CN108303611A - A kind of open-circuit fault of power tubes of inverter inline diagnosis method - Google Patents
A kind of open-circuit fault of power tubes of inverter inline diagnosis method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108303611A CN108303611A CN201810214277.2A CN201810214277A CN108303611A CN 108303611 A CN108303611 A CN 108303611A CN 201810214277 A CN201810214277 A CN 201810214277A CN 108303611 A CN108303611 A CN 108303611A
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of open-circuit fault of power tubes of inverter inline diagnosis methods, including：Signal relation based on inverter control principle and modulating wave and carrier wave, the relational expression being derived by between the switch control signal and line voltage and power tube both end voltage of each phase；Based on each line voltage, the probable value of nominal situation and fault condition is analyzed according to obtained relation safety pin, obtains the correspondence list between the voltage value of switch control signal, phase current, the voltage value of line voltage nominal situation and line voltage fault condition；The probability occurred according to line voltage positive and negative values under nominal situation is identical, is derived by the fault signature relation table of each failure and corresponding two line voltages；By acquiring the characteristic information of the current corresponding line voltage of inverter, and fault signature relation table is searched, determines the fault location information of current inverter.The application can quickly and effectively realize open-circuit fault of power tubes of inverter inline diagnosis, and calculation amount is small, accuracy rate is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fault diagnosis correlative technology field of locomotive power pipe, particularly relates to a kind of inverter power pipe and open
Road on-line fault diagnosis method.
Background technology
Inverter has the ability for converting direct current to exchange, is had a wide range of applications in electric locomotive.Studies have shown that
In motor variable-frequency speed-regulating system, the failure of inverter occupies main component in institute is faulty, and fault of converter is usual
It is caused by power tube failure.Power tube failure includes open fault and short trouble two types, by bridge arm
Series connection fastp-acting fuse can convert power tube short trouble to open fault.So most of power tube failures usually with
The form of open fault occurs.If some power tube breaks down, other power tubes can also be affected in succession, can to have
Entire converter system can be caused to paralyse, can also bring threat to personal safety in some cases.Therefore, research is opened a way in real time
Method for diagnosing faults is necessary.
Currently, rare document carries out air-conditioning inverter fault diagnosis research for the common 25T type cars in China.Inverter
Open fault diagnostic method can be divided into three classes according to the type of diagnostic variable：Diagnosis based on electric current, the diagnosis based on voltage
And the diagnosis based on multi-signals such as voltage and currents.Since the diagnostic variable of use is different, part diagnostic method is not suitable for answering
In the open fault diagnosis for using Locomotive, reason includes：1) system on locomotive does not allow arbitrarily to be reequiped, no
It is easy to obtain control signal or installs additional sensor additional, partly to control signal or other measuring signals as diagnosis basis
Method is no longer applicable in；2) working environment of Locomotive is extremely complex, and a large amount of calculate is filled with complicated diagnosis process needs
In contrast the data space and high performance processor, the probability to malfunction during calculating and processing of foot also can
Bigger.Therefore, still there are problems that diagnosis efficiency and accuracy currently for Locomotive fault diagnosis, it is difficult to quickly
Effectively realize fault diagnosis.
Invention content
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to propose a kind of open-circuit fault of power tubes of inverter inline diagnosis method, energy
It is enough quickly and effectively to realize open-circuit fault of power tubes of inverter inline diagnosis, and calculation amount is small, accuracy rate is high.
Based on a kind of above-mentioned purpose open-circuit fault of power tubes of inverter inline diagnosis method provided by the invention, including：
Step 1：The signal relation of basic principle and modulating wave and carrier wave based on inverter control circuit, is derived by
Relational expression between the switch control signal and line voltage and power tube both end voltage of each phase；
Step 2：Based on each line voltage, the relation safety pin that is obtained according to step 1 is to nominal situation and fault condition
Probable value is analyzed, and switch control signal, phase current, the voltage value of line voltage nominal situation and line voltage failure work are obtained
Correspondence list between the voltage value of condition；
Step 3：The probability occurred according to line voltage positive and negative values under nominal situation is identical, is derived by each failure accordingly
And the fault signature relation table of corresponding two line voltages；
Step 4：By acquiring the characteristic information of the current corresponding line voltage of inverter, and obtained in finding step 3
Fault signature relation table determines the fault location information of current inverter.
Optionally, the modulation wave signal is expressed as：
Wherein, ura(t)、urb(t)、urc(t) it is respectively three-phase modulations wave signal；M is modulation depth；frFor modulating frequency；
The carrier signal is expressed as：
Wherein, k is natural number；TcAnd fcRespectively carrier cycle and carrier frequency；
The switch control signal is expressed as：
Wherein, phase=a, b, c；Work as Trigphase(t)=1 when, upper bridge arm conducting, lower bridge arm shutdown；Work as Trigphase
(t)=0 when, lower bridge arm conducting, upper bridge arm shutdown；
Relational expression between the line voltage and power tube both end voltage is expressed as：
Wherein, uab(t)、ubc(t)、uca(t) it is line voltage, uv1(t)、uv2(t)、uv3(t)、uv4(t)、uv5(t)、uv6(t)
Power tube V is corresponded to respectively1、V2、V3、V4、V5、V6The voltage at both ends；UdFor input voltage.
Optionally, described to obtain switch control signal, phase current, the voltage value of line voltage nominal situation and line voltage event
Hinder operating mode voltage value between correspondence list the step of include：
It includes+U to obtain line voltage output according to circuit theoryd, 0 and-UdThree kinds of amplitudes；Level can in each period
It alternate regularly converts, value and modulating wave uraAnd urbIt is related, it is divided into two kinds of situations：A) work as uraMore than or equal to urbWhen,
uabEqual to+UdOr 0；B) work as uraLess than urbWhen, uabEqual to-Ud；
According to modulating wave uraAnd urbMagnitude relation, A is equal with the number that B occurs in one cycle, obtains level+Ud
The number of appearance is equal to-UdThe number of appearance；
Assuming that the positive direction of electric current is directed toward load, V1Open fault occurs, then uabValue can be calculated with relational expression in step 1
It obtains, wherein electric current i at any timeaDirection all be it is non-just；
U under each on off state in the case of A classesabValue calculate it is as follows：
Work as Triga=1, TrigbWhen=1, if iaEqual to 0, then uab=-Ud/2；If iaLess than 0, then uab=0；
Work as Triga=1, TrigbWhen=0, if iaEqual to 0, then uab=Ud/2；If iaLess than 0, then uab=Ud；
Work as Triga=0, TrigbWhen=0, if iaEqual to 0, then uab=Ud/2；If iaLess than 0, then uab=0；
U under each on off state in the case of B classesabValue calculate it is as follows：
Work as Triga=1, TrigbWhen=1, if iaEqual to 0, then uab=-Ud/2；If iaLess than 0, then uab=0；
Work as Triga=0, TrigbWhen=1, if iaEqual to 0, then uab=-Ud/2；If iaLess than 0, then uab=-Ud；
Work as Triga=0, TrigbWhen=0, if iaEqual to 0, then uab=Ud/2；If iaLess than 0, then uab=0；
Then V is obtained1Occur open fault when, switch control signal, phase current, line voltage nominal situation voltage value with
And the correspondence list between the voltage value of line voltage fault condition；
The relation table that open fault occurs for remaining power tube can be similarly derived by.
Optionally, the fault signature relation table of each failure and corresponding two line voltages is risen secondary using positive level
Number and negative level decline the ratio of number as fault signature, and set a fluctuation threshold so that as long as above-mentioned ratio is in
Within the scope of fluctuation threshold, then voltage is normal, otherwise electric voltage exception, and then obtains the fault signature of failure and corresponding two line voltages
Relation table.
Optionally, described the step of obtaining the fault signature relation table of each failure and corresponding two line voltages, also wraps
It includes：
First choice, define positive level rise to positive rising edge, negative level falls to negative failing edge；Wherein, rise under
The amplitude of drop is Ud/2；
Secondly, the ratio of number of positive rising edge and negative failing edge is x in a cycle；Under normal circumstances, x is equal to 1；Consider
The influence of noise and voltage fluctuation gives a fluctuation range x ∈ (1-α, 1+ α), wherein and α is the fluctuation threshold less than 1,
Value is adjusted according to the operating status of inverter；When the value of x is not in normal range (NR), then it represents that voltage occurs abnormal；
The state for obtaining line voltage is expressed as：
It can be found that failure by detecting level, and a cycle is counted to positive rising edge and negative failing edge, is calculated
The fault signature u of each line voltage*(x) value；
Finally, according to fault signature [uab*, ubc*] and corresponding fault relationship obtains each failure and correspondence two
The fault signature relation table of line voltage.
From the above it can be seen that open-circuit fault of power tubes of inverter inline diagnosis method provided by the invention, passes through
The case where relationship and failure to corresponding signal in Locomotive occur is analyzed, and then can determine failure and phase
Answer the characteristic relation table between line voltage, eventually by table look-up can be realized failure pluck existing diagnosis；Due to herein described side
Method does not need to make any change to locomotive, it is only necessary to which the situation of change of corresponding detection a cycle line voltage can be real
The accurate positionin of existing failure, can not only improve detection efficiency, and calculation amount smaller in this way, be conducive to realize existing equipment
Same diagnosis.Therefore, herein described open-circuit fault of power tubes of inverter inline diagnosis method, can quickly and effectively realize
Open-circuit fault of power tubes of inverter inline diagnosis, and calculation amount is small, accuracy rate is high.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of open-circuit fault of power tubes of inverter inline diagnosis method one embodiment provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 is 25T models coach air conditioner inverter circuit structure diagram in the prior art；
Fig. 3 is the equivalent circuit in the case of A classes provided by the invention；
Fig. 4 is the equivalent circuit in the case of B classes provided by the invention；
Fig. 5 is the structure diagram of verification test system provided by the invention；
Fig. 6 is T provided by the invention1Moment break down after diagnostic result；
Fig. 7 is T provided by the invention2Moment break down after diagnostic result；
The diagnostic result that Fig. 8 is switching frequency provided by the invention when being 2.5kHz；
Fig. 9 is the diagnostic result after load variation provided by the invention.
Specific implementation mode
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference
Attached drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
It should be noted that all statements for using " first " and " second " are for differentiation two in the embodiment of the present invention
The non-equal entity of a same names or non-equal parameter, it is seen that " first " " second " only for the convenience of statement, does not answer
It is interpreted as the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention, subsequent embodiment no longer illustrates this one by one.
The application proposes a kind of simple work(for Locomotive failure, especially 25T types coach air conditioner inverter
Rate tube open circuit on-line fault diagnosis method.Not only calculation amount is small for this method, but also does not need extra sensor, by using
The variation tendency of some sensor detection line voltages can be accurately positioned failure.Test result shows this method simultaneously
Can efficient diagnosis Locomotive open fault, diagnostic result to time of failure, switching frequency and load variation tool
There is preferable robustness.
It is open-circuit fault of power tubes of inverter inline diagnosis method one embodiment provided by the invention shown in referring to Fig.1
Flow chart.The open-circuit fault of power tubes of inverter inline diagnosis method, including：
Step 1：The signal relation of basic principle and modulating wave and carrier wave based on inverter control circuit, is derived by
Relational expression between the switch control signal and line voltage and power tube both end voltage of each phase；
Optionally, the modulation wave signal is expressed as：
Wherein, ura(t)、urb(t)、urc(t) it is respectively three-phase modulations wave signal；M is modulation depth；frFor modulating frequency；
The carrier signal is expressed as：
Wherein, k is natural number；TcAnd fcRespectively carrier cycle and carrier frequency；
The switch control signal is expressed as：
Wherein, phase=a, b, c；Work as Trigphase(t)=1 when, upper bridge arm conducting, lower bridge arm shutdown；Work as Trigphase
(t)=0 when, lower bridge arm conducting, upper bridge arm shutdown；
Relational expression between the line voltage and power tube both end voltage is expressed as：
Wherein, uab(t)、ubc(t)、uca(t) it is line voltage, uv1(t)、uv2(t)、uv3(t)、uv4(t)、uv5(t)、uv6(t)
Power tube V is corresponded to respectively1、V2、V3、V4、V5、V6The voltage at both ends；UdFor input voltage.
Step 2：Based on each line voltage, the relation safety pin that is obtained according to step 1 is to nominal situation and fault condition
Probable value is analyzed, and switch control signal, phase current, the voltage value of line voltage nominal situation and line voltage failure work are obtained
Correspondence list between the voltage value of condition；
Optionally, described to obtain switch control signal, phase current, the voltage value of line voltage nominal situation and line voltage event
Hinder operating mode voltage value between correspondence list the step of include：
It includes+U to obtain line voltage output according to circuit theoryd, 0 and-UdThree kinds of amplitudes；Level can in each period
It alternate regularly converts, value and modulating wave uraAnd urbIt is related, it is divided into two kinds of situations：A) work as uraMore than or equal to urbWhen,
uabEqual to+UdOr 0；B) work as uraLess than urbWhen, uabEqual to-Ud；
According to modulating wave uraAnd urbMagnitude relation, A is equal with the number that B occurs in one cycle, obtains level+Ud
The number of appearance is equal to-UdThe number of appearance；
Assuming that the positive direction of electric current is directed toward load, V1Open fault occurs, then uabValue can be calculated with relational expression in step 1
It obtains, wherein electric current i at any timeaDirection all be it is non-just；
U under each on off state in the case of A classesabValue calculate it is as follows：
Work as Triga=1, TrigbWhen=1, if iaEqual to 0, then uab=-Ud/2；If iaLess than 0, then uab=0；
Work as Triga=1, TrigbWhen=0, if iaEqual to 0, then uab=Ud/2；If iaLess than 0, then uab=Ud；
Work as Triga=0, TrigbWhen=0, if iaEqual to 0, then uab=Ud/2；If iaLess than 0, then uab=0；
U under each on off state in the case of B classesabValue calculate it is as follows：
Work as Triga=1, TrigbWhen=1, if iaEqual to 0, then uab=-Ud/2；If iaLess than 0, then uab=0；
Work as Triga=0, TrigbWhen=1, if iaEqual to 0, then uab=-Ud/2；If iaLess than 0, then uab=-Ud；
Work as Triga=0, TrigbWhen=0, if iaEqual to 0, then uab=Ud/2；If iaLess than 0, then uab=0；
Then V is obtained1Occur open fault when, switch control signal, phase current, line voltage nominal situation voltage value with
And the correspondence list between the voltage value of line voltage fault condition；
The relation table that open fault occurs for remaining power tube can be similarly derived by.
Step 3：The probability occurred according to line voltage positive and negative values under nominal situation is identical, is derived by each failure accordingly
And the fault signature relation table of corresponding two line voltages；
Optionally, the fault signature relation table of each failure and corresponding two line voltages is risen secondary using positive level
Number and negative level decline the ratio of number as fault signature, and set a fluctuation threshold so that as long as above-mentioned ratio is in
Within the scope of fluctuation threshold, then voltage is normal, otherwise electric voltage exception, and then obtains the fault signature of failure and corresponding two line voltages
Relation table.
Further, described the step of obtaining the fault signature relation table of each failure and corresponding two line voltages, also wraps
It includes：First choice, define positive level rise to positive rising edge, negative level falls to negative failing edge；Wherein, the width of rise and fall
Degree is Ud/2；
Secondly, the ratio of number of positive rising edge and negative failing edge is x in a cycle；Under normal circumstances, x is equal to 1；Consider
The influence of noise and voltage fluctuation gives a fluctuation range x ∈ (1-α, 1+ α), wherein and α is the fluctuation threshold less than 1,
Value is adjusted according to the operating status of inverter；When the value of x is not in normal range (NR), then it represents that voltage occurs abnormal；
The state for obtaining line voltage is expressed as：
It can be found that failure by detecting level, and a cycle is counted to positive rising edge and negative failing edge, is calculated
The fault signature u of each line voltage*(x) value；
Finally, according to fault signature [uab*, ubc*] and corresponding fault relationship obtains each failure and correspondence two
The fault signature relation table of line voltage.
Step 4：By acquiring the characteristic information of the current corresponding line voltage of inverter, and obtained in finding step 3
Fault signature relation table determines the fault location information of current inverter.
By above-described embodiment it is found that herein described open-circuit fault of power tubes of inverter inline diagnosis method, by machine
The case where relationship and failure of corresponding signal occur in vehicle inverter is analyzed, and then can determine failure and corresponding line
Characteristic relation table between voltage, eventually by table look-up can be realized failure pluck existing diagnosis；Simultaneously due to herein described method
Any change need not be made to locomotive, it is only necessary to which event can be realized in the situation of change of corresponding detection a cycle line voltage
The accurate positionin of barrier can not only improve detection efficiency, and calculation amount smaller in this way, be conducive to realize existing equipment same
Diagnosis.Therefore, herein described open-circuit fault of power tubes of inverter inline diagnosis method, can quickly and effectively realize inversion
Device open-circuit fault of power tubes inline diagnosis, and calculation amount is small, accuracy rate is high.
In the application some optional embodiments, carried out specifically by taking China 25T model coach air conditioner inverters as an example
It is bright.
It is the circuit structure schematic diagram of 25T type coach air conditioner inverters with reference to shown in Fig. 2.Input is 600V DC voltages, defeated
Go out for three-phase 380V alternating voltages.It is modulated using SPWM, switching frequency 3kHz.KM1、L1And R5For the buffer circuit that charges, C1~
C4And R1~R4For DC side (PCC) power, play the role of burning voltage, KM2 and R6For discharge circuit.V1~V6For 6 difference
IGBT with anti-paralleled diode.Modulating wave ura、urb、urcAnd carrier wave ucControl signal is generated by modulation circuit.Inversion
Device output end available sensors include three-phase current sensor for measuring three-phase current and two line voltage sensor difference
Measure line voltage uabWith line voltage ubc。
Based on the sine wave of 120 ° of Three-phase SPWM generally use phase mutual deviation as modulating wave, therefore modulation wave signal can be with
It is expressed as：
Wherein, ura(t)、urb(t)、urc(t) it is respectively three-phase modulations wave signal；M is modulation depth；frFor modulating frequency；
Carrier signal is expressed as：
Wherein, k is natural number；TcAnd fcRespectively carrier cycle and carrier frequency；
Each phase is obtained by the above-mentioned two derivation of equation, and switch control signal is expressed as：
Wherein, phase=a, b, c；Work as Trigphase(t)=1 when, upper bridge arm conducting, lower bridge arm turns off, and upper bridge arm is born
Voltage be Ud；Work as Trigphase(t)=0 when, lower bridge arm conducting, upper bridge arm shutdown, the voltage that lower bridge arm is born is Ud；
According to Kirchhoff's law, the relational expression between line voltage and power tube both end voltage is expressed as：
Wherein, uab(t)、ubc(t)、uca(t) it is line voltage, uv1(t)、uv2(t)、uv3(t)、uv4(t)、uv5(t)、uv6(t)
Power tube V is corresponded to respectively1、V2、V3、V4、V5、V6The voltage at both ends；UdFor input voltage.
Further, probable value of line voltage in the case of nominal situation and open fault is analyzed.With line voltage
uabFor, the similar derivation of analysis method of other line voltages.
Under normal circumstances, line voltage output includes+Ud, 0 and-UdThree kinds of amplitudes.Level can be regular in each period
Ground checker, value and modulating wave uraAnd urbIt is related, it is divided into two kinds of situations：A) work as uraMore than or equal to urbWhen, uabEqual to+
UdOr 0；B) work as uraLess than urbWhen, uabEqual to-Ud。
According to modulating wave uraAnd urbMagnitude relation, A is equal with the number that B occurs in one cycle, i.e. level+UdGo out
Existing number is equal to-UdThe number of appearance.
Assuming that the positive direction of electric current is directed toward load, V1Open fault occurs, then uabValue can pass through line voltage and power
Relational expression between pipe both end voltage is calculated, wherein i at any timeaDirection all be it is non-just.Specifically, A class situations
Under equivalent circuit it is as shown in Figure 3.U under each on off stateabValue calculate it is as follows：
Work as Triga=1, TrigbWhen=1, if iaEqual to 0, then uab=-Ud/2；If iaLess than 0, then uab=0；
Work as Triga=1, TrigbWhen=0, if iaEqual to 0, then uab=Ud/2；If iaLess than 0, then uab=Ud；
Work as Triga=0, TrigbWhen=0, if iaEqual to 0, then uab=Ud/2；If iaLess than 0, then uab=0；
Equivalent circuit in the case of B classes is as shown in Figure 4.U under each on off stateabValue calculate it is as follows：
Work as Triga=1, TrigbWhen=1, if iaEqual to 0, then uab=-Ud/2；If iaLess than 0, then uab=0；
Work as Triga=0, TrigbWhen=1, if iaEqual to 0, then uab=-Ud/2；If iaLess than 0, then uab=-Ud；
Work as Triga=0, TrigbWhen=0, if iaEqual to 0, then uab=Ud/2；If iaLess than 0, then uab=0.
V1When open fault, line voltage uabAll probable values are as shown in Table 1 and Table 2.In normal condition and part event
In the case of barrier, iaNull situation exists only in the moment of zero passage, and such case can be ignored in the table.As can be seen that
Open fault causes new level to generate.Work as Triga=1, TrigbWhen=1, all there is u in A classes and B class situationsab=-Ud/2.When
Triga=1, TrigbThere are u for A classes situation when=0ab=Ud/2.Work as Triga=0, TrigbThere are u for B classes situation when=1ab=-
Ud/2.In one cycle, the number that the number that negative level occurs obviously increases and occurs more than positive level.
Probable value in the case of table 1A classes
Probable value in the case of table 2B classes
According to the relationship between line voltage, the failure of any phase can be determined by any two line voltage, such as line electricity
Press uabAnd ubc.They can indicate fault signature, such as [uab ubc]=[0 1] and [uab ubc]=[1 0], wherein nought state generation
Table is normal, and non-zero status represents abnormal.The single open-circuit fault of power tubes of inverter one co-exists in 6 kinds of situations, therefore, to indicate institute
Faulty feature, each line voltage therein at least need three state.This three state can be obtained according to above-mentioned analysis.
Define positive level rises to positive rising edge, and negative level falls to negative failing edge.Wherein, the width of rise and fall
Degree is Ud/2.The ratio of number of positive rising edge and negative failing edge is x in a cycle.Under normal circumstances, x is close to 1.Consider
To noise and the influence of voltage fluctuation, it is believed that be all normal when x ∈ (1- α, 1+ α), wherein α is the positive number less than 1, root
It is adjusted according to the operating status of inverter.When the value of x is not in normal range (NR), it is believed that voltage occurs abnormal.Line voltage
State can be expressed as：
After inverter puts into operation, line voltage level is uninterruptedly detected.When breaking down, line voltage generates different
Normal level.Failure can be found at once by detection level and a cycle is counted to positive rising edge and negative failing edge, calculated
The u of each line voltage is determined after to x by above formula*(x) value.Finally, by fault signature [uab*ubc*] failure is positioned.Example
Such as, V1Open fault makes line voltage uabAbnormal level is generated, the quantity due to bearing failing edge is more than the quantity of positive rising edge, institute
It is less than normal range (NR) with the value of x, then
uab*=- 1, line voltage ubcDo not have significantly affected, x has u close to 1bc*=0.
Therefore, it can obtain uniquely distinguishing V1Fault signature [the u of open faultab*ubc*]=[- 1 0].Table 3 lists institute
There is the open fault feature of power tube.
The open fault feature of 3 power tube of table
| Open fault | uab* | ubc* |
| V1 | -1 | 0 |
| V2 | 0 | -1 |
| V3 | 1 | -1 |
| V4 | 1 | 0 |
| V5 | 0 | 1 |
| V6 | -1 | 1 |
The method that the application proposes is not influenced by time of failure.Line voltage level monitoring is when inverter works one
Straight row, once line voltage level, which sends exception, can detect failure.Due to always being detected before positioning failure
One complete period, the value of x will not change substantially, and thus obtained diagnostic result will not be affected.
The change of load can cause the fluctuation of line voltage, and the quantity of positive rising edge and negative failing edge can change, the value of x
Also it can be varied from, but the trend of its variation is still the same, therefore diagnostic result will not be influenced.
In addition, in theory, the variation of carrier frequency can cause positive rising edge and negative failing edge to occur in the same proportion
Variation, the value of x are basically unchanged, and diagnostic result is unaffected.If carrier frequency is very small so that the waveform modulated
When irregular, can just method be caused wrong diagnosis occur.In addition, in true train operational process, if carrier frequency is excessively high, AD
The difficulty that sampling can tell each pulse also will increase, and may need to install high performance AD converter additional at this time.Based on upper
Analysis is stated it is found that the scheme that the application proposes has good stability.
For the feasibility of verification method, it is as shown in Figure 5 that the application has also built three-phase inverter model.The experiment dress
Set includes mainly rectifier, voltage source inverter and dSPACE systems.Control signal is generated by dSPACE systems, is connect through I/O
Mouth is sent to inverter.Relevant sensor signal is transmitted by A/D interfaces.Diagnostic module is monitored line voltage, and
Data are sent to computer and are handled.Main experiment parameter is as shown in table 4, this experiment is mainly right by taking V1 open faults as an example
Method is verified.
4 main experimental parameter of table
Respectively in T1~T6Open fault, wherein T is arranged in moment1~T6The different moments in a cycle are corresponded to respectively, are examined
Shown in disconnected result table 5.After breaking down, line voltage uabNegative failing edge quantity increase, xabValue be mainly distributed on 0.68~
Near 0.69, xbcValue close to 1.Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 give T1And T2Moment break down after diagnostic result, in figure altogether
There are 4 channels, uabWith ubcIndicate that two line voltages, 1000V/div indicate that each lattice are 1000V respectively；uab* with ubc* distinguish table
Show that the abnormality of two line voltages, 5V/div indicate that each lattice are 5V.As can be seen that the t after failure generation1Moment is detected
It is out of order, after a cycle, failure is positioned by fault signature, whole process took for about one line voltage week
Phase.
The diagnostic result of 5 different faults time of origin of table
Therefore, the method that the application proposes in most cases can be used for quickly detecting failure, and detect
About line voltage period can complete fault location after to failure.Only in some special cases, occur from failure to inspection
An of short duration transition may be needed by measuring failure, if electric current is from when the anti-paralleled diode afterflow of fault power pipe or power tube
It breaks down within the period of control shutdown.Line voltage level characterizes still normal, failure within this of short duration time at this time
It influences little or does not impact caused by system.When line voltage is distorted, detection method can make a response immediately
And take next step diagnostic measures.
Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 gives influence of the switching frequency to method.With the variation of switching frequency, positive rising edge and it is negative under
Drop edge changes in the same scale, xabAnd xbcValue be basically unchanged, diagnostic result is not affected.Table 6 and Fig. 9 are shown
Diagnostic result in the case of different loads.As can be seen that the x that different loading conditions obtainsabValue it is different.Load doubles
When, xabValue rise to 0.84 from 0.69, still be below normal range (NR), xbcValue be not affected, examining in the case of two kinds
Disconnected result is consistent.Table 7 gives the diagnostic result of all power tubes.Each open fault has unique failure special
Sign, failure is it is possible thereby to be detected and position.
Diagnostic result in the case of 6 different loads of table
The open fault diagnostic result of 7 all power tubes of table
| Open fault | xab | xbc | [uab *ubc *] |
| Normally | 1.02 | 1.01 | [0 0] |
| V1 | 0.68 | 1.02 | [-1 0] |
| V2 | 1.03 | 0.63 | [0 -1] |
| V3 | 1.65 | 0.61 | [1 -1] |
| V4 | 1.83 | 0.98 | [1 0] |
| V5 | 1.02 | 1.18 | [0 1] |
| V6 | 0.66 | 1.59 | [-1 1] |
In summary, present applicant proposes a kind of open-circuit fault of power tubes of inverter based on line voltage pulse along detection to examine
Disconnected method.By taking 25T type coach air conditioner inverters as an example, all probable values of line voltage are analyzed.According to the variation characteristic of level
Positive rising edge and negative failing edge are defined, the open fault feature of each power tube is obtained by ratio between two, thus failure is carried out
Diagnosis and positioning.Compared with existing diagnostic method, the calculation amount needed for this method is less, need not install additional sensing additional
Device need not change locomotive existing structure, have the characteristics that it is simple, be easily achieved, reduce fault detect to a certain extent
Cost.Meanwhile diagnostic result is not influenced by time of failure and loading condition, is had centainly to different switching frequencies
Robustness.
Those of ordinary skills in the art should understand that：The discussion of any of the above embodiment is exemplary only, not
It is intended to imply that the scope of the present disclosure (including claim) is limited to these examples；Under the thinking of the present invention, above example
Or can also be combined between the technical characteristic in different embodiments, step can be realized with random order, and be existed such as
Many other variations of the different aspect of the upper present invention, for simplicity, they are not provided in details.
The embodiment of the present invention be intended to cover fall within the broad range of appended claims it is all it is such replace,
Modifications and variations.Therefore, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any omission, modification, equivalent replacement, the improvement made
Deng should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of open-circuit fault of power tubes of inverter inline diagnosis method, which is characterized in that including：
Step 1：The signal relation of basic principle and modulating wave and carrier wave based on inverter control circuit, is derived by each phase
Switch control signal and line voltage and power tube both end voltage between relational expression；
Step 2：Based on each line voltage, the possibility of the relation safety pin that is obtained according to step 1 to nominal situation and fault condition
Value is analyzed, and switch control signal, phase current, the voltage value of line voltage nominal situation and line voltage fault condition are obtained
Correspondence list between voltage value；
Step 3：According under nominal situation line voltage positive and negative values occur probability it is identical, be derived by accordingly each failure and
The fault signature relation table of corresponding two line voltages；
Step 4：By acquiring the characteristic information of the current corresponding line voltage of inverter, and the failure obtained in finding step 3
Characteristic relation table determines the fault location information of current inverter.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the modulation wave signal is expressed as：
Wherein, ura(t)、urb(t)、urc(t) it is respectively three-phase modulations wave signal；M is modulation depth；frFor modulating frequency；
The carrier signal is expressed as：
Wherein, k is natural number；TcAnd fcRespectively carrier cycle and carrier frequency；
The switch control signal is expressed as：
Wherein, phase=a, b, c；Work as Trigphase(t)=1 when, upper bridge arm conducting, lower bridge arm shutdown；Work as Trigphase(t)=0
When, lower bridge arm conducting, upper bridge arm shutdown；
Relational expression between the line voltage and power tube both end voltage is expressed as：
Wherein, uab(t)、ubc(t)、uca(t) it is line voltage, uv1(t)、uv2(t)、uv3(t)、uv4(t)、uv5(t)、uv6(t) respectively
Correspond to power tube V1、V2、V3、V4、V5、V6The voltage at both ends；UdFor input voltage.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described obtaining switch control signal, phase current, line voltage just
The step of often correspondence list between the voltage value of operating mode and the voltage value of line voltage fault condition includes：
It includes+U to obtain line voltage output according to circuit theoryd, 0 and-UdThree kinds of amplitudes；Level can have rule in each period
Rule ground checker, value and modulating wave uraAnd urbIt is related, it is divided into two kinds of situations：A) work as uraMore than or equal to urbWhen, uabDeng
In+UdOr 0；B) work as uraLess than urbWhen, uabEqual to-Ud；
According to modulating wave uraAnd urbMagnitude relation, A is equal with the number that B occurs in one cycle, obtains level+UdOccur
Number be equal to-UdThe number of appearance；
Assuming that the positive direction of electric current is directed toward load, V1Open fault occurs, then uabValue can be calculated with relational expression in step 1
It arrives, wherein electric current i at any timeaDirection all be it is non-just；
U under each on off state in the case of A classesabValue calculate it is as follows：
Work as Triga=1, TrigbWhen=1, if iaEqual to 0, then uab=-Ud/2；If iaLess than 0, then uab=0；
Work as Triga=1, TrigbWhen=0, if iaEqual to 0, then uab=Ud/2；If iaLess than 0, then uab=Ud；
Work as Triga=0, TrigbWhen=0, if iaEqual to 0, then uab=Ud/2；If iaLess than 0, then uab=0；
U under each on off state in the case of B classesabValue calculate it is as follows：
Work as Triga=1, TrigbWhen=1, if iaEqual to 0, then uab=-Ud/2；If iaLess than 0, then uab=0；
Work as Triga=0, TrigbWhen=1, if iaEqual to 0, then uab=-Ud/2；If iaLess than 0, then uab=-Ud；
Work as Triga=0, TrigbWhen=0, if iaEqual to 0, then uab=Ud/2；If iaLess than 0, then uab=0；
Then V is obtained1Occur open fault when, switch control signal, phase current, line voltage nominal situation voltage value and line
Correspondence list between the voltage value of voltage failure operating mode；
The relation table that open fault occurs for remaining power tube can be similarly derived by.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the failure of each failure and corresponding two line voltages
Characteristic relation table uses the ratio of positive level rise times and negative level decline number as fault signature, and sets a fluctuation
Threshold value so that as long as above-mentioned ratio is within the scope of fluctuation threshold, then voltage is normal, otherwise electric voltage exception, and then obtains failure
With the fault signature relation table of corresponding two line voltages.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, each failure and corresponding two line voltages of obtaining
The step of fault signature relation table further includes：
First choice, define positive level rise to positive rising edge, negative level falls to negative failing edge；Wherein, rise and fall
Amplitude is Ud/2；
Secondly, the ratio of number of positive rising edge and negative failing edge is x in a cycle；Under normal circumstances, x is equal to 1；Consider noise
And the influence of voltage fluctuation, give a fluctuation range x ∈ (1-α, 1+ α), wherein α is the fluctuation threshold less than 1, value root
It is adjusted according to the operating status of inverter；When the value of x is not in normal range (NR), then it represents that voltage occurs abnormal；
The state for obtaining line voltage is expressed as：
It can be found that failure by detecting level, and a cycle is counted to positive rising edge and negative failing edge, is calculated each
The fault signature u of line voltage*(x) value；
Finally, according to fault signature [uab*, ubc*] and corresponding fault relationship obtains each failure and corresponding two line electricity
The fault signature relation table of pressure.
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