CN108269243B - Image signal-to-noise ratio enhancing method and terminal - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a terminal for enhancing image signal-to-noise ratio, wherein the method comprises the following steps: obtaining a plurality of n x n pixel arrays according to a preset image; two adjacent pixel arrays have m pixel overlapping points, m being equal to n2-n; respectively fusing all pixel points in each pixel array to obtain a plurality of fused pixel points; acquiring a first pixel value of a fusion pixel point corresponding to each pixel array; and updating the pixel value of the pixel point at the preset position in each pixel array of the image to be the first pixel value corresponding to each pixel array to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio enhanced image. The invention enhances the signal-to-noise ratio of the image pixel points, and does not increase or decrease the number of the image pixel points, namely, does not influence the resolution ratio of the image, so that the detector can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the image according to the method, thereby improving the weak light imaging capability of the detector.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of image processing, in particular to a method and a terminal for enhancing an image signal-to-noise ratio.
Background
In photoelectric imaging, low-light imaging performance is an important index for measuring common detectors such as a CCD (charge coupled device), an EMCCD (electron-multiplying charge coupled device), a SCMOS (single-chip microcomputer) and the like, but due to readout noise and fixed pattern noise existing in the detectors and shot noise caused by the characteristics of photons, the signal-to-noise ratio of an image is very low during low-light imaging, so that photon signals are difficult to extract from the noise, and the low-light imaging capability of the detectors is limited. Therefore, the image signal to noise ratio is improved, and the development of an image signal enhancement method based on a weak light detector is of great significance.
In the prior art, a signal is usually amplified by using an electron multiplication method, so that the signal is enhanced while the readout noise is reduced, the detection of extremely weak light can be realized, but the cost is very high, extra noise caused by the electron multiplication process is introduced, and the effective quantum efficiency is reduced; the second method is to reduce shot noise caused by the characteristics of photons, thereby realizing the improvement of about 3 times of the signal-to-noise ratio, but the realization method is more complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the invention provides a method and a terminal for enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio of an image, which can effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the image, thereby improving the weak light imaging capability of a detector.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a method for enhancing an image signal-to-noise ratio, comprising the following steps:
s1: obtaining a plurality of n x n pixel arrays according to a preset imageColumns; two adjacent pixel arrays have m pixel overlapping points, m being equal to n2-n；
S2: respectively fusing all pixel points in each pixel array to obtain a plurality of fused pixel points; acquiring a first pixel value of a fusion pixel point corresponding to each pixel array;
s3: and updating the pixel value of the pixel point at the preset position in each pixel array of the image to be the first pixel value corresponding to each pixel array to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio enhanced image.
The invention also provides a terminal for enhancing the image signal-to-noise ratio, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program which is stored on the memory and can be run on the processor, wherein the processor realizes the following steps when executing the computer program:
s1: obtaining a plurality of n x n pixel arrays according to a preset image; two adjacent pixel arrays have m pixel overlapping points, m being equal to n2-n；
S2: respectively fusing all pixel points in each pixel array to obtain a plurality of fused pixel points; acquiring a first pixel value of a fusion pixel point corresponding to each pixel array;
s3: and updating the pixel value of the pixel point at the preset position in each pixel array of the image to be the first pixel value corresponding to each pixel array to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio enhanced image.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method and a terminal for enhancing image signal-to-noise ratio, which are characterized by obtaining a plurality of n x n pixel arrays according to a preset image, fusing all pixel points in each pixel array to obtain fused pixel points and first pixel values corresponding to the fused pixel points, setting the pixel values of the pixel points at the preset position of each pixel array as the first pixel values, enhancing the signal intensity of the corresponding pixel points of the image by n x n times, and enhancing the noise of the pixel points
Thereby enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio of image pixel pointsIn addition, the number of image pixel points is not increased or decreased, that is, the resolution of the image is not affected, so that an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) of the detector can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the image according to the method, and the weak light imaging capability of the detector is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the main steps of a method for enhancing signal-to-noise ratio of an image according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal for enhancing an image signal-to-noise ratio according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pixel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
description of reference numerals:
1. a memory; 2. a processor.
Detailed Description
In order to explain technical contents, objects and effects of the present invention in detail, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the embodiments.
The most key technical concept of the invention is as follows: obtaining a plurality of n-by-n pixel arrays according to a preset image, respectively fusing all pixel points in each pixel array to obtain a plurality of fused pixel points and a plurality of corresponding first pixel values, and setting the pixel value of the pixel point at the preset position of each pixel array as the first pixel value.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for enhancing an image signal-to-noise ratio, comprising the following steps:
s1: obtaining a plurality of n x n pixel arrays according to a preset image; two adjacent pixel arrays have m pixel overlapping points, m being equal to n2-n；
S2: respectively fusing all pixel points in each pixel array to obtain a plurality of fused pixel points; acquiring a first pixel value of a fusion pixel point corresponding to each pixel array;
s3: and updating the pixel value of the pixel point at the preset position in each pixel array of the image to be the first pixel value corresponding to each pixel array to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio enhanced image.
From the above description, it can be seen that, according to the method and the terminal for enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio of an image, provided by the invention, a plurality of n × n pixel arrays are obtained according to a preset image, all pixel points in each pixel array are fused to obtain a fusion pixel point and a first pixel value corresponding to the fusion pixel point, the pixel value of the pixel point at the preset position of each pixel array is set as the first pixel value, the signal intensity of the corresponding pixel point of the image is enhanced by n × n times, and the noise of the pixel point is enhanced by n × n times
The invention can not increase or decrease the number of image pixel points, namely, the resolution of the image is not affected, so that the FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) of the detector can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the image according to the method, thereby improving the weak light imaging capability of the detector.
Further, the S1 specifically includes:
acquiring an image output by a weak light detector, wherein the image is a gray image;
obtaining a plurality of n x n pixel arrays according to all pixel points of the gray level image; n is not less than 2 and is less than a preset first threshold; two adjacent pixel arrays have m pixel overlapping points, m being equal to n2-n。
As can be seen from the above description, by the above method, the image output by the weak light detector can be processed, so as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the image.
Further, the S2 specifically includes:
respectively obtaining light intensity values of all pixel points in each pixel array to obtain a plurality of first light intensity values; the first light intensity value is the sum of the light intensity values of all the pixel points in the pixel array.
From the above description, the sum of the light intensity values of all the pixel points of each pixel array can be obtained quickly by the above method.
Further, the S3 specifically includes:
and updating the light intensity value corresponding to the pixel point at the preset position in each pixel array of the image to be the first light intensity value corresponding to each pixel array to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio enhanced image.
From the above description, it can be known that the signal intensity of the corresponding pixel points of the image can be enhanced by n × n times and the noise of the pixel points can be enhanced by the above method
And the signal to noise ratio of the image pixel point is enhanced.
Further, between S2 and S3, there are:
s205: judging whether the first light intensity value is larger than a preset light intensity threshold value, if not, executing the step S3;
if yes, the step S1, S2, S205 are repeated by decreasing n by one.
From the above description, it can be known that the light intensity value can not exceed the maximum light intensity value of the pixel point by the above method.
Referring to fig. 2, the present invention provides an image snr enhancement terminal, which includes a memory 1, a processor 2 and a computer program stored in the memory 1 and operable on the processor 2, wherein the processor 2 implements the following steps when executing the computer program:
s1: obtaining a plurality of n x n pixel arrays according to a preset image; two adjacent pixel arrays have m pixel overlapping points, m being equal to n2-n；
S2: respectively fusing all pixel points in each pixel array to obtain a plurality of fused pixel points; acquiring a first pixel value of a fusion pixel point corresponding to each pixel array;
s3: and updating the pixel value of the pixel point at the preset position in each pixel array of the image to be the first pixel value corresponding to each pixel array to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio enhanced image.
Further, in the terminal for enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio of the image, the S1 specifically is:
acquiring an image output by a weak light detector, wherein the image is a gray image;
obtaining a plurality of n x n pixel arrays according to all pixel points of the gray level image; n is not less than 2 and is less than a preset first threshold; two adjacent pixel arrays have m pixel overlapping points, m being equal to n2-n。
Further, in the terminal for enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio of the image, the S2 specifically is:
respectively obtaining light intensity values of all pixel points in each pixel array to obtain a plurality of first light intensity values; the first light intensity value is the sum of the light intensity values of all the pixel points in the pixel array.
Further, in the terminal for enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio of the image, the S3 specifically is:
and updating the light intensity value corresponding to the pixel point at the preset position in each pixel array of the image to be the first light intensity value corresponding to each pixel array to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio enhanced image.
Further, the terminal for enhancing signal-to-noise ratio of an image further includes, between S2 and S3:
s205: judging whether the first light intensity value is larger than a preset light intensity threshold value, if not, executing the step S3;
if yes, the step S1, S2, S205 are repeated by decreasing n by one.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 3, a first embodiment of the present invention is:
the invention provides a method for enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio of an image, which comprises the following steps:
s1: obtaining a plurality of n x n pixel arrays according to a preset image; two adjacent pixel arrays have m pixel overlapping points, m being equal to n2-n；
The S1 specifically includes:
acquiring an image output by a weak light detector, wherein the image is a gray image;
obtaining a plurality of n x n pixel arrays according to all pixel points of the gray level image; n is not less than 2 and is less than a preset first threshold; two adjacent pixel arraysWith m pixel overlap points, said m being equal to n2-n。
Preferably, n is 2 to 5;
s2: respectively fusing all pixel points in each pixel array to obtain a plurality of fused pixel points; acquiring a first pixel value of a fusion pixel point corresponding to each pixel array;
the S2 specifically includes:
respectively obtaining light intensity values of all pixel points in each pixel array to obtain a plurality of first light intensity values; the first light intensity value is the sum of the light intensity values of all the pixel points in the pixel array.
S205: judging whether the first light intensity value is larger than a preset light intensity threshold value, if not, executing the step S3;
if yes, the step S1, S2, S205 are repeated by decreasing n by one.
Wherein the light intensity threshold is the maximum light intensity value of the pixel point multiplied by 0.8;
s3: and updating the pixel value of the pixel point at the preset position in each pixel array of the image to be the first pixel value corresponding to each pixel array to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio enhanced image.
The S3 specifically includes:
and updating the light intensity value corresponding to the pixel point at the preset position in each pixel array of the image to be the first light intensity value corresponding to each pixel array to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio enhanced image.
The preset position is the position of the pixel point at the top left corner/the position of the pixel point at the bottom left corner/the position of the pixel point at the top right corner/the position of the pixel point at the bottom right corner of each pixel array.
In an embodiment of specific application, preferably, n is 2, as shown in fig. 3, a1, a2, b1 and b2 are a2 × 2 pixel array; a2, a3, b2 and b3 are a2 x 2 pixel array; b1, b2, c1 and c2 are a2 x 2 pixel array; b2, b3, c2 and c3 are a2 x 2 pixel array; the two adjacent pixel arrays are provided with m overlapped pixel points, and m is 2 x 2-2; the light intensity values of the pixel points a1, a2, b1 and b2 are accumulated to obtain a first light intensity value, the first light intensity value is given to the pixel point a1, the given signal intensity of a1 is 4 times that of the original signal intensity, but the noise is only 2 times, and therefore the signal-to-noise ratio is improved by 2 times. Similarly, the light intensity values of the pixel points a2, a3, b2 and b3 are accumulated to obtain a second light intensity value, and the second light intensity value is given to the pixel point a 2; and accumulating the light intensity values of the pixel points a3, a3, b3 and b3 to obtain a third light intensity value, giving the third light intensity value to the pixel point a3, accumulating the light intensity values of the pixel points b1, b2, c1 and c2 to obtain a second light intensity value, and giving the second light intensity value to the pixel point b 1. And similarly, the same process is carried out on other pixel points by analogy. The result of the evaluation is that the number of pixels remains the same, i.e. the resolution of the image remains unchanged.
Referring to fig. 2, the second embodiment of the present invention is:
the invention provides an image signal-to-noise ratio enhancement terminal, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program which is stored on the memory and can be run on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to realize the following steps:
s1: obtaining a plurality of n x n pixel arrays according to a preset image; two adjacent pixel arrays have m pixel overlapping points, m being equal to n2-n；
The S1 specifically includes:
acquiring an image output by a weak light detector, wherein the image is a gray image;
obtaining a plurality of n x n pixel arrays according to all pixel points of the gray level image; n is not less than 2 and is less than a preset first threshold; two adjacent pixel arrays have m pixel overlapping points, m being equal to n2-n。
Preferably, n is 2 to 5;
s2: respectively fusing all pixel points in each pixel array to obtain a plurality of fused pixel points; acquiring a first pixel value of a fusion pixel point corresponding to each pixel array;
the S2 specifically includes:
respectively obtaining light intensity values of all pixel points in each pixel array to obtain a plurality of first light intensity values; the first light intensity value is the sum of the light intensity values of all the pixel points in the pixel array.
S205: judging whether the first light intensity value is larger than a preset light intensity threshold value, if not, executing the step S3;
if yes, the step S1, S2, S205 are repeated by decreasing n by one.
Wherein the light intensity threshold is the maximum light intensity value of the pixel point multiplied by 0.8;
s3: and updating the pixel value of the pixel point at the preset position in each pixel array of the image to be the first pixel value corresponding to each pixel array to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio enhanced image.
The S3 specifically includes:
and updating the light intensity value corresponding to the pixel point at the preset position in each pixel array of the image to be the first light intensity value corresponding to each pixel array to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio enhanced image.
The preset position is the position of the pixel point at the top left corner/the position of the pixel point at the bottom left corner/the position of the pixel point at the top right corner/the position of the pixel point at the bottom right corner of each pixel array.
In summary, according to the method and the terminal for enhancing the image signal to noise ratio provided by the present invention, a plurality of n × n pixel arrays are obtained according to a preset image, all pixel points in each pixel array are fused to obtain a fusion pixel point and a first pixel value corresponding to the fusion pixel point, the pixel value of the pixel point at the preset position of each pixel array is set as the first pixel value, the signal intensity of the corresponding pixel point of the image is enhanced by n × n times, and the noise of the pixel point is enhanced by n times
The invention can not increase or decrease the number of image pixel points, namely, the resolution of the image is not affected, so that the FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) of the detector can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the image according to the method, thereby improving the weak light imaging capability of the detector.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio of an image is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: obtaining a plurality of n x n pixel arrays according to a preset image; two adjacent pixel arrays have m pixel overlapping points, m being equal to n2-n；
S2: respectively fusing all pixel points in each pixel array to obtain a plurality of fused pixel points; acquiring a first pixel value of a fusion pixel point corresponding to each pixel array;
s3: and updating the pixel value of the pixel point at the preset position in each pixel array of the image to be the first pixel value corresponding to each pixel array to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio enhanced image.
2. The method for enhancing signal-to-noise ratio of an image according to claim 1, wherein the S1 specifically comprises:
acquiring an image output by a weak light detector, wherein the image is a gray image;
obtaining a plurality of n x n pixel arrays according to all pixel points of the gray level image; n is not less than 2 and is less than a preset first threshold; two adjacent pixel arrays have m pixel overlapping points, m being equal to n2-n。
3. The method for enhancing signal-to-noise ratio of an image according to claim 2, wherein the S2 specifically comprises:
respectively obtaining light intensity values of all pixel points in each pixel array to obtain a plurality of first light intensity values; the first light intensity value is the sum of the light intensity values of all the pixel points in the pixel array.
4. The method for enhancing signal-to-noise ratio of an image according to claim 3, wherein the step S3 specifically comprises:
and updating the light intensity value corresponding to the pixel point at the preset position in each pixel array of the image to be the first light intensity value corresponding to each pixel array to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio enhanced image.
5. The method for enhancing signal-to-noise ratio of image as claimed in claim 3, further comprising between S2 and S3:
s205: judging whether the first light intensity value is larger than a preset light intensity threshold value, if not, executing the step S3;
if yes, the step S1, S2, S205 are repeated by decreasing n by one.
6. An image signal-to-noise enhancement terminal, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and operable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the following steps:
s1: obtaining a plurality of n x n pixel arrays according to a preset image; two adjacent pixel arrays have m pixel overlapping points, m being equal to n2-n；
S2: respectively fusing all pixel points in each pixel array to obtain a plurality of fused pixel points; acquiring a first pixel value of a fusion pixel point corresponding to each pixel array;
s3: and updating the pixel value of the pixel point at the preset position in each pixel array of the image to be the first pixel value corresponding to each pixel array to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio enhanced image.
7. The terminal for enhancing signal-to-noise ratio of images according to claim 6, wherein the S1 is specifically:
acquiring an image output by a weak light detector, wherein the image is a gray image;
obtaining all pixel points of the gray level imageA plurality of n x n pixel arrays; n is not less than 2 and is less than a preset first threshold; two adjacent pixel arrays have m pixel overlapping points, m being equal to n2-n。
8. The terminal for enhancing signal-to-noise ratio of images according to claim 7, wherein the S2 is specifically:
respectively obtaining light intensity values of all pixel points in each pixel array to obtain a plurality of first light intensity values; the first light intensity value is the sum of the light intensity values of all the pixel points in the pixel array.
9. The terminal for enhancing signal-to-noise ratio of images according to claim 8, wherein the S3 is specifically:
and updating the light intensity value corresponding to the pixel point at the preset position in each pixel array of the image to be the first light intensity value corresponding to each pixel array to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio enhanced image.
10. The terminal for enhancing signal-to-noise ratio of image according to claim 8, further comprising between S2 and S3:
s205: judging whether the first light intensity value is larger than a preset light intensity threshold value, if not, executing the step S3;
if yes, the step S1, S2, S205 are repeated by decreasing n by one.
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