CN108278784A - A kind of heat pump heat distribution system becoming storage solar energy using heat-storage medium water phase - Google Patents
A kind of heat pump heat distribution system becoming storage solar energy using heat-storage medium water phase Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 abstract description 54
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(fluoro)methane Chemical compound F[C]Cl KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种采用储热介质水相变储存太阳能的热泵供热系统，包括相变储能系统、热泵供热系统以及相变储热器，所述相变储热器包括储热盘管和蒸发盘管，相变储能系统与所述储热盘管连接；热泵供热系统与所述蒸发盘管连接；所述相变储能系统用于吸收太阳能并将太阳能通过储热工质存储在相变储热器中；所述热泵供热系统用于通过储热工质释放储藏在相变储热器中的太阳能。本发明利用水的固液相变来储存白天充足的太阳能供夜晚供热使用，可以充分的利用清洁可持续的太阳能，有效地提高热泵系统的蒸发温度，采用低供水温度的高效散热末端，提高系统能效比，保证系统高效稳定的运行，达到节能减排实用的效果。
The invention provides a heat pump heating system using phase change of heat storage medium water to store solar energy, comprising a phase change energy storage system, a heat pump heating system and a phase change heat storage device, the phase change heat storage device comprising a heat storage plate The phase change energy storage system is connected to the heat storage coil; the heat pump heating system is connected to the evaporation coil; the phase change energy storage system is used to absorb solar energy and pass the solar energy through the heat storage The mass is stored in the phase change heat storage; the heat pump heating system is used to release the solar energy stored in the phase change heat storage through the heat storage working medium. The invention utilizes the solid-liquid phase transition of water to store sufficient solar energy in the daytime for heating at night, can make full use of clean and sustainable solar energy, effectively increase the evaporation temperature of the heat pump system, and adopt a high-efficiency heat dissipation terminal with a low water supply temperature to improve The energy efficiency ratio of the system ensures the efficient and stable operation of the system and achieves the practical effect of energy saving and emission reduction.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及热泵节能技术领域，具体地，涉及一种采用储热介质水相变储存太阳能的热泵供热系统。The invention relates to the technical field of heat pump energy saving, in particular to a heat pump heating system that uses phase change of water as a heat storage medium to store solar energy.
背景技术Background technique
伴随着社会经济的发展和物质需求的增长，能源消耗与环境污染问题越来越突出，未来能源短缺和环境污染将会是世界面临的重大问题。大力推广绿色节能技术，降低生产生活中的能源消耗与污染，是摆脱能源危机与减少环境污染的重要手段。为了减轻我国冬季燃煤供热带来的严重环境污染，我国目前在大力推行冬季供热的“煤改电”、“煤代电”工程，力求通过以空气源热泵为代表的清洁电供热设备取代污染环境的燃煤锅炉。空气源热泵作为一种清洁高效的供热设备，在冬季供热的“煤改电”工程中被广泛应用。目前北京，天津，山东等省份均在大力的推广空气源热泵代替燃煤锅炉在冬季进行取暖。With the development of social economy and the growth of material demand, the problems of energy consumption and environmental pollution are becoming more and more prominent. In the future, energy shortage and environmental pollution will be major problems facing the world. Vigorously promoting green and energy-saving technologies to reduce energy consumption and pollution in production and life is an important means to get rid of the energy crisis and reduce environmental pollution. In order to alleviate the serious environmental pollution caused by coal-fired heating in winter in my country, my country is currently vigorously promoting the "coal-to-electricity" and "coal-to-electricity" projects for winter heating, and strives to supply heat through clean electricity represented by air source heat pumps. The equipment replaces coal-fired boilers that pollute the environment. As a clean and efficient heating equipment, air source heat pumps are widely used in the "coal-to-electricity" project for heating in winter. At present, Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong and other provinces are vigorously promoting air source heat pumps to replace coal-fired boilers for heating in winter.
但是在冬季空气源热泵供热的过程中也发现了一些技术上的缺陷，产生了很多的问题亟待解决。目前冬季空气源热泵系统在0℃以上的环境温度下可以正常运行，系统能效比能够保持在较高的水平，但是随着环境温度的降低尤其是当环境温度在-15摄氏度以下时，空气源热泵的蒸发温度也进一步的降低，系统的温差升高，压比增大，压缩机的耗功增大，效率降低，系统整体的能效比也降低，不仅导致系统供热效果不佳，而且系统节能性也进一步降低。更甚于机组无法正常工作，而且过低的环境温度也使得空气源热泵系统的室外蒸发器表面结霜严重，不利于系统的蒸发吸热，严重的制约了系统的使用。因此在西藏等冬季夜晚环境温度在-30℃左右的地区空气源热泵系统的使用受到了极大的限制。However, some technical defects were also found in the heating process of the air source heat pump in winter, and many problems were urgently needed to be solved. At present, the air source heat pump system in winter can operate normally at an ambient temperature above 0°C, and the energy efficiency ratio of the system can be maintained at a high level. However, as the ambient temperature decreases, especially when the ambient temperature is below -15°C, the air source The evaporation temperature of the heat pump is also further reduced, the temperature difference of the system increases, the pressure ratio increases, the power consumption of the compressor increases, the efficiency decreases, and the overall energy efficiency ratio of the system also decreases, which not only leads to poor heating effect of the system, but also Energy saving performance is further reduced. What's more, the unit can't work normally, and the low ambient temperature also makes the surface of the outdoor evaporator of the air source heat pump system seriously frosted, which is not conducive to the evaporation and heat absorption of the system, and seriously restricts the use of the system. Therefore, the use of air source heat pump systems is greatly restricted in areas such as Tibet where the ambient temperature at night in winter is around -30°C.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术中的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种采用储热介质水相变储存太阳能的热泵供热系统。Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a heat pump heating system that uses phase change of heat storage medium water to store solar energy.
根据本发明提供的一种采用储热介质水相变储存太阳能的热泵供热系统，包括相变储能系统、热泵供热系统以及相变储热器，其中：According to the present invention, a heat pump heating system using phase change of heat storage medium water to store solar energy is provided, including a phase change energy storage system, a heat pump heating system and a phase change heat storage device, wherein:
所述相变储热器包括储热盘管和蒸发盘管，相变储能系统与所述储热盘管连接；热泵供热系统与所述蒸发盘管连接；The phase change heat storage device includes a heat storage coil and an evaporation coil, the phase change energy storage system is connected to the heat storage coil; the heat pump heating system is connected to the evaporation coil;
所述相变储能系统用于吸收太阳能并将太阳能通过储热工质存储在相变储热器中；The phase change energy storage system is used to absorb solar energy and store the solar energy in a phase change heat storage device through a heat storage medium;
所述热泵供热系统用于通过储热工质释放储藏在相变储热器中的太阳能。The heat pump heating system is used to release the solar energy stored in the phase change heat storage through the heat storage working medium.
优选地，所述相变储能系统包括太阳能集热器、进热管、循环泵以及回热管，其中：Preferably, the phase change energy storage system includes a solar collector, a heat inlet pipe, a circulation pump and a heat return pipe, wherein:
所述太阳能集热器、进热管、储热盘管以及回热管形成第一循环管路，第一循环管路内流通有传热工质，传热工质在相变储热器内和储热工质热交换；The solar heat collector, the heat inlet pipe, the heat storage coil and the heat return pipe form a first circulation pipeline, and a heat transfer working fluid circulates in the first circulation pipeline, and the heat transfer working fluid is in the phase change heat storage device and the storage tank. Thermal fluid heat exchange;
进热管和回热管上分别设置有太阳能出液阀和太阳能进液阀；The heat inlet pipe and the heat return pipe are respectively provided with a solar liquid outlet valve and a solar energy liquid inlet valve;
所述循环泵用于循环传热工质。The circulating pump is used for circulating heat transfer working fluid.
优选地，所述传热工质在太阳能集热器内受热形成高温传热工质；所述高温传热工质通过进热管进入储热盘管进行热交换并形成低温传热工质，所述低温传热工质通过回热管进入太阳能集热管。Preferably, the heat-transfer working fluid is heated in the solar collector to form a high-temperature heat-transfer working fluid; the high-temperature heat-transfer working fluid enters the heat storage coil through the heat inlet pipe for heat exchange and forms a low-temperature heat-transfer working fluid, so The low-temperature heat-transfer working medium enters the solar collector tube through the heat recovery tube.
优选地，还包括电加热管，所述电加热管一端连接在太阳能进液阀和储热盘管之间的进热管上；电加热管另一端连接在太阳能出液阀和储热盘管之间的进热管上，电加热管上设置有电加热器和控制电加热管通断的电加热阀。Preferably, it also includes an electric heating pipe, one end of which is connected to the heat inlet pipe between the solar liquid inlet valve and the heat storage coil; the other end of the electric heating pipe is connected between the solar liquid outlet valve and the heat storage coil An electric heater and an electric heating valve for controlling the on-off of the electric heating pipe are arranged on the heat-intake pipe between the electric heating pipes.
优选地，所述热泵供热系统包括闪蒸罐、散热器以及压缩机，所述压缩机、散热器、闪蒸罐以及蒸发盘管依次连接形成第二循环管路，第二循环管路里流通有供热工质。Preferably, the heat pump heating system includes a flash tank, a radiator, and a compressor, and the compressor, radiator, flash tank, and evaporation coil are sequentially connected to form a second circulation pipeline, and the second circulation pipeline There is heating medium in circulation.
优选地，所述闪蒸罐通过补气管连接至压缩机；所述闪蒸罐与散热器间设置有第一节流阀；所述闪蒸罐与蒸发盘管之间设置有第二节流阀。Preferably, the flash tank is connected to the compressor through an air supply pipe; a first throttling valve is provided between the flash tank and the radiator; a second throttling valve is provided between the flash tank and the evaporation coil valve.
优选地，供热工质在蒸发盘管内吸热蒸发形成低温低压供热蒸气并流入至压缩机并被压缩成高温高压供热蒸气，高温高压供热蒸气与闪蒸罐提供的补气蒸气混合形成混合高温蒸气进入散热器，混合高温蒸气在散热器中冷凝成高温冷凝液，高温冷凝液流入闪蒸罐闪蒸后形成的蒸气作为补气蒸气流入压缩机中，闪蒸后的冷凝液流入蒸发盘管中。Preferably, the heating medium absorbs heat and evaporates in the evaporation coil to form low-temperature and low-pressure heating steam, which flows into the compressor and is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure heating steam. The high-temperature and high-pressure heating steam is mixed with the make-up steam provided by the flash tank The mixed high-temperature steam is formed and enters the radiator. The mixed high-temperature steam is condensed into high-temperature condensate in the radiator, and the high-temperature condensate flows into the flash tank. in the evaporating coil.
优选地，蒸发盘管和压缩机之间通过低温蒸气管连接；压缩机和散热器之间通过高温蒸气管连接；所述散热管和闪蒸罐之间通过高温回液管连接；所述闪蒸罐和蒸发盘管之间通过回液管连接。Preferably, the evaporation coil and the compressor are connected through a low-temperature steam pipe; the compressor and the radiator are connected through a high-temperature steam pipe; the heat dissipation pipe and the flash tank are connected through a high-temperature liquid return pipe; The steamer and the evaporating coil are connected by a liquid return pipe.
优选地，所述储热工质包括储热介质水。Preferably, the heat storage medium includes heat storage medium water.
优选地，所述传热工质中加有用于防止传热工质凝固的防冻剂。Preferably, antifreeze for preventing the heat transfer medium from freezing is added to the heat transfer medium.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1、本发明通过使用太阳能集热器收集白天充足的太阳能，并将太阳能储存起来供夜晚低温环境下热泵系统供热使用，有效地利用了清洁可持续的太阳能，尤其是在西藏等冬季太阳能充足的地方，保护了环境，达到节能减排的效果。1. The present invention collects sufficient solar energy in the daytime by using a solar collector, and stores the solar energy for heating by the heat pump system in a low-temperature environment at night, effectively utilizing clean and sustainable solar energy, especially in Tibet and other winters where the solar energy is sufficient The place protects the environment and achieves the effect of energy saving and emission reduction.
2、本发明利用水在固液两相间转化的相变潜热来储存和释放热量，有效地提高了系统的蒸发温度，降低了系统的压比与功耗，保证了系统的高效稳定运行。2. The invention utilizes the latent heat of phase change of water between solid and liquid phases to store and release heat, which effectively increases the evaporation temperature of the system, reduces the pressure ratio and power consumption of the system, and ensures efficient and stable operation of the system.
3、本发明通过使用白天储存在相变储热器中的太阳能来进行夜晚的供热，有效地避免了空气源热泵系统在夜晚极端低温环境下直接从空气中吸热蒸发时蒸发器的结霜严重，供热量降低，供热效果差，系统能效下降的问题。3. The present invention uses the solar energy stored in the phase-change heat storage device during the day to supply heat at night, effectively avoiding the evaporator knot when the air source heat pump system directly absorbs heat and evaporates from the air at night in an extremely low-temperature environment. Frost is severe, the heat supply is reduced, the heating effect is poor, and the energy efficiency of the system is reduced.
4、本发明通过使用储热介质水作为储存太阳能的储热工质，储热介质水易获得，使用成本最低，经济性好，可以达到降低生产与使用成本的效果；储热介质水在固液两相间转变时相变潜热大，所需的储热工质质量小，相变储热器体积小，占地面积小，降低系统复杂程度与设备安装难度；储热介质水不具有毒性，可燃性，易爆性等危险属性，作为储热工质无论是在任何状态下发生泄漏时都不会造成任何安全问题，安全性好；储热介质水的化学性质十分稳定，不存在其他工质长期使用产生的分解问题。4. The present invention uses the heat storage medium water as the heat storage medium for storing solar energy, the heat storage medium water is easy to obtain, the use cost is the lowest, and the economy is good, and the effect of reducing production and use costs can be achieved; the heat storage medium water is stored in solid The latent heat of phase change is large when the liquid phase is transformed, and the mass of the heat storage medium required is small. The phase change heat storage device is small in size and occupies a small area, which reduces the complexity of the system and the difficulty of equipment installation; the heat storage medium water is non-toxic, Flammability, explosiveness and other hazardous properties, as a heat storage working medium, it will not cause any safety problems when it leaks in any state, and the safety is good; the chemical properties of the heat storage medium water are very stable, and there is no other process Decomposition problems caused by long-term use.
5、本发明通过使用小温差末端风机盘管作为室内散热器，降低了热泵系统冷凝温度与压力，有效地降低了系统的压比与功耗，提高了系统性能，保证了系统的高效稳定运行。5. The present invention reduces the condensing temperature and pressure of the heat pump system by using the small temperature difference terminal fan coil as the indoor radiator, effectively reduces the pressure ratio and power consumption of the system, improves the system performance, and ensures the efficient and stable operation of the system .
附图说明Description of drawings
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：Other characteristics, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:
图1为采用储热介质水相变储存太阳能的热泵供热系统的系统原理图。Fig. 1 is a system schematic diagram of a heat pump heating system using phase change of heat storage medium water to store solar energy.
图中：1-高温回液管；2-第一节流阀；3-闪蒸罐；4-回液管；5-第二节流阀；6-循环泵；7-电加热阀；8-太阳能进液阀；9-回热管；10-电加热器；11-电加热管；12-太阳能出液阀；13-进热管；14-太阳能集热器；15-储热盘管；16-相变储热器；17-蒸发盘管；18-低温蒸气管；19-压缩机；20-补气管；21-高温蒸气管；22-室内散热器。In the figure: 1-high temperature return pipe; 2-first throttle valve; 3-flash tank; 4-return pipe; 5-second throttle valve; 6-circulation pump; 7-electric heating valve; 8 -solar liquid inlet valve; 9-return heat pipe; 10-electric heater; 11-electric heating pipe; 12-solar liquid outlet valve; 13-heat inlet pipe; 14-solar collector; 15-heat storage coil; 16 - phase change heat storage; 17 - evaporation coil; 18 - low temperature steam pipe; 19 - compressor; 20 - air supply pipe; 21 - high temperature steam pipe; 22 - indoor radiator.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明，但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是，对本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变化和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several changes and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
本系统可以实现在白天太阳光照充足的时候充分的吸收太阳能并将冰融化成水，把太阳能以冰的熔解热(相变潜热)的形式储存起来，在晚上温度过低的时候将水中储存的太阳能释放出来供热泵系统使用给房间供热，有效地利用了清洁可持续的太阳能，节约了能源，提高了热泵系统的蒸发温度，避免了空气源热泵蒸发器结霜问题的出现，保证了系统的高效节能稳定运行，同时使用储热介质水作为储存太阳能的工质，降低了系统成本，消除了其他储能工质可能对环境的污染，并且因为水的固液相变潜热大，也缩小了系统的规模，达到节能减排环保实用的效果。This system can fully absorb solar energy and melt ice into water when the sun is shining during the day, store solar energy in the form of melting heat of ice (phase change latent heat), and store the energy stored in water when the temperature is too low at night The solar energy released is used by the heat pump system to heat the room, which effectively utilizes clean and sustainable solar energy, saves energy, increases the evaporation temperature of the heat pump system, avoids the occurrence of frosting on the evaporator of the air source heat pump, and ensures the system High efficiency, energy saving and stable operation. At the same time, the heat storage medium water is used as the working medium for storing solar energy, which reduces the system cost and eliminates the possible pollution of the environment by other energy storage working medium. The scale of the system is improved, and the practical effect of energy saving, emission reduction and environmental protection is achieved.
如图1所示，根据本发明提供的一种采用储热介质水相变储存太阳能的热泵供热系统，包括相变储能系统、热泵供热系统以及相变储热器16，相变储热器16包括储热盘管15和蒸发盘管17，储热盘管15和蒸发盘管17能够保证相变储热器16中储热工质能够顺利的储存与释放热量，相变储能系统与所述储热盘管15连接；热泵供热系统与所述蒸发盘管17连接。As shown in Figure 1, a heat pump heating system that uses phase change of heat storage medium water to store solar energy according to the present invention includes a phase change energy storage system, a heat pump heating system, and a phase change heat storage device 16. Heater 16 includes heat storage coil 15 and evaporation coil 17, heat storage coil 15 and evaporation coil 17 can ensure that heat storage medium in phase change heat storage 16 can store and release heat smoothly, phase change energy storage The system is connected with the heat storage coil 15 ; the heat pump heating system is connected with the evaporation coil 17 .
具体地，相变储能系统包括循环泵6、电加热阀7、太阳能进液阀8、回热管9、电加热器10、电加热管11、太阳能出液阀12、进热管13以及太阳能集热器14，其中：循环泵6进口通过回热管9连接在相变储热器16内的储热盘管15出口上，循环泵6出口和太阳能进液阀8进口通过回热管9相连接，太阳能进液阀8出口通过回热管9连接在太阳能集热器14入口上，太阳能出液阀12进口通过进热管13连接太阳能集热器14出口上，太阳能出液阀12出口通过进热管13连接在相变储热器16内的储热盘管15的进口上，电加热阀7入口通过电加热管11连接在循环泵6和太阳能进液阀8之间的回热管9上，电加热阀7出口通过电加热管11连接在电加热器10进口上，电加热器10出口通过电加热管11连接在太阳能出液阀12和相变储热器16之间的进热管13上。电加热器10能够保证相变储热器16储存热量充足且保证相变储热器16能够高效稳定运行。Specifically, the phase change energy storage system includes a circulating pump 6, an electric heating valve 7, a solar liquid inlet valve 8, a heat recovery pipe 9, an electric heater 10, an electric heating pipe 11, a solar liquid outlet valve 12, a heat inlet pipe 13, and a solar collector. Heater 14, wherein: the inlet of the circulation pump 6 is connected to the outlet of the heat storage coil 15 in the phase change heat storage device 16 through the heat recovery pipe 9, the outlet of the circulation pump 6 and the inlet of the solar liquid inlet valve 8 are connected through the heat recovery pipe 9, The outlet of the solar energy liquid inlet valve 8 is connected to the inlet of the solar heat collector 14 through the heat return pipe 9, the inlet of the solar energy liquid outlet valve 12 is connected to the outlet of the solar heat collector 14 through the heat inlet pipe 13, and the outlet of the solar energy liquid outlet valve 12 is connected through the heat inlet pipe 13 At the inlet of the heat storage coil 15 in the phase change heat storage 16, the inlet of the electric heating valve 7 is connected to the return pipe 9 between the circulation pump 6 and the solar inlet valve 8 through the electric heating pipe 11, and the electric heating valve 7 The outlet is connected to the inlet of the electric heater 10 through the electric heating pipe 11, and the outlet of the electric heater 10 is connected to the heat inlet pipe 13 between the solar liquid outlet valve 12 and the phase change heat storage 16 through the electric heating pipe 11. The electric heater 10 can ensure that the phase-change heat storage 16 stores sufficient heat and ensures that the phase-change heat storage 16 can operate efficiently and stably.
更为详细地，太阳能集热器14、进热管13、储热盘管15以及回热管9之间形成第一循环管路，第一循环管路内流通有传热工质。传热工质与相变储热器16中的储热工质进行热交换。In more detail, a first circulation pipeline is formed among the solar heat collector 14 , the heat inlet pipe 13 , the heat storage coil 15 and the heat return pipe 9 , and a heat transfer working medium circulates in the first circulation pipeline. The heat transfer working medium exchanges heat with the heat storage working medium in the phase change heat storage device 16 .
所述储热工质优选为水，首先，水可以有效地避免氟氯烃类人工合成工质对臭氧层的破坏和严重的温室效应，同时水在经济性，安全性上也优于氟氯烃类人工合成工质。其次，水在固液两相间相变时相变潜热大，所需要的储热工质量少，相变储热器16设备小，系统简单，安装方便。再次，水在常压下时凝固点是0℃，可以大幅度的提高极低环境温度下(零下30度)热泵供热系统的蒸发温度，使得热泵供热系统在-10℃左右即可蒸发供热，提高系统能效比，保证系统高效节能稳定运行。最后，采用水作为储热工质能够避免在极低环境条件下空气源热泵系统供热时蒸发器表面的结霜问题。为了能够保证相变储能系统中的传热工质在夜晚的极低温度下不凝固，在传热工质中添加防冻液，能够降低相变储能系统中传热工质的凝固点，保证相变储能系统的稳定安全。The heat storage working medium is preferably water. First, water can effectively avoid damage to the ozone layer and serious greenhouse effect caused by chlorofluorocarbon synthetic working fluids. At the same time, water is also superior to chlorofluorocarbons in terms of economy and safety. Artificial synthetic working fluid. Secondly, when water undergoes phase transition between solid and liquid phases, the latent heat of phase transition is large, and the required heat storage quality is small. The phase transition heat storage device 16 has small equipment, simple system, and convenient installation. Thirdly, the freezing point of water under normal pressure is 0°C, which can greatly increase the evaporation temperature of the heat pump heating system under extremely low ambient temperature (minus 30°C), so that the heat pump heating system can evaporate at about -10°C. heat, improve the energy efficiency ratio of the system, and ensure the stable operation of the system with high efficiency and energy saving. Finally, using water as the heat storage medium can avoid the problem of frosting on the surface of the evaporator when the air source heat pump system supplies heat under extremely low environmental conditions. In order to ensure that the heat transfer medium in the phase change energy storage system does not freeze at extremely low temperatures at night, antifreeze is added to the heat transfer medium to reduce the freezing point of the heat transfer medium in the phase change energy storage system, ensuring Stable and safe phase change energy storage system.
传热工质中优选添加有防冻剂，防冻剂能够避免在极端天气中传热工质凝固，无法流动的现象。Antifreeze is preferably added to the heat transfer medium, which can prevent the heat transfer medium from solidifying and unable to flow in extreme weather.
进一步地，热泵供热系统包括高温回液管1、第一节流阀2、闪蒸罐3、回液管4、第二节流阀5、低温蒸气管18、压缩机19、补气管20、高温蒸气管21以及室内散热器22，其中：相变储热器16内的蒸发盘管17的出口通过低温蒸气管18连接在压缩机19的进口处，压缩机19出口通过高温蒸气管21连接在室内散热器22的进口处，室内散热器22的出口通过高温回液管1连接在第一节流阀2的入口处，第一节流阀2的出口通过高温回液管1连接在闪蒸罐3的进口，第二节流阀5的进口通过回液管4连接在闪蒸罐3的回水出口上，第二节流阀5的出口通过回液管4连接在相变储热器16内的蒸发盘管17的进口，闪蒸罐3的蒸气出口通过补气管20连接在压缩机19的补气口上；在相变储热器16内储热盘管15和蒸发盘管17交错分布。Further, the heat pump heating system includes a high-temperature liquid return pipe 1, a first throttle valve 2, a flash tank 3, a liquid return pipe 4, a second throttle valve 5, a low-temperature steam pipe 18, a compressor 19, and an air supply pipe 20 , high-temperature steam pipe 21 and indoor radiator 22, wherein: the outlet of the evaporation coil 17 in the phase change heat storage 16 is connected to the inlet of the compressor 19 through the low-temperature steam pipe 18, and the outlet of the compressor 19 is connected through the high-temperature steam pipe 21 Connected to the inlet of the indoor radiator 22, the outlet of the indoor radiator 22 is connected to the inlet of the first throttle valve 2 through the high-temperature liquid return pipe 1, and the outlet of the first throttle valve 2 is connected to the The inlet of the flash tank 3 and the inlet of the second throttle valve 5 are connected to the return water outlet of the flash tank 3 through the liquid return pipe 4, and the outlet of the second throttle valve 5 is connected to the phase change storage through the liquid return pipe 4. The inlet of the evaporation coil 17 in the heater 16 and the steam outlet of the flash tank 3 are connected to the air supply port of the compressor 19 through the air supply pipe 20; the heat storage coil 15 and the evaporation coil in the phase change heat storage device 16 17 staggered distribution.
更进一步地，所述压缩机19、室内散热器22、闪蒸罐3以及蒸发盘管17依次连接形成第二循环管路，第二循环管路里流通有供热工质。Furthermore, the compressor 19 , the indoor radiator 22 , the flash tank 3 and the evaporation coil 17 are sequentially connected to form a second circulation pipeline, and a heating medium flows through the second circulation pipeline.
本发明的工作流程如下：Work process of the present invention is as follows:
在白天太阳光照充足，太阳能丰富的时候，相变储能系统工作，太阳能进液阀8与太阳能出液阀12开启，电加热阀7关闭，太阳能集热器14吸收来自太阳的充足太阳能，并将太阳能转化成相变储能系统中的传热工质的热能，提高传热工质的温度，高温传热工质通过进热管13流经太阳能出液阀12并流入相变储热器16内的储热盘管15中，高温传热工质在相变储热器16中与固态的储热工质水也就是冰进行热交换，加热储热工质，用吸收的太阳能将冰融化，把太阳能转化成冰融化时的相变潜热储存起来，高温传热工质放热后变成低温传热工质，低温传热工质从储热盘管15的出口流出相变储热器16，并被循环泵6通过回热管9流经太阳能进液阀8送回到太阳能集热器14中去，低温传热工质在太阳能集热器14中吸收太阳能又重新被加热成高温传热工质。During the day when the sunlight is sufficient and the solar energy is abundant, the phase change energy storage system works, the solar liquid inlet valve 8 and the solar energy outlet valve 12 are opened, the electric heating valve 7 is closed, the solar heat collector 14 absorbs sufficient solar energy from the sun, and Convert solar energy into heat energy of the heat transfer medium in the phase change energy storage system, increase the temperature of the heat transfer medium, and the high temperature heat transfer medium flows through the heat inlet pipe 13 through the solar liquid outlet valve 12 and flows into the phase change heat storage 16 In the internal heat storage coil 15, the high-temperature heat transfer working medium exchanges heat with the solid heat storage working medium water, that is, ice, in the phase change heat storage device 16, heats the heat storage working medium, and melts the ice with the absorbed solar energy , to convert solar energy into latent heat of phase change when the ice melts and store it, and the high-temperature heat transfer medium turns into a low-temperature heat transfer medium after releasing heat, and the low-temperature heat transfer medium flows out of the phase-change heat storage from the outlet of the heat storage coil 15 16, and is sent back to the solar heat collector 14 by the circulating pump 6 through the heat return pipe 9 through the solar liquid inlet valve 8, and the low-temperature heat transfer working medium absorbs solar energy in the solar heat collector 14 and is reheated into a high-temperature heat transfer medium. Thermal fluid.
夜晚温度降低房间内需要供热的时候，热泵供热系统工作，供热工质在相变储热器16内的蒸发盘管17中吸收来自储热工质水的热量进行蒸发，供热工质蒸发形成的低温低压供热蒸气通过低温蒸气管18流入压缩机19中被压缩，低温低压供热蒸气被压缩形成高温高压的供热蒸气并与来自补气管20的补气蒸气相混形成混合高温蒸气，混合高温蒸气通过高温蒸气管21流入房间中的室内散热器22，也就是小温差末端风机盘管，向房间内供热，提高房间温度，混合高温蒸气在室内散热器22中冷凝成高温冷凝液，高温冷凝液通过高温回液管1流入第一节流阀2中进行第一次节流膨胀，在经过第一次节流膨胀后的高温冷凝液流入闪蒸罐3中发生闪蒸，闪蒸形成的蒸气作为补气蒸气通过补气管20流入压缩机19中，闪蒸后的冷凝液通过回液管4流入第二节流阀5中进行第二次节流膨胀，在经过第二次节流膨胀后形成低温低压的冷凝液，低温低压的冷凝液通过回液管4流入相变储热器16内的蒸发盘管17中，吸收来自储热工质水的热量再次进行蒸发。When the temperature drops at night and the room needs heating, the heat pump heating system works, and the heating medium absorbs the heat from the heat storage medium water in the evaporation coil 17 in the phase change heat storage device 16 to evaporate, and the heating work The low-temperature and low-pressure heating steam formed by the evaporation of the substance flows into the compressor 19 through the low-temperature steam pipe 18 and is compressed. High-temperature steam, the mixed high-temperature steam flows into the indoor radiator 22 in the room through the high-temperature steam pipe 21, that is, the fan coil at the end of the small temperature difference, supplies heat to the room, increases the room temperature, and the mixed high-temperature steam condenses in the indoor radiator 22 to form High-temperature condensate, the high-temperature condensate flows into the first throttle valve 2 through the high-temperature liquid return pipe 1 for the first throttling and expansion, and the high-temperature condensate flows into the flash tank 3 after the first throttling and expansion to cause flash The steam formed by steaming and flashing flows into the compressor 19 through the gas supply pipe 20 as the supplementary gas steam, and the flashed condensate flows into the second throttling valve 5 through the liquid return tube 4 to perform the second throttling expansion. After the second throttling and expansion, a low-temperature and low-pressure condensate is formed, and the low-temperature and low-pressure condensate flows into the evaporation coil 17 in the phase change heat storage 16 through the liquid return pipe 4, and absorbs the heat from the heat storage working medium water to carry out the process again. evaporation.
当太阳能不充足或者天气条件不好无法吸收充足的太阳能，导致夜晚热泵系统供热时相变储热器16中储存热力不足时，太阳能进液阀8和太阳能出液阀12关闭，电加热阀11开启，传热工质流经电加热器10进行加热升温，然后再流入相变储热器16中将热量储存起来或者直接供热泵系统供热使用。When the solar energy is insufficient or the weather conditions are not good enough to absorb sufficient solar energy, resulting in insufficient heat stored in the phase change heat storage device 16 when the heat pump system supplies heat at night, the solar energy liquid inlet valve 8 and the solar energy liquid outlet valve 12 are closed, and the electric heating valve 11 is turned on, the heat transfer medium flows through the electric heater 10 to heat up, and then flows into the phase change heat storage 16 to store the heat or directly provide heat for the heat pump system.
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式，本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变化或修改，这并不影响本发明的实质内容。在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施例和实施例中的特征可以任意相互组合。Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention. In the case of no conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily.
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