CN108271139A - A kind of method for routing based on software definition car networking - Google Patents
A kind of method for routing based on software definition car networking Download PDFInfo
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- CN108271139A CN108271139A CN201810048580.XA CN201810048580A CN108271139A CN 108271139 A CN108271139 A CN 108271139A CN 201810048580 A CN201810048580 A CN 201810048580A CN 108271139 A CN108271139 A CN 108271139A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
- H04W4/025—Services making use of location information using location based information parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/24—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for routing based on software definition car networking, belong to car networking.It includes step 1, vehicle node periodically to controller upload location information, movable information and information of neighbor nodes, and controller thus generates global routing table；2nd, vehicle node asks it to lead to the routing iinformation of destination node to controller, and controller sends routing iinformation according to request and to the node；3rd, vehicle node connect simultaneously data message transmission with next-hop node according to routing iinformation by short-range wireless communication technologies；4th, abnormal conditions are handled during transmitting message, until destination node receives the data message.The present invention is solved because the mobility of vehicle node in car networking is higher, the topologies change of network is very fast, using the node caused by the method for routing based on location information in Ad hoc networks when safeguarding routing table the overhead issues such as required a large amount of computing resource.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless communication technology field, applied to car networking.
Background technology
At present, there are two types of structures for car networking, first, the car networking based on cellular network, vehicle is as in cellular network
Access node connects internet by accessing cellular network.Data transmission is transmitted by cellular network uplink downlink,
It i.e. when vehicle node needs transmission data packet, is transmitted by cellular network uplink, similarly, passes through cellular network
Downlink carries out transmission data to vehicle node.At present using 4G cellular networks, user can be given in large-scale data transmission
Bring more high communication cost.
Second is that the car networking based on the short-range wireless networking communication technology, mainly vehicle Ad-hoc networks, it relies on short distance
Wireless network communication technique establishes connection between vehicle node, and the short-range wireless networking communication technology mainly has DSRC, Wi-Fi
Direct, Bluetooth 5.0, LTE Direct etc..But it when carrying out Long-range Data Transmission, generally requires by multiple
The relay forwarding of node because of data transmission end to end, needs to find a path end to end, and between both ends
How relay node carries out data forwarding, it is necessary to the local routing table of information of neighbor nodes is included by vehicle node maintenance,
Suitable routing is found by routing table.In the data transmission based on multi-hop, routing iinformation and method for routing right and wrong are determined
It is often important.
The method for routing based on location information in existing vehicle Ad-hoc networks is in each section by the strategy that floods
The routing table of all neighbor node location informations is safeguarded in point.Since car networking is a kind of special network, vehicle in car networking
The mobility of node is higher, and the topologies change of network is very fast, results in the routing iinformation in order to obtain real-time, and node exists
It needs to pay the expenses such as a large amount of computing resource, but the computing resource of vehicle node, storage resource etc. all have when safeguarding routing table
There is limitation.Secondly, under the scene that blocks up, in specific region and in the period, there is the vehicle node of higher density, vehicle
The node cluster use strategy that floods broadcasts mutual location information and may cause broadcast storm.So existing vehicle Ad-hoc
The method for routing based on location information in network is no longer applicable in.
Invention content
For existing vehicle Ad-hoc networks there are the problem of, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are just to provide one kind
Based on the method for routing of software definition car networking, it can reduce the expense of vehicle node, and be avoided that vehicle node cluster by general
Broadcast storm caused by big vast strategy.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of method for routing based on software definition car networking, packet
Include following steps：
Step 1, vehicle node are periodically to controller upload location information, movable information and information of neighbor nodes, controller
Thus generate global routing table；
Step 2, vehicle node ask its to lead to the routing iinformation of destination node to controller, and controller is according to request and to the section
Point sends routing iinformation；
Step 3, vehicle node are connect by short-range wireless communication technologies with next-hop node according to routing iinformation and transmit data
Message；
Step 4 is handled abnormal conditions during transmitting message, until destination node receives the data message.
The present invention uses the software definition car networking of short-range wireless communication technologies, and acquisition, management are concentrated by controller
Location information, movable information and the information of neighbor nodes of all nodes, controller are transmitted by cellular network to vehicle node
Control information；And the data transmission of large-scale data amount is then transmitted by short-range wireless communication technologies between vehicle, control
The data volume of information is very small, efficiently solves in existing Ad-hoc networks using the car networking of the method for routing of location information
There are the problem of, on the one hand reduce the expense of vehicle node, on the other hand avoid vehicle node cluster and drawn by the strategy that floods
The broadcast storm risen.
Description of the drawings
The description of the drawings of the present invention is as follows：
Fig. 1 is the application environment schematic diagram of present method invention；
Fig. 2 is the function division figure of present method invention；
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of present method invention；
Fig. 4 is the informational table of nodes individual node information term diagram in the global routing table of controller.
Fig. 5 is the data message frame format figure of vehicle node；
Fig. 6 is the request message frame format figure of vehicle node；
Fig. 7 is the routing message frame format chart of controller.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples：
The application environment of present method invention in the surf the net vehicle node sailed of highway as shown in Figure 1, pass through wireless short range communication skill
Art is attached, and forms vehicle Ad-hoc networks, the transmission of data flow is carried out between vehicle node；The pattern of upper right side cloud form represents
Controller, controller carry out control stream by cellular network by the base station by wired connection road network, base station to vehicle node
Transmission.
As shown in Fig. 2, the design of present method invention is：It is divided by function data plane and control plane, data plane
The Ad-hoc networks of to be vehicle node carried out by wireless short range communication technology communication composition, the data transmission between vehicle node
It is realized by multi-hop relay forwarding.Control plane is obtained the information such as the position of vehicle node by controller and generates global road
By table, and pass through cellular network and routing iinformation is transferred to vehicle node.Control plane is mainly by server cluster beyond the clouds
Composition, the vehicle node for the online substantial amounts that can satisfy the need provide the service of high efficient and reliable, and the controller of control plane mainly provides
Request processing and position information process function.
Controller obtains the location information, movable information and information of neighbor nodes of all vehicle nodes in initialization,
The route topological information of generation in logic.When new node adds in vehicle network, which actively believes location information, movement
Breath and information of neighbor nodes send controller to, and all nodes all periodically upload the location information and movable information of oneself, control
Device processed safeguards route topological information.
When vehicle node request carries out data transmission, pass through cellular network interface（Base station）To the controller of control plane
Transmission request is sent, after controller receives the request of vehicle node transmission, according to the type of request and real-time routing iinformation
To find an optimal path, and the control information comprising the path is sent to vehicle node, vehicle by cellular network interface
Data packet can be transferred to purpose by node by short-range wireless communication technologies according to the routing iinformation of feedback by multi-hop
Node.
In the case where data transmission time-out or routing are interrupted, pass through cellular network transmission data.
A kind of method for routing based on software definition car networking provided by the invention, includes the following steps：
Step 1, vehicle node are periodically to controller upload location information, movable information and information of neighbor nodes, controller
Thus generate global routing table；
Step 2, vehicle node ask its to lead to the routing iinformation of destination node to controller, and controller is according to request and to the section
Point sends routing iinformation；
Step 3, vehicle node are connect by short-range wireless communication technologies with next-hop node according to routing iinformation and transmit data
Message；
Step 4 is handled abnormal conditions during transmitting message, until destination node receives the data message.
The flow chart of present method invention is as shown in figure 3, the flow has implemented the routing based on software definition car networking
Method.For clear explanation flow chart, first following concept is illustrated：
Node A is the source node in the vehicle node that transmission data transmission for the first time is asked and routing, and node B is in routing
Destination node；
Time T is the time-out time of data message in the transmission, when data message is taken in transmission process close to T
Between, then respective handling will be carried out to message；
NodeX i To transmit the current vehicle node of arrival, node in transmission processX i+1 For routing iinformation interior jointX i It is next
Hop node；
tFor current time,t i For nodeX i At the time of information being sent to controller,t j For nodeX i Receive routing iinformation
Moment；
δ is a time constant, i.e. period, is a smaller constant.
Flow shown in Fig. 3 is as follows：
In step 101, vehicle node A is added in car networking；
Vehicle node A is not to refer in particular to some specific node, and refers to the vehicle node of any new addition, on stream more preferably
Illustrate, which is defined as specific node A.
In step 102, vehicle node A obtains the position of itself by the velocity sensor, acceleration transducer, GPS of itself
Confidence ceases and movable information.Location information and movable information include：GPS information, acceleration information, velocity information and neighbor node
Bonding strength information, it is logical when wireless short range communication due to being attached between vehicle node by short-range wireless communication technologies
Letter radius is R, and it is that the distance between two nodes is needed to be less than R to establish wireless short range communication, when the distance between two nodes are small
In R, then the two nodes are referred to as neighborhood, and the neighbor node of own node is can be found that using wireless short range communication technology.
In step 103, collected location information, movable information and information of neighbor nodes are passed through bee by vehicle node A
Nest network is sent to controller.
In step 104, when car networking system starts, the controller positioned at high in the clouds will initialize global routing table, global
Routing table is to include the routing table of all vehicle nodes, and initial work mainly creates a blank overall situation routing table.It is global
Whether it between vehicle node information and vehicle node in car networking is the information such as neighbor node that the composition of routing table can be.
Global routing table is divided into informational table of nodes and neighbor information table, and informational table of nodes includes the nodal information of all nodes, node letter
Item is ceased as shown in figure 4, the serial number of memory node, the cryptographic Hash of serial number node MAC addr, the GPS position information of node, wherein
For the latitude and longitude information of node, the velocity information of node, the size and Orientation including speed, the acceleration information of node, including
The neighboring node list of the direction of acceleration and size and node, the MAC Address letter of all neighbor nodes including the node
Breath.Neighbor information table be record any two node between whether be neighborhood table, can simply be carried out using matrix
It stores, the value of the corresponding element of two nodes represents the relative distance gone out by join-strength calculation in matrix, if not adjacent
Node is occupied, then the value of the element is infinity.The work of newly-built overall situation routing table as generates not record in the controller appoints
The informational table of nodes and neighbor information table of what content.
After car networking system starts, the controller positioned at high in the clouds is run always.
In step 105, controller receives right after the location information, movable information and information of neighbor nodes of vehicle node
These information are handled.Specifically, after controller obtains location information, the space of present node can be known by GPS information
Coordinate, the Future movement trend of present node can be known by speed and acceleration information, and velocity information includes movement velocity
Direction and size, by directional velocity it is known that two nodes go in the same direction or backwards to going, acceleration information includes
The direction of acceleration of motion and size, by the direction and size of acceleration be known that the speed of vehicle node become larger or
Become smaller, comprehensive speed information and acceleration information may determine that the distance between two nodes are increase or reduction, by even
The relative distance of present node and neighbor node can be known by connecing intensity, can be strong according to connection according to radio signal attenuation model
Degree, i.e., signal strength judges 2 points of relative distance, further according to node information of neighbor nodes can obtain each node and
Which node can establish connection, i.e. whether each two node is neighbor node, when two vehicle nodes are neighbor node, i.e.,
It can be attached by short-range wireless communication technologies.
In step 106, controller believes the location information of node, movement according to the information obtained after processing in step 105
In breath storage to the respective items in the global routing table interior joint information table of controller, and by calculating the node and neighbor node
Relative distance store in the respective items of neighbor node table, update in global routing table the information of the node and with this
The information of neighbor nodes of node.
In step 107, vehicle node A judges current timetWith to controller send at the time oft i Difference whether be less than
Period δ, if less than meaning that vehicle node A has sent the location information, movable information and neighbor node of itself to controller
Step 108 is then also gone to without a cycle δ after information, otherwise when the difference is equal to or more than period δ, then vehicle
Node A continues to acquire information, that is, continues step 102.Because the size of period δ affects the frequency of vehicle node period upload information
Rate also just affects the real-time of global routing table in controller, it is clear that the period, δ was smaller, and the real-time of global routing table is got over
Height, but higher network overhead is also brought, therefore period δ should be taken at a reasonable value, both can guarantee global routing table in this way
Real-time is also avoided that larger network overhead.
In step 108, vehicle node A is it is judged whether or not data transfer request, if so, step 109 is then gone to, it is no
Then perform step 107；
Above-mentioned step, only a vehicle node go the flow of upload information, and in the present invention, all vehicle nodes all can
Above step 102 and 103 is periodically carried out, the controller positioned at high in the clouds just obtains an overall situation in real time according to these information
Routing table, when vehicle node carries out data transmission request later, controller can generate routing iinformation according to global routing table.
In step 109, vehicle node A asks to send datagram to node B, thus needs since A nodes, Ke Nengjing
It crosses after intermediate node multi-hop and reaches a routing of node B.
Data message frame format as shown in figure 5, it include equipment serial number, target device serial number, test serial number, timestamp,
Time-out time, type, message priority, message frame number, routing iinformation flag bit, routing iinformation and data.Equipment serial number is
The Hash codes of the MAC Address of present node, the Hash codes of the MAC Address of target device serial number destination node, test serial number are
The Hash codes routeing in message, timestamp record current timet i , when the data of transmission are very more, it may be necessary to carry out framing
Transmission records the frame number after framing by message frame number, and whether routing iinformation flag bit wraps for recording in routing iinformation column
Containing routing iinformation.
In step 110, vehicle node A sends request message by cellular network to controller.
Request message frame format is as shown in fig. 6, include request serial number, request type, timestamp, Hash codes, source node sequence
Number and destination node serial number.What request serial number recorded in vehicle node A increases variable certainly, and request type is that the data of request pass
The transmission of video under defeated application scenarios, such as entertainment applications scene etc. is believed with the natural calamity under emergency application scenarios
The transmission of breath etc., both requests affirm the network demands such as time delay different.Timestamp is the current of record request transmission
Time, Hash codes are the Hash codes obtained by carrying out Hash operation to timestamp and source node serial number, which can
To uniquely determine a request.What source node serial number recorded is the cryptographic Hash of the MAC Address for the node for sending request, similarly,
The cryptographic Hash of the MAC Address of destination node that the request of destination node serial number is sent to.
In step 111, after controller obtains the request message of vehicle node A, according to request type and currently network-like
Condition generates a suitable time-out time T, and the data transport service that time-out time represents this request needed in time-out time T
Inside met.
In step 112, controller is obtained according to routing algorithm from vehicle node A passes through by inquiring global routing table
Intermediate node multi-hop reaches a routing iinformation of target node b, and routing iinformation contains each jump section from A node to B node
The mac address information of point.
There are many kinds of routing algorithms, common are Dijkstra's algorithm etc..
In step 113, routing iinformation and time-out time T are encapsulated in routing message by controller, will by cellular network
Routing message is sent to vehicle node A.
Route message frame format it is as shown in Figure 7, it include routing serial number, Hash codes, message priority, time-out time and
Routing iinformation.The record routing message number that routing serial number controller generates beyond the clouds increases variable, Hash codes and request certainly
The Hash codes of message are consistent, and message priority is the priority obtained according to request type, and priority is higher, in transmission process
Prioritised transmission.
In step 114, present nodeX i It receives after the routing message that controller is sent, present nodeX i Include vehicle
Node A, by the T routeing in message and current timet j It is encapsulated in data message, i.e., by time-out time T, current timet j Deng with
And the data sent are stored in the form data structure consistent with data message.
In step 115, present nodeX i Routing iinformation is also encapsulated in data message.
In step 116, current time is judgedtWith recording in data messaget j Difference, i.e. the data message transmitting
Elapsed time in the process, if more than T and difference, if so, representing that the data message has been spent in transmission process
Close to the time of time-out time T, then perform step 126, by cellular network data message is transmitted directly to controller；
Otherwise, step 117 is performed.
In step 117, present node in routing iinformation is judgedX i Next-hop nodeX i+1 Whether in present nodeX i Neighbour
It occupies in node, routing iinformation is the real-time routing iinformation that controller is generated when receiving request message, but due to car networking
Network topology structure is changed quickly always, may during transmission, due to the variation of network topology structure, when
Front nodal pointX i Next-hop node and present nodeX i Distance be more than R.If so, perform step 118；Otherwise, step is performed
121。
In step 118, present nodeX i With next-hop nodeX i+1 It is established and connected by short-range wireless communication technologies, and to
Next-hop nodeX i+1 Data message transmission.
In step 119, decision nodeX i+1 Whether it is target node b, if it is not, nodeX i+1 Become present nodeX i ,
Present nodeX i The routing iinformation of a upper node will be deleted from data message, i.e., only retained from present nodeX i The road of beginning
It by information, is then encapsulated in data message, performs step 115；If so, perform step 120.
In step 120, Node-B receiver to data message, flow terminates.
In step 121, present nodeX i Request message is sent to controller by cellular network, asks present nodeX i It arrives
Up to the routing iinformation of target node b；
Since network topology structure has occurred and that change, present nodeX i The next-hop node in routing iinformation can not have been connectedX i+1 , i.e. Transmission.
In step 122, controller generates a suitable time-out time according to request type and current Network status
T, the data transport service needs that time-out time represents this request are met in time-out time T.
In step 123, controller obtains present node by inquiring global routing tableX i Reach the routing of target node b
Information.
In step 124, controller judges whether the routing iinformation being currently generated and routing iinformation before are consistent, if so,
It represents currently find a new replacement routing, and former routing may be failed for some reason, so bee can only be passed through
Nest network sends datagram, and performs step 126, and otherwise, controller has found a new routing for being different from former routing iinformation
Information performs step 125.
In step 125, routing iinformation and time-out time T are encapsulated in routing message, are sent out by cellular network by controller
Give present nodeX i , front nodal pointX i Continue step 114.
In step 126, present nodeX i Data message is sent to by controller by cellular network.
In step 127, data message is sent to target node b by controller by cellular network.
In step 128, target node b receives data message, and flow terminates.
The present invention is solved because the mobility of vehicle node in car networking is higher, and the topologies change of network is very fast, makes
With the node caused by the method for routing based on location information in Ad-hoc networks when safeguarding routing table required a large amount of meter
Calculate the overhead issues such as resource.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method for routing based on software definition car networking, it is characterized in that, include the following steps：
Step 1, vehicle node are periodically to controller upload location information, movable information and information of neighbor nodes, controller
Thus generate global routing table；
Step 2, vehicle node ask its to lead to the routing iinformation of destination node to controller, and controller is according to request and to the section
Point sends routing iinformation；
Step 3, vehicle node are connect by short-range wireless communication technologies with next-hop node according to routing iinformation and transmit data
Message；
Step 4 is handled abnormal conditions during transmitting message, until destination node receives the data message.
2. the method for routing according to claim 1 based on software definition car networking, it is characterized in that, in step 1, generation
Global routing table includes the following steps：
Step 1）, according to the position of node, movable information obtain including the informational table of nodes of each node；
Step 2）, the neighbor table information of each node obtained according to the information of neighbor nodes of node.
3. the method for routing according to claim 2 based on software definition car networking, it is characterized in that, in step 2, generation
The step of routing iinformation is：
Step 1）, vehicle node by cellular network to controller send request message；
Step 2）, after controller obtains the request message of vehicle node, generated according to request type and current Network status
One suitable time-out time T；
Step 3）, controller by inquiring global routing table, obtained according to routing algorithm more by intermediate node from vehicle node A
A routing iinformation up to target node b is jumped to, routing iinformation is with containing the MAC of each hop node from A node to B node
Location information；
Step 4）, controller by routing iinformation and time-out time T be encapsulated in routing message in, message will be route by cellular network
It is sent to vehicle node.
4. the method for routing according to claim 3 based on software definition car networking, it is characterized in that, in step 3, data
The frame format of message includes equipment serial number, target device serial number, test serial number, timestamp, time-out time, type, message prior
Grade, message frame number, routing iinformation flag bit, routing iinformation and data.
5. the method for routing according to claim 4 based on software definition car networking, it is characterized in that, it is in step 4, abnormal
The processing of situation is：In the case where data transmission time-out or routing are interrupted, pass through cellular network transmission data.
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| CN112468996A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-03-09 | 华东交通大学 | Network topology control method in cognitive Internet of vehicles |
| CN113923742A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2022-01-11 | 南通大学 | Short-distance communication routing method among vehicle nodes in Internet of vehicles |
| US11395135B2 (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2022-07-19 | Ultralogic 6G, Llc | Rapid multi-hop message transfer in 5G and 6G |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110049527A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-07-23 | 厦门大学 | Method and system based on the routing of software definition car networking |
| CN110049527B (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2021-09-03 | 厦门大学 | Method and system for defining Internet of vehicles routing based on software |
| CN111447586A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-07-24 | 佛山科学技术学院 | Internet of vehicles access control method and system |
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| CN113923742A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2022-01-11 | 南通大学 | Short-distance communication routing method among vehicle nodes in Internet of vehicles |
| CN113923742B (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2023-09-12 | 南通大学 | Short-distance communication routing method between vehicle nodes of Internet of vehicles |
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Application publication date: 20180710 |