CN108305872B - 高压半导体元件以及同步整流控制器 - Google Patents

高压半导体元件以及同步整流控制器 Download PDF

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CN108305872B
CN108305872B CN201710022318.3A CN201710022318A CN108305872B CN 108305872 B CN108305872 B CN 108305872B CN 201710022318 A CN201710022318 A CN 201710022318A CN 108305872 B CN108305872 B CN 108305872B
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邱国卿
高正升
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Leadtrend Technology Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/02Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L27/04Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being a semiconductor body
    • H01L27/06Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration
    • H01L27/0611Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration integrated circuits having a two-dimensional layout of components without a common active region
    • H01L27/0617Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration integrated circuits having a two-dimensional layout of components without a common active region comprising components of the field-effect type
    • H01L27/0629Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration integrated circuits having a two-dimensional layout of components without a common active region comprising components of the field-effect type in combination with diodes, or resistors, or capacitors
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    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01L27/00Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/02Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L27/0203Particular design considerations for integrated circuits
    • H01L27/0248Particular design considerations for integrated circuits for electrical or thermal protection, e.g. electrostatic discharge [ESD] protection
    • H01L27/0251Particular design considerations for integrated circuits for electrical or thermal protection, e.g. electrostatic discharge [ESD] protection for MOS devices
    • H01L27/0255Particular design considerations for integrated circuits for electrical or thermal protection, e.g. electrostatic discharge [ESD] protection for MOS devices using diodes as protective elements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/02Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L27/0203Particular design considerations for integrated circuits
    • H01L27/0248Particular design considerations for integrated circuits for electrical or thermal protection, e.g. electrostatic discharge [ESD] protection
    • H01L27/0251Particular design considerations for integrated circuits for electrical or thermal protection, e.g. electrostatic discharge [ESD] protection for MOS devices
    • H01L27/0296Particular design considerations for integrated circuits for electrical or thermal protection, e.g. electrostatic discharge [ESD] protection for MOS devices involving a specific disposition of the protective devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only

Abstract

本发明实施例提供一种高压半导体元件,其整合有一肖特基二极管。该高压半导体元件包含有半导体基底、基体区、漂移区、第一金属电极、第一重掺杂区、第二金属电极、以及控制栅结构。该基体区为第一类型,设于该半导体基底的第一区域。该漂移区为与该第一类型相反的第二类型,邻近该基体区,且形成第一结,介于该基体区与该漂移区之间。该第一金属电极设于该漂移区上,于该漂移区中形成肖特基接触,作为该肖特基二极管。该第一重掺杂区为该第二类型,设于该基体区内。该第二金属电极与该第一重掺杂区相接触而形成欧姆接触。该控制栅结构具有栅电极,可控制该漂移区与该第一重掺杂区之间的电连接。该半导体基底与该基体区大致相电性短路。

Description

高压半导体元件以及同步整流控制器
技术领域
本发明关于一种高压金氧半晶体管(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field EffectTransistor,MOSFET),尤指一种可以阻挡逆电流的高压MOSFET。
背景技术
高压MOSFET是一种半导体元件,一般是指可以耐受超过5V以上的漏源极跨压(drain-to-source voltage)的MOSFET。应用上,可以用来切换负载,或是用于电源管理上在不同电压准位间的转换,或是作为高功率放大器中的功率元件。
基于规格要求,高压MOSFET需要具备有相当高的漏源极跨压的崩溃电压。此外,往往因为应用上的不同,高压MOSFET还需要有一些特别的规格。举例来说,有的高压MOSFET需要有低的栅极至源极电容(gate-to-source capacitance),可以适用于高速切换。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一高压半导体元件,其整合有一肖特基二极管。该高压半导体元件包含有一半导体基底、一基体区、一漂移区、一第一金属电极、一第一重掺杂区、一第二金属电极、以及一控制栅结构。该基体区为一第一类型,设于该半导体基底的一第一区域。该漂移区为与该第一类型相反的一第二类型,邻近该基体区,且形成一第一结,介于该基体区与该漂移区之间。该第一金属电极设于该漂移区上,于该漂移区中形成一肖特基接触,作为该肖特基二极管。该第一重掺杂区为该第二类型,设于该基体区内。该第二金属电极与该第一重掺杂区相接触而形成一欧姆接触。该控制栅结构具有一栅电极,可控制该漂移区与该第一重掺杂区之间的电连接。该半导体基底与该基体区大致相电性短路。
本发明实施例提供一种高压半导体元件,包含有一横向扩散金属氧化物半导体以及一肖特基二极管。该横向扩散金属氧化物半导体包含有一源极、一漏极、一栅极以及一体极。该横向扩散金属氧化物半导体还具有一寄生二极管,连接于该体极与该漏极之间。该肖特基二极管连接至该漏极,用以防止该寄生二极管顺偏压而产生逆电流。该肖特基二极管与该漏极之间,没有通过欧姆接触相电性连接。
附图说明
图1A与图1B分别显示依据本发明所实施的一高压MOSFET的一剖面图以及一等效电路图。
图2显示图1A与图1B中的高压MOSFET的电压电流曲线。
图3显示依据本发明所实施的一电源供应器。
图4显示图3中的PWM信号VPWM、同步整流开关22上的跨压VREC、以及驱动信号VDRV
符号说明
10 电源供应器
12 一次侧控制器
14 功率开关
16 同步整流控制器
18 负载
20 变压器
20P 一次侧线圈
20S 二次侧线圈
22 同步整流开关
100 高压MOSFET
102 LDMOS
104 肖特基二极管
106 P型半导体基底
107 区域
108 P型基体区
109 区域
110 N型漂移区
112、114 PN结
116 P型重掺杂区
117 场隔绝区
118 N型重掺杂区
120 N型轻掺杂区
121 场隔绝区
122、124、130 金属电极
126 多晶硅导电层
128 栅电极
140 控制栅结构
142 寄生二极管
143 栅绝缘层
BULK、DRAIN、GATE、SOURCE 端
DET 侦测接脚
DRV 驱动接脚
GND 接地接脚
ID 电流
SGND 二次侧接地线
VPWM PWM信号
VDRV 驱动信号
VDS 漏源极跨压
VGS 栅源极跨压
VIN 输入电源
VOUT 输出电源
VREC 跨压
具体实施方式
在本说明书中,有一些相同的符号,其表示具有相同或是类似的结构、功能、原理的元件,且为业界具有一般知识能力者可以依据本说明书的教导而推知。为说明书的简洁性考虑,相同的符号的元件将不再重述。
本发明的一个实施例提供一高压MOSFET,其整合有一横向扩散金氧半场效晶体管(laterally diffused metal oxide semiconductor,LDMOS)与一肖特基二极管(SchottkyDiode),彼此串联。该肖特基二极管顺向偏压时,该LDMOS可以耐受高漏源极跨压。当该肖特基二极管逆向偏压时,该肖特基二极管可以防止该高压MOSFET所在的一集成电路,因为流通过高的逆电流而烧毁。
图1A与图1B分别显示依据本发明所实施的一高压MOSFET 100的一剖面图以及一等效电路图。高压MOSFET 100整合有一LDMOS 102与一肖特基二极管104,彼此串联,如同图1B中的等效电路图所示。LDMOS 102具有一寄生二极管142连接于BULK端与肖特基二极管104之间。
如同图1A中的剖面图所示,高压MOSFET 100具有一P型半导体基底(semiconductor substrate)106。P型半导体基底106中的一区域107形成有一P型基体区108,一区域109形成有一N型漂移区110,邻近P型基体区108。P型基体区108直接与P型半导体基底106相接触,形成电性上的短路。N型漂移区110与P型基体区108形成一PN结(junction)112,N型漂移区110与P型半导体基底106形成另一PN结114。两个PN结112与114在电路上成为图1B中的寄生二极管142。
P型基体区108中形成有P型重掺杂区116与N型重掺杂区118,两者之间以一场隔绝区(field oxide,FOX)117相隔开。P型基体区108与N型重掺杂区118之间形成一PN结。在另一实施例中,场隔绝区117可以省略,P型重掺杂区116与N型重掺杂区118相接触。
N型漂移区110中形成有一N型轻掺杂区120。一场隔绝区121形成于N型轻掺杂区120与P型基体区108之间,在N型漂移区110的一表面。场隔绝区121与场隔绝区117、以及其他的场隔绝区都是经历同一制程而形成,具有大致相同的厚度。
在一实施例中,每个金属电极122、124、130都包含有一导电层以及至少一接触插塞(contact plug)。金属电极122、124、130分别跟P型重掺杂区116、N型重掺杂区118、N型轻掺杂区120相接触。金属电极122、124与P型重掺杂区116、N型重掺杂区118之间形成欧姆接触,没有整流效果。但金属电极130与N型轻掺杂区120之间形成一肖特基接触,具有整流效果。在一实施例中,金属电极130与N型漂移区110之间,电性上只有通过肖特基接触相连接,没有通过任何金属与半导体之间所形成的欧姆接触相电性连接。
控制栅结构140具有一栅电极128、一多晶硅导电层126、以及一栅绝缘层143。控制栅结构140可以控制N型漂移区110与N型重掺杂区118之间的电连接。栅电极128包含有一导电层以及至少一接触插塞,电性上与多晶硅导电层126相短路。多晶硅导电层126部分的设于场隔绝区121上,可以作为场板(field plate)。栅绝缘层143从场隔绝区121延伸出来,位于多晶硅导电层126与P型基体区108之间,可以阻隔多晶硅导电层126与P型基体区108之间的电连接。
以N型的掺杂浓度而言,N型重掺杂区118大于N型轻掺杂区120,N型轻掺杂区120大于N型漂移区110。以P型的掺杂浓度而言,P型重掺杂区116大于P型基体区108,P型基体区108大于P型半导体基底106。
图1A中的剖面图同时显示有LDMOS 102,其栅极、源极、体极、漏极分别是栅电极128、金属电极124、金属电极122、N型漂移区110。金属电极130与N型轻掺杂区120之间的肖特基接触可以作为肖特基二极管104。N型轻掺杂区120电路上与N型漂移区110相短路。所以,LDMOS 102与肖特基二极管104相串联,如同图1B中的等效电路图所示。肖特基二极管104与N型漂移区110(也就是LDMOS 102的漏极)之间,并没有任何的欧姆接触提供电性连接。如同图1A所示,栅电极128、金属电极124、金属电极122以及金属电极130分别标示为电路上的GATE端、SOURCE端、BULK端以及DRAIN端。
图2显示图1A与图1B中的高压MOSFET 100的电压电流曲线,其中漏源极跨压VDS表示从DRAIN端到SOURCE端之间的跨压、栅源极跨压VGS表示GATE端到SOURCE端之间的跨压、电流ID表示从DRAIN端流入高压MOSFET 100的电流。
当漏源极跨压VDS为负时,肖特基二极管104逆向偏压,可以防止BULK端到N型漂移区110之间的寄生二极管142因顺向偏压导通而产生相当大的逆电流。当然,这样的防止效果会随着肖特基二极管104因过高的负压崩溃而消失。当漏源极跨压VDS为正时,肖特基二极管104顺向偏压,高压MOSFET100的电压电流曲线大致上符合一LDMOS,只是漏源极跨压VDS需要额外的克服肖特基二极管104的顺向电压(forward voltage)才可能会有电流。高压MOSFET 100中的LDMOS 102为一增强型(enhancement-mode)金属氧化物半导体元件。当栅源极跨压VGS为0V时,高压MOSFET 100都是呈现关闭状态,电流ID大约都是0。只有当栅源极跨压VGS超过大于0的临界电压VTH时,电流ID才可能大于0。
图3显示依据本发明所实施的一电源供应器10,为一反激式转换器(flybackconverter),用以将输入电源VIN转换成输出电源VOUT。输出电源VOUT可以对一负载18供电。一次侧有一次侧控制器12,提供脉冲宽度调制(pulse-width modulation,PWM)信号VPWM来控制功率开关14,其串联于一变压器20中的一次侧线圈20P。二次侧有同步整流开关22,与变压器中的二次侧线圈20S相串联。
同步整流控制器16为封装好的一集成电路,有一驱动接脚DRV,耦合至同步整流开关22。通过提供驱动信号VDRV至同步整流开关22,同步整流控制器16可以控制二次线圈20S与一二次侧接地线SGND之间的电性连接。同步整流控制器16还有一侦测接脚DET,其连接至同步整流开关22与二次线圈20S之间的接点。同步整流控制器16通过侦测接脚DET,来侦测同步整流开关22上的跨压VREC
同步整流控制器16具有图1A与图1B中的高压MOSFET 100。高压MOSFET 100的DRAIN端直接电连接到侦测接脚DET,而高压MOSFET 100的BULK端,则通过同步整流控制器16的一接地接脚GND,电连接到二次侧接地线SGND。
图4显示图3中的PWM信号VPWM、同步整流开关22上的跨压VREC、以及驱动信号VDRV。当PWM信号VPWM出现一下降沿(falling edge)时,功率开关14被关闭,跨压VREC转变为负压。当同步整流控制器16侦测到跨压VREC为负时,同步整流控制器16提供驱动信号VDRV,开启同步整流开关22。
如同图4所示,在跨压VREC一变成负值时,因为变压器20中的漏感(leakageinductance)与功率开关14的寄生电容,所以跨压VREC在短时间内将大幅震荡,震荡幅度可能高达10V,使得侦测接脚DET可能出现超过负10V的负电压。如果没有高压MOSFET 100中的肖特基二极管104,此负电压,可以使得BULK端到DRAIN端的寄生二极管142顺向偏压,而产生相当大的逆电流,其可能烧毁LDMOS 102。换言之,肖特基二极管104可以阻挡逆电流的产生,保护LDMOS 102。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依据本发明权利要求的范围所做出的均等变化与修饰,均应属于本发明的涵盖范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种高压半导体元件,其整合有一肖特基二极管,该高压半导体元件包含有:
一半导体基底;
一基体区,为一第一类型,设于该半导体基底的一第一区域;
一漂移区,为与该第一类型相反的一第二类型,邻近该基体区,且形成一第一结,介于该基体区与该漂移区之间;
一第一金属电极,设于该漂移区上,于该漂移区中形成一肖特基接触,作为该肖特基二极管;
一第一重掺杂区,为该第二类型,设于该基体区内;
一第二金属电极,与该第一重掺杂区相接触而形成一欧姆接触;以及
一控制栅结构,具有一栅电极,可控制该漂移区与该第一重掺杂区之间的电连接;
其中,该半导体基底与该基体区大致相电性短路。
2.如权利要求1所述的高压半导体元件,其中,该高压半导体元件包含有一横向扩散金属氧化物半导体,与该肖特基二极管相串联,该第二金属电极为该横向扩散金属氧化物半导体的一源极,该漂移区为该横向扩散金属氧化物半导体的一漏极。
3.如权利要求2所述的高压半导体元件,其中,该横向扩散金属氧化物半导体为一增强型金属氧化物半导体元件。
4.如权利要求1所述的高压半导体元件,还包含有一场隔绝区,设于该肖特基接触与该第一结之间。
5.如权利要求4所述的高压半导体元件,该控制栅结构包含有:
一多晶硅导电层,部分地设于该场隔绝区上;以及
一栅绝缘层,从该场隔绝区延伸,位于该多晶硅导电层与该基体区之间,用以阻隔该多晶硅导电层与该基体区之间的电连接。
6.如权利要求1所述的高压半导体元件,还包含有一轻掺杂区,为该第二类型,设于该漂移区中,其中,该第一金属电极与该轻掺杂区相接触,形成该肖特基接触。
7.一种高压半导体元件,包含有:
一横向扩散金属氧化物半导体,其具有一源极、一漏极、一栅极以及一体极,其中,该横向扩散金属氧化物半导体具有一寄生二极管,连接于该体极与该漏极之间;以及
一肖特基二极管,连接至该漏极,用以防止该寄生二极管顺偏压而产生逆电流;
其中,该肖特基二极管与该漏极之间,没有通过欧姆接触相电性连接,
其中,该高压半导体元件还包含一轻掺杂区和一金属电极,该轻掺杂区形成在该漏极中,该金属电极与该轻掺杂区之间形成一肖特基接触,作为该肖特基二极管。
8.如权利要求7所述的高压半导体元件,其中,该横向扩散金属氧化物半导体为一增强型金属氧化物半导体元件。
9.一种同步整流控制器,为一集成电路,适用于一电源供应器,其包含有一变压器以及一同步整流开关,该变压器包含有一一次侧线圈以及一二次侧线圈,彼此相电感耦合,该同步整流开关与该二次侧线圈相串联,该同步整流控制器包含有:
一驱动接脚,耦合至该同步整流开关,该同步整流控制器通过该驱动接脚,控制该二次侧线圈与一电源线之间的电性连接;
一侦测接脚,耦合至该二次侧线圈;以及
如权利要求1所述的高压半导体元件,其中,该侦测接脚电连接至该第一金属电极,该基体区电连接至该电源线。
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