CN108285776A - With warn, hunt leak, the application process of the hydrocarbon refrigeration additive of datonation-inhibition function - Google Patents
With warn, hunt leak, the application process of the hydrocarbon refrigeration additive of datonation-inhibition function Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/042—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising compounds containing carbon and hydrogen only
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- C07D221/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D221/04—Ortho- or peri-condensed ring systems
- C07D221/06—Ring systems of three rings
- C07D221/14—Aza-phenalenes, e.g. 1,8-naphthalimide
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M133/40—Six-membered ring containing nitrogen and carbon only
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- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/20—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
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- C09K2211/1029—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing one nitrogen atom as the heteroatom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/221—Six-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
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Abstract
The invention discloses it is a kind of have warn, hunt leak, the application process of the hydrocarbon refrigerant additive of datonation-inhibition function, which is characterized in that additive is oil-soluble compounds, is added in refrigerator oil and enters refrigeration system with refrigerator oil;Odor threshold is low, with after leakage of refrigerant have alarm function;Bright green-yellow light can be sent out under natural conditions, can accurately show leak location, improve leak detection efficiency;Have the function of inhibiting carbon-hydrogen refrigerant explosion simultaneously, improves the intrinsic safety of refrigerant.The present invention have the advantages that it is sensitive, accurate, quick, safe, system solve carbon-hydrogen refrigerant leakage after warn, leak source tracking and safety active demand.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of refrigerant additive application process, especially it is a kind of have warn, hunt leak, datonation-inhibition function
Carbon-hydrogen refrigerant one pack system additive application method.
Background technology
Carbon-hydrogen refrigerant refers to the single compound being made of low-carbon paraffin or multicomponent mixture, most common hydrocarbon
Refrigerant is or mixtures thereof propane, iso-butane, normal butane.Carbon-hydrogen refrigerant does not damage ozone layer, and no greenhouse effects have day
So environmentally friendly, energy-efficient, freeze high-quality, dart of saving money, oil mix the advantages that rate is high, widely applicable, are the systems of most application prospect
Cryogen.However, carbon-hydrogen refrigerant is for a long time by blame, it is difficult to which the main reason for promoting and applying is its colorless and odorless, lets out
It is not noticeable after dew, and burning point itself is relatively low, accumulation in air can be formed with air with quick-fried after reaching concentration limit
The mixed gas of fried property.
Currently, improve carbon-hydrogen refrigerant safety in utilization means mainly have it is following several:
(1)Addition warning odorant agent, makes people be easy to be aware of the leakage of refrigerant in system, plays warning or alarm object
Effect.Chinese patent CN200510029292, CN200480033507, CN200480038014, CN200680042084,
Hydrogen sulfide, ethyl mercaptan, alkyl thioether, third is respectively adopted in CN200810094429, CN200910214514, CN201010154844
Olefin(e) acid ester etc. improves warning effect as warning smell.But hydrogen sulfide stability is poor, corrodes pipeline;Ethyl mercaptan, alkyl sulfide
The toxicity such as ether, acrylate are big, easy decomposition failure.Chinese patent CN201210276788 uses thiophene derivant and pyridine conduct
Gas is warned, there is preferable warning effect and good stability and Miscibility, but the warning agent purposes added is single,
Only user is reminded note that not having any influence to the leak detection efficiency and intrinsic safety that improve refrigerant.
(2)Ignition inhibitor is added in system, reduces explosion probability.Chinese patent CN200710036014,
CN200710056679, CN91108302 use great amount of carbon dioxide refrigerant for inert filler, inhibit explosive reaction.
Since the density of two components of high-content, volatility difference are big, the service life of compressor is shortened;Chinese patent
CN200710068821、CN200710304784、CN200810115669、CN200810094555、CN200810097393、
CN200810231911、CN200910018489、CN200910102217、CN200910260825、CN201010205315、
CN201010141092, CN201010128616, CN02126637, CN201210064427 are made using fluorine-containing alkyl halide refrigerant
For Explosion suppressant, but dosage is big, of high cost.Chinese patent CN 201410508003 is using alkyl lead and iron pentacarbonyl as datonation-inhibition
Agent, effectiveness of explosion suppression is apparent, but system mixing uniformity is poor, and can not be quickly found out leak location when leakage.
(3)Tracer is added in system, improves leak detection efficiency.Chinese patent CN 200480033507 proposes one kind
" detectable refrigerant compositions and its application " is made with compounds such as hydrofluorocarbon, fluoro-ether, hydrocarbon alcohol, hydroxylamine, nitrogen oxides, ammonia
For tracer, these substances colorless and odorless itself or olfactory threshold are extremely low, need to be by chemo/electro-active array detector, ultrasonic wave
The special equipments such as detector are detected, and can not intuitively be discovered.Fluoroscopic leak test technology has been used for finding to search automotive air-conditioning system
Leakage, not yet find relevant information, world patent WO 20111320, WO 2005049761 and United States Patent (USP) in Chinese patent
US 6248890, US 6165384, US 4758366, US 6248890 are using the compound with fluorescent characteristic as fluorescence
Tracer is applied in refrigerant leak detection.However, being limited to fluorescent molecules design level, existing fluorescer is only in ultraviolet lamp
Fluorescence can be just sent out under irradiation, and opening ultraviolet lamp in the case where refrigerant leaks environment inherently has some potential safety problems.Therefore
The technology is suitable only for the fluorine-containing refrigerant system without combustion explosion characteristic such as R22, R134a.With the matched fluorescence of carbon-hydrogen refrigerant
Agent is there is not yet report.
It can be seen that whether addition warns agent, Explosion suppressant or tracer, it is to solve to ask from part in a certain respect
Topic.Though the problems such as multicomponent compounding is possible to reach preferable resultant effect, and group partition inter-capacitive is poor, additive amount is excessive limits
Its application.Importantly, existing additive is all directly to be mixed with refrigerant.Since most additives are liquid
Or solid-state (CO2、NH3Except), adopt and mixed with gaseous state carbon-hydrogen refrigerant-sale-mode filled inevitably due to
The totally different defect of each batch properties of product caused by density variation.
Therefore, the prior art is to be improved.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is in order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide it is a kind of have warn, hunt leak, datonation-inhibition function
The application process of carbon-hydrogen refrigerant one pack system additive.The additive has good oil-soluble, can be total with refrigerator oil
It is same to enter refrigeration system;Odor threshold is extremely low, with after leakage of refrigerant have alarm function;Intramolecular contains fluorescence chromophore
, bright green-yellow light can be sent out under natural light, can accurately show leak location, improves leak detection efficiency;Datonation-inhibition group can have
Effect inhibits the explosion trend of carbon-hydrogen refrigerant, improves the intrinsic safety of refrigerant.Suitable for air conditioner, refrigerator and refrigerator etc.
Various refrigeration equipments.
The principle of the present invention is:A small amount of oil soluble additive is dissolved in refrigerator oil, and enters refrigeration system jointly.
In refrigeration equipment operation process, it is mixed into homogeneously with carbon-hydrogen refrigerant, does not influence the normal operation of refrigeration system.System leaks
When, since additive has apparent peculiar smell, can serve as a warning;The additive peak absorption wavelength be 320 ~
475 nm, therefore the energy generated needed for fluorescence can be obtained from natural light;Launch wavelength is 450 ~ 650 nm, can send out the mankind the most
Sensitive yellow-green fluorescence, convenient for observation.Therefore if any leakage, it can visually be directly observed leak location;Meanwhile in hazardous environment
Under (such as electric spark, open fire), additive, which can decompose, generates a large amount of retardant free radical (CF2, NH2), by with hydrocarbon refrigeration
Activated group (the CH that agent generates3, OH, HCO etc.) and it collides, the activatable free radical needed for explosive reaction is removed, to reach
Datonation-inhibition effect.
In order to solve the above technical problems, it is provided in an embodiment of the present invention it is a kind of have warn, hunt leak, datonation-inhibition function it is hydrocarbon
Refrigerant one pack system additive, adopts the following technical scheme that:
It is a kind of have warn, hunt leak, the carbon-hydrogen refrigerant of datonation-inhibition function one pack system additive, it is characterised in that precursor structure is
1,8- naphthalimide is connected with alkyl halide hydro carbons group on nitrogen-atoms, sulfydryl or hydrocarbon is connected on No. 3 positions or No. 4 position naphthalene nucleus
Sulfenyl.
The further preferred embodiment of the present invention is:Alkyl halide is low carbon chain halogenated alkane (C atomicities are less than 4), chemistry point
Minor is-CF2I、-CHFCF3、-CF2CF3、-CH2CF2CF3、-CHFCF2CF3、-CF2CF2CF3、-CHFCF2CHF2Or-
CHFCF3CH2F, with-CF2I is preferred;The sulfenyl belongs to low carbon chain sulfenyl (C atomicities be less than 4), and chemical molecular formula is-
SCH3、-SCH2CH3Or-SCH2CH2CH3, with-SCH3It is preferred.
It is provided by the invention it is a kind of have warn, hunt leak, the carbon-hydrogen refrigerant of datonation-inhibition function one pack system additive, and it is existing
There is technology to compare, has the following advantages that.First, additive be dissolved in refrigerator oil enter refrigeration system, rather than with hydrocarbon system
It is refilled after cryogen premix, avoids component totally different defect of each batch properties of product caused by density variation;Second,
Single group diversity " warn, hunt leak, is datonation-inhibition " function with all over the body, avoid poor compatibility and addition between various single function additives
Measure the problems such as excessive;Third, smell are special, hence it is evident that smell (such as coal gas, sewer, the food of Common materials in difference ambient enviroment
The rotten taste of object), smell distinguishing is high, even if leakage still can obviously be discovered when being diluted 100 times in air, pre- anti-leak
Warning function it is notable;4th, it is not necessarily to special instrument, naked eyes can be observed the most sensitive yellow-green fluorescence of the mankind, be convenient for
Observation;5th, datonation-inhibition function is good, and using the datonation-inhibition principle of chemistry, direct intervention, tool are carried out to chemical reaction in quasi- detonation
Have the characteristics that dosage is few, effect is good;6th, storage stability is high.The additive of the present invention is under 100 DEG C of constant temperature, warp
360 days accelerated aging tests are crossed, significant change does not occur for system component, still has significant functional characteristic, disclosure satisfy that
The requirement being recycled for a long time;7th, corrosion resistance is good.The additive of the present invention and (copper, irony or aluminum material) pipeline
Good compatibility is all had, corrosivity does not occur, in favor of being used for a long time in refrigeration equipment.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with specific implementation mode, the present invention is described in further detail.
According to it is proposed by the present invention it is a kind of have warn, hunt leak, the carbon-hydrogen refrigerant of datonation-inhibition function one pack system additive,
In specific implementation, it is representative that carbon-hydrogen refrigerant, which chooses propane, according to the mass ratio of common refrigerant and refrigerator oil in the market
It determines the quality (based on 100%) of matched refrigerator oil, then determines the addition of additive in the present invention.Wherein:Additive is
Self-control, purity >=99%.The addition (based on gross mass of refrigerator oil) of additive is 5%~20%.Propane is that commercially available chemical industry is former
Material, active principle purity >=99.6%, water content≤0.002%;Refrigerator oil is commercial product, water content≤0.05%.
Choose certain can normal operation air-conditioning as objective for implementation.The external flux controllable regulating valve of air-conditioner pipe supplies
Refrigerant leakage is simulated to use.By in air-conditioning former refrigerant and refrigeration oil eliminate, according to the power of air-conditioning fill corresponding amount third
Alkane, according to propane and refrigerator oil mass ratio 2:1, the refrigerator oil of different additive content is injected into system from air-conditioning low pressure port
System.Be powered 20 min of operation after filling, and each component is made to be uniformly mixed.
The evaluation method of warning of additive of the present invention is:Between calm, the flames of anger the semi enclosed area, open outside air-conditioner pipe
The regulating valve connect, gas flow are fixed as 100 ml/min.By 5 stations in the independent experiment person from 5 m of regulating valve after 2 min
Intensity evaluation of warning is carried out in terms of smell to the refrigerant containing additive.The odour intensity of carbon-hydrogen refrigerant finished product is i.e. evaluable
The ability of warning of additive is set to 1 grade (very faint), 2 grades (faint), 3 grades (general), 4 grades (stronger), 5 grades (strong
It is strong).
The leak detection evaluation method of additive of the present invention is:Between the calm, flames of anger, the semi enclosed area without strong light, open
The external regulating valve of air-conditioner pipe, gas flow are fixed as 100 ml/min.By 5 stations only from 1 m of regulating valve after 2 min
Vertical experimenter, which observes, adjusts whether valve outlet has fluorescence generation.The intensity evaluation of fluorescence is that can determine that the leak detection ability of additive,
It is set to 1 grade (very faint), 2 grades (faint), 3 grades (general), 4 grades (stronger), 5 grades (strong).
The datonation-inhibition evaluation method of additive of the present invention is:Carbon-hydrogen refrigerant is released by regulating valve, and is pressed with air
1:5 (mass ratioes) be uniformly mixed, pour into the explosion-proof steel ball of the stainless steel vacuumized in advance to system pressure be 0.1 MPa.Wherein,
Explosion chamber size is the mm of mm × 300 of Φ × h=300, and volume is about 20 L;Electric discharge firing pin is needle-needle construction, and material is
Brass, radius of curvature are 0.5 ~ 1 mm, and discharging gap is 2 mm, and discharge loop resistance value is 0 Ω, and ignition voltage is 8 kV.It is quick-fried
It is equipped with pressure sensor on fried tank skin, sensor is connected with recorder.Pressure after 30 min of measurement spark ignition in steel ball.
The pressure value (absolute pressure) measured can determine the explosive event of gas in steel ball, to weigh the effectiveness of explosion suppression of additive.
Embodiment 1:The additive of the present invention is 6- methyl mercapto -2- difluoro iodomethyl -1H- benzisoquinolines -1,3 (2H) -
Diketone, molecular structural formula are.Its additive amount (based on gross mass of refrigerator oil) in refrigerator oil is 5%.
The intensity evaluation of warning measured after the finished product refrigerant leakage that through the invention prepared by additive is 2 grades (faint), ability of hunting leak
3 grades (general) are evaluated as, pressure value is 0.9MPa (refriger-ant section explosion) after igniting.
Embodiment 2:The additive of the present invention is -1,3 (2H of 5- sulfydryl -2- pentafluoroethyl group -1H- benzisoquinolines)Diketone,
Molecular structural formula is.Its additive amount (based on gross mass of refrigerator oil) in refrigerator oil is 20%.
The intensity evaluation of warning measured after the finished product refrigerant leakage that through the invention prepared by additive is 5 grades (strong), ability of hunting leak
It is evaluated as 5 grades (strong), pressure value is 0.1MPa after igniting (refrigerant does not explode).
Embodiment 3:The additive of the present invention is 6- rosickyite bases -2- (2,2,3,3,3- pentafluoropropanes) -1H- benzo isoquinolines
Quinoline -1,3 (2H)-diketone, molecular structural formula are.Its additive amount in refrigerator oil is (by the total of refrigerator oil
Quality meter) it is 10%.The intensity evaluation of warning measured after the finished product refrigerant leakage that through the invention prepared by additive is 3 grade (one
As), leak detection merit rating is 4 grades (stronger), and pressure value is 0.3MPa after igniting (refrigerant small part is exploded).
Embodiment 4:The additive of the present invention is 5- ethylmercapto groups-2- (1,2,2,3- trifluoro propyls) benzisoquinoline-1-1H,
3 (2H)-diketone, molecular structural formula are.Its additive amount in refrigerator oil is (by the total of refrigerator oil
Quality meter) it is 15%.Measure the intensity evaluation of warning after finished product refrigerant leakage prepared by additive through the invention be 4 grades (compared with
Strongly), leak detection merit rating is 5 grades (strong), and pressure value is 0.1MPa after igniting (refrigerant does not explode).
The present invention relatively refers to following table with existing exemplary refrigerant carbon-hydrogen refrigerant performance.
The present invention and existing carbon-hydrogen refrigerant system performance comparison sheet
Representative patents | Refrigerating efficiency | Economy | The feature of environmental protection | It warns effect | Leak detection effect | Safety |
Non-fluorine series refrigerant (CN 200710036014) based on carbon dioxide | In | In | It is excellent | Nothing | Nothing | It is excellent |
Hydrocarbon refrigerant (CN201210064427) | In | Difference | It is excellent | Nothing | Nothing | It is excellent |
A kind of carbon-hydrogen refrigerant (CN201210276788) with warning smell | It is excellent | It is excellent | It is good | It is excellent | Nothing | It is good |
A kind of carbon-hydrogen refrigerant with intrinsic safety(CN201410508003.6) | It is excellent | It is excellent | It is good | It is good | Nothing | It is excellent |
Patent of the present invention | It is excellent | It is excellent | It is good | It is excellent | It is excellent | It is excellent |
Note:The effect that patent of the present invention is showed is that additive is dissolved in refrigerator oil, and mixed with carbon-hydrogen refrigerant
Performance characteristics.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
Those familiar with the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can easily think of the change or the replacement, and should all contain
Lid is within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. it is a kind of have warn, hunt leak, datonation-inhibition function it is hydrocarbon refrigeration additive application process, it is characterised in that:Use preceding elder generation
Additive is dissolved into refrigerator oil, is jointly added in refrigeration equipment with refrigerator oil;The additive amount of additive accounts for freezing
The 5%~20% of machine oil gross mass, wherein the precursor structure of additive is 1,8- naphthalimides, is connected on nitrogen-atoms halogenated
Alkanes group(R1), sulfydryl or sulfenyl are connected on naphthalene nucleus(R2), the precursor structure expression formula is as follows:
。
2. alkyl halide hydro carbons group according to claim 1(R1), which is characterized in that the alkyl halide R1Belong to low carbon chain
Halogenated alkane, C atomicities are less than 4.
3. alkyl halide hydro carbons group according to claim 1 or 2(R1), which is characterized in that its chemical molecular formula be-
CF2I、-CHFCF3、-CF2CF3、-CH2CF2CF3、-CHFCF2CF3、-CF2CF2CF3、-CH(CF3)2、-CHFCF2CHF2Or-
CHFCF3CH2F。
4. sulfydryl according to claim 1 or sulfenyl(R2), which is characterized in that the sulfydryl or sulfenyl(R2)It is located at
No. 5 positions or No. 6 positions of naphthalene nucleus.
5. sulfenyl according to claim 1 or 4(R2), which is characterized in that the sulfenyl(R2)Belong to low-carbon chain hydrocarbon sulphur
Base, C atomicities are less than 4.
6. sulfenyl according to claim 1 or 4(R2), which is characterized in that its chemical molecular formula is-SCH3、-SCH2CH3
Or-SCH2CH2CH3。
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CN110848876A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2020-02-28 | 奥克斯空调股份有限公司 | Refrigerant leakage detection method and system and air conditioner |
CN110864399A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2020-03-06 | 奥克斯空调股份有限公司 | Air conditioner refrigerant leakage detection method and air conditioner |
CN110940045A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2020-03-31 | 奥克斯空调股份有限公司 | Air conditioner refrigerant leakage detection method and air conditioner |
CN110940043A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2020-03-31 | 奥克斯空调股份有限公司 | Air conditioner refrigerant leakage detection method and air conditioner |
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CN105969313B (en) | 2018-02-06 |
CN108285776B (en) | 2021-02-12 |
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