CN108288742B - Radio frequency isolation gate, signal isolation method, radio frequency isolation transmission circuit and transmission method - Google Patents
Radio frequency isolation gate, signal isolation method, radio frequency isolation transmission circuit and transmission method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108288742B CN108288742B CN201711327681.2A CN201711327681A CN108288742B CN 108288742 B CN108288742 B CN 108288742B CN 201711327681 A CN201711327681 A CN 201711327681A CN 108288742 B CN108288742 B CN 108288742B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/32—Non-reciprocal transmission devices
- H01P1/36—Isolators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/0213—Electrical arrangements not otherwise provided for
- H05K1/0237—High frequency adaptations
- H05K1/0239—Signal transmission by AC coupling
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of signal isolation, in particular to a radio frequency isolation gate, a signal isolation method, a radio frequency isolation transmission circuit and a transmission method. A radio frequency isolation gate includes a set of parallel plate transmission lines coupled for conduction and a PCB medium in which the two sets of parallel plate transmission lines are disposed. Each group of parallel plate transmission lines comprises two transmission lines which are parallel to each other; two parallel transmission lines in each group of parallel plate transmission lines are respectively arranged on two layers of PCB media. The end of the transmission line connected with the waveguide transmission line in each group of parallel plate transmission lines is coupled and conducted with the corresponding part of the other transmission line in the group of parallel plate transmission lines; the end of each group of parallel plate transmission lines remote from the waveguide transmission line is disconnected from the corresponding part of the other transmission line.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of radio frequency signal isolation, in particular to a radio frequency isolation gate, a signal isolation method, a radio frequency isolation transmission circuit and a transmission method.
Background
The isolation transmission circuit is used for electrically connecting two sides of the isolation circuit and transmitting signals at the same time. As shown in fig. 1. The use of isolation circuits in electronic systems is generally in the interest of safety and interference isolation.
The isolation transmission circuit used at present mainly has optical coupling and magnetic coupling schemes. The optical coupler converts the electric signal into the light source to be transmitted on one side of the transmitting end, the photosensitive diode is used on one side of the receiving end to receive the transmitting signal of the light source, and the optical signal is converted into the electric signal, so that the purpose of transmitting the signal while isolating the electric appliance is achieved. The magnetic coupling means converts the electric signal into a magnetic field at one side of the transmitting end and converts the corresponding magnetic field into the electric signal at one side of the receiving end, for example, a transformer, which can transmit the signal while realizing the electrical isolation. Due to the limitation of devices, the current mainstream technology cannot be applied when the signal is in the frequency band of GHz and above.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems in the prior art, a radio frequency isolation gate and a signal isolation method are provided, which are used for radio frequency differential signal isolation transmission; further, a radio frequency isolation transmission circuit and a transmission method are provided, so that single-ended radio frequency signals are isolated and transmitted without damage through an isolation gate.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a radio frequency isolation gate comprises two groups of parallel plate transmission lines which are coupled and conducted and a PCB medium for arranging the two groups of parallel plate transmission lines.
Each group of parallel plate transmission lines comprises two transmission lines which are parallel to each other; two parallel transmission lines in each group of parallel plate transmission lines are respectively arranged on two layers of PCB media.
Furthermore, the end part of the transmission line connected with the waveguide transmission line in each group of parallel plate transmission lines is coupled and conducted with the corresponding part of the other transmission line in the group of parallel plate transmission lines; the end of each set of parallel plate transmission lines remote from the waveguide transmission line is disconnected from the corresponding portion of the other transmission line.
Further, the positive radio frequency differential signal and the negative radio frequency differential signal are transmitted to two groups of parallel plate transmission lines through the coplanar waveguide transmission lines in a coplanar waveguide mode, and the positive radio frequency differential signal is transmitted to the other layer of wiring of the group of parallel plate transmission lines through the coupling effect of the group of parallel plate transmission lines; meanwhile, the negative radio frequency differential signal is transmitted to the other layer of wiring of the parallel plate transmission line through the coupling action of the parallel plate transmission line.
Further, the electrical length of all transmission lines in the two groups of parallel plate transmission lines is x/4 wavelength of the radio frequency differential signal carrier; wherein the range of x is an odd number of 1 or more.
Further, the axes of the two parallel plate transmission lines which are positioned on the same plane are on the same straight line.
The isolated transmission method of the radio frequency isolation gate comprises the following steps:
the positive radio frequency differential signal and the negative radio frequency differential signal are transmitted to two groups of parallel plate transmission lines in a coplanar waveguide mode, and the positive radio frequency differential signal is transmitted to the other layer of wiring of the group of parallel plate transmission lines through the coupling effect of the group of parallel plate transmission lines; meanwhile, the negative radio frequency differential signal is transmitted to the other layer of wiring of the parallel plate transmission line through the coupling action of the other group of parallel plate transmission line, so that the isolated transmission of the radio frequency differential signal is realized;
wherein each group of parallel plate transmission lines comprises two transmission lines which are parallel to each other; two parallel transmission lines in each group of parallel plate transmission lines are respectively arranged on two layers of PCB media.
Furthermore, the end part of the transmission line connected with the waveguide transmission line in each group of parallel plate transmission lines is coupled and conducted with the corresponding part of the other transmission line in the group of parallel plate transmission lines; the end of each set of parallel plate transmission lines remote from the waveguide transmission line is disconnected from the corresponding portion of the other transmission line.
The radio frequency isolation transmission circuit based on the radio frequency isolation gate further comprises: two converters; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the converter is used for converting the single-ended signal into a radio frequency differential signal and transmitting the radio frequency differential signal to the radio frequency isolation gate in a coplanar waveguide mode;
the other converter is used for converting the radio frequency differential signal which is isolated and output by the radio frequency isolation grid into a single-ended signal to be output;
the two converters are respectively arranged on two layers of PCB media; the parallel plate transmission line and the converter on the same layer meet the requirement of characteristic impedance matching; the ground of the converter is arranged at a corresponding position of the other layer.
Further, the transmission method of the radio frequency isolation transmission circuit includes:
converting the single-ended signal into a radio frequency differential signal through a converter;
transmitting the radio frequency differential signal to the radio frequency isolation gate in a coplanar waveguide mode;
converting the radio frequency differential signal which is isolated and output by the radio frequency isolation grid into a single-ended signal to be output through another converter;
the two converters are respectively arranged on two layers of PCB media; the parallel plate transmission line and the converter on the same layer meet the requirement of characteristic impedance matching; the ground of the converter is arranged at a corresponding position of the other layer.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the structure of the isolation gate is that the parallel plate transmission line with the electrical length of 1/4 odd-number times wavelength of the radio frequency differential signal carrier and open-ended terminals is used for signal isolation transmission, high-frequency signals can be transmitted from one side of the isolation gate to the other side without distortion and attenuation, and the voltage withstanding capability of a PCB medium is relied on to meet the requirement of isolation voltage withstanding test.
When the input signal is a single-ended signal, the single-ended signal is converted into a radio frequency differential signal by using an unbalanced-balanced converter, and before the radio frequency differential signal enters an isolation gate, the spacing between conductors on the same layer on a PCB is increased by using a coplanar waveguide transmission mode, so that the isolation circuit can meet the requirement of an isolation withstand voltage test more easily.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art isolated transmission circuit.
Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a microstrip line on a PCB dielectric in a prior art design.
Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a coplanar waveguide on a PCB medium in a prior art design.
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a parallel plate transmission line.
Fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram of the rf isolation circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a graph of the reflection coefficient of the input port of the rf isolation transmission circuit of the present invention with a center frequency of 2.5 GHz.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the actual test result of the forward voltage transmission coefficient of the RF isolation transmission circuit of the present invention with a center frequency of 2.5 GHz.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Description of the invention:
1. the converter is an unbalanced-balanced converter, and is a converter for converting a single-ended signal and a radio frequency differential signal into each other, and the converter can convert signals of any frequency band from a low frequency band to a microwave frequency band.
2. As is known in the art, for a single-ended rf signal, it is often transmitted by using a microstrip line or a stripline, etc. with a characteristic impedance meeting the design requirement, so that a ground is needed right below the signal line on the PCB, as shown in fig. 3, which is a cross-sectional view of the PCB of a conventional single-ended rf signal line.
3. As a general knowledge known to those skilled in the art, for the rf differential signal, a coplanar waveguide with a characteristic impedance meeting the requirement can be used for transmission, the coplanar waveguide is designed on a PCB, and no ground is needed below the rf differential signal line, as shown in fig. 4.
4. As is known to those skilled in the art, the parallel plate transmission line has a structure as shown in fig. 5, i.e., the upper and lower layers are of equal width, and its characteristic impedance and electrical length are easily designed and controlled.
The working process of the invention is as follows: the rf isolation transmission circuit is composed of the connection relationship shown in fig. 6. The signals on both sides are single-ended signals, and an unbalanced-balanced converter is arranged on each side and used for converting the single-ended signals into radio frequency differential signals. The isolated gate uses the converted radio frequency differential signal.
Step 1: and the single-ended signal at the first side is transmitted to the unbalanced-balanced transformer through the microstrip line/strip line and converted into a radio frequency differential signal.
Step 2: the rf differential signal is transmitted by a coplanar waveguide (e.g., via a first-side coplanar waveguide transmission line in fig. 7) to an isolated gate having two sets of parallel-plate transmission lines (the first set is referred to as a plate transmission line 1 in fig. 7; the second set is referred to as a plate transmission line 2 in fig. 7) and a PCB dielectric, where no ground is required below the coplanar waveguide. The parallel plate transmission line is open-ended and has an electrical length of (x/4) wavelength of the RF differential signal carrier, x being an odd number. The top and bottom traces of the parallel plate transmission line under this setting are equivalent to a short circuit at the input port, and thus, the signal is transmitted to the other side without distortion and loss.
And step 3: the rf differential signal transmitted to the other side is transmitted to the balun by the coplanar waveguide (the second-side coplanar waveguide transmission line in fig. 7), and then converted into a second-side single-ended signal by the balun, and then output by the microstrip line/stripline. (as in fig. 7, the first-side single-ended signal and the second-side single-ended signal are located on two end faces of the PCB medium, where the first-side signal ground corresponding to the first-side single-ended signal is located on the other end face of the PCB medium and is located on the same PCB plane as the second-side single-ended signal;
more specifically, when the positive and negative radio frequency differential signals are respectively and correspondingly transmitted to the parallel plate transmission lines with two open-ended terminals in a coplanar waveguide mode, the positive radio frequency differential signal is transmitted to the other layer of wiring of the parallel plate transmission line through the coupling action of the parallel plate transmission line; meanwhile, the negative radio frequency differential signal is transmitted to the other layer of wiring of the parallel plate transmission line through the coupling action of the other parallel plate transmission line, and the isolated transmission of the radio frequency differential signal is realized.
The first embodiment is as follows: for parallel plate transmission lines with odd wavelengths 1/4, 3/4, 5/4, 7/4, … … and the like 1/4 of the radio frequency differential signal carrier, when the tail ends of the parallel plate transmission lines are open (i.e. the end of the transmission line far away from the waveguide transmission line in each group of parallel plate transmission lines is disconnected with the corresponding part of the other transmission line), the tail ends of the parallel plate transmission lines are equivalent to short circuits (i.e. the end of the transmission line connected with the waveguide transmission line in each group of parallel plate transmission lines is coupled and conducted with the corresponding part of the other transmission line in the group of parallel plate transmission lines). Thus, for the parallel-plate transmission line of FIG. 5 and the parallel-plate transmission lines 1, 2 of FIG. 7, whose electrical lengths are controlled at the 1/4 wavelength of the RF differential signal carrier, if their top and bottom line terminations are open, their top and bottom lines are equivalently shorted at the source end (i.e., the end connected to the differential signal line), i.e., VBottom layer circuit＝VTop layer circuit，I Bottom layer circuit＝ITop layer circuit. I.e. the signal of the top layer line is transmitted to the bottom layer line without distortion and loss.
Example two: as shown in fig. 7, the two parallel plate transmission line axes located on the same plane are on the same straight line; of course, the effect is best at this time;
the axes of the two parallel plate transmission lines on the same plane can be at other angles, so that the two parallel plate transmission lines can be ensured to be on the same plane;
example three: the radio frequency isolation transmission circuit with the center frequency of 2.5GHz is designed according to the principle of the invention, and the bandwidth is 2.4GHz-2.6 GHz. The unbalanced-balanced converter adopts HHM1710J1 of TDK company, the frequency range is 2.3GHz-2.7GHz, and the in-band insertion loss is about 1 dB. The PCB board selects FR4 with a thickness of 0.508mm, and corresponding microstrip lines, coplanar waveguides and parallel board transmission lines are designed according to the board. After the test, the results are shown in fig. 8 and fig. 9, the abscissa of the two graphs of the test results represents the frequency of the radio frequency differential signal, the ordinate of fig. 8 represents the reflection coefficient (S11), and the ordinate of fig. 9 represents the transmission coefficient (S21). The test results 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 in fig. 8 respectively show the reflection coefficients corresponding to the frequencies of the rf differential signal of 2400MHz,2450MHz,2500MHz,2600MHz, and 2700MHz, and those skilled in the art should know that the smaller reflection coefficient (i.e. the larger negative dB) of the transmission circuit represents the smaller transmission loss, and it can be seen from the figure that the test results satisfy the requirement of the isolated transmission circuit. The transmission coefficients corresponding to the frequencies of the rf differential signals 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 in fig. 9 are 2400MHz,2450MHz,2500MHz,2600MHz, and 2700MHz, respectively, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the closer the transmission coefficient is to 0dB represents the smaller the transmission loss of the transmission circuit, and the insertion loss of about 2.1dB in the range of 2.3-2.7G can be seen in the test result graph, and those skilled in the art should understand that the insertion loss is caused by the unbalanced-balanced transformer, and the circuit theoretically has no insertion loss. The insertion loss value can be reduced by using a more optimal balun transformer. The circuit has good standing waves as can be seen by combining the two figures. Therefore, the isolation transmission circuit designed by the invention has good transmission characteristics.
Example four: before entering the isolation gate, a coplanar waveguide transmission mode is used, so that the distance between the conductors on the same layer on the PCB is increased, and the isolation circuit can meet the requirement of an isolation withstand voltage test more easily.
Converting the single-ended signal into a differential signal through a converter; the two converters are respectively positioned at two layers of PCB media (PCB medium top layer or PCB medium bottom layer) in a parallel plate transmission line which is transmitted to the radio frequency isolated gate through a coplanar waveguide transmission mode, namely, a waveguide transmission line and is positioned at the same layer; the parallel plate transmission line and the converter on the same layer meet the requirement of characteristic impedance matching; the ground wire of the converter is arranged at a corresponding position of another layer of the PCB medium; in addition, the PCB medium is capable of withstanding a certain degree of power frequency withstand voltage, for example, 0.5mm thick insulating board FR4, and at least 500V or more power frequency withstand voltage can be tolerated between the top layer conductor and the bottom layer conductor. Therefore, according to the isolation requirement, the thickness and the material of the PCB medium are reasonably selected, and the power frequency withstand voltage requirement required by the isolation transmission circuit can be met.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.
Claims (6)
1. A radio frequency isolation gate is characterized by comprising two groups of parallel plate transmission lines which are coupled and conducted and a PCB medium for arranging the two groups of parallel plate transmission lines; each group of parallel plate transmission lines comprises top layer wires of the parallel plate transmission lines and bottom layer wires of the parallel plate transmission lines; the PCB medium is positioned between the top layer wire and the bottom layer wire of the parallel plate transmission lines, the top layer wires of the two groups of parallel plate transmission lines are respectively connected with the first side coplanar differential line at one end, one end of the bottom layer wire of the corresponding two groups of parallel plate transmission lines is respectively connected with the second side coplanar differential line, the other end terminals of the two groups of parallel plate transmission lines are open-circuited, the electrical length of the parallel plate transmission lines is x/4 wavelength of the radio frequency differential signal carrier, and x is an odd number; the end part of the transmission line, which is connected with the coplanar differential line, of one transmission line in each group of parallel plate transmission lines is coupled and conducted with the corresponding part of the other transmission line in the group of parallel plate transmission lines; the end of one transmission line in each set of parallel plate transmission lines, which is far away from the coplanar differential line, is disconnected from the corresponding part of the other transmission line.
2. The radio frequency isolation gate according to claim 1, wherein the top layer trace of the parallel plate transmission line and the bottom layer trace of the parallel plate transmission line are two transmission lines parallel to each other; the top layer routing of the parallel plate transmission line in each group of parallel plate transmission lines is arranged on the upper side of the PCB medium; the bottom layer routing of the parallel plate transmission line in each group of parallel plate transmission lines is arranged on the lower side of the PCB medium.
3. The radio frequency isolation gate of claim 1, wherein the positive and negative radio frequency differential signals are transmitted to two sets of parallel plate transmission lines through the coplanar differential lines in a coplanar waveguide manner, and the positive radio frequency differential signal is transmitted to another trace of the set of parallel plate transmission lines through the coupling effect of the one set of parallel plate transmission lines; meanwhile, the negative radio frequency differential signal is transmitted to the other layer of wiring of the parallel plate transmission line through the coupling action of the other group of parallel plate transmission line; the coplanar waveguide means that the positive radio frequency differential signal and the negative radio frequency differential signal are positioned on the same plane.
4. The radio frequency isolation barrier of claim 1, wherein the two parallel plate transmission line axes lying in the same plane are in the same line.
5. A signal isolation method of a radio frequency isolation gate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the positive radio frequency differential signal and the negative radio frequency differential signal are transmitted to two groups of parallel plate transmission lines in a coplanar waveguide mode, and the positive radio frequency differential signal is transmitted to the other layer of wiring of the group of parallel plate transmission lines through the coupling effect of the group of parallel plate transmission lines; meanwhile, the negative radio frequency differential signal is transmitted to the other layer of wiring of the parallel plate transmission line through the coupling action of the other group of parallel plate transmission line, so that the isolated transmission of the radio frequency differential signal is realized; the two parallel transmission lines in each group of parallel plate transmission lines refer to a top layer routing line and a bottom layer routing line of the parallel plate transmission lines, and the top layer routing line of the parallel plate transmission lines and the bottom layer routing line of the parallel plate transmission lines are two parallel transmission lines; the two groups of parallel plate transmission lines refer to a first group of parallel plate transmission lines and a second group of parallel plate transmission lines, namely two parallel transmission lines in the first group of parallel plate transmission lines refer to a top layer wire of the first group of parallel plate transmission lines and a bottom layer wire of the first group of parallel plate transmission lines; the two parallel transmission lines in the second group of parallel plate transmission lines refer to the top layer routing of the second group of parallel plate transmission lines and the bottom layer routing of the second group of parallel plate transmission lines;
the top layer routing of the parallel plate transmission line in each group of parallel plate transmission lines is arranged on the upper side of the PCB medium; the bottom layer routing of the parallel plate transmission line in each group of parallel plate transmission lines is arranged on the lower side of the PCB medium; the PCB medium is positioned between the top layer wire and the bottom layer wire of the parallel plate transmission line, the top layer wire of two groups of parallel plate transmission lines is respectively connected with the first side coplanar differential line at one end, one end of the bottom layer wire of the corresponding two groups of parallel plate transmission lines is respectively connected with the second side coplanar differential line, the other end terminals of the two groups of parallel plate transmission lines are open-circuited, the electrical length of the parallel plate transmission lines is x/4 wavelength of the radio frequency differential signal carrier, and x is an odd number; the end part of the transmission line, which is connected with the coplanar differential line, of one transmission line in each group of parallel plate transmission lines is coupled and conducted with the corresponding part of the other transmission line in the group of parallel plate transmission lines; the end part of one transmission line in each group of parallel plate transmission lines, which is far away from the coplanar differential line, is disconnected with the corresponding part of the other transmission line; coplanar waveguide means that the positive and negative radio frequency differential signals are located in the same plane.
6. A radio frequency isolation transmission circuit based on the radio frequency isolation gate of claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized by further comprising: two converters; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the converter is used for converting the single-ended signal into a radio frequency differential signal and transmitting the radio frequency differential signal to the radio frequency isolation gate in a coplanar waveguide mode;
the other converter is used for converting the radio frequency differential signal which is isolated and output by the radio frequency isolation grid into a single-ended signal to be output; the two converters are respectively positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the PCB medium; the parallel plate transmission line and the converter positioned on the same side meet the requirement of characteristic impedance matching; the ground wire of the converter is arranged at a signal ground position on the other side of the PCB medium; coplanar waveguide means that the positive and negative radio frequency differential signals are located in the same plane.
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| CN201711327681.2A CN108288742B (en) | 2017-12-13 | 2017-12-13 | Radio frequency isolation gate, signal isolation method, radio frequency isolation transmission circuit and transmission method |
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| CN1266290A (en) * | 1999-01-06 | 2000-09-13 | 株式会社村田制作所 | Irreversible circuit device and irreversible circuit equipment and receiving/transmitting unit using same |
| CN101154925A (en) * | 2006-09-27 | 2008-04-02 | 锐迪科微电子（上海）有限公司 | Radio-frequency differential-to-single-ended converter |
| CN101217211A (en) * | 2008-01-08 | 2008-07-09 | 东南大学 | A millimeter wave low reflection high isolation power synthesizer |
| CN105914439A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-08-31 | 电子科技大学 | Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) H-plane self-bias isolator based on soft magnetic nano wire array |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| TWI575808B (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2017-03-21 | 吳家和 | Isolation structure of microstrip for reducing crosstalk |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1266290A (en) * | 1999-01-06 | 2000-09-13 | 株式会社村田制作所 | Irreversible circuit device and irreversible circuit equipment and receiving/transmitting unit using same |
| CN101154925A (en) * | 2006-09-27 | 2008-04-02 | 锐迪科微电子（上海）有限公司 | Radio-frequency differential-to-single-ended converter |
| CN101217211A (en) * | 2008-01-08 | 2008-07-09 | 东南大学 | A millimeter wave low reflection high isolation power synthesizer |
| CN105914439A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-08-31 | 电子科技大学 | Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) H-plane self-bias isolator based on soft magnetic nano wire array |
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