CN108304576A - A kind of the Ecological Control line demarcation method and device of intelligent interactive - Google Patents
A kind of the Ecological Control line demarcation method and device of intelligent interactive Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the Ecological Control line demarcation method and device of a kind of intelligent interactive, the method includes：Selected survey region, and ecological suitability analysis is carried out to the key element of the survey region, obtain the spatial data of the key element and ecological suitability analysis result is generated according to the spatial data；Using GIS spatial analytical methods, the default protection zone of the survey region is identified, and according to the default protection zone, generate preliminary Ecological Control line scheme；Based on the space optimization model built in advance, according to the ecological suitability analysis result and preliminary Ecological Control line scheme, Ecological Control line delimitation is carried out to the survey region using intelligent optimization algorithm, obtains the final Ecological Control line scheme of the survey region.The present invention can objectively carry out Ecological Control line delimitation, while consider Ecological Suitability and pattern compactness, and can rationally and effectively Ecological Control line scheme be connected and be coordinated with existing ecosystem environment management achievement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological protection, in particular to an intelligent interactive ecological control line planning method and device.
Background
The ecological control line is an ecological environment protection boundary line which is divided according to relevant laws and regulations and laws and by combining the actual conditions of the area per se on the premise of respecting reasonable environment bearing capacity and a natural ecological system in order to guarantee the ecological safety of the area, maintain the integrity, scientificity and continuity of an ecological system and inhibit the disordered expansion of urban land use. The ecological control line plays an extremely key role in the aspects of regional sustainable development, ecological environment management, resource protection and the like. However, the ecological control line still belongs to a new object, and the definition standard, the definition method, the management system and the like of the ecological control line are not clearly and uniformly specified so far.
The existing ecological control line demarcation method can be mainly divided into two types.
The first method is common in the actual ecological environment planning work, namely, the first method is defined by combining the conventional GIS space analysis method, ecological suitability analysis, artificial comprehensive mapping and other technologies. Firstly, performing space superposition analysis on existing planning results such as development forbidden areas, ecological fragile areas, ecological sensitive areas and the like in a research area; then carrying out ecological suitability analysis, and dividing the place with high suitability value into the range of an ecological control line until the area requirement is met; finally, the pattern spots are processed manually, and tiny independent spots and the like are removed one by one. For example, Geneletti and van Duren have divided the ecological protection area of Matino Italy by GIS space analysis, multi-objective and multi-criterion evaluation method, and they first evaluate the ecological suitability of each homogeneous unit in the research area and then divide the natural protection area according to the order of the suitability value. Tulloch et al, in combination with GIS and a multi-criteria evaluation method, have implemented the division of the agricultural land protection area in Huntington areas of the United states, and they determine the protection priority of each agricultural land by evaluating the soil conditions, land area, and neighborhood land utilization of the agricultural land parcel in the research area. Well known and well known people carry out detailed exploration on the ecosystem, marine resources, species resources and distribution thereof of the Shenzhen Shangpen new region by integrating 3S technology and ecological field surveying, and an ecological protection line grading scheme is divided on the basis of the detailed exploration. The Yankeen et al utilize remote sensing data and GIS technology to evaluate the ecological environment resource state in Jiangsu province, and based on the evaluation, a first-level strict control area and a second-level ecological protection control area are defined in the whole province range, and each level is subdivided into fifteen types of ecological protection line areas.
The second method is to automatically generate an ecological control line scheme by simply utilizing various multi-target intelligent optimization algorithms, namely, the ecological control line division is treated as a land utilization planar space optimization problem. The ecological suitability analysis of the research area is also needed firstly, and then an intelligent algorithm is used for automatically weighing and searching to obtain an approximately optimal ecological control line planning scheme. For example, Li et al use ant colony algorithm to conduct research on partitioning of ecological control lines in Guangzhou city, and partially improve the neighborhood search strategy and information update mechanism of conventional ant colony algorithm, so that the method is more suitable for solving the problem of planar space optimization, and experimental results show that the optimization effect of the new method is better than that of the conventional GIS space analysis method. Chengliang et al proposed a scheme for automatically generating an ecology control line in Dongguan city, Guangdong province by using a discrete particle swarm algorithm, and similar to the previous research, they partially improved the conventional particle swarm algorithm so as to be used for processing the planar space optimization problem, and found that the new algorithm can obtain the best optimization effect. Shao et al, however, used a new artificial bee colony algorithm to partition the natural ecological protection zones of Mitsui, Hainan province, and compared and analyzed the optimization effects of various commonly used intelligent algorithms. Liu et al used an artificial immune system model to perform basic farmland conservation zone division in Guangzhou city, and the comparison results show that the optimization effect of the model is better than that of the GIS space analysis method.
However, the above-mentioned existing ecological control line delineation methods still have significant drawbacks.
The first method has the disadvantages that the division and evaluation standard has strong subjectivity, the process is complicated, a large amount of manpower, material resources, time resources and automation degree are required to be consumed, and the automation degree is insufficient. In addition, the method does not consider the compactness of the spatial pattern of the protected area, and the divided ecological control line scheme is usually scattered and broken, so that the method is inconvenient for actual monitoring and management and sometimes difficult to efficiently play a role in protecting the ecological environment. For the practical ecological environment resource management, if a relatively compact protected area scheme can be adopted, not only can the negative influence caused by urban expansion be relieved, the migration of species is facilitated, the integrity and the stability of an ecological system are maintained, but also the violation investigation, the management and the monitoring and the like of workers in the protected area are facilitated.
Although the second method can consider ecological suitability values of research areas and compactness of ecological control line patterns, existing various ecological environment protection planning results (such as various natural protection areas, basic farmland protection areas and main body function area planning), natural geographic boundaries, current land utilization situations and the like are not considered, the divided schemes cannot be reasonably and effectively connected and coordinated with the ecological environment protection planning results, and a multi-specification conflict phenomenon may occur. The planning related to ecological protection is various in terms of the names, and each has a respective space range, function and management system, so that the planning of an ecological control line faces the dilemma of 'contending' for land with other related plans.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to provide an intelligent interactive method and device for defining an ecological control line, which can objectively define the ecological control line, consider ecological suitability and structural compactness, and reasonably and effectively connect and coordinate an ecological control line scheme with an existing ecological environment planning result.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides an intelligent interactive ecological control line defining method, including the following steps:
selecting a research area, carrying out ecological suitability analysis on key elements of the research area according to a multi-criterion decision method to obtain spatial data of the key elements, and generating an ecological suitability analysis result according to the spatial data;
identifying a preset protection area of the research area by adopting a GIS space analysis method, and generating a preliminary ecological control line scheme according to the preset protection area;
and based on a pre-constructed space optimization model, according to the ecological suitability analysis result and the preliminary ecological control line scheme, carrying out ecological control line demarcation on the research area by adopting an intelligent optimization algorithm to obtain a final ecological control line scheme of the research area.
Further, the key elements include net primary productivity, habitat diversity, terrain slope, soil properties, and distance from water; the spatial data is data in which the key elements are quantized and normalized to a range of [0, 1 ].
Further, generating an ecological suitability analysis result according to the spatial data, specifically:
performing linear weighting on the spatial data corresponding to each key element by adopting a multi-criterion decision method to obtain an ecological suitability analysis result; the ecological suitability analysis result includes a suitability value.
Further, a GIS spatial analysis method is adopted to identify a preset protection area of the research area, and a preliminary ecological control line scheme is generated according to the preset protection area, specifically comprising the following steps:
superposing a plurality of geographical layer data of the research area by adopting a GIS spatial analysis method to generate a new layer; the new layer comprises attributes of a plurality of geographical layer data;
and identifying a preset protection area of the research area according to the attribute of the new layer, and generating a preliminary ecological control line scheme according to the preset protection area.
Further, the intelligent optimization algorithm comprises a genetic algorithm, a simulated annealing algorithm and a neural network; the space optimization model is constructed based on a genetic algorithm.
Further, based on a pre-constructed space optimization model, according to the ecological suitability analysis result and the preliminary ecological control line scheme, an intelligent optimization algorithm is adopted to perform ecological control line demarcation on the research area, so as to obtain a final ecological control line scheme of the research area, specifically:
based on a pre-constructed space optimization model, according to the ecological suitability analysis result and a preliminary ecological control line scheme, a candidate ecological control line scheme is defined;
representing the research area by using a binary two-dimensional matrix, and encoding each candidate ecological control line scheme into a chromosome;
performing iterative selection, intersection and variation on each chromosome for multiple times by adopting an intelligent optimization algorithm and a plaque-based intersection and variation mechanism to obtain numerical changes of different pixels in the binary two-dimensional matrix corresponding to the chromosome after the chromosome is subjected to the intersection variation, and performing ecological control line planning on the research area according to the numerical changes of the different pixels to obtain a final ecological control line scheme of the research area; wherein,
the probability of each chromosome being selected in the iterative selection is in direct proportion to the self-suitability value; the pixel value is 1 or 0, wherein 1 represents a pixel needing to be protected, and 0 represents other pixels; the number of different pixel values is adjusted according to the suitability value to meet the area requirement of the ecological control line.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an intelligent interactive ecological control line planning device, which comprises:
the ecological suitability analysis unit is used for selecting a research area, performing ecological suitability analysis on key elements of the research area according to a multi-criterion decision method to obtain spatial data of the key elements, and generating an ecological suitability analysis result according to the spatial data;
the space analysis unit is used for identifying a preset protection area of the research area by adopting a GIS space analysis method and generating a preliminary ecological control line scheme according to the preset protection area;
and the intelligent optimization unit is used for carrying out ecological control line demarcation on the research area by adopting an intelligent optimization algorithm according to the ecological suitability analysis result and the preliminary ecological control line scheme based on a pre-constructed space optimization model to obtain a final ecological control line scheme of the research area.
Further, the key elements include net primary productivity, habitat diversity, terrain slope, soil properties, and distance from water; the spatial data is data in which the key elements are quantized and normalized to a range of [0, 1 ].
Further, a GIS spatial analysis method is adopted to identify a preset protection area of the research area, and a preliminary ecological control line scheme is generated according to the preset protection area, specifically comprising the following steps:
superposing a plurality of geographical layer data of the research area by adopting a GIS spatial analysis method to generate a new layer; the new layer comprises attributes of a plurality of geographical layer data;
and identifying a preset protection area of the research area according to the attribute of the new layer, and generating a preliminary ecological control line scheme according to the preset protection area.
Further, the intelligent optimization algorithm comprises a genetic algorithm, a simulated annealing algorithm and a neural network; the space optimization model is constructed based on a genetic algorithm.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the embodiment of the invention provides an intelligent interactive ecological control line planning method and device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: selecting a research area, carrying out ecological suitability analysis on key elements of the research area to obtain spatial data of the key elements, and generating an ecological suitability analysis result according to the spatial data; identifying a preset protection area of the research area by adopting a GIS space analysis method, and generating a preliminary ecological control line scheme according to the preset protection area; and based on a pre-constructed space optimization model, according to the ecological suitability analysis result and the preliminary ecological control line scheme, carrying out ecological control line demarcation on the research area by adopting an intelligent optimization algorithm to obtain a final ecological control line scheme of the research area. The invention can objectively carry out the planning of the ecological control line, simultaneously considers the ecological suitability and the structural compactness, and can reasonably and effectively link and coordinate the ecological control line scheme with the existing ecological environment planning result.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an intelligent interactive ecological control line defining method according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is another flow chart of the method for defining an intelligent interactive ecology control line according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of spatial data for ecological suitability analysis of the urban population in Zhujiang Delta according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the results of the ecological suitability analysis of the urban group of Zhujiang Delta according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a spatial distribution of a forbidden development area of the city group of Zhujiang Delta according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the result of the ecological control line of Zhujiang Delta divided according to the intelligent interactive ecological control line dividing method in the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the result of dividing the ecology control line of Zhujiang Delta according to the non-intelligent interactive ecology control line dividing method in the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an intelligent interactive ecology control line demarcation device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment of the present invention:
referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart illustrating an intelligent interactive ecological control line planning method according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is another schematic flowchart illustrating the intelligent interactive ecological control line planning method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an intelligent interactive ecological control line defining method includes the following steps:
s101, selecting a research area, performing ecological suitability analysis on key elements of the research area according to a multi-criterion decision method to obtain spatial data of the key elements, and generating an ecological suitability analysis result according to the spatial data.
In this embodiment, the key elements include net primary productivity, habitat diversity, terrain slope, soil properties, and distance from the body of water; the spatial data is data in which the key elements are quantized and normalized to a range of [0, 1 ].
In this embodiment, the generating an ecological suitability analysis result according to the spatial data specifically includes:
performing linear weighting on the spatial data corresponding to each key element by adopting a multi-criterion decision method to obtain an ecological suitability analysis result; the ecological suitability analysis result includes a suitability value.
In this embodiment, the zhjiang deltaic city group is used as a research area, and the intelligent interactive ecological control line planning method is applied to ecological control line planning of the zhjiang deltaic city group. Ecological suitability analysis is the premise and the basis of ecological planning, and the suitability and the limitation of the ecological type of a research area to resource development are determined according to the characteristics of the ecology and the resources based on the ecological principle and the method, so that the development of the research area and the ecological environment protection are reasonably guided. In the embodiment, the net primary productivity, the habitat diversity, the terrain gradient, the soil property and the distance from the soil body to the water body are selected as key elements to carry out ecological suitability analysis. The key elements are resampled to a uniform spatial resolution, and all data values are normalized to the range of [0, 1], and the obtained result refers to fig. 3, where fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of spatial data used for ecological suitability analysis of the urban group of the zhjiang delta in the first embodiment of the present invention. Then, the spatial data of the key elements are linearly weighted by using a multi-criterion decision method to obtain an ecological suitability analysis result, the obtained result please refer to fig. 4, and fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the ecological suitability analysis result of the urban group of the zhjiang delta in the first embodiment of the present invention.
And S102, identifying a preset protection area of the research area by adopting a GIS space analysis method, and generating a preliminary ecological control line scheme according to the preset protection area.
In this embodiment, a GIS spatial analysis method is adopted to identify a preset protection region of the research region, and according to the preset protection region, a preliminary ecological control line scheme is generated, specifically:
superposing a plurality of geographical layer data of the research area by adopting a GIS spatial analysis method to generate a new layer; the new layer comprises attributes of a plurality of geographical layer data;
and identifying a preset protection area of the research area according to the attribute of the new layer, and generating a preliminary ecological control line scheme according to the preset protection area.
In this embodiment, the GIS spatial analysis method refers to an operation of stacking a plurality of geographical layer data to generate a new element layer, where the new element layer integrates attributes of the original multiple layers of data. According to the natural protection area and the development-prohibited area directory of Guangdong province, a GIS space analysis method is utilized to bring main land key natural protection areas, scenic spots, forest parks, geological parks and the like in the Zhujiang Delta urban group into a range which needs to be strictly protected, and the obtained result refers to fig. 5, wherein fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the spatial distribution situation of the development-prohibited area of the Zhujiang Delta urban group in the first embodiment of the invention. Due to the relation of spatial resolution, a part of protected areas which are small in area and distributed scattered in a built-up area of a city are not included in the protected areas.
S103, based on a pre-constructed space optimization model, according to the ecological suitability analysis result and the preliminary ecological control line scheme, an intelligent optimization algorithm is adopted to carry out ecological control line demarcation on the research area, and a final ecological control line scheme of the research area is obtained.
In this embodiment, further, the intelligent optimization algorithm includes a genetic algorithm, a simulated annealing algorithm, and a neural network; the space optimization model is constructed based on a genetic algorithm.
Further, based on a pre-constructed space optimization model, according to the ecological suitability analysis result and the preliminary ecological control line scheme, an intelligent optimization algorithm is adopted to perform ecological control line demarcation on the research area, so as to obtain a final ecological control line scheme of the research area, specifically:
based on a pre-constructed space optimization model, according to the ecological suitability analysis result and a preliminary ecological control line scheme, a candidate ecological control line scheme is defined;
representing the research area by using a binary two-dimensional matrix, and encoding each candidate ecological control line scheme into a chromosome;
performing iterative selection, intersection and variation on each chromosome for multiple times by adopting an intelligent optimization algorithm and a plaque-based intersection and variation mechanism to obtain numerical changes of different pixels in the binary two-dimensional matrix corresponding to the chromosome after the chromosome is subjected to the intersection variation, and performing ecological control line planning on the research area according to the numerical changes of the different pixels to obtain a final ecological control line scheme of the research area; wherein,
the probability of each chromosome being selected in the iterative selection is in direct proportion to the self-suitability value; the pixel value is 1 or 0, wherein 1 represents a pixel needing to be protected, and 0 represents other pixels; the number of different pixel values is adjusted according to the suitability value to meet the area requirement of the ecological control line.
In this embodiment, the intelligent optimization algorithm refers to a random search algorithm established on the basis of biological intelligence or natural processes and used for solving the optimization problem, and mainly includes a genetic algorithm, a simulated annealing algorithm, and a neural network. The embodiment of the present disclosure uses Genetic Algorithm (GA) to construct a land use space optimization model, because the Genetic algorithm can conveniently and effectively reflect the spatial structure of a geographical area in the form of a matrix. The genetic algorithm is proposed by John Holland for the first time, is mainly based on the theory of 'natural selection' and 'survival of the fittest' of Darwinian, and is very suitable for solving the complex optimization problem of various subjects. The genetic algorithm is a global probabilistic search algorithm that first randomly generates a certain number of chromosomes (initial solutions), and then improves the current solution by iteratively repeating the operations of selection, crossover, and mutation until a satisfactory solution is found. In the intelligent optimization algorithm, an evolutionary mechanism similar to that in the biological world is used for reference in the iterative operation process, the advantages and the disadvantages are realized by a mode similar to sexual propagation and natural selection from a group of solutions, and a group of next generation solutions with better performance indexes is generated on the basis of heredity of existing excellent genes.
It should be noted that in the implementation of the intelligent interactive ecology control line planning method, each candidate ecology control line scheme is encoded as a chromosome, that is, the whole research region can be represented by a randomly initialized binary two-dimensional matrix ("1" represents the pixel needing protection and "0" represents other pixels). The genetic algorithm gradually obtains an approximately optimal ecological control line scheme through the processes of selection, intersection and variation of multiple iterations. In each iteration process, chromosomes are selected from previous generation individuals to breed to generate a next generation, and the probability of each chromosome being selected is proportional to the fitness value of each chromosome. Meanwhile, an elite reservation strategy is adopted, so that the optimal chromosome of each generation can be reserved to the next generation.
In addition, in order to generate a more compact and complete ecological control line scheme as much as possible, the embodiment also adopts a crossing and mutation mechanism based on the plaque. Wherein, the crossing step randomly selects a plurality of 3 multiplied by 3 window positions in the two-dimensional matrix, and then the parent chromosomes mutually exchange pixels in the windows. Similarly, the mutation step randomly selects a plurality of 3 × 3 window positions, and the pixel values in each window are all mutated to "1" or all mutated to "0" according to the neighborhood pixel conditions of the window. If the number of the pixels in the protected area is changed after the chromosome is subjected to cross variation, the values of the pixels in the corresponding number are randomly changed according to the suitability value so as to meet the area requirement.
The cross probability of the conventional genetic algorithm is generally higher and the mutation probability is lower, however, since the spatial optimization model in the embodiment needs both the cross and mutation processes to find more compact individuals, the mutation probability should also set a high point to facilitate the solution. In addition, another problem to be solved in the spatial optimization research is how to establish a planar optimization model suitable for an elastic interval, and the existing model generally considers the problem of elastic scale in the actual ecological environment management less. If an ecology control line of 2000 square kilometers needs to be defined, the scale of the ecology control line can be reasonable within the elasticity range of +/-100 square kilometers. Compared with other methods, the model can effectively deal with the problem.
It should be noted that, after the space optimization model is constructed on the MATLAB platform, the intelligent interactive ecological control line planning method described in this embodiment is used to plan ecological control lines of the urban groups in the zhujiang delta according to the ecological suitability analysis result. To ensure the relative stability of the optimization result, ten-time averaging is adopted as the final optimization result and shown in fig. 6, please refer to fig. 6, and fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the results of the ecological control line of the zhjiang delta partitioned according to the intelligent interactive ecological control line partitioning method in the first embodiment of the present invention. From fig. 6, it can be seen that land resources having a high ecological suitability value are substantially included in the ecological control line. In order to compare and analyze the partitioning result, the embodiment further adopts a non-intelligent interactive ecological control line partitioning thought which is commonly used in the past, that is, an optimal ecological control line scheme is searched based on the same ecological suitability analysis result by directly using the constructed genetic algorithm planar space optimization model, which is shown in fig. 7, please refer to fig. 7, and fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a result of the ecological control line of the zhjiang delta partitioned according to the non-intelligent interactive ecological control line partitioning method in the first embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 7, the non-intelligent interactive ecological control line planning method is not well linked with the existing ecological environment protection planning, is difficult to avoid the phenomenon of "multi-rule" conflict, and generally cannot be applied to real life.
In the method for defining an intelligent interactive ecological control line provided by this embodiment, a research area is selected, ecological suitability analysis is performed on key elements of the research area, spatial data of the key elements is obtained, and an ecological suitability analysis result is generated according to the spatial data; identifying a preset protection area of the research area by adopting a GIS space analysis method, and generating a preliminary ecological control line scheme according to the preset protection area; and based on a pre-constructed space optimization model, according to the ecological suitability analysis result and the preliminary ecological control line scheme, carrying out ecological control line demarcation on the research area by adopting an intelligent optimization algorithm to obtain a final ecological control line scheme of the research area. The embodiment can objectively carry out the ecological control line planning, simultaneously considers ecological suitability and pattern compactness, can reasonably and effectively link and coordinate the ecological control line scheme with the existing ecological environment planning result, is more convenient for actual ecological management and monitoring, and can more effectively maintain the integrity and stability of an ecological system. The embodiment has higher operability and universality and has stronger practical guiding significance for various ecological planning works in reality.
Second embodiment of the invention:
referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an intelligent interactive ecological control line demarcation device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
An intelligent interactive ecology control line demarcation device, comprising:
an ecological suitability analysis unit 201, configured to select a research area, perform ecological suitability analysis on key elements of the research area according to a multi-criterion decision method to obtain spatial data of the key elements, generate an ecological suitability analysis result according to the spatial data,
in this embodiment, the key elements include net primary productivity, habitat diversity, terrain slope, soil properties, and distance from the body of water; the spatial data is data in which the key elements are quantized and normalized to a range of [0, 1 ].
In this embodiment, the generating an ecological suitability analysis result according to the spatial data specifically includes:
performing linear weighting on the spatial data corresponding to each key element by adopting a multi-criterion decision method to obtain an ecological suitability analysis result; the ecological suitability analysis result includes a suitability value.
In this embodiment, the zhjiang deltaic city group is used as a research area, and the intelligent interactive ecological control line planning method is applied to ecological control line planning of the zhjiang deltaic city group. Ecological suitability analysis is the premise and the basis of ecological planning, and the suitability and the limitation of the ecological type of a research area to resource development are determined according to the characteristics of the ecology and the resources based on the ecological principle and the method, so that the development of the research area and the ecological environment protection are reasonably guided. In the embodiment, the net primary productivity, the habitat diversity, the terrain gradient, the soil property and the distance from the soil body to the water body are selected as key elements to carry out ecological suitability analysis. The key elements are resampled to a uniform spatial resolution, and all data values are normalized to the range of [0, 1], and the obtained result refers to fig. 2, where fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of spatial data used for ecological suitability analysis of the urban group of the zhjiang delta in the first embodiment of the present invention. Then, the spatial data of the key elements are linearly weighted by using a multi-criterion decision method to obtain an ecological suitability analysis result, the obtained result please refer to fig. 3, and fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the ecological suitability analysis result of the urban group of the zhjiang delta in the first embodiment of the present invention.
And the space analysis unit 202 is configured to identify a preset protection region of the research region by using a GIS space analysis method, and generate a preliminary ecological control line scheme according to the preset protection region.
In this embodiment, a GIS spatial analysis method is adopted to identify a preset protection region of the research region, and according to the preset protection region, a preliminary ecological control line scheme is generated, specifically:
superposing a plurality of geographical layer data of the research area by adopting a GIS spatial analysis method to generate a new layer; the new layer comprises attributes of a plurality of geographical layer data;
and identifying a preset protection area of the research area according to the attribute of the new layer, and generating a preliminary ecological control line scheme according to the preset protection area.
In this embodiment, the GIS spatial analysis method refers to an operation of stacking a plurality of geographical layer data to generate a new element layer, where the new element layer integrates attributes of the original multiple layers of data. According to the natural protection area and the development-prohibited area directory of Guangdong province, a GIS space analysis method is utilized to bring main land key natural protection areas, scenic spots, forest parks, geological parks and the like in the Zhujiang Delta urban group into a range which needs to be strictly protected, and the obtained result refers to fig. 4, wherein fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the spatial distribution situation of the development-prohibited area of the Zhujiang Delta urban group in the first embodiment of the invention. Due to the relation of spatial resolution, a part of protected areas which are small in area and distributed scattered in a built-up area of a city are not included in the protected areas.
And the intelligent optimization unit 203 is configured to perform ecological control line planning on the research area by using an intelligent optimization algorithm according to the ecological suitability analysis result and the preliminary ecological control line scheme based on a pre-constructed space optimization model, so as to obtain a final ecological control line scheme of the research area.
In this embodiment, further, the intelligent optimization algorithm includes a genetic algorithm, a simulated annealing algorithm, and a neural network; the space optimization model is constructed based on a genetic algorithm.
Further, based on a pre-constructed space optimization model, according to the ecological suitability analysis result and the preliminary ecological control line scheme, an intelligent optimization algorithm is adopted to perform ecological control line demarcation on the research area, so as to obtain a final ecological control line scheme of the research area, specifically:
based on a pre-constructed space optimization model, according to the ecological suitability analysis result and a preliminary ecological control line scheme, a candidate ecological control line scheme is defined;
representing the research area by using a binary two-dimensional matrix, and encoding each candidate ecological control line scheme into a chromosome;
performing iterative selection, intersection and variation on each chromosome for multiple times by adopting an intelligent optimization algorithm and a plaque-based intersection and variation mechanism to obtain numerical changes of different pixels in the binary two-dimensional matrix corresponding to the chromosome after the chromosome is subjected to the intersection variation, and performing ecological control line planning on the research area according to the numerical changes of the different pixels to obtain a final ecological control line scheme of the research area; wherein,
the probability of each chromosome being selected in the iterative selection is in direct proportion to the self-suitability value; the pixel value is 1 or 0, wherein 1 represents a pixel needing to be protected, and 0 represents other pixels; the number of different pixel values is adjusted according to the suitability value to meet the area requirement of the ecological control line.
In this embodiment, the intelligent optimization algorithm refers to a random search algorithm established on the basis of biological intelligence or natural processes and used for solving the optimization problem, and mainly includes a genetic algorithm, a simulated annealing algorithm, and a neural network. The embodiment of the present disclosure uses Genetic Algorithm (GA) to construct a land use space optimization model, because the Genetic algorithm can conveniently and effectively reflect the spatial structure of a geographical area in the form of a matrix. The genetic algorithm is proposed by John Holland for the first time, is mainly based on the theory of 'natural selection' and 'survival of the fittest' of Darwinian, and is very suitable for solving the complex optimization problem of various subjects. The genetic algorithm is a global probabilistic search algorithm that first randomly generates a certain number of chromosomes (initial solutions), and then improves the current solution by iteratively repeating the operations of selection, crossover, and mutation until a satisfactory solution is found. In the intelligent optimization algorithm, an evolutionary mechanism similar to that in the biological world is used for reference in the iterative operation process, the advantages and the disadvantages are realized by a mode similar to sexual propagation and natural selection from a group of solutions, and a group of next generation solutions with better performance indexes is generated on the basis of heredity of existing excellent genes.
It should be noted that in the implementation of the intelligent interactive ecology control line planning method, each candidate ecology control line scheme is encoded as a chromosome, that is, the whole research region can be represented by a randomly initialized binary two-dimensional matrix ("1" represents the pixel needing protection and "0" represents other pixels). The genetic algorithm gradually obtains an approximately optimal ecological control line scheme through the processes of selection, intersection and variation of multiple iterations. In each iteration process, chromosomes are selected from previous generation individuals to breed to generate a next generation, and the probability of each chromosome being selected is proportional to the fitness value of each chromosome. Meanwhile, an elite reservation strategy is adopted, so that the optimal chromosome of each generation can be reserved to the next generation.
In addition, in order to generate a more compact and complete ecological control line scheme as much as possible, the embodiment also adopts a crossing and mutation mechanism based on the plaque. Wherein, the crossing step randomly selects a plurality of 3 multiplied by 3 window positions in the two-dimensional matrix, and then the parent chromosomes mutually exchange pixels in the windows. Similarly, the mutation step randomly selects a plurality of 3 × 3 window positions, and the pixel values in each window are all mutated to "1" or all mutated to "0" according to the neighborhood pixel conditions of the window. If the number of the pixels in the protected area is changed after the chromosome is subjected to cross variation, the values of the pixels in the corresponding number are randomly changed according to the suitability value so as to meet the area requirement.
The cross probability of the conventional genetic algorithm is generally higher and the mutation probability is lower, however, since the spatial optimization model in the embodiment needs both the cross and mutation processes to find more compact individuals, the mutation probability should also set a high point to facilitate the solution. In addition, another problem to be solved in the spatial optimization research is how to establish a planar optimization model suitable for an elastic interval, and the existing model generally considers the problem of elastic scale in the actual ecological environment management less. If an ecology control line of 2000 square kilometers needs to be defined, the scale of the ecology control line can be reasonable within the elasticity range of +/-100 square kilometers. Compared with other methods, the model can effectively deal with the problem.
It should be noted that, after the space optimization model is constructed on the MATLAB platform, the intelligent interactive ecological control line planning method described in this embodiment is used to plan ecological control lines of the urban groups in the zhujiang delta according to the ecological suitability analysis result. To ensure the relative stability of the optimization result, ten-time averaging is adopted as the final optimization result and is shown in fig. 5, please refer to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the results of the ecological control line of the zhjiang delta according to the intelligent interactive ecological control line demarcation method in the first embodiment of the present invention. From fig. 5, it can be seen that land resources having a high ecological suitability value are substantially included in the ecological control line. In order to compare and analyze the partitioning result, the embodiment further adopts a non-intelligent interactive ecological control line partitioning thought which is commonly used in the past, that is, an optimal ecological control line scheme is searched based on the same ecological suitability analysis result by directly using the constructed genetic algorithm planar space optimization model, which is shown in fig. 6, please refer to fig. 6, and fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a result of the ecological control line of the zhjiang delta partitioned according to the non-intelligent interactive ecological control line partitioning method in the first embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 6, the non-intelligent interactive ecological control line planning method is not well linked with the existing ecological environment protection planning, is difficult to avoid the phenomenon of "multi-rule" conflict, and generally cannot be applied to real life.
According to the intelligent interactive ecological control line demarcation device provided by the embodiment, a research area is selected, ecological suitability analysis is carried out on key elements of the research area, spatial data of the key elements are obtained, and an ecological suitability analysis result is generated according to the spatial data; identifying a preset protection area of the research area by adopting a GIS space analysis method, and generating a preliminary ecological control line scheme according to the preset protection area; and based on a pre-constructed space optimization model, according to the ecological suitability analysis result and the preliminary ecological control line scheme, carrying out ecological control line demarcation on the research area by adopting an intelligent optimization algorithm to obtain a final ecological control line scheme of the research area. The embodiment can objectively carry out the ecological control line planning, simultaneously considers ecological suitability and pattern compactness, can reasonably and effectively link and coordinate the ecological control line scheme with the existing ecological environment planning result, is more convenient for actual ecological management and monitoring, and can more effectively maintain the integrity and stability of an ecological system. The embodiment has higher operability and universality and has stronger practical guiding significance for various ecological planning works in reality.
The foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it is understood that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and it is intended that such changes and modifications be considered as within the scope of the invention.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by a computer program, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), or the like.
Claims (10)
1. An intelligent interactive ecological control line defining method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting a research area, carrying out ecological suitability analysis on key elements of the research area according to a multi-criterion decision method to obtain spatial data of the key elements, and generating an ecological suitability analysis result according to the spatial data;
identifying a preset protection area of the research area by adopting a GIS space analysis method, and generating a preliminary ecological control line scheme according to the preset protection area;
and based on a pre-constructed space optimization model, according to the ecological suitability analysis result and the preliminary ecological control line scheme, carrying out ecological control line demarcation on the research area by adopting an intelligent optimization algorithm to obtain a final ecological control line scheme of the research area.
2. The intelligent interactive ecology control line demarcation method of claim 1, wherein the key elements include net primary productivity, habitat diversity, terrain grade, soil properties, and distance from water; the spatial data is data in which the key elements are quantized and normalized to a range of [0, 1 ].
3. The intelligent interactive ecological control line demarcation method according to claim 1, wherein an ecological suitability analysis result is generated from the spatial data, specifically:
performing linear weighting on the spatial data corresponding to each key element by adopting a multi-criterion decision method to obtain an ecological suitability analysis result; the ecological suitability analysis result includes a suitability value.
4. The intelligent interactive ecological control line demarcation method according to claim 1, characterized in that a GIS spatial analysis method is used to identify a preset protection area of the research area and generate a preliminary ecological control line plan according to the preset protection area, specifically:
superposing a plurality of geographical layer data of the research area by adopting a GIS spatial analysis method to generate a new layer; the new layer comprises attributes of a plurality of geographical layer data;
and identifying a preset protection area of the research area according to the attribute of the new layer, and generating a preliminary ecological control line scheme according to the preset protection area.
5. The intelligent interactive ecology control line demarcation method of claim 1, wherein the intelligent optimization algorithm comprises a genetic algorithm, a simulated annealing algorithm, and a neural network; the space optimization model is constructed based on a genetic algorithm.
6. The intelligent interactive ecological control line planning method according to claim 1, wherein an intelligent optimization algorithm is used to plan the ecological control line for the research area based on a pre-constructed space optimization model according to the ecological suitability analysis result and the preliminary ecological control line plan, so as to obtain a final ecological control line plan for the research area, specifically:
based on a pre-constructed space optimization model, according to the ecological suitability analysis result and a preliminary ecological control line scheme, a candidate ecological control line scheme is defined;
representing the research area by using a binary two-dimensional matrix, and encoding each candidate ecological control line scheme into a chromosome;
performing iterative selection, intersection and variation on each chromosome for multiple times by adopting an intelligent optimization algorithm and a plaque-based intersection and variation mechanism to obtain numerical changes of different pixels in the binary two-dimensional matrix corresponding to the chromosome after the chromosome is subjected to the intersection variation, and performing ecological control line planning on the research area according to the numerical changes of the different pixels to obtain a final ecological control line scheme of the research area; wherein,
the probability of each chromosome being selected in the iterative selection is in direct proportion to the self-suitability value; the pixel value is 1 or 0, wherein 1 represents a pixel needing to be protected, and 0 represents other pixels; the number of different pixel values is adjusted according to the suitability value to meet the area requirement of the ecological control line.
7. An intelligent interactive ecological control line demarcation device, comprising:
the ecological suitability analysis unit is used for selecting a research area, performing ecological suitability analysis on key elements of the research area according to a multi-criterion decision method to obtain spatial data of the key elements, and generating an ecological suitability analysis result according to the spatial data;
the space analysis unit is used for identifying a preset protection area of the research area by adopting a GIS space analysis method and generating a preliminary ecological control line scheme according to the preset protection area;
and the intelligent optimization unit is used for carrying out ecological control line demarcation on the research area by adopting an intelligent optimization algorithm according to the ecological suitability analysis result and the preliminary ecological control line scheme based on a pre-constructed space optimization model to obtain a final ecological control line scheme of the research area.
8. The intelligent interactive ecology control line demarcation device of claim 7, wherein the key elements include net primary productivity, habitat diversity, terrain slope, soil properties, and distance from water; the spatial data is data in which the key elements are quantized and normalized to a range of [0, 1 ].
9. The intelligent interactive ecological control line demarcation device according to claim 7, wherein a GIS spatial analysis method is adopted to identify a preset protection area of the research area, and a preliminary ecological control line scheme is generated according to the preset protection area, specifically:
superposing a plurality of geographical layer data of the research area by adopting a GIS spatial analysis method to generate a new layer; the new layer comprises attributes of a plurality of geographical layer data;
and identifying a preset protection area of the research area according to the attribute of the new layer, and generating a preliminary ecological control line scheme according to the preset protection area.
10. The intelligent interactive ecology control line demarcation device of claim 7, wherein the intelligent optimization algorithm comprises a genetic algorithm, a simulated annealing algorithm, and a neural network; the space optimization model is constructed based on a genetic algorithm.
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