CN108280259B - Method for determining mounting position and size of wind power blade vortex generator - Google Patents
Method for determining mounting position and size of wind power blade vortex generator Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining the installation position and the size of a wind power blade vortex generator, which comprises the following steps: 1) establishing a three-dimensional model of an initial smooth blade calculation watershed; 2) calculating the three-dimensional model mesh division of the watershed by using an initial smooth blade; 3) considering the numerical simulation calculation of transition; 4) determining the installation position of the vortex generator; 5) determining the size of the vortex generator; 6) evaluation of the effect of the vortex generator; 7) and (5) optimizing the process. The invention can greatly improve the control effect of the vortex generator on the flow separation of the boundary layer, overcomes the defects that wind field particle sediments cannot meet the requirements of wind generator manufacturers on the project period and the matching production of the blades because the test period is long and the size of the vortex generator cannot be well determined, and provides a theoretical basis for more reasonably determining the installation position and the size of the wind power blade vortex generator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of renewable new energy wind power blades, in particular to a method for determining the installation position and the size of a vortex generator of a wind power blade.
Background
The wind power blade is increasingly large, and with the large-scale blade, the laminar flow separation phenomenon on the surface of the blade of a wind generating set is more and more easy to occur in the actual operation, so that the control of the laminar flow separation on the surface of the large wind power blade to realize the lift-increasing and drag reduction of the blade is very important.
The wind driven generator manufacturer improves the flow condition of the surface of the blade by additionally arranging the vortex generator on the surface of the blade, namely, the vortex generator is used for inhibiting the separation of laminar boundary layers on the surface of the blade so as to achieve the effect of the vortex generator on increasing and reducing the drag of the blade, thereby improving the efficiency of the wind driven generator blade and finally improving the generating efficiency of the wind driven generator so as to maximize the annual generating capacity of the wind driven generator. However, the installation position and the size of the vortex generator on the wind power blade have a great influence on the flow condition of the surface of the wind power blade, and people cannot freely determine the installation position and the size of the vortex generator. At present, domestic and foreign wind power generator manufacturers mainly determine the installation position and the size of the vortex generator according to experience simplification and wind field particle deposit tests. A simplification is made empirically by mounting the vortex generators on a straight line at a distance from the leading edge of the blade, but this simplification does not allow the vortex generators to be controlled optimally. According to a wind field particle sediment test, namely, particles are attached to a blade suction surface after long-time deposition due to boundary layer flow separation of the blade suction surface, so that boundary layer flow separation lines on the blade suction surface can be detected, and the installation positions of vortex generators are determined according to the boundary layer flow separation lines.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, provides a method for determining the mounting position and the size of a wind power blade vortex generator considering transition, can greatly improve the control effect of the vortex generator on boundary layer flow separation, overcomes the defects that the requirements of wind turbine manufacturers on project period and the requirements on the matched production of blades cannot be met due to the long test period of wind field particle sediment and the failure to determine the size of the vortex generator well, and the like, and provides a theoretical basis for more reasonably determining the mounting position and the size of the wind power blade vortex generator.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a method for determining the installation position and the size of a wind power blade vortex generator comprises the following steps:
1) establishment of initial smooth blade calculation watershed three-dimensional model
Establishing an initial smooth three-dimensional model of the wind power blade by adopting CATIA software according to the aerodynamic overall dimension parameters of the blade of the large wind generating set, and determining the three-dimensional model of the external calculation watershed of the initial smooth wind power blade according to the actual operation condition of the large wind generating set;
2) initial smooth leaf computing watershed three-dimensional model meshing
Carrying out hexahedral structure mesh division on the initial smooth blade calculation watershed three-dimensional model by using CFD pretreatment software ICEM, wherein the whole three-dimensional calculation watershed mesh of the wind power blade is composed of hexahedral structure elements, and partially encrypting the surrounding mesh of the initial smooth blade to ensure the precision of numerical simulation;
3) transition considered numerical simulation calculation
Performing numerical simulation calculation on the actual operation condition of the large-scale wind generating set blade by using the three-dimensional grid model obtained in the step 2) and a four-way Transition SST Transition model in CFD software FLUENT; when the four-equation Transition SST model is solved, Transition prediction is carried out completely based on local variables, and when the Transition model is solved, two variable transport equations, namely an intermittent factor gamma transport equation and a Transition momentum thickness Reynolds number are used while a control equation of an SST k-omega turbulence model is coupled
Transport equation, equation form expressed as:
transition Source item PγAnd EγIs defined as:
Eγ＝ca2FturbρΩγ(ce2γ-1) (4)
parameter FturbAnd FonsetAre respectively:
parameter Fonsetl、Fonset2And Fonset3Are respectively:
source item PθtIs defined as:
where ρ is density and ujIs speed, t is time, xjIs a coordinate value, j is a free mark in a tensor, theta is a momentum thickness, mu is a laminar flow viscosity coefficient, mutThe coefficient of turbulence viscosity, k turbulence energy, omega dissipation ratio of turbulence energy, S strain law, U flow velocity, omega vortex quantity, y minimum distance from the wall surface, FlengthLength of transition region, ReθtCritical Reynolds number Re for transitionvReynolds number of vorticity、ReθcCritical momentum thickness Reynolds number, R, for the onset of increase in the pause factorTIs a viscosity ratio, FθtIs a switching function; wherein, each constant value is as follows: sigmaγ＝1.0，ca1＝2.0，cα＝0.5，ce1＝1.0，ca2＝0.06，ce2＝50，σθt＝2.0，cθt＝0.03；
For the separated flow, the flow separation is considered to rapidly increase gamma at the separation bubble, and the increase of gamma tends to be smooth along with the increase of the viscosity ratio of the turbulent flow, so that the intermittence factor gamma designed for the separation flow transitionsepExpressed as:
γeff＝2Fθt·min(1.0，FreattachRevmax) (8)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the batch factors for the final consideration of the separation are given as:
γeff＝max(γ，γsep) (10)
then, the corrected turbulence kinetic energy equation of the SST turbulence model is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
in the formula, Pk、DkRespectively a generating term and a dissipation term of the original SST turbulence equation;
the parameter settings of the incoming flow wind speed, the incoming flow wind speed direction and the turbulence degree of the whole three-dimensional calculation basin are consistent with the actual operation condition of the blades of the large-scale wind generating set; the FLUENT software adopts a pressure algorithm and second-order windward difference format based dispersion, and Simple pressure-velocity coupling double-precision solving;
4) determination of vortex generator mounting location
The transition has an important influence on the friction of the surface of the blade, and the friction coefficient of the surface of the blade at the transition position of the laminar flow to the turbulent flow is suddenly increased, so that the transition position can be judged; according to the calculation result of the numerical simulation in the step 3), taking the blade root as the initial section and taking the blade radius of preset multiple as the final section, and the friction resistance coefficient distribution of a section is obtained from the blade root along the blade tip direction at intervals of a preset distance, the transition points of the boundary layers of the suction surfaces of the blades at different section positions are obtained through the distribution of the friction resistance coefficients of the suction surfaces of the blades from the blade root to the different section positions at the preset multiple of the blade radius, the installation positions of the vortex generators are determined through the transition positions of the boundary layers at the different section positions of the suction surfaces of the blades, the installation positions of the vortex generators are close to the connecting line of the transition points of the boundary layers at the different section positions of the suction surfaces of the blades, therefore, the vortex generator can greatly exert the flow control effect of improving the flow separation area of the boundary layer under the condition of not damaging the flow of the suction surface laminar flow area of the blade;
5) vortex generator sizing
According to the numerical simulation calculation result of the step 3), taking the blade root as an initial section, taking the blade radius of preset multiple as a final section, obtaining the height distribution of the surface boundary layer of one section from the blade root along the blade tip direction at intervals of a preset distance, and obtaining the speed streamline distribution conditions of different section positions according to the post-processing software TECPLET of CFD; determining the heights of vortex generators at different cross-section positions according to the height distribution of surface boundary layers of different cross-section positions from a blade root to a preset multiple of the blade radius of the suction surface of the blade and the distribution condition of a speed streamline, and requiring that the heights of the vortex generators between the different cross-section positions are in a linear relation with the heights of the surface boundary layers of the cross sections at two ends as far as possible; the length of each vortex generator is 3.3-3.6 times of the height of each vortex generator, the thickness of each vortex generator is 0.04-0.1 times of the height of each vortex generator, the angle of each vortex generator, namely the inclination angle of each vortex generator relative to the direction vertical to the spanwise direction of the blade, is 15-16.4 degrees, the distance between the tips of each pair of vortex generators is 1.8-2.3 times of the height of each vortex generator, and the installation distance between each pair of vortex generators is 5-7 times of the height of each vortex generator; preliminarily selecting the size of the vortex generator by using the size range of the vortex generator determined by numerical simulation, performing three-dimensional modeling on the vortex generation of the wind power blade by using the installation position of the vortex generator determined in the step 4), performing hexahedral-structure grid division on a three-dimensional model calculation basin of the blade added with the vortex generator by using CFD (computational fluid automation) preprocessing software ICEM, setting by using CFD (computational fluid dynamics) software FLUENT according to the numerical simulation boundary condition of the smooth three-dimensional model of the wind power blade in the step 3), keeping the boundary condition setting and solver setting in the FLUENT software consistent with the setting of the smooth three-dimensional model of the wind power blade in the step 3), and performing numerical simulation calculation on the model by using a four-way Transition SST Transition model in the FLUENT software;
6) evaluation of the effect of vortex generators
Comparing the blade result obtained by numerical simulation in the step 5) with the numerical simulation result of the smooth three-dimensional model of the wind power blade, and comprehensively evaluating the effect of the vortex generator by comparing the lift resistance coefficients of different section positions intercepted by the unit length in the blade span direction and the output power of the unit length in the blade span direction;
7) optimization process
If the lift increasing and power increasing effects of the vortex generators in the step 6) meet the design target, a corresponding vortex generator matching production scheme can be made for the wind power blade, if the lift increasing and power increasing effects of the vortex generators cannot meet the design target, the size of the vortex generators can be modified properly according to the size range of the vortex generators determined in the step 5), the step 6) is repeated until the lift increasing and power increasing effects of the vortex generators with the modified size meet the design target, the purpose of meeting the requirement of the vortex generator matching production scheme of the wind power blade is finally achieved, and the optimization process is terminated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention can greatly improve the control effect of the vortex generator on the flow separation of the boundary layer, overcomes the defects that the requirement of a wind turbine generator manufacturer on the project period and the requirement on the matching production of the blades cannot be met due to the long test period of the wind field particle sediment and the incapability of well determining the size of the vortex generator, and provides a theoretical basis for more reasonably determining the installation position and the size of the wind turbine generator of the wind turbine blade.
2. According to the invention, the four-way Transition SST Transition model considering Transition is adopted to carry out numerical simulation on the blade flow field, the numerical simulation calculation precision is higher, the Transition separation position distribution of different section positions of the blade can be captured more accurately, and the height distribution and the velocity streamline distribution of the boundary layer of the surface of the different section positions of the suction surface of the blade can be predicted more accurately, so that the installation position and the size of the vortex generator can be determined quickly.
3. According to the invention, the sizes of the vortex generators can be correspondingly optimized and modified according to different lift and power increasing requirements of wind driven generator manufacturers on the vortex generators so as to realize optimal lift and power increasing effects of the vortex generators, and the requirements of the wind driven generator manufacturers on the matching production scheme of the wind power blade vortex generators can be better met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a vortex generator installed on a suction surface of a wind turbine blade.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of vortex generator dimensional parameters.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
The method for determining the installation position and the size of the wind power blade vortex generator provided by the embodiment has the following specific conditions:
1) establishment of initial smooth blade calculation watershed three-dimensional model
According to aerodynamic overall dimension parameters of a certain large wind generating set blade actually operated in a certain wind field, establishing an initial smooth three-dimensional model of the wind generating blade by adopting CATIA software, and determining the three-dimensional model of the external computational basin of the initial smooth wind generating set blade according to the actual operation condition of the large wind generating set.
2) Initial smooth leaf computing watershed three-dimensional model meshing
And carrying out hexahedral structural grid division on the initial smooth blade calculation watershed three-dimensional model by using CFD professional pretreatment software ICEM, wherein the whole three-dimensional calculation watershed grid of the wind power blade is composed of hexahedral structural elements, and partially encrypting the grids around the initial smooth blade so as to ensure the precision of numerical simulation.
3) Transition considered numerical simulation calculation
Performing numerical simulation calculation on the actual operation condition of the large-scale wind generating set blade by using the three-dimensional grid model obtained in the step 2) and a four-way Transition SST Transition model in CFD software FLUENT; when the four-way Transition SST Transition model is solved, Transition prediction is carried out completely based on local variables, and when the Transition model is solved, two variable transport equations, namely an intermittent factor gamma transport equation and a Transition momentum thickness Reynolds number are used while a control equation of an SST k-omega turbulence model is coupled
The transport equation, in equation form, can be expressed as:
transition Source item PγAnd EγIs defined as:
Eγ＝ca2FturbρΩγ(ce2γ-1) (4)
parameter FturbAnd FonsetAre respectively:
parameter Fonset1、Fonset2And Fonset3Are respectively:
source item PθtIs defined as:
where ρ is density and ujIs speed, t is time, xjIs a coordinate value, j is a free mark in a tensor, theta is a momentum thickness, mu is a laminar flow viscosity coefficient, mutThe coefficient of turbulence viscosity, k turbulence energy, omega dissipation ratio of turbulence energy, S strain law, U flow velocity, omega vortex quantity, y minimum distance from the wall surface, FlengthLength of transition region, ReθtCritical Reynolds number Re for transitionvReynolds number, Re, of vorticityθcCritical momentum thickness Reynolds number, R, for the onset of increase in the pause factorTIs a viscosity ratio, FθtIs a switching function; wherein, each constant value is as follows: sigmaγ＝1.0，ca1＝2.0，cα＝0.5，ce1＝1.0，ca2＝0.06，ce2＝50，σθt＝2.0，cθt＝0.03。
For the separated flow, the flow separation is considered to rapidly increase gamma at the separation bubble, and the increase of gamma tends to be smooth along with the increase of the viscosity ratio of the turbulent flow, so that the pause factor gamma specially designed for the separation flow transitionsepExpressed as:
γeff＝2Fθt·min(1.0，FreattachRevmax) (8)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the batch factors for the final consideration of the separation are given as:
γeff＝max(γ，γsep) (10)
then, the corrected turbulence kinetic energy equation of the SST turbulence model is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
in the formula, Pk、DkThe generation term and the dissipation term of the original SST turbulence equation are respectively.
The parameter settings of the inflow wind speed, the inflow wind speed direction, the turbulence degree and the like of the whole three-dimensional calculation basin are consistent with the actual operation condition of the blades of the large-scale wind generating set; the FLUENT software adopts a pressure algorithm and second-order windward difference format based dispersion, and Simple pressure-velocity coupling double-precision solving.
3) Numerical simulation calculation
Performing numerical simulation calculation on the actual operation condition of the wind power generator by using the three-dimensional grid model obtained in the step 2) and a four-way Transition SST Transition model in CFD software FLUENT, wherein the settings of parameters such as the incoming flow wind speed, the incoming flow wind speed direction and the turbulence degree of the whole watershed are consistent with the actual operation condition of the wind power generator; the FLUENT software adopts a pressure algorithm and second-order windward difference format based dispersion, and Simple pressure-velocity coupling double-precision solving.
4) Determination of vortex generator mounting location
The transition has an important influence on the friction of the blade surface, and the friction coefficient of the blade surface at the transition position of the laminar flow to the turbulent flow is suddenly increased, so that the transition position can be judged. As shown in fig. 1, according to the calculation result of the numerical simulation in step 3), the blade root is taken as the initial section, the blade radius is taken as 0.3-0.8 times (preferably 0.5 times) the final section, and the total length is LnAnd acquiring the friction resistance coefficient distribution of a section from the blade root along the blade tip direction at intervals of 0.1-1 m (preferably 0.35m), acquiring transition points of boundary layers of different section positions of the blade suction surface through the friction resistance coefficient distribution of different section positions of the blade suction surface from the blade root to 0.3-0.8 times (preferably 0.5 times) of the blade radius, wherein the distance between two adjacent sections is l0And then determining the installation position of the vortex generator according to the transition positions of the boundary layers at different section positions of the suction surface of the blade, wherein the installation position of the vortex generator is close to the connecting line of transition points of the boundary layers at different section positions of the suction surface of the blade, so that the vortex generator is enabled to exert the flow control effect of improving the flow separation area of the boundary layer greatly under the condition that the flow of the layer flow area of the suction surface of the blade is not damaged.
5) Determination of vortex generator dimensional parameters
According to the numerical simulation calculation result of the step 3), taking the blade root as an initial section, taking the blade radius position of 0.3-0.8 time (preferably 0.5 time) as a final section, and taking the total length LnAnd obtaining the height distribution of the surface boundary layer of one section from the blade root along the blade tip direction at intervals of 0.1-1 m (preferably 0.35m), wherein the distance between two adjacent sections is l0Meanwhile, the velocity streamline distribution conditions of the different section positions are obtained according to post-processing software TECPLET of the CFD; determining the heights h of vortex generators at different cross-section positions according to the height distribution and the velocity streamline distribution conditions of surface boundary layers at different cross-section positions at the blade radius positions of the suction surface of the blade from the blade root to 0.3-0.8 times (preferably 0.5 times), and requiring that the heights of the vortex generators between different cross-section positions are in a linear relation with the heights of the surface boundary layers at the cross sections at two ends as far as possible; large number of numerical simulation calculation research result tablesObviously, as shown in fig. 2, the length L of the vortex generator is 3.3 to 3.6 times of the height of the vortex generator, the thickness δ of the vortex generator is 0.04 to 0.1 times of the height of the vortex generator, the angle β (the inclination angle of the vortex generator relative to the spanwise direction of the vertical blade) of the vortex generator is 15 to 16.4 °, the distance a between the tips of each pair of vortex generators is 1.8 to 2.3 times of the height of the vortex generator, and the installation distance B between the pairs of vortex generators is 5 to 7 times (preferably 6 times) of the height of the vortex generator; the method comprises the steps of utilizing a large number of vortex generator size ranges determined by numerical simulation calculation research, primarily selecting the size of a vortex generator, utilizing the installation position of the vortex generator determined in the step 4), adopting CATIA software to carry out three-dimensional modeling on the vortex generation of the wind power blade, utilizing CFD pretreatment software ICEM to carry out hexahedral structure grid division on the three-dimensional modeling of the blade additionally provided with the vortex generator, then setting according to the numerical simulation boundary conditions of the wind power blade smooth three-dimensional model in the step 3) through CFD software FLUENT, keeping the boundary condition setting, solver setting and the like in the FLUENT software consistent with the setting of the wind power blade smooth three-dimensional model in the step 3), and adopting a four-way Transition model in the FLUENT software to carry out numerical simulation calculation on the model.
6) Evaluation of the effect of vortex generators
Comparing the blade result obtained by numerical simulation in the step 5) with the wind power blade smooth three-dimensional model numerical simulation result, and comprehensively evaluating the effect of the vortex generator by comparing the lift resistance coefficients of different section positions intercepted by the unit length in the blade span direction and the output power of the unit length in the blade span direction.
7) Optimization process
If the lift increasing and power increasing effects of the vortex generators meet the design target in the step 6) during comprehensive evaluation, a corresponding vortex generator matching production scheme can be made for the wind power blade, if the lift increasing and power increasing effects of the vortex generators cannot meet the design target, the size of the vortex generators can be modified properly according to the size range of the vortex generators determined in the step 5), the step 6 is repeated until the lift increasing and power increasing effects of the vortex generators with the modified size meet the design target, the purpose of meeting the requirements of wind power generator manufacturers on the matching production scheme of the wind power blade vortex generators is finally achieved, and the optimization process is terminated.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, so that any changes made in the shape and principle of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for determining the installation position and the size of a wind power blade vortex generator is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) establishment of initial smooth blade calculation watershed three-dimensional model
Establishing an initial smooth three-dimensional model of the wind power blade by adopting CATIA software according to the aerodynamic overall dimension parameters of the blade of the large wind generating set, and determining the three-dimensional model of the external calculation watershed of the initial smooth wind power blade according to the actual operation condition of the large wind generating set;
2) initial smooth leaf computing watershed three-dimensional model meshing
Carrying out hexahedral structure mesh division on the initial smooth blade calculation watershed three-dimensional model by using CFD pretreatment software ICEM, wherein the whole three-dimensional calculation watershed mesh of the wind power blade is composed of hexahedral structure elements, and partially encrypting the surrounding mesh of the initial smooth blade to ensure the precision of numerical simulation;
3) transition considered numerical simulation calculation
Performing numerical simulation calculation on the actual operation condition of the large-scale wind generating set blade by using the three-dimensional grid model obtained in the step 2) and a four-way Transition SST Transition model in CFD software FLUENT; when the four-equation Transition SST model is solved, Transition prediction is carried out completely based on local variables, and when the Transition model is solved, two variable transport equations, namely an intermittent factor gamma transport equation and a Transition momentum thickness Reynolds number are used while a control equation of an SST k-omega turbulence model is coupled
Transport equation, equation form expressed as:
transition Source item PγAnd EγIs defined as:
Eγ＝ca2FturbρΩγ(ce2γ-1) (4)
parameter FturbAnd FonsetAre respectively:
parameter Fonset1、Fonset2And Fonset3Are respectively:
source item PθtIs defined as:
where ρ is density and ujIs speed, t is time, xjIs a coordinate value, j is a free mark in a tensor, theta is a momentum thickness, mu is a laminar flow viscosity coefficient, mutThe coefficient of turbulence viscosity, k turbulence energy, omega dissipation ratio of turbulence energy, S strain law, U flow velocity, omega vortex quantity, y minimum distance from the wall surface, FlengthLength of transition region, ReθtCritical Reynolds number Re for transitionvReynolds number, Re, of vorticityθcCritical momentum thickness Reynolds number, R, for the onset of increase in the pause factorTIs a viscosity ratio, FθtIs a switching function; wherein, each constant value is as follows: sigmaγ＝1.0，ca1＝2.0，cα＝0.5，ce1＝1.0，ca2＝0.06，ce2＝50，σθt＝2.0，cθt＝0.03；
For the separated flow, the flow separation is considered to rapidly increase gamma at the separation bubble, and the increase of gamma tends to be smooth along with the increase of the viscosity ratio of the turbulent flow, so that the intermittence factor gamma designed for the separation flow transitionsepExpressed as:
γeff＝2Fθt·min(1.0,FreattachRevmax) (8)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the batch factors for the final consideration of the separation are given as:
γeff＝max(γ,γsep) (10)
then, the corrected turbulence kinetic energy equation of the SST turbulence model is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
in the formula, Pk、DkRespectively a generating term and a dissipation term of the original SST turbulence equation;
the parameter settings of the incoming flow wind speed, the incoming flow wind speed direction and the turbulence degree of the whole three-dimensional calculation basin are consistent with the actual operation condition of the blades of the large-scale wind generating set; the FLUENT software adopts a pressure algorithm and second-order windward difference format based dispersion, and Simple pressure-velocity coupling double-precision solving;
4) determination of vortex generator mounting location
The transition has an important influence on the friction of the surface of the blade, and the friction coefficient of the surface of the blade at the transition position of the laminar flow to the turbulent flow is suddenly increased, so that the transition position can be judged; according to the calculation result of the numerical simulation in the step 3), taking the blade root as the initial section and taking the blade radius of preset multiple as the final section, and the friction resistance coefficient distribution of a section is obtained from the blade root along the blade tip direction at intervals of a preset distance, the transition points of the boundary layers of the suction surfaces of the blades at different section positions are obtained through the distribution of the friction resistance coefficients of the suction surfaces of the blades from the blade root to the different section positions at the preset multiple of the blade radius, the installation positions of the vortex generators are determined through the transition positions of the boundary layers at the different section positions of the suction surfaces of the blades, the installation positions of the vortex generators are close to the connecting line of the transition points of the boundary layers at the different section positions of the suction surfaces of the blades, therefore, the vortex generator can greatly exert the flow control effect of improving the flow separation area of the boundary layer under the condition of not damaging the flow of the suction surface laminar flow area of the blade;
5) vortex generator sizing
According to the numerical simulation calculation result of the step 3), taking the blade root as an initial section, taking the blade radius of preset multiple as a final section, obtaining the height distribution of the surface boundary layer of one section from the blade root along the blade tip direction at intervals of a preset distance, and obtaining the speed streamline distribution conditions of different section positions according to the post-processing software TECPLET of CFD; determining the heights of vortex generators at different cross-section positions according to the height distribution of surface boundary layers of different cross-section positions from a blade root to a preset multiple of the blade radius of the suction surface of the blade and the distribution condition of a speed streamline, and requiring that the heights of the vortex generators between the different cross-section positions are in a linear relation with the heights of the surface boundary layers of the cross sections at two ends as far as possible; the length of each vortex generator is 3.3-3.6 times of the height of each vortex generator, the thickness of each vortex generator is 0.04-0.1 times of the height of each vortex generator, the angle of each vortex generator, namely the inclination angle of each vortex generator relative to the direction vertical to the spanwise direction of the blade, is 15-16.4 degrees, the distance between the tips of each pair of vortex generators is 1.8-2.3 times of the height of each vortex generator, and the installation distance between each pair of vortex generators is 5-7 times of the height of each vortex generator; preliminarily selecting the size of the vortex generator by using the size range of the vortex generator determined by numerical simulation, performing three-dimensional modeling on the vortex generation of the wind power blade by using the installation position of the vortex generator determined in the step 4), performing hexahedral-structure grid division on a three-dimensional model calculation basin of the blade added with the vortex generator by using CFD (computational fluid automation) preprocessing software ICEM, setting by using CFD (computational fluid dynamics) software FLUENT according to the numerical simulation boundary condition of the smooth three-dimensional model of the wind power blade in the step 3), keeping the boundary condition setting and solver setting in the FLUENT software consistent with the setting of the smooth three-dimensional model of the wind power blade in the step 3), and performing numerical simulation calculation on the model by using a four-way Transition SST Transition model in the FLUENT software;
6) evaluation of the effect of vortex generators
Comparing the blade result obtained by numerical simulation in the step 5) with the numerical simulation result of the smooth three-dimensional model of the wind power blade, and comprehensively evaluating the effect of the vortex generator by comparing the lift resistance coefficients of different section positions intercepted by the unit length in the blade span direction and the output power of the unit length in the blade span direction;
7) optimization process
If the lift increasing and power increasing effects of the vortex generators in the step 6) meet the design target, a corresponding vortex generator matching production scheme can be made for the wind power blade, if the lift increasing and power increasing effects of the vortex generators cannot meet the design target, the size of the vortex generators can be modified properly according to the size range of the vortex generators determined in the step 5), the step 6) is repeated until the lift increasing and power increasing effects of the vortex generators with the modified size meet the design target, the purpose of meeting the requirement of the vortex generator matching production scheme of the wind power blade is finally achieved, and the optimization process is terminated.
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