Background technology
Electroacoustic loud speaker is classified in a driving manner at present can be roughly divided into such as magnetic type loud speaker, coil-moving speaker, piezoelectricity
Formula loud speaker and electrostatic loudspeaker.
Electrostatic loudspeaker is usually considered to be used for the audio reproduction for providing high quality, is mainly used in advanced earphone
And speaker.The action principle of conventional electrostatic formula loud speaker be by two panels have trepanning and fixed pole plate (generally use pcb plates,
The metallic plate of metallic plate, tape insulation layer) seize conductive vibrating diaphragm formation capacitance on both sides by the arms, by supplying vibrating diaphragm Dc bias and giving
The alternating voltage of two electrode audios, the electrostatic force occurred using positive negative electric field are driven diaphragm oscillations and go out acoustic radiating
It goes.To reduce the oscillating mass of vibrating diaphragm, the structure of vibrating diaphragm plates one layer mostly using insulation film on the surface layer of insulation film
Very thin electrical conductivity coating, such as metal, semiconductor.
Relatively most common coil-moving speaker, the vibrating diaphragm of electrostatic loudspeaker is very thin, and quality is extremely light, can almost neglect
Slightly vibrating diaphragm inertia motion, therefore with better transient response and stronger details expressive force;Meanwhile the sounding face of loud speaker
Product is very big, and the vibrating diaphragm gross area is ten times of traditional moving-coil speaker or more, the sound field of electrostatic loudspeaker, sound in sense of hearing
As bigger, while sound also can more relaxed nature.
In the ideal case, electrostatic loudspeaker needs two pieces of pole plates that can allow the air pushed during diaphragm oscillations with as possible
Small resistance is by the way that enhance the sound transparency of pole plate, this requires pole plate to have larger percent opening;Meanwhile needs can be two again
Sufficiently strong and uniform electrostatic field is generated between piece pole plate and is carried out linear movement, and then push by abundant driving by vibrating diaphragm
Air flow amounts more as possible reaches enough intensity of phonation, and this requires pad electrode will as possible uniformly, percent opening is lower
Better.In brief, pole plate percent opening is improved, while acoustic resistance is reduced, electrostatic field intensity can be caused to reduce, uniformity becomes
Difference;Conversely, then sound transparency is deteriorated, the two can not be taken into account.Conventional way is uniformly perforated in pole plate at present, and punching rate is in 20-
40 or so.
In addition, electrostatic loudspeaker is easily damaged when being in humidity or the larger environment of dust, partly using electrostatic earphone
User can even be equipped with special proof cabinet to preserve.This is because:High-pressure work state is in during electrostatic loudspeaker sounding
Under, pole plate and vibrating diaphragm easily adsorb dust;When being chronically at the larger environment of humidity, coating is easily peeled off vibrating diaphragm.It is quiet to increase
The environmental suitability of electric loud speaker has additional relatively thin dust cover on partial electrostatic loud speaker at present, and pole plate and vibrating diaphragm are closed
Get up.Shown in Figure 1, figure label represents respectively:Pole plate 1, vibrating diaphragm 2, vibrating diaphragm frame 3, film framework 4, film 5, in figure
The peripheral surface of film 5 and pole plate 1, vibrating diaphragm frame 3 and film framework 4 encloses an enclosure space jointly.
Although in theory, when the thickness of shelter is much smaller than wave length of sound, sound wave almost loss-free can pass through
Shelter.As shown in Figure 1, which is divided into two cavitys by vibrating diaphragm 2.Although the sound wave that vibrating diaphragm 2 is sent out can pass through
Film 5, but vibrating diaphragm 2 vibration it is substantive change the volume of cavity, and push air movement, and then drive its both sides
Film 5 vibrates together therewith.In this case, vibrating diaphragm 2 can reduce amplitude when film 5 is driven to vibrate, while the also structure of film 5
The sound source new into one increases the sound dye of loud speaker, deteriorates sound quality.
Invention content
The shortcomings that the purpose of the present invention is being directed on prior art construction, proposes a kind of electrostatic loudspeaker structure and carries
The earphone of the loud speaker,.
In order to reach foregoing invention purpose, a kind of loud speaker that the embodiment of the present invention proposes is by the following technical programs
It realizes:
A kind of electrostatic loudspeaker structure, two pieces of pole plates including the vibrating diaphragm being tensioned and trepanning, described two pieces of pole plates
On be all formed with conductive electrode layer, it is characterised in that:The pole plate includes a metal net and a cricoid rigid frame
Frame;The periphery of the metal net is fixed on the rigid frame and keeps tensioning state, the metal net with
Signal wire is electrically connected;Two pieces of pole plates are located at vibrating diaphragm both sides and along vibrating diaphragm mirror symmetries.
The pole plate is towards the clamping piece that at least one insulation is fixed on the inside of vibrating diaphragm, those folders of two pole plates
Gripping member corresponds and clamps the vibrating diaphragm, and it is plane under static state to make vibrating diaphragm.
Clamping piece quantity is no less than two on the pole plate, spacing on the pole plate between any two cushion and
The distance of any one cushion to rigid frame is not less than 2cm.
The percent opening of the metal establishment net is between 30-70%.
The percent opening of the metal establishment net is between 35-65%.
The line footpath of the metal net is no more than 0.12mm, and mesh number is not less than 100 mesh.
The rigid frame is made of epoxy glass cloth laminated board.
The rigid frame is metal framework, and the metal framework has insulating layer.
The inner edge of the rigid frame inside is coated with the end to end metallic conduction ring in closed circular, and the metal is compiled
Knitmesh periphery is fixed in a manner of being electrically connected on metallic conduction ring.
The one kind of the metal framework material in high damping alloy or aluminium alloy.
The electrostatic loudspeaker structure further includes dust cover, which includes enclosing the uniform of a closed cavity
Film, the vibrating diaphragm and two pieces of pole plates are respectively positioned in the closed cavity.
The film is elastic membrane of the thickness between 50-1000 microns, and tension is no more than the tension of the vibrating diaphragm
1/10.
The tension of the film is no more than the 1/30 of the tension of the vibrating diaphragm.
The film is adhered on the rigid frame, and is supported by the rigid frame.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1st, it is limited to technique, the grid of PCB pole plates and punch metal pole plate must assure that and will not be broken in processing, therefore
And there are physics limits for grid size.The line footpath of high mesh number metal net is much smaller than PCB pole plates and the lattice of punch metal pole plate
Grid size, is conducive to acoustic wave diffraction, and sound transparency loss is minimum.And metal net field uniformity higher.
2nd, when routine pcb plates and punch metal plate make pole plate, tapping has 90 degree of wedge-shaped wedge.At work, it is electric
Lotus is concentrated at the wedge, and easily electric discharge generates noise.And there is no above-mentioned wedges for the circular metal line of metal net, reduce
Electrostatic loudspeaker climbs electric requirement.
3rd, the clamping piece of clamping vibrating diaphragm is added on pole plate, avoiding loud speaker, vibrating diaphragm contact electrode causes at work
Noise.
4th, dust cover structure is optimized, by controlling the film thickness on dust cover, and using elastic membrane and reduces film
The mode of tension, to reduce damage of the dust cover for sound quality.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in order to the understanding of technical staff of the same trade:
Referring to shown in Fig. 2-4, electrostatic loudspeaker disclosed in this invention include audio signal wire 6, electrical conductivity vibrating diaphragm 2,
Vibrating diaphragm frame 3 and two pieces of pole plates, conductive electrode layer is formed on pole plate, and vibrating diaphragm frame 3 uses insulating materials, vibrating diaphragm 2 weeks
Edge is fixed on vibrating diaphragm frame 3 and is tensioned.In speaker operation, by supplying 2 Dc bias of vibrating diaphragm and giving pole plate
Alternating voltage, the electrostatic force occurred using positive negative electric field, forces vibrating diaphragm to vibrate.Diaphragm oscillations are based on shaking so as to generate
The sound of reason number (related to frequency, amplitude and phase).Sound caused by vibrating diaphragm 2 transmissive at least for the trepanning on pole plate, so as to
By acoustic radiating to exterior space.
Unlike the prior art:The present embodiment pole plate uses metal net.Its structure is:
Each pole plate is made of a metal net 7 and a cricoid rigid frame 8.The periphery quilt of metal net 7
It is fixed on rigid frame 8 and keeps tensioning state, while metal net 7 is electrically connected with audio signal wire 6, using as raising
The pole plate of electric field is generated when sound device works.Two rigid frames 8 clamp vibrating diaphragm frame 3 and thereon vibrating diaphragm 2, at this time the first pole plate
It is located at vibrating diaphragm both sides and along 2 mirror symmetry of vibrating diaphragm with the second pole plate.
In one preferred embodiment, rigid frame 8 is made of glass pcb board, model FR-4.The substrate of FR-4 is adopted
With epoxy glass cloth laminated board, type metal conducting wire thereon.Using in the present invention when, structure is shown as:Rigid frame 8
The inner edge of inside is coated with the end to end metallic conduction ring 9 in closed circular, and 7 periphery of metal net is to be electrically connected
Mode is fixed on metallic conduction ring 9, and fixed form can be welding, bonding etc..Metallic conduction ring 9 also has lead 10, draws
Line 10 and audio signal wire 6 are electrically connected.
In another preferred embodiment, rigid frame 8 is by for metal framework, metal framework has insulating layer.Equally
, the inner edge of 8 inside of rigid frame is coated with the end to end metallic conduction ring 9 in closed circular, 7 periphery of metal net with
The mode of electric connection is fixed on metallic conduction ring 9.
The material of above-mentioned metal framework can be aluminium alloy.Rigid frame, that is, aluminum base PCB plate in this scheme, that is, aluminium
Base copper-clad plate is made of copper foil, thermally conductive insulating layer and metal substrate.7 side of fixation of its circuit mode of printing and metal net
Formula is identical with glass pcb board.Ripe as rigid frame processing technology using aluminum base PCB plate and glass pcb board, cost is opposite
It is relatively low.For glass pcb board, aluminum base PCB plate not only intensity higher, and metal framework intrinsic frequency can be far above
20KHz effectively reduces sound dye.
The material of above-mentioned metal framework can also be high damping alloy, by its high damping properties, can effectively reduce
The generation of resonance.
To strengthen the intensity of rigid frame 8, improving the intrinsic frequency of rigid frame 8, the inside of ring-shaped rigid frame 8 is also
Integrally formed inner supporting structure can be set, as Figure 2-3.
Metal net 7 is using high mesh number and the structure of high opening rate.Its percent opening should be between 30-70%.Metal
The line footpath of mesh grid 7 is no more than 0.12mm, and mesh number is not less than 100 mesh.
It is the parameter of metal net 7 in several specific embodiments below:
100 mesh plain weave metal nets:Line footpath 0.100mm, percent opening 37%;
100 mesh plain weave metal nets:Line footpath 0.080mm, percent opening 47%;
100 mesh plain weave metal nets:Line footpath 0.025mm, percent opening 81%;
120 mesh plain weave metal nets:Line footpath 0.080mm, percent opening 39%;
120 mesh plain weave metal nets:Line footpath 0.040mm, percent opening 65%;
140 mesh plain weave metal nets:Line footpath 0.060mm, percent opening 45%;
140 mesh plain weave metal nets:Line footpath 0.030mm, percent opening 70%;
180 mesh plain weave metal nets:Line footpath 0.050mm, percent opening 42%;
180 mesh plain weave metal nets:Line footpath 0.025mm, percent opening 68%;
200 mesh plain weave metal nets:Line footpath 0.051mm, percent opening 35%;
200 mesh plain weave metal nets:Line footpath 0.025mm, percent opening 64%;
250 mesh plain weave metal nets:Line footpath 0.040mm, percent opening 37%;
250 mesh plain weave metal nets:Line footpath 0.030mm, percent opening 50%;
300 mesh plain weave metal nets:Line footpath 0.030mm, percent opening 41%;
300 mesh plain weave metal nets:Line footpath 0.025mm, percent opening 49%;
400 mesh plain weave metal nets:Line footpath 0.025mm, percent opening 37%.
It is compared by applicant's pilot sample and the electrostatic loudspeaker of conventional electrodes, it is found that electrode works out net using metal
When sound field and high frequency extensibility integrally be better than conventional electrodes electrostatic loudspeaker.And percent opening between 35%-65% when,
The performance of its sound is particularly splendid.
Be limited to technique, punching pcb board, Metal-Piercing plate, tape insulation layer the grid of punch metal plate must assure that
It will not be broken during processing, so there are physics limits for grid size.And the line footpath of high mesh number metal net can reach
0.25mm is even lower.Sound wave can bypass a size and continue near or below the object of wavelength when propagating,
Such case is known as diffraction.And by taking the line footpath of 0.05mm as an example, corresponding wave length of sound is 6.67MHz, significantly larger than human ear
The 20KHz of audible.Therefore metal net 7 is conducive to acoustic wave diffraction, sound transparency loss is minimum as pole plate.
In addition, when the punch metal plate of punching pcb board, Metal-Piercing plate, tape insulation layer is as pole plate, to improve trepanning
Rate, aperture size is larger, and field uniformity is bad.And under the premise of similary percent opening, metal knitted screen distance and line footpath will
Small is more, field uniformity higher.
For punching pcb board and metallic plate, because with certain thickness, the trepanning of entrant sound is substantially suitable
In the circular channel that one has length, sound wave is in the channel and channel outer rim can generate reflection, diffraction and be concerned with, and leads
Cause the deterioration of sound.
In addition to this, when conventional pcb plates and Metal-Piercing plate make pole plate, inevitably there are 90 degree for tapping
Wedge-shaped wedge.At work, at the charge concentration wedge, easily electric discharge generates noise.Though the and Metal-Piercing plate of tape insulation layer
So the above problem being avoided, but for electrostatic loudspeaker, output sound pressure level and vibrating diaphragm are directly proportional to the spacing of pole plate,
Therefore spacing between pole plate and vibrating diaphragm is very small, so electrostatic loudspeaker is inevitably universal low when vibrating diaphragm amplitude is smaller
Frequency amount sense is insufficient, and insulating layer will obviously sacrifice the amplitude of vibrating diaphragm, therefore it is not ideal scheme that insulating layer is set outside pole plate.
And there is no above-mentioned wedges for the circular metal line of metal net, can avoid the problem that above-mentioned wedge electric discharge, drop
Low electrostatic loudspeaker climbs electric requirement.
Clamping piece 11 is additionally provided on metal net 7.Shown in Figure 2, metal net 7 is towards the inside of vibrating diaphragm 2
It is fixed with the clamping piece 11 of at least one insulation, those clamping pieces 11 on two pole plates correspond and clamp vibrating diaphragm 2.
Vibrating diaphragm 2 is plane under static state.Clamping piece 11 is equivalent to a supporting point for vibrating diaphragm 2, for shaking for vibrating diaphragm 2
It is dynamic to be split.In this way it is possible to prevente effectively from the contact pole plate in vibration of vibrating diaphragm 2 generates noise, loud speaker is even damaged.Often
The quantity of clamping piece 11 on one metal net 7 and distribution selection should be arrived according to the tension of vibrating diaphragm 2, amplitude and vibrating diaphragm 2
The spacing of pole plate determines.Clamping piece 11 sets overstocked, and the amplitude of vibrating diaphragm 2 can be greatly reduced, low frequency is caused to be deteriorated;And two
When spacing is excessive between adjacent clamping piece 11,2 amplitude of vibrating diaphragm therebetween is more than vibrating diaphragm 2 and pole plate spacing, leads to vibrating diaphragm 2
Pole plate is clapped during work.Therefore, the spacing on metal net 7 between any two clamping piece 11 and any one clamping piece 11
Distance to rigid frame is not less than 2cm.
In addition to above-mentioned improvement, electrostatic loudspeaker structure further includes dust cover in the present embodiment, which includes enclosing
Into the uniform film 12 of a closed cavity, vibrating diaphragm 3 and two pieces of pole plates are respectively positioned in the closed cavity.Specifically implementing
In example, film 12 is adhered on rigid frame 8, and is supported by rigid frame 8, and rigid frame 8 and vibrating diaphragm frame 3 closely paste
Sealing is closed, thus forms an enclosure space.
Preferably, film 12 is elastic membrane of the thickness between 50-1000 microns, and tension is no more than 2 tension of vibrating diaphragm
1/10.It is further preferred that the tension of film 12 is no more than the 1/30 of the tension of vibrating diaphragm.Film 12 is in tensioning shape as a result,
State, but tension an order of magnitude at least smaller than the tension of vibrating diaphragm 2, while there is preferable ductility.As shown in Figure 5, human ear is quick
Sensillary area domain is concentrated between 500Hz-5KHz.It is thin although 2 both sides cavity volume of vibrating diaphragm rapidly changes when vibrating diaphragm 2 vibrates
Film 12 is in slow expansion/contraction state, greatly reduces vibration frequency.The sound dye of human ear sensitivity is evaded.
In addition, the vibrating diaphragm 2 to protect electrostatic loudspeaker, electrostatic loudspeaker can also set catch net 13, catch net 13 is
It is fixed on the metal net in 8 outside of rigid frame.
It is it should be noted that made for the present invention further specifically the above content is specific embodiment is combined
It is bright, it is impossible to assert that the specific embodiment of the present invention is only limitted to this, under the guidance of above-described embodiment, those skilled in the art
Various improvement and deformation can be carried out on the basis of above-described embodiment, and these are improved or deformation is fallen in guarantor of the invention
In the range of shield.