CN108270327B - Spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN108270327B
CN108270327B CN201710003611.5A CN201710003611A CN108270327B CN 108270327 B CN108270327 B CN 108270327B CN 201710003611 A CN201710003611 A CN 201710003611A CN 108270327 B CN108270327 B CN 108270327B
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die
permanent magnet
spherical
hot
pressing head
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CN108270327A (en
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靳朝相
陈仁杰
唐旭
剧锦云
尹文宗
闫阿儒
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Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering of CAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/1208—Containers or coating used therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B22F2003/145—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously by warm compacting, below debindering temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of a spherical shell permanent magnet, which comprises the following steps: (1) providing a magnetic powder having magnetocrystalline anisotropy; (2) carrying out hot pressing on the magnetic powder through a first die, heating the magnetic powder and applying pressure to densify the magnetic powder and fill a die cavity of the first die to obtain a hot-pressed blank, wherein the end face of a first lower pressing head of the first die is a spherical surface; (3) and carrying out thermal deformation treatment on the hot-pressed blank through a second die, heating the hot-pressed blank and applying pressure to enable the hot-pressed blank to flow and fill the die cavity of the second die, so as to obtain the spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet, wherein the end surfaces of a second upper pressing head and a second lower pressing head of the second die are spherical surfaces, and the die cavity of the second die is in a spherical shell shape. The invention also provides the spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet obtained by the preparation method.

Description

Spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a spherical shell permanent magnet and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The rare earth permanent magnetic material is a permanent magnetic material taking an intermetallic compound formed by rare earth metal elements and transition metals as a matrix. The rare earth permanent magnet is widely used in computer industry, automobile industry, communication information industry, medical industry, sound box equipment, video and audio industry, wind power generation and household appliance industry and the like, and becomes an important material basis of the global pillar industry and high-tech industry.
The spherical permanent magnet motor can simultaneously realize three-degree-of-freedom motion with high precision and large range, so that the spherical permanent magnet motor has wide application prospect in high-precision control systems such as robots, camera drivers of computer vision, nano working platforms and the like. The spherical rotor of the existing spherical permanent magnet motor is generally formed by splicing rare earth tile magnets, and due to the incompleteness of the magnets, magnetic flux leakage and discontinuous magnetic flux exist at the spliced part, fluctuation exists in output signals, and the cogging effect of the motor in the operation process is easily caused.
The existing preparation method of the rare earth tile magnet is a sintering method, and the specific process is as follows: firstly, preparing a large magnet blank by a sintering process, and processing the magnet blank into a tile-shaped magnet by methods such as wire cutting and the like. In this process, the cutting-off is required, and thus there are disadvantages of a large amount of waste and a low material yield.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a spherical shell permanent magnet and a method for manufacturing the same, which can optimize the structure and output characteristics of a spherical permanent magnet motor, and have the advantages of high manufacturing efficiency and high material yield.
The invention provides a preparation method of a spherical shell permanent magnet, which comprises the following steps:
(1) providing a magnetic powder having magnetocrystalline anisotropy;
(2) carrying out hot pressing on the magnetic powder through a first die, heating the magnetic powder and applying pressure to densify the magnetic powder and fill a die cavity of the first die to obtain a hot-pressed blank, wherein the first die comprises a first upper pressing head and a first lower pressing head, the first upper pressing head and the first lower pressing head are matched to form the die cavity of the first die, the end face of the first upper pressing head is a plane, and the end face of the first lower pressing head is a spherical surface;
(3) and carrying out thermal deformation treatment on the hot-pressed blank through a second die, heating the hot-pressed blank and applying pressure to enable the hot-pressed blank to be rheologically and fully filled in the die cavity of the second die to obtain the spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet, wherein the second die comprises a second upper pressing head, an inner die sleeve and a second lower pressing head, the end surfaces of the second upper pressing head and the second lower pressing head are spherical surfaces, the radius of the spherical surface of the second lower pressing head is larger than that of the spherical surfaces of the first lower pressing head and the second upper pressing head, the inner die sleeve and the second lower pressing head are matched to form the die cavity of the second die, and the die cavity of the second die is in a spherical shell shape.
The spherical surfaces of the first lower pressing head and the second lower pressing head are concave spherical surfaces, and the spherical surface of the second upper pressing head is a convex spherical surface.
And the spherical center of the spherical surface of the second upper pressure head is overlapped with the spherical center of the spherical surface of the second lower pressure head.
The surface of the hot-pressing blank comprises a spherical surface, and the spherical surface of the hot-pressing blank is tangent to the spherical surface of the second lower pressing head.
Wherein, in step (1) the magnetic powder is at least one of neodymium iron boron magnetic powder, samarium cobalt magnetic powder and samarium iron nitrogen magnetic powder.
Wherein the hot pressing process in the step (2) specifically comprises the following steps: putting the magnetic powder into a first die, heating the magnetic powder to a first temperature in a vacuum environment, and applying a first pressure to the first die to obtain a hot-pressed blank, wherein the first pressure is 50-300 MPa, and the first temperature is 600-750 ℃.
Wherein, the thermal deformation process in the step (3) is specifically as follows: and putting the hot-pressed blank into a second die, heating the hot-pressed blank to a second temperature in an inert atmosphere, and applying a second pressure to the hot-pressed blank to deform the hot-pressed blank to obtain the spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet, wherein the second pressure is 50-300 MPa, and the second temperature is 800-900 ℃.
The invention also provides the spherical shell permanent magnet obtained by the preparation method, wherein the spherical shell permanent magnet comprises flaky crystal grains which are arranged in parallel to the spherical surface of the spherical shell permanent magnet.
Wherein, the c axis of the magnetic easy axis of the spherical shell permanent magnet is distributed along the normal direction of the spherical surface of the spherical shell permanent magnet.
Wherein, the wall thickness of the spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet is 0.1 mm-20 mm.
Compared with the traditional sintering technology and grinding technology to obtain the special-shaped magnet, in the preparation method of the spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet, the magnetic powder is firstly placed in the die cavity of the first die, and because the end surface of the first lower pressing head is a spherical surface, a hot-pressing blank with a spherical surface can be formed after the magnetic powder is subjected to pressure and heating; and then arranging the hot-pressed blank in a second die, wherein the second upper pressing head and the second lower pressing head are spherical surfaces, so that after the hot-pressed blank is subjected to pressure and heating, the hot-pressed blank can slowly deform along the inner wall of the second die until the die cavity of the whole second die is filled with the hot-pressed blank, and finally, the spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet is obtained. The spherical shell-shaped magnet prepared by the preparation method is a radiation spherical permanent magnet, namely the magnetic easy axis of the spherical shell-shaped magnet is along the normal direction (or the radius direction) of the spherical surface. After being magnetized, the two spherical permanent magnets can form a spherical shell rotor of the spherical permanent magnet motor. The spherical shell permanent magnet can optimize the structure of the motor, eliminate or reduce discontinuity of magnetic flux, thereby improving the output characteristic and stability of the motor and obviously reducing the loss of the motor.
The preparation method of the spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet basically does not need cutting, and near-net-shape forming is realized, so that the method basically has no material waste, has high material yield, has simple process and is suitable for industrial production.
The spherical surface of the hot-pressed blank is tangent to the spherical surface of the second lower pressing head, so that the hot-pressed blank is not easy to slide in the thermal deformation process, and closely flows slowly along the inner wall of the second die and deforms, and finally the die cavity of the whole second die is filled with the hot-pressed blank to form the hemispherical shell-shaped permanent magnet.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the process for preparing a spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows Nd in example 12Fe14B, a schematic cross-sectional view of the thin-wall spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet.
FIG. 3 is Sm of example 22Co17Schematic cross-sectional view of a thick-walled spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet.
Wherein, 1 represents a first upper ram; 2 denotes a first mold; 3, hot pressing the blank; 4 denotes a first lower ram; 5 denotes an inner die case; 6 denotes a second upper ram; 7 denotes a second lower ram; and 8 denotes a second mold.
The following specific embodiments will further illustrate the invention in conjunction with the above-described figures.
Detailed Description
The spherical shell permanent magnet and the preparation method and equipment thereof provided by the invention are further explained with reference to the attached drawings.
The invention provides a preparation method of a spherical shell permanent magnet, which comprises the following steps:
s1, providing magnetic powder with magnetocrystalline anisotropy;
s2, carrying out hot pressing on the magnetic powder through a first die, heating the magnetic powder and applying pressure to densify the magnetic powder and fill the die cavity of the first die to obtain a hot-pressed blank, wherein the first die comprises a first upper pressing head and a first lower pressing head, the first upper pressing head and the first lower pressing head are matched to form the die cavity of the first die, the end surface of the first upper pressing head is a plane, and the end surface of the first lower pressing head is a spherical surface; and
s3, performing thermal deformation treatment on the hot-pressed blank through a second die, heating the hot-pressed blank and applying pressure to the hot-pressed blank to enable the hot-pressed blank to flow and fill the die cavity of the second die to obtain the spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet, wherein the second die comprises a second upper pressing head, an inner die sleeve and a second lower pressing head, the end faces of the second upper pressing head and the second lower pressing head are spherical surfaces, the radius of the spherical surface of the second lower pressing head is larger than that of the spherical surfaces of the first lower pressing head and the second upper pressing head, the inner die sleeve and the second lower pressing head are matched to form the die cavity of the second die, and the die cavity of the second die is in a spherical shell shape.
In step S1, the magnetic powder is at least one of neodymium iron boron magnetic powder, samarium cobalt magnetic powder and samarium iron nitrogen magnetic powder. The magnetic powder can be obtained commercially or prepared by self. The magnetic powder can be rapidly quenched powder obtained by a rapid quenching process.
In step S2, the spherical surface of the first lower pressing head is a spherical surface, specifically, a concave spherical surface. The first upper pressing head and the first lower pressing head are matched to form a die cavity of the first die. The obtained hot-pressed blank correspondingly has a spherical surface, and the spherical surface shape of the hot-pressed blank is matched with the spherical surface shape of the first lower pressing head.
The hot pressing process specifically comprises the following steps: putting the magnetic powder into a first die, heating the magnetic powder to a first temperature in a vacuum environment, and applying a first pressure to the first die to obtain a hot-pressed blank, wherein the first pressure is 50-300 MPa, and the first temperature is 600-750 ℃.
In step S3, the spherical surface of the second lower pressing head is a concave spherical surface, and the spherical surface of the second upper pressing head is a convex spherical surface. And the second upper pressing head, the inner die sleeve and the second lower pressing head are matched to form a die cavity of the second die. And the actual shape of the die cavity of the second die is spherical shell shape, so that the hot-pressed blank is deformed in the die cavity to obtain the spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet.
Preferably, the spherical center of the spherical surface of the second upper indenter overlaps with the spherical center of the spherical surface of the second lower indenter.
In order to better deform the hot-pressed blank in the cavity of the second mold, preferably, the spherical surface of the hot-pressed blank is tangent to the spherical surface of the second lower pressing head.
The thermal deformation process specifically comprises the following steps: and putting the hot-pressed blank into a second die, heating the hot-pressed blank to a second temperature in an inert atmosphere, and applying a second pressure to the hot-pressed blank to deform the hot-pressed blank to obtain the spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet, wherein the second pressure is 50-300 MPa, and the second temperature is 800-900 ℃.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the first upper ram 1 and the first lower ram 4 form a mold cavity of the first mold 2. And placing magnetic powder in a die cavity of the die. Under the action of pressure and heating, the magnetic powder is densified to obtain a hot-pressed blank 3. The hot-pressed blank 3 is placed in the cavity of a second mold 8. Preferably, the spherical surface of the hot-pressed blank 3 is tangent to the spherical surface of the second lower pressing head 7. The second upper pressing head 6, the inner die sleeve 5 and the second lower pressing head 7 form a die cavity of a second die 8. Under the action of pressure and heating, the hot-pressed blank 3 gradually deforms and flows along the inner wall of the second die 8, and finally the die cavity of the whole second die 8 is filled with the hot-pressed blank, so that the spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet is obtained.
The invention also provides the spherical shell permanent magnet obtained by the preparation method, wherein the spherical shell permanent magnet comprises flaky crystal grains which are arranged in parallel to the spherical surface of the spherical shell permanent magnet. The c-axis of the magnetic easy axis of the spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet is distributed along the normal direction of the spherical surface of the spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet. The wall thickness of the spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet is 0.1 mm to 20mm, preferably 1 mm to 5 mm.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to specific examples.
Example (1)
Nd2Fe14The preparation process of the thin-wall spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet comprises the following steps:
(1) hot pressing: adding Nd2Fe14B, putting the magnetic powder into a first die, heating the magnetic powder to a first temperature in a vacuum environment, and applying a first pressure to the first die to obtain a hot-pressed blank, wherein the first temperature is 670 ℃, the first pressure is 200MPa, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum environment is 4.5 multiplied by 10-2Pa。
(2) Thermal deformation: and putting the hot-pressed blank into a second die, heating the hot-pressed blank in argon to a second temperature to deform the hot-pressed blank by 75%, and applying a second pressure to the deformed hot-pressed blank to obtain the thin-wall spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet, wherein the second temperature is 840 ℃ and the second pressure is 120 MPa.
Nd is obtained through the first two steps2Fe14B thin-wall spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet, as shown in figure 2, wherein the inner diameter of the magnet is 20mm, and the wall thickness is 2 mm.
Example (2)
Sm2Co17The preparation process of the thick-wall spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet comprises the following steps:
(1) hot pressing: mixing Sm2Co17Putting magnetic powder into a first die, heating the magnetic powder to a first temperature in a vacuum environment, and applying a first pressure to the first die to obtain a hot-pressed blank, wherein the first temperature is 700 ℃, the first pressure is 200MPa, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum environment is 3.2 x 10-2Pa。
(2) Thermal deformation: and putting the hot-pressed blank into a second die, heating the hot-pressed blank in argon to a second temperature to deform the hot-pressed blank by 65%, and applying a second pressure to the deformed hot-pressed blank to obtain the thick-wall spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet, wherein the second temperature is 850 ℃ and the second pressure is 150 MPa.
Sm is obtained through the first two steps2Co17A thick-walled spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet, as shown in fig. 3, wherein the magnet has an inner diameter of 30mm and a wall thickness of 10 mm.
The above description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method of the invention and its core idea. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (8)

1. A preparation method of a spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) providing a magnetic powder having magnetocrystalline anisotropy;
(2) carrying out hot pressing on the magnetic powder through a first die, heating the magnetic powder and applying pressure to densify the magnetic powder and fill a die cavity of the first die to obtain a hot-pressed blank, wherein the first die comprises a first upper pressing head and a first lower pressing head, the first upper pressing head and the first lower pressing head are matched to form the die cavity of the first die, the end face of the first upper pressing head is a plane, and the end face of the first lower pressing head is a spherical surface;
(3) performing thermal deformation treatment on the hot-pressed blank through a second die, heating the hot-pressed blank and applying pressure to enable the hot-pressed blank to flow and fill the die cavity of the second die to obtain a spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet, wherein the second die comprises a second upper pressing head, an inner die sleeve and a second lower pressing head, the end surfaces of the second upper pressing head and the second lower pressing head are spherical surfaces, the radius of the spherical surface of the second lower pressing head is larger than that of the spherical surfaces of the first lower pressing head and the second upper pressing head, the inner die sleeve and the second lower pressing head are matched to form the die cavity of the second die, the die cavity of the second die is spherical shell-shaped, the surface of the hot-pressed blank comprises a spherical surface, the spherical surface of the hot-pressed blank is tangent to the spherical surface of the second lower pressing head, and the spherical surfaces of the first lower pressing head and the second lower pressing head are concave spherical surfaces, the spherical surface of the second upper pressure head is a convex spherical surface,
the spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet comprises flaky crystal grains, and the flaky crystal grains are arranged in parallel to the spherical surface of the spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet.
2. The method for manufacturing a spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet according to claim 1, wherein the spherical center of the spherical surface of the second upper indenter overlaps with the spherical center of the spherical surface of the second lower indenter.
3. The method for preparing a spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the magnetic powder is at least one of neodymium iron boron magnetic powder, samarium cobalt magnetic powder and samarium iron nitrogen magnetic powder.
4. The method for preparing a spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet according to claim 1, wherein the hot pressing in the step (2) is specifically performed by: putting the magnetic powder into a first die, heating the magnetic powder to a first temperature in a vacuum environment, and applying a first pressure to the first die to obtain a hot-pressed blank, wherein the first pressure is 50-300 MPa, and the first temperature is 600-750 ℃.
5. The method for preparing a spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet according to claim 1, wherein the thermal deformation process in the step (3) is specifically: and putting the hot-pressed blank into a second die, heating the hot-pressed blank to a second temperature in an inert atmosphere, and applying a second pressure to the hot-pressed blank to deform the hot-pressed blank to obtain the spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet, wherein the second pressure is 50-300 MPa, and the second temperature is 800-900 ℃.
6. A spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet comprises flaky grains, and the flaky grains are arranged parallel to the spherical surface of the spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet.
7. The spherical shell permanent magnet according to claim 6, wherein c-axes of magnetic susceptibility axes of the spherical shell permanent magnet are distributed along a normal direction of a spherical surface of the spherical shell permanent magnet.
8. The spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet according to claim 6, wherein the wall thickness of the spherical shell-shaped permanent magnet is 0.1 mm to 20 mm.
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4963320A (en) * 1989-04-14 1990-10-16 Daido Tokushuko Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus for producing anisotropic rare earth magnet
CN1317384A (en) * 2000-03-28 2001-10-17 住友特殊金属株式会社 Powder pressing appts. and method for producing rere earch alloyed magnetic powder formed body
CN105679479A (en) * 2014-11-20 2016-06-15 有研稀土新材料股份有限公司 Permanent magnet material and preparation method therefor

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4963320A (en) * 1989-04-14 1990-10-16 Daido Tokushuko Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus for producing anisotropic rare earth magnet
CN1317384A (en) * 2000-03-28 2001-10-17 住友特殊金属株式会社 Powder pressing appts. and method for producing rere earch alloyed magnetic powder formed body
CN105679479A (en) * 2014-11-20 2016-06-15 有研稀土新材料股份有限公司 Permanent magnet material and preparation method therefor

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