 and the gas detector 502, respectively, and can monitor the safety state of the gas tank 35 at any time.
The pressure sensor 501 and the gas detector 502 are additionally arranged, so that the safety of the gas storage tank 35 can be guaranteed, and the safety of the whole system is improved.
In addition to the above embodiments, a heat-dissipating paint is further applied to the outer side wall of the air tank 35.
In this embodiment, based on the above embodiment, the outer side wall of the air tank 35 is coated with a heat-dissipating paint, which may be, for example, a heat-dissipating paint. The gas storage tank 35 is used for storing purified methane, and a layer of heat dissipation coating is coated on the outer wall of each part of the gas storage tank 35 to improve the stability of the methane in the gas storage tank 35.
The heat dissipation coating is coated on the outer side wall of the gas storage tank 35, so that methane explosion can be prevented, heat of all parts of the methane tank is conducted, heat accumulation inside the gas tank is avoided, and hidden danger caused by methane temperature rise in the gas storage tank 35 in high-temperature weather is avoided.
Meanwhile, the heat dissipation coating also has certain flame retardance, rust resistance, scratch resistance and organic chemical resistance, can improve the hardness and impact resistance of the surface of the gas storage tank 35, and is favorable for improving the safety of the gas storage tank 35.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the diameter ratio of the gas transmission pipeline to the gas storage tank 35 is: 1:5-1:8.
The present embodiment is explained based on the above embodiments, regarding the relative sizes of the gas transmission pipeline and the gas storage tank 35. The ratio of the diameter of the gas transmission pipeline to the diameter of the gas storage tank 35 is 1:5-8, which is beneficial to controlling the speed of inputting and outputting the methane to avoid the potential safety hazards of too fast and too small gas flow.
The present embodiment is explained based on the above-described embodiments, with respect to the bidirectional turbine generator 321. The bi-directional turbine power plant 321 includes a turbine and a rotary generator 214. A bidirectional turbine may be used to convert the mechanical energy of the gas oscillation into unidirectional rotational motion. Thereby driving the rotary generator 214 to generate electricity.
The turbine may in particular be a Wils turbine or a two-way impulse turbine.
FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of a Wils turbine rotor blade 211, which is "lift-type" in principle, using symmetrical blades. FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a bi-directional impulse turbine blade 211, which is similar to a conventional single stage axial flow impulse turbine. On both sides of the weirs turbine or the two-way impulse turbine, a set of guide vanes 212 are fitted, as shown in fig. 7, the guide vanes 212 from the upstream resemble a nozzle cascade and the guide vanes 212 from the downstream resemble a diffuser cascade. The thrust generated by the reciprocating fluid after passing through the guide vanes 212 causes the turbine to rotate in the same direction.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, with reference to fig. 8, the thermoacoustic engine 319 comprises at least one engine base unit; any one of the engine basic units is formed by sequentially connecting a first connecting pipe 191, a main cooler 192, a heat regenerator 193, a hot end heat exchanger 194, a thermal buffer pipe 195, a secondary cooler 196 and a second connecting pipe 197, wherein the hot end heat exchanger 194 is connected with the thermal bridge 318, and the first connecting pipe 191 and the second connecting pipe 197 are connected through a resonant pipe 322.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, referring to fig. 8, a plurality of the engine base units are connected in series by the resonance tubes 322 to form a loop, the bidirectional turbine power generating device 321 is connected in series or is connected in the loop in a side-by-side manner, the bidirectional turbine power generating device 321 is placed at a position near the top of the resonance tubes 322 of the sub-cooler 196, and the dc suppressor 320 is provided in the first connection tube 191 of one engine base unit.
The present embodiment explains the structure of the thermoacoustic engine 319 based on the above-described embodiment. The thermoacoustic engine 319 is constituted by an engine base unit. The basic unit of the thermoacoustic engine 319 comprises a first connecting pipe 191, an engine main cooler 192, an engine regenerator 193, an engine hot end heat exchanger 194, a thermal buffer pipe 195, an engine secondary cooler 196 and a second connecting pipe 197 in sequence.
The engine hot side heat exchanger 194 is adapted to be coupled to the thermal bridge 318 to receive external heat. The engine main cooler 192 serves to remove heat from the room temperature end of the engine regenerator 193, thereby creating a large temperature gradient in the axial direction of the engine regenerator 193.
The engine regenerator 193 is used for generating thermo-acoustic oscillation in the heated working medium gas, so as to convert heat energy into mechanical energy and generate acoustic work. A thermal buffer tube 195 is positioned between the engine hot end heat exchanger 194 and the engine subcooler 196 for thermally isolating the engine hot end heat exchanger 194 from the engine subcooler 196 to reduce heat leakage from the engine hot end heat exchanger 194 to the engine subcooler 196 while allowing acoustic work to be transferred outwardly from the high temperature regions of the engine.
Further, the number of the basic units of the thermoacoustic engine 319 can be set according to actual needs. When the required power supply amount is low, a smaller number of engine base units can be used. When the required power supply amount is high, a large number of engine base units can be used.
When the thermoacoustic engine 319 has only one engine base unit, the resonance tube 322 connects the first connection tube 191 and the second connection tube 197 to form a loop. When the thermoacoustic engine 319 is composed of two or more engine base units, the engine base units are connected in series, and any two adjacent base units are connected by the resonance tube 322 to form a loop.
The bi-directional turbine power plant 321 may be connected in series or in a bypass loop. In theory, the bidirectional turbine power plant 321 may be located anywhere in the loop. Preferably, the bi-directional turbine 321 is placed near the top of the resonator tubes 322 of the secondary cooler 196, i.e., where the resonator tubes 322 meet the second connection pipe 197.
Further, a dc suppressor 320 may be provided at the inlet of any of the engine base unit main coolers 192 to suppress mass flow generated in the loop, resulting in a significant increase in system efficiency. In the loop formed by the series connection of several thermoacoustic engines 319, only one dc suppressor 320 has to be provided, and one dc suppressor 320 can be provided in the first connecting pipe 191 of any one engine base unit.
Further, the water path 323 may be in contact with the main cooler 192 of the thermoacoustic engine 319. The water path 323 absorbs waste heat of the main cooler 192, and heats water.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further referring to fig. 9, the bidirectional turbine power generation device specifically includes: turbine moving blades 211, guide vanes 212, a connecting shaft 213, a fairing 215 and a rotary generator 214; guide vanes 212 are provided on both sides of the turbine moving blades 211, the turbine moving blades 211 are connected to a rotating shaft of the rotary generator 214 via the connecting shaft 213, the rotary generator 214 is provided on one side or both sides of the turbine moving blades 211, the cowling 215 is used to rectify gas flowing in and out, and the rotary generator 214 is provided inside or outside the cowling 215.
The present embodiment is explained based on the above-described embodiments, and the specific structure of the bidirectional turbine generator 321 is explained. The bidirectional turbine power generation device 321 comprises turbine moving blades 211, guide vanes 212, a connecting shaft 213, a rotary generator 214 and a fairing 215. The fairing 215 is used to rectify the flow of gas into and out of the turbine area, reducing losses.
The turbine moving blades 211, the guide vanes 212, the connecting shaft 213, the rotary generator 214 and the fairing 215 are all arranged inside the connecting pipeline 216.
The rotary generator 214 may be disposed within the fairing 215 or may be disposed outside the fairing 215. The rotary generators 214 may be arranged symmetrically or may be arranged on one side. The bidirectional turbine generator 321 converts the alternating flow of the reciprocating gas into a rotational motion, thereby driving the rotating electrical machine to generate electricity.
The bidirectional turbine can be connected in series in the loop or can be connected in the loop by side.
The bidirectional turbine is a single-stage turbine or an N-stage turbine, N is an integer larger than 1, and the N-stage turbine is formed by connecting single-stage turbines in series, and drives the same rotating shaft to rotate in a single direction to drive the rotating motor to generate electricity.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further referring to fig. 4, a household biogas cogeneration device is composed of a control device 31, a biogas purification device 33, a gas storage tank 35, a first combustion chamber 312, a second combustion chamber 315, a thermoacoustic engine 319, a bidirectional turbine power generation device 321, a water path 323, a gas transmission pipeline 34 and corresponding biogas suction pumps and air suction pumps.
The thermoacoustic generator is composed of three groups of basic thermoacoustic engine 319 units connected in series end to end through acoustic resonance tubes 322. A bi-directional turbine generator 321 is positioned near the top of the resonator tubes 322 of the secondary cooler 196 and converts the alternating flow of reciprocating gas into rotational motion that drives the rotating electrical machine to generate electricity.
The bidirectional turbine generator 321 may be connected in series with the pipeline or may be connected in parallel with the pipeline. The acoustic resonator tubes 322 are used to provide a good impedance phase for the engine loop system. The dc suppressor 320 may be placed at the inlet of any of the engine base unit main coolers 192 to suppress mass flow generated in the loop, resulting in significant system efficiency improvements.
When the whole system is in operation, the biogas is sucked into the purification device 33 by the biogas suction pump 32, and the filler in the purification device 33 reacts with the biogas to remove a large amount of sulfur elements in the biogas and improve the purity of the biogas. The purified biogas is stored in the gas storage tank 35.
When power generation is needed, the first biogas regulating valve 36 and the first air regulating valve 39 are started, the mixture of air and biogas enters the first combustion chamber 312 to be combusted to generate heat, and waste gas generated by combustion is discharged through the first exhaust pipe 314.
Inside the first combustion chamber 312, the heat production device 313 conducts the collected heat through the thermal bridge 318 to the hot side heat exchanger 194 of the thermoacoustic engine 319. The heat energy is converted into reciprocating mechanical energy by the thermoacoustic engine 319, so that the bidirectional turbine is pushed to rotate in a single direction, and the rotary generator 214 is driven to generate electricity.
The electric energy generated by the motor can be transmitted to the electric energy storage 102 in the control device 31 through a cable, and can also be output to the outside for use by other electric equipment.
In the water path 323, the water to be heated in the system first exchanges heat with the waste heat generated by the thermoacoustic engine 319 during operation, so as to obtain preheated hot water. If the heat supply of the thermoacoustic generator can meet the water demand of the user, the second methane regulating valve 37 and the second air regulating valve 310 are not started, and the heating and the power generation of the hot water required by the user are completed by the thermoacoustic generator.
If the thermoacoustic generator is unable to meet the water demand of the user, the second biogas regulating valve 37 and the second air regulating valve 310 may be actuated, the mixture of air and biogas enters the second combustion chamber 315 to be combusted to generate heat, and the exhaust gas generated by the combustion is exhausted through the second exhaust pipe 317. At this time, the preheated water flowing into the second combustion chamber 315 continuously exchanges heat with high-temperature flue gas generated by biogas combustion in the second combustion chamber 315, so as to meet the requirements of users on water and electricity.
If the user does not need the thermoacoustic generator to generate electricity and the water entering the second combustion chamber 315 does not need to be preheated, the first biogas regulating valve 36 and the first air regulating valve 39 can be closed, the second biogas regulating valve 37 and the second air regulating valve 310 can be started, i.e. the thermoacoustic generator does not work, and the user can be supplied with water by burning through the second combustion chamber 315 alone.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, referring to fig. 10, another specific embodiment of a domestic biogas cogeneration device, compared to the above embodiment, the thermo-acoustic engine 319 portion comprises four sets of basic units of the thermo-acoustic engine 319. The embodiment can output larger electric energy to meet the requirement of a user.
According to the household biogas and heat cogeneration device based on thermoacoustic power generation, by utilizing the advantages of high efficiency, simple structure, reliable operation and the like of the thermoacoustic engine 319, the bidirectional turbine power generation with high economy and strong power expansibility is adopted as the sound-electricity conversion device to burn biogas for power generation, the waste heat of the thermoacoustic engine 319 is recycled, meanwhile, different modes can be selected according to needs for power supply and heat supply, the structure is simple, the operation and maintenance are convenient, the scale can be flexibly designed according to actual needs, and the device has greater advantages and potentials in the aspect of small and medium household biogas utilization.
Finally, the method of the present application is only a preferred embodiment and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A domestic biogas cogeneration unit, comprising: the system comprises a first combustion chamber, a thermoacoustic engine and a bidirectional turbine power generation device; the first combustion chamber is used for combusting combustible gas to obtain heat, a heat collecting device is arranged in the first combustion chamber, the heat collecting device is connected with the thermoacoustic engine through a heat bridge, the thermoacoustic engine is connected with the bidirectional turbine power generation device, and the thermoacoustic engine is simultaneously in contact connection with a water path.
2. The domestic biogas heat and power co-generation device according to claim 1, further comprising: a second combustion chamber; the second combustion chamber is used for combusting combustible gas, a heat exchange device is arranged in the second combustion chamber, the heat exchange device is connected with the water channel, and water in the water channel flows through the heat exchange device.
3. A domestic biogas cogeneration unit according to claim 2, further comprising: a purification device and a gas storage tank; one end of the purifying device is connected with one end of a methane air pump, the other end of the methane air pump is connected with a methane source, the other end of the purifying device is connected with the air storage tank through an air transmission pipeline, the air storage tank is connected with the first combustion chamber through a first methane adjusting valve, the air storage tank is connected with the second combustion chamber through a second methane adjusting valve, the first combustion chamber is connected with a first air adjusting valve, and the second combustion chamber is connected with a second air adjusting valve.
4. A domestic biogas cogeneration unit according to claim 3, further comprising: a control device; the control device comprises a controller and an electric energy storage, the controller is respectively connected with the biogas air pump, the first biogas regulating valve, the second biogas regulating valve, the first air regulating valve and the second air regulating valve, and the electric energy storage is connected with the bidirectional turbine power generation device.
5. The domestic biogas heat and power cogeneration device according to claim 4, wherein the gas storage tank is respectively connected with a pressure sensor and a gas detector, and the pressure sensor and the gas detector are respectively connected with the controller.
6. A domestic biogas cogeneration unit according to claim 3, wherein a heat-dissipating paint is applied on an outer side wall of said gas tank.
7. A domestic biogas cogeneration unit according to claim 3, wherein the ratio of the diameter of said gas transmission pipe to said gas storage tank is: 1:5-1:8.
8. A domestic biogas heat and power co-generation device according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the thermo-acoustic engine comprises at least one engine base unit; any one of the basic units of the engine is sequentially connected by a first connecting pipe, a main cooler, a heat regenerator, a hot end heat exchanger, a thermal buffer pipe, a secondary cooler and a second connecting pipe, the hot end heat exchanger is connected with the thermal bridge, and the first connecting pipe is connected with the second connecting pipe through a resonant pipe.
9. A domestic biogas heat and power co-generation device according to claim 8, wherein a plurality of the engine base units are connected in series by the resonance tube to form a loop, the bidirectional turbine power generation device is connected in series or connected in the loop in a side-by-side manner, the bidirectional turbine power generation device is placed at a position near the top of the resonance tube of the sub-cooler, and the dc suppressor is provided in the first connection tube of one engine base unit.
10. A domestic biogas cogeneration unit according to claim 1, wherein said bidirectional turbine power plant comprises in particular: the turbine power generation system comprises turbine moving blades, guide vanes, a connecting shaft, a fairing and a rotary generator; guide vanes are respectively arranged on two sides of the turbine moving blades, the turbine moving blades are connected with a rotating shaft of the rotary generator through the connecting shaft, the rotary generator is arranged on one side or two sides of the turbine moving blades, the fairing is used for rectifying gas flowing in and out, and the rotary generator is arranged inside or outside the fairing.
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| CN201810020248.2A CN108316978B (en) | 2018-01-09 | 2018-01-09 | Household biogas cogeneration device |
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| CN201810020248.2A CN108316978B (en) | 2018-01-09 | 2018-01-09 | Household biogas cogeneration device |
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| US6604364B1 (en) * | 2002-11-22 | 2003-08-12 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Thermoacoustic cogeneration system |
| JP2006112260A (en) * | 2004-10-13 | 2006-04-27 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Thermoacoustic engine |
| US10156185B2 (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2018-12-18 | Nirvana Energy Systems, Inc. | Secure control system for multistage thermo acoustic micro-CHP generator |
| CN106540471B (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2019-02-19 | 广西大学 | A kind of method and device using triple effect evaporation technique concentration biogas slurry |
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