CN108303241A - A kind of modularization oil-film damping test device and method - Google Patents
A kind of modularization oil-film damping test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108303241A CN108303241A CN201711497590.3A CN201711497590A CN108303241A CN 108303241 A CN108303241 A CN 108303241A CN 201711497590 A CN201711497590 A CN 201711497590A CN 108303241 A CN108303241 A CN 108303241A
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- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of modularization oil-film damping test devices, cylindrical upper test specimen is sleeved in sleeve from the top down, upper test specimen keeps clearance fit with barrel contacts face, and being marked with fluid in the gap forms oil film, and sleeve is supported and fixed on by the step of periphery on pedestal；Upper test specimen upper surface shaft core position is installed with dynamic force snesor, and dynamic force snesor is fixedly connected with exciting rod upwards, and accelerometer one is equipped in upper test specimen upper surface；Sleeve upper surface is provided with non-contact micro-displacement sensor and accelerometer two.The invention also discloses a kind of modularization oil-film damping test methods.The device of the invention is simple in structure, method is easy to implement, is of great significance to the popularization and application of scientific research oil-film damping mechanism and film damper.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Structure dynamic characteristics technical field of measurement and test, are related to a kind of modularization oil-film damping test device, this
Invention further relates to a kind of modularization oil-film damping test method.
Background technology
It often will produce vibration when mechanical equipment works, vibrate to the operating accuracy of mechanical equipment, reliability, use the longevity
Life etc., which will produce, to be seriously affected.Damping in structural system, such as oil-film damping, frictional damping, material damping, viscoelastic damping
To there is good inhibiting effect to the vibration in mechanical structure, therefore Proper Match damping resists elevating mechanism structural system
The job stability of shaking property and guarantee equipment is of great significance.
Oil-film damping is present in the fluid between two structural members with relative motion, when the two structural members do phase
To it is of reciprocating vibration when can generate oil-film damping power, to inhibit the vibration between the two structural members.When the two structural members
Generated damping is known as tangential damping when along the tangential vibrations of oil film；Generated damping is known as when along oil film normal vibration
Normal direction damps.In mechanical structure system, usually oil-film damping, this method are generated using the oil film formed between movement faying face
Simple and easy to do, damping is good, using relatively broad in mechanized equipment.
Although oil-film damping extensive use in engineering, experience, oil film resistance are still leaned on to the design of film damper
There are which type of relationships for Buddhist nun's size and oil film thickness, viscosity, size, vibration frequency, vibration amplitude size etc., at present from theory
There is not specific saying yet to experiment, to make the rational design of film damper lack effective scientific guidance, influences oil film
Damper effective exploitation and application.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of modularization oil-film damping test device, solution lacks effective oil film resistance at present
The problem of Buddhist nun's test method and device, breaks through the limitation of Experience Design, and scientific basis is provided to rationally design film damper.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of modularization oil-film damping test methods.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is a kind of modularization oil-film damping test device, and cylindrical upper test specimen is from upper
It is sleeved in sleeve downwards, upper test specimen keeps clearance fit with barrel contacts face, and being marked with fluid in the gap forms oil film, sleeve
It is supported and fixed on pedestal by the step flange of periphery；Upper test specimen upper surface shaft core position is installed with dynamic force sensing
Device, dynamic force snesor are fixedly connected with exciting rod upwards, and accelerometer one is equipped in upper test specimen upper surface；In sleeve upper end
Face is provided with non-contact micro-displacement sensor and accelerometer two.
Another technical solution that the present invention uses is that a kind of modularization oil-film damping test method utilizes above-mentioned module
Carburetion film damping test device, implements according to the following steps：
Establish following kinetics equation：
Wherein, f is extraneous exciting force, is measured by dynamic force snesor；fτFor the tangential damping force of oil film；M is upper test specimen
Quality；For the vibration acceleration of upper test specimen；CτIt is tangentially damped for oil film；For the Relative Vibration between upper test specimen and sleeve
Speed, abbreviation oil film tangential vibrations speed,
When extraneous exciting force f is simple harmonic quantity power, then enable：
fτ=Fτcosωt (3)
Wherein, FτFor the amplitude of the tangential damping force of oil film；ω is excited frequency；T is time variable；xτFor upper test specimen and set
Relative Vibration displacement between cylinder, abbreviation oil film tangential vibrations displacement；XτFor the amplitude of oil film tangential vibrations displacement；For oil film
Tangential vibrations displacement xτWith the tangential damping force f of oil filmτBetween phase difference,
Oil film tangential vibrations speed is obtained by formula (4)
Formula (3), (4), (5) are brought into formula (2), the calculating formula that oil film tangentially damps is obtained：
In formula (6),
Wherein, F is the amplitude of extraneous exciting force f；
In formula (6), formula (7), the quality m and excited frequency ω of upper test specimen be it is known,It is surveyed by accelerometer one
, extraneous amplitude of exciting force F is measured by dynamic force snesor；Oil film tangential vibrations displacement XτPass through non-contact micro-displacement sensing
Device measures；Pass through fτPhase difference and x relative to fτIt is acquired relative to the phase difference of f, oil film is finally calculated by formula (6)
Tangential damping size.
The invention has the advantages that the test device is easily achieved the damping test under different oil film sizes, there is mould
Block feature, and do not influenced by surrounding structure, the damping value of target oil film can be gone out by measuring and calculation model separation, both
The tangential damping of oil film can be obtained, it is also possible to obtain the normal direction of oil film damps.Test method of the present invention and device are simple and easy to do,
Oil-film damping under the working conditions such as different oil film thicknesses, viscosity, size, vibration frequency, vibration amplitude can be effectively identified, to visiting
The popularization and application of rope research oil-film damping mechanism and film damper are of great significance.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the tangential damping test system structure diagram of oil film；
Fig. 2 is the tangential damping test computation model figure of oil film；
Fig. 3 is oil film normal direction damping test system structure diagram；
Fig. 4 is oil film normal direction damping test computation model figure.
In figure, 1. exciting rods, 2. dynamic force snesors, 3. accelerometers one, test specimen on 4., 5. accelerometers two, 6. is non-
Contact micro-displacement sensor, 7. sleeves, 8. pedestals, 9. times test specimens.
Specific implementation mode
Invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Referring to Fig.1, the structure of apparatus of the present invention is that cylindrical upper test specimen 4 is sleeved on from the top down in sleeve 7, upper examination
Part 4 keeps clearance fit with 7 contact surface of sleeve, and being marked with fluid in the gap forms oil film, along (close in 7 upper surface of sleeve
Gap side) it is provided with annular oil groove, wherein being perfused with fluid to keep continuing fuel feeding to oil film；The step that sleeve 7 passes through periphery
Flange is supported and fixed on pedestal 8；4 upper surface shaft core position of upper test specimen is installed with dynamic force snesor 2, dynamic force sensing
Device 2 is fixedly connected with exciting rod 1 upwards, and accelerometer 1 is equipped in 4 upper surface of upper test specimen；It is provided in 7 upper surface of sleeve
Non-contact micro-displacement sensor 6 and accelerometer 25.
When exciting rod 1 applies the exciting force of certain frequency by dynamic force snesor 2 to upper test specimen 4, upper test specimen 4 and set
Relative Vibration occurs between cylinder 7, at this moment the oil film between 7 inner wall of upper test specimen 4 and sleeve generates tangential damping force, to prevent this from shaking
It is dynamic.The extraneous exciting force size that upper test specimen 4 is measured by dynamic force snesor 2, upper test specimen 4 is measured by accelerometer 1
Vibration acceleration tests out the vibration displacement between upper test specimen 4 and sleeve 7 by non-contact micro-displacement sensor 6, passes through acceleration
Degree meter 25 tests out the vibration acceleration of sleeve 7.
With reference to Fig. 2, the method for the present invention establishes following kinetics equation based on above-mentioned device：
Wherein, f is extraneous exciting force, is measured by dynamic force snesor 2；fτFor the tangential damping force of oil film；M is upper test specimen
4 quality；For the vibration acceleration of upper test specimen 4；CτIt is tangentially damped for oil film；It is opposite between upper test specimen 4 and sleeve 7
Vibration velocity, abbreviation oil film tangential vibrations speed.
When extraneous exciting force f is simple harmonic quantity power, then enable：
fτ=Fτcosωt (3)
Wherein, FτFor the amplitude of the tangential damping force of oil film；ω is excited frequency；T is time variable；xτFor upper test specimen 4 and set
Relative Vibration displacement between cylinder 7, abbreviation oil film tangential vibrations displacement；XτFor the amplitude of oil film tangential vibrations displacement；For oil
Film tangential vibrations displacement xτWith the tangential damping force f of oil filmτBetween phase difference.
Oil film tangential vibrations speed is obtained by formula (4)
Formula (3), (4), (5) are brought into formula (2), the calculating formula that oil film tangentially damps is obtained：
In formula (6),
Wherein, F is the amplitude of extraneous exciting force f；
In formula (6), formula (7), the quality m and excited frequency ω of upper test specimen 4 be it is known,Pass through accelerometer 1
It measures, extraneous amplitude of exciting force F is measured by dynamic force snesor 2；Oil film tangential vibrations displacement XτPass through non-contact micro-displacement
Sensor 6 measures；Pass through fτPhase difference and x relative to fτIt is acquired relative to the phase difference of f, therefore based on embodiment 1
Device and the numerical value of detection are finally calculated the tangential damping size of oil film by formula (6).
It is set with lower test specimen 9 in the interior stepped hole of pedestal 8 on aforementioned device basic shown in FIG. 1 with reference to Fig. 3, under
Fluid is injected between 9 upper surface of test specimen and the lower face of upper test specimen 4 forms plane oil film, it, should when upper test specimen 4 does up-down vibration
Plane oil film can generate normal direction damping force；Flanged annular oil groove is circumferentially offered in 9 upper surface of lower test specimen, wherein filling
Fluid is marked with to keep continuing fuel feeding to normal direction oil film；The cylindrical surface and its lower end that tangential oil film is generated in upper test specimen generate normal direction
The lower face of oil film keeps plumbness.Under the configuration state, it will be generated simultaneously by upper test specimen 4 in 4 vibration processes of upper test specimen
Oil film is formed by tangential damping force between sleeve 7, while being formed by normal direction by oil film between upper test specimen 4 and lower test specimen 9
Damping force, thus need tangentially to damp the aforementioned oil film measured deduct after can just obtain the normal direction damping size of oil film.
With reference to Fig. 4, following kinetics equation is established：
Wherein, f is extraneous exciting force；fτFor the tangential damping force of oil film；fnFor oil film normal direction damping force；CnFor oil film normal direction
Damping；For the Relative Vibration speed between upper test specimen 4 and lower test specimen 9, abbreviation oil film normal direction vibration velocity,
When extraneous exciting force f is simple harmonic quantity power, since sleeve 7 and lower test specimen 9 are fixed on the same pedestal, and by upper
The up-down vibration of test specimen 4 generates tangential damping and normal direction damping simultaneously, therefore generates the vibration position of tangential damping and normal direction damping
Shifting is identical, and unification is indicated with oil film vibration displacement x, then obtains following expression：
fτ+fn=(Fn+Fτ)cosωt (10)
Oil film vibration speed is obtained by formula (11)
Wherein, Fτ、FnRespectively oil film tangentially with normal direction damping force amplitude；ω is excited frequency；T is time variable；X is
Oil film vibration displacement amplitude；For oil film vibration displacement x and oil-film damping power (fn+fτ) between phase difference；
Formula (2), formula (9), formula (12) are brought into formula (10), oil film normal direction Damping calculating formula is obtained：
In formula (13),
Wherein, F is the amplitude of extraneous exciting force f；
In formula (13), formula (14), the quality m and excited frequency ω of upper test specimen 4 be it is known,Pass through accelerometer one
3 measure, and extraneous amplitude of exciting force F is measured by dynamic force snesor 2；Oil film vibration displacement X passes through non-contact micro-displacement sensing
Device 6 measures；Pass through (fτ+fn) acquired relative to the phase difference of f relative to the phase difference and x of f, therefore based on embodiment 2
Device and the numerical value of detection, the normal direction that oil film is calculated by formula (13) damp size.
The device of the invention, by upper test specimen 4 and sleeve 7 of the replacement with different fit dimensions can flexible combination go out not
With oil film thickness and different size oil-film damping test experiments schemes.It is by two clearance fits with the oil film tangentially damped
Fluid is added between cylindrical surface to be formed, by changing gap size, cylindrical surface size realizes different oil film thicknesses and different rulers
The test analysis of very little oil-film damping.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of modularization oil-film damping test device, it is characterised in that：Cylindrical upper test specimen is sleeved on sleeve from the top down
In, upper test specimen keeps clearance fit with barrel contacts face, and being marked with fluid in the gap forms oil film, the step that sleeve passes through periphery
Flange is supported and fixed on pedestal；Upper test specimen upper surface shaft core position is installed with dynamic force snesor, dynamic force snesor
It is fixedly connected with exciting rod upwards, accelerometer one is installed in upper test specimen upper surface；It is provided in sleeve upper surface non-contact
Micro-displacement sensor and accelerometer two.
2. modularization oil-film damping test device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The interior step of the pedestal
It is set with lower test specimen in hole, fluid is injected between lower test specimen upper surface and the lower face of upper test specimen and forms plane oil film.
3. modularization oil-film damping test device according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The sleeve upper end
Along annular oil groove is provided in face, wherein being perfused with fluid to keep continuing fuel feeding to tangential oil film.
4. modularization oil-film damping test device according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：On the lower test specimen
End face circumferentially offers flanged annular oil groove, wherein being perfused with fluid to keep continuing fuel feeding to normal direction oil film.
5. modularization oil-film damping test device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：It is generated in the upper test specimen
The lower face that the cylindrical surface of tangential oil film generates normal direction oil film with its lower end keeps plumbness.
6. a kind of modularization oil-film damping test method, using modularization oil-film damping test device described in claim 1,
It is characterized in that, implements according to the following steps：
Establish following kinetics equation：
Wherein, f is extraneous exciting force, is measured by dynamic force snesor；fτFor the tangential damping force of oil film；M is the matter of upper test specimen
Amount；For the vibration acceleration of upper test specimen；CτIt is tangentially damped for oil film；Relative Vibration speed between upper test specimen and sleeve,
Abbreviation oil film tangential vibrations speed,
When extraneous exciting force f is simple harmonic quantity power, then enable：
fτ=Fτcosωt (3)
Wherein, FτFor the amplitude of the tangential damping force of oil film；ω is excited frequency；T is time variable；xτFor upper test specimen and sleeve it
Between Relative Vibration displacement, abbreviation oil film tangential vibrations displacement；XτFor the amplitude of oil film tangential vibrations displacement；It is tangential for oil film
Vibration displacement xτWith the tangential damping force f of oil filmτBetween phase difference,
Oil film tangential vibrations speed is obtained by formula (4)
Formula (3), (4), (5) are brought into formula (2), the calculating formula that oil film tangentially damps is obtained：
In formula (6),
Wherein, F is the amplitude of extraneous exciting force f；
In formula (6), formula (7), the quality m and excited frequency ω of upper test specimen be it is known,It is measured by accelerometer one, outside
Boundary amplitude of exciting force F is measured by dynamic force snesor；Oil film tangential vibrations displacement XτIt is surveyed by non-contact micro-displacement sensor
；Pass through fτPhase difference and x relative to fτIt is acquired relative to the phase difference of f, cutting for oil film is finally calculated by formula (6)
To damping size.
7. a kind of modularization oil-film damping test method, using the modularization oil-film damping test device described in claim 2,
It is characterized in that, implements according to the following steps：
Establish following kinetics equation：
Wherein, f is extraneous exciting force；fτFor the tangential damping force of oil film；fnFor oil film normal direction damping force；CnIt is damped for oil film normal direction；For the Relative Vibration speed between upper test specimen and lower test specimen, abbreviation oil film normal direction vibration velocity,
It is unified to be indicated with oil film vibration displacement x when extraneous exciting force f is simple harmonic quantity power, then obtain following expression：
fτ+fn=(Fn+Fτ)cosωt (10)
Oil film vibration speed is obtained by formula (11)
Wherein, Fτ、FnRespectively oil film tangentially with normal direction damping force amplitude；ω is excited frequency；T is time variable；X is oil film
Vibration displacement amplitude；For oil film vibration displacement x and oil-film damping power (fn+fτ) between phase difference；
Formula (2), formula (9), formula (12) are brought into formula (10), oil film normal direction Damping calculating formula is obtained：
In formula (13),
Wherein, F is the amplitude of extraneous exciting force f；
In formula (13), formula (14), the quality m and excited frequency ω of upper test specimen 4 be it is known,It is surveyed by accelerometer 1
, extraneous amplitude of exciting force F is measured by dynamic force snesor 2；Oil film vibration displacement X passes through non-contact micro-displacement sensor 6
It measures；Pass through (fτ+fn) acquired relative to the phase difference of f relative to the phase difference and x of f, therefore based on the dress of embodiment 2
The numerical value set and detected, the normal direction that oil film is calculated by formula (13) damp size.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111730410A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-10-02 | 湖北文理学院 | Static pressure and dynamic and static pressure main shaft oil film rigidity damping real-time measurement method and device, detection device, storage medium and system |
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| CN111730410A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-10-02 | 湖北文理学院 | Static pressure and dynamic and static pressure main shaft oil film rigidity damping real-time measurement method and device, detection device, storage medium and system |
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