CN108269229B - Pixel position distribution optimization method for panoramic image or video - Google Patents
Pixel position distribution optimization method for panoramic image or video Download PDFInfo
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- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/47—End-user applications
- H04N21/485—End-user interface for client configuration
- H04N21/4854—End-user interface for client configuration for modifying image parameters, e.g. image brightness, contrast
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
- H04N21/81—Monomedia components thereof
- H04N21/8146—Monomedia components thereof involving graphical data, e.g. 3D object, 2D graphics
Abstract
The invention discloses a pixel position distribution optimization method of a panoramic image or video, belonging to the technical field of computer multimedia information processing, which comprises the following specific steps: s1: using shooting equipment to obtain pixel values of Euclidean coordinate points (x, y, z) on the spherical surface, and storing the pixel values on a rectangular plane with pixel points; s2: deducing the latitude value of each row of pixel points on the spherical surface; s3: controlling the degree of concentration of pixels to the vicinity of the equator by using an S (beta) function; s4: the method and the device map the pixel points of the rectangular plane to the spherical surface for playing, so that the distribution of the pixel points of the spherical panoramic video on the spherical surface is more optimized, namely the pixel points near the equator of the spherical surface are denser, and the pixel points near the two poles of the spherical surface are sparser, and the method and the device are more in line with the watching habits of users.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of computer multimedia information processing, in particular to a pixel position distribution optimization method for a panoramic image or video.
Background
Panoramic video is a representation of Virtual Reality (VR) that presents a 720 ° scene to the viewer, giving the viewer an immersive viewing experience. At present, a panoramic video is usually in a spherical projection mode. When the spherical display equipment is available, the panoramic video adopting the spherical projection mode can be directly played on the spherical display equipment. When there is no spherical display device, only a flat display device, a compromise playing method may be used, i.e. it is assumed that the flat display device is a window through which the user can only see a part of the panoramic view. The user can control the view angle of the user in the panoramic view field by means of mouse dragging and the like.
On the other hand, panoramic video is still represented and stored in a rectangular plane mode, namely, a spherical surface is mapped into a rectangular plane when the panoramic video is manufactured. After the mapping from "sphere → moment" the image appears more severely distorted, however this distortion is desirable because it automatically disappears if the video is played on a sphere player. If the video is played through a "view-window panoramic player", the player will project a sub-area of the panoramic video onto the viewing plane according to the viewing angle selected by the user, which is called inverse distortion. After transformation, the density of the pixel points near the two poles of the spherical surface is higher, and the density of the pixel points near the equator of the spherical surface is lower. This situation is easy to understand because the pixel points at the upper edge of the rectangular plane are all mapped near the spherical north pole, and the pixel points at the lower edge of the rectangular plane are all mapped near the spherical south pole, which results in a high density of pixel points at the spherical poles and a low density of pixel points near the spherical equator. The unbalanced distribution of the pixel points on the spherical surface is just deviated from the viewing requirement of the spherical panoramic video, and the reason is that in most cases, users mainly view scenery near the equator in the spherical surface, the scenery located at the north pole of the spherical surface is generally sky or roof, and the scenery located at the south pole of the spherical surface is generally ground. Therefore, the imbalance of the distribution of the effective pixels causes less pixel points in the area which needs to be viewed by the user, and more pixel points in the area which does not need to be viewed by the user. For this reason, we propose a pixel position distribution optimization method of a panoramic image or video to be put into use to solve the above-mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pixel position distribution optimization method for panoramic images or videos, and aims to solve the problems that pixel point distribution of spherical panoramic images/videos proposed in the background art is unbalanced, the pixel point density near two poles of a spherical surface is high, the pixel point density near the equator of the spherical surface is low, and the viewing requirements of users are not met.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a pixel position distribution optimization method for a panoramic image or a video comprises the following specific steps:
s1: when a panoramic video is manufactured, a shooting device is used for obtaining pixel values of Euclidean coordinate points (x, y, z) on a spherical surface, and the pixel values are stored on a rectangular plane with pixel points;
s2: deducing the latitude value of each row of pixel points on the spherical surface, and determining the specific position of the pixel row on the latitude;
s3: controlling the degree of concentration of pixels to the vicinity of the equator by using an S (beta) function;
s4: when the panoramic video is played, the pixel points of the rectangular plane are mapped to the spherical surface for playing.
Preferably, in the step S2, when the number of the pixel rows on the rectangular plane is odd, the row number is set to (…, -2, -1,0,1,2, …), and the latitude of the 0 th row is set to be (…, -2, -1,0,1,2, …)
α0=0
The latitude angle of row 1 is
The weft angle of the 2 nd row is
The latitude angle of the-1 st row is
The latitude angle of the-2 nd row is
When the number of rows of pixels in the moment plane is even, the row number is set to (…, -2, -1,1,2, …), and the latitude of the 1 st row is
The latitude of row 2 is
The latitude of line-1 is
The latitude of the-2 line is
Where c is the number of pixel columns and S is the control function.
Preferably, in step S3, any control function S (β) satisfying the following 4 conditions may be used as a function of the degree of concentration of the control pixel point to the vicinity of the equator of the sphere:
in an S (beta) function, the S (beta) is an increasing function when beta is greater than 0, and is a decreasing function when beta is less than 0;
⑵S(β)>0;
s (β) is a convex-down function with x ═ 0 as axis symmetry;
s (beta) should satisfy the conditionFor a rectangular plane with R rows and c columns of pixel points, and assuming that the radius of the spherical surface is R, the area of the spherical surface is 4 pi R2The spherical area occupied by each row of pixels isWill be provided withSubstitution intoTo obtainRepresents the spherical area occupied by each row of pixels, andand also represents the spherical area occupied by each column of pixel points.
Preferably, in step S4, if the coordinate of any point on the rectangular plane is (x, y), and the spherical coordinate corresponding to the point is (x, y, R), then the coordinate is (x, y, R)
Wherein R is the spherical radius, C is the number of pixel columns, the spherical coordinates (x, y, R) are transformed into Euclidean coordinates (x, y, z),
the coordinate origin is located at the center of a sphere, the x-axis direction is located right below the coordinate origin, the y-axis direction is located east, the z-axis direction is located right ahead, and the x ', y ' and z ' correspond to the positions of pixel points in three-dimensional coordinates.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the spherical panoramic video processing method, the distribution of the pixel points of the spherical panoramic video on the spherical surface is optimized, namely the pixel points near the equator of the spherical surface are dense, and the pixel points near the two poles of the spherical surface are sparse, so that the viewing habit of a user is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a spherical pixel distribution according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a pixel position distribution optimization method for a panoramic image or a video comprises the following specific steps:
s1: when a panoramic video is manufactured, a shooting device is used for obtaining pixel values of Euclidean coordinate points (x, y, z) on a spherical surface, and the pixel values are stored on a rectangular plane with pixel points;
s2: deducing latitude value of each row of pixel points on the spherical surface, defining concrete position of pixel row on latitude, when the number of pixel point rows on the rectangular plane is odd, setting row number as (…, -2, -1,0,1,2, …), then latitude of 0 th row is
α0=0
The latitude angle of row 1 is
The weft angle of the 2 nd row is
The latitude angle of the-1 st row is
The latitude angle of the-2 nd row is
When the number of rows of pixels in the moment plane is even, the row number is set to (…, -2, -1,1,2, …), and the latitude of the 1 st row is
The latitude of row 2 is
The latitude of line-1 is
The latitude of the-2 line is
Where c is the number of pixel columns and S is the control function.
S3: referring to fig. 2, four adjacent pixel points ABCD are arbitrarily taken on the sphere, wherein the arcs of AB and CD are horizontal lines (actually arcs of a horizontal circle section) on the sphere, and the arcs of AC and BD are vertical lines (actually arcs of a vertical circle section) on the sphere. If the number of the pixel points on the unit spherical surface area is the same, one method is to make the spherical surface area enclosed by any four adjacent pixel points on the spherical surface equal, the spherical radius is R, A, B two points are positioned at the north latitude angle alpha, C, D two points are positioned at the north latitude angle beta, and c rows of pixel points are shared, then the spherical surface area enclosed by the ABCD isAfter integration, the result is obtainedIf the density of pixels near the equator of the sphere is required to be high, the sphereThe density of the pixel points near the two poles of the plane is low, that is, the spherical area S occupied by the unit pixel is required to be an increasing function of the dimension angle (north dimension, the spherical area S occupied by the unit pixel is required to be a decreasing function of the dimension angle if the dimension value of south dimension is negative), so that S in the formula is replaced by S (beta) to deduceOrFrom the above, any control function S (β) satisfying the following 4 conditions can be used as a function for controlling the concentration degree of the pixel points to the vicinity of the equator of the sphere:
in an S (beta) function, the S (beta) is an increasing function when beta is greater than 0, and is a decreasing function when beta is less than 0;
⑵S(β)>0;
s (β) is a convex-down function with x ═ 0 as axis symmetry;
s (beta) should satisfy the conditionFor a rectangular plane with R rows and c columns of pixel points, and assuming that the radius of the spherical surface is R, the area of the spherical surface is 4 pi R2The spherical area occupied by each row of pixels isWill be provided withSubstitution intoTo obtainRepresents the spherical area occupied by each row of pixels, andalso showing each column imageThe spherical area occupied by the prime point, so the above equation holds;
s4: when the panoramic video is played, mapping the pixel points of the rectangular plane to the spherical surface for playing, wherein the coordinate of any point on the rectangular plane is (x, y), and the coordinate of the sphere corresponding to the point is (x, y, R), and then
Wherein R is the spherical radius, c is the number of pixel columns, the spherical coordinates (x, y, R) are transformed into Euclidean coordinates (x, y, z),
the coordinate origin is located at the center of a sphere, the x-axis direction is located right below the coordinate origin, the y-axis direction is located east, the z-axis direction is located right ahead, and the x ', y ' and z ' correspond to the positions of pixel points in three-dimensional coordinates.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (2)
1. A pixel position distribution optimization method for a panoramic image or video is characterized by comprising the following steps: the pixel position distribution optimization method of the panoramic image or the video comprises the following specific steps:
s1: when a panoramic video is manufactured, a shooting device is used for obtaining pixel values of Euclidean coordinate points (x, y, z) on a spherical surface, and the pixel values are stored on a rectangular plane with pixel points;
s2: deducing latitude value of each row of pixel points on the spherical surface, defining concrete position of pixel row on latitude, when the number of pixel point rows on the rectangular plane is odd, setting row number as (…, -2, -1,0,1,2, …), then latitude of 0 th row is
α0=0
The latitude angle of row 1 is
The weft angle of the 2 nd row is
The latitude angle of the-1 st row is
The latitude angle of the-2 nd row is
When the number of rows of pixels in the moment plane is even, the row number is set to (…, -2, -1,1,2, …), and the latitude of the 1 st row is
The latitude of row 2 is
The latitude of line-1 is
The latitude of the-2 line is
Wherein c is the number of pixel columns and S is a control function;
s3: the S (beta) function is used for controlling the concentration degree of the pixels to the vicinity of the equator, and any control function S (beta) meeting the following 4 conditions can be used as a function for controlling the concentration degree of the pixels to the vicinity of the equator of the sphere:
in an S (beta) function, the S (beta) is an increasing function when beta is greater than 0, and is a decreasing function when beta is less than 0;
⑵S(β)>0;
s (β) is a convex-down function with x ═ 0 as axis symmetry;
s (beta) should satisfy the conditionFor a rectangular plane with R rows and c columns of pixel points, and assuming that the radius of the spherical surface is R, the area of the spherical surface is 4 pi R2The spherical area occupied by each row of pixels isWill be provided withSubstitution intoTo obtainRepresents the spherical area occupied by each row of pixels, andalso represents the spherical area occupied by each row of pixel points, so the above equation is established;
s4: when the panoramic video is played, the pixel points of the rectangular plane are mapped to the spherical surface for playing.
2. The method of optimizing pixel location distribution of a panoramic image or video according to claim 1, wherein: in step S4, if the coordinate of any point on the rectangular plane is (x, y), the corresponding spherical coordinate is (x, y, R), and then
Wherein R is the spherical radius, c is the number of pixel columns, the spherical coordinates (x, y, R) are transformed into Euclidean coordinates (x, y, z),
the coordinate origin is located at the center of a sphere, the x-axis direction is located right below the coordinate origin, the y-axis direction is located east, the z-axis direction is located right ahead, and the x ', y ' and z ' correspond to the positions of pixel points in three-dimensional coordinates.
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