CN108268713B - Model machine design method based on diesel engine combustion similarity theory and model machine - Google Patents
Model machine design method based on diesel engine combustion similarity theory and model machine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a design method of a scaling model machine based on a diesel engine combustion similarity theory, which comprises the following steps: building a model machine corresponding to the prototype machine, the model machine and the prototype machine having any one or more of the following relationships: the geometry is similar; the boundary conditions are similar; the medium conditions are the same; the piston speeds in dimensionless form remain equal at the corresponding crank angle; the oil injection rules are the same; the vortex ratio is the same; the combustion lag period is the same; the same effect is caused by heat transfer loss. The invention also provides a scaling model diesel engine manufactured by the method for designing the scaling model engine based on the diesel engine combustion similarity theory. The invention can reproduce the spray combustion and emission characteristics of the target prototype machine and map the spray combustion and emission characteristics back to the prototype machine by using the reduced-scale model machine, thereby reducing the cost of the development process of parts and the optimization process of the whole machine of a large-scale diesel engine and simultaneously having guiding significance for the intensification of the research and development of diesel engine products with different cylinder diameters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of diesel engines and similarity research, in particular to a design method of a model machine based on a diesel engine combustion similarity theory and the model machine. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for designing a scaling model machine based on a diesel engine combustion similarity theory in engineering application practice, which belongs to the field of diesel engines and similarity research, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the subject matter of the present invention and its corresponding object of protection are related methods and related products, and are protected by corresponding method claims and product claims, and in the preferred embodiment, the essence of protection is a method for designing a scaling model machine based on a diesel engine combustion similarity theory and a technical scheme of its corresponding product, and in particular, it refers to a method for constructing or a method for constructing a scaling model machine.
Background
Optimizing the spray combustion process of the diesel engine is an important measure for meeting increasingly strict emission regulations and improving fuel economy, and has important significance for saving energy, reducing emission and protecting the environment. However, in the development process of the large diesel engine, due to the large volume and high cost, it is difficult to directly perform a large number of tests by using a prototype machine to complete the corresponding optimization design task, so that the development process of the combustion system of the large diesel engine consumes a large amount of manpower and financial resources. Although international literature tries to realize the similarity of combustion and emission among diesel engines with different sizes, the international literature lacks theoretical demonstration and does not summarize the design method of a model machine; domestic patents on reproducing the spray combustion and emission characteristics of the target prototype and mapping back to the prototype using a reduced scale model are even more blank.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a design method of a model machine based on a diesel engine combustion similarity theory and the model machine.
The design method of the scaling model machine based on the diesel engine combustion similarity theory provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
building a model machine corresponding to the prototype machine, the model machine and the prototype machine having any one or more of the following relationships:
-geometric similarity;
-the boundary conditions are similar;
the medium conditions are the same;
-the piston speeds in dimensionless form remain equal at the corresponding crank angle;
-the oil injection laws are the same;
-the swirl ratio is the same;
the same burn-lag phase;
the same effect is caused by heat transfer losses;
the diesel combustion similarity theory describes the diesel diffusion combustion process based on the following control equation:
in the formula: superscript denotes dimensionless physical quantities; d*Calculating a sign for the dimensionless differential; rho is density; rho*Is a dimensionless density; t is time; t is t*Dimensionless time;
calculating a sign for the dimensionless gradient; u is a velocity vector; u. of*Is a dimensionless velocity vector; re is Reynolds number; p is pressure, expressed as the sum of the average pressure p (t) in the cylinder and the local pulsating pressure Δ p (t, x); from dimensional theory by p0u0 2Dimensionless to the reference value Δ p (t, x) to obtain dimensionless local pulse pressure Δ p (t, x)*；p*Is a dimensionless pressure; t is the temperature; t is*Is a dimensionless temperature; pr is the Plantt number; gamma is the adiabatic index; p is a radical of*(t) is a dimensionless function of pressure with respect to time; br is the number of Buringman; huIs the low heat value of the fuel oil; c. CpIs the average specific heat of the gas in the cylinder; f1Is the local mass fraction of the fuel oil; fiIs a local mass fraction; sc is the Schmidt number; )cIndicating a change in chemical composition caused by combustion; the subscript 0 represents a reference value of the physical quantity; t is0Is a reference temperature; rho0Is a reference density; x is the number of0Is a reference length; u. of0Is a reference speed; t is t0Is defined as reference time
μtIs the viscosity of the vortex; k is a radical oftIs the thermal conductivity of the eddy current; ditIs the diffusivity of the vortex;
is a dimensionless low heating value;
reynolds number Re, Prandtl number Pr, Blackman number Br, Schmidt number Sc of the prototype and the model, and dimensionless lower calorific value
The values are equal.
Preferably, the state of the diesel engine when the compression stroke intake valve is closed in the operation process is designated as a reference state, and the value of each state parameter in the reference state is a reference value;
for premixed combustion, the prototype and the model machineAlso satisfies the first criterion Da of DamkohlerIThe numerical values are equal;
the first norm of Darmkohler is summarized by: for premixed combustion, the mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations maintain the same form as for diffusion combustion; the component change term caused by combustion in the chemical component conservation equation is correspondingly modified, and the chemical reaction is used as a source term.
Preferably, the cylinder diameter, the stroke, the connecting rod length, the crankshaft radius, the spray hole length and the spray hole diameter of the prototype and the model are scaled according to a similar proportion r;
the combustion chamber of the prototype machine and the combustion chamber of the model machine have the same shape and the volume is in accordance with the similar proportion r3Zooming; the compression ratio, the valve position, the valve opening and closing time, the number of cylinders, the number of oil sprayers, the spray hole positions, the spray hole distribution and the spray hole number of the prototype machine and the model machine are the same.
Preferably, the air-fuel ratio between the prototype machine and the model machine and the dimensionless lower heating value are realized by using the same fuel for the prototype machine and the model machine
The values are equal.
Preferably, the piston speeds of the prototype and model machines in dimensionless form at the corresponding crank angles are kept equal by:
in the formula: n is the rotation speed of the diesel engine; d is the cylinder diameter of the diesel engine; u. of0Is the average injection velocity of the fuel; co indicates that the piston velocities in dimensionless form of prototype and model are correspondingly equal.
Preferably, the same injection law includes the following:
-the dimensionless fuel injection laws are the same;
the advance angles of the oil injection are the same;
the injection durations are identical;
-the fuel injection amount per cycle satisfies the following formula:
mf∝ρ0D3
in the formula: m isfIs the fuel injection amount per cycle; rho0Is a reference density; d is the cylinder diameter of the diesel engine; and oc is a proportional sign.
Preferably, the same vortex ratio of the prototype machine and the model machine is realized by correcting the shape of the prototype machine and/or the air inlet passage of the model machine;
the ignition accelerant is used for the prototype machine and/or the model machine, so that the same slow burning period of the prototype machine and the model machine is realized;
the same influence caused by the heat transfer loss of the prototype machine and the model machine is realized by correcting the cylinder wall temperature, the cooling water temperature and the cylinder material of the prototype machine and/or the model machine.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: mapping the combustion and emission characteristics of the model machine back to the prototype machine;
when the geometry of the prototype machine is not similar to that of the model machine, the same compression ratio is ensured by changing the valve opening and closing time of the prototype machine and/or the model machine, and the similarity of combustion and discharge between the prototype machine and the model machine is realized.
The invention also provides a scaling model diesel engine which comprises a combustion chamber, a spray hole and an oil injection system and is manufactured according to the design method of the scaling model diesel engine.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the design method of the scaling model machine based on the diesel engine combustion similarity theory can reproduce the spray combustion and emission characteristics of the target prototype machine and map the spray combustion and emission characteristics back to the prototype machine by using the scaling model machine with a reduced proportion, thereby reducing the cost of the development process of parts and the whole machine optimization process of a large diesel engine.
2. The design method of the scaling model machine based on the diesel engine combustion similarity theory has guiding significance for intensification of research and development of diesel engine products with different cylinder diameters.
3. The design method of the scaling model machine based on the diesel engine combustion similarity theory can be carried out on the existing model machine stand, and has the advantages of high economy and strong feasibility.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a two-dimensional schematic view of a prototype and model machine according to the present invention; in the figure, r is a similar ratio, DmIs the cylinder diameter of the model machine DpThe diameter of the original machine cylinder;
FIG. 2 is a two-dimensional cross-sectional view of a combustion chamber configuration of a model machine.
The figures show that:
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The invention provides a design method of a scaling model machine based on a diesel engine combustion similarity theory, which comprises the following steps: building a model machine 2 corresponding to the prototype machine 1, the model machine 2 and the prototype machine 1 having any one or more of the following relationships: the geometry is similar; the boundary conditions are similar; the medium conditions are the same; the piston speeds in dimensionless form remain equal at the corresponding crank angle; the oil injection rules are the same; the vortex ratio is the same; the combustion lag period is the same; the same effect is caused by heat transfer loss.
The diesel engine combustion similarity theory describes the diesel engine diffusion combustion process based on the following dimensionless fundamental control equations (mass conservation, momentum conservation, energy conservation and chemical composition conservation equations):
in the formula: superscript denotes dimensionless physical quantities; d*Calculating a sign for the dimensionless differential; rho is density; rho*Is a dimensionless density; is time; t is t*Dimensionless time;
calculating a sign for the dimensionless gradient; u is a velocity vector; u. of*Is a dimensionless velocity vector; re is Reynolds number; p is pressure, expressed as the sum of the average pressure p (t) in the cylinder and the local pulsating pressure Δ p (t, x); from dimensional theory by p0u0 2Dimensionless to the reference value Δ p (t, x) to obtain dimensionless local pulse pressure Δ p (t, x)*；p*Is a dimensionless pressure; t is the temperature; t is*Is a dimensionless temperature; pr is the Plantt number; gamma is the adiabatic index; p is a radical of*(t) is a dimensionless function of pressure with respect to time; br is the number of Buringman; huIs the low heat value of the fuel oil; c. CpIs the average specific heat of the gas in the cylinder; f1Is the local mass fraction of the fuel oil; fiIn the actual identification, subscripts 1, 2 and 3 can be used for representing fuel oil, air and combustion products respectively; sc is the Schmidt number; ()cIndicating a change in chemical composition caused by combustion; the subscript 0 represents a reference value of the physical quantity; t is0Is a reference temperature; rho0Is a reference density; x is the number of0Is a reference lengthDegree; u. of0Is a reference speed; t is t0Is defined as reference time
μtIs the viscosity of the vortex; k is a radical oftIs the thermal conductivity of the eddy current; ditIs the diffusivity of the vortex;
is a dimensionless low heating value.
5 dimensionless numbers in the diffusion combustion process of the diesel engine are obtained, namely the Reynolds number Re, the Prandtl number Pr, the Brilliman number Br, the Schmidt number Sc and the dimensionless low heat value
The prototype 1 and the model 2 should ensure Reynolds number Re, Prandtl number Pr, Blackman number Br, Schmidt number Sc and dimensionless low heat value
The values are equal.
In the embodiment, the state of closing an air inlet valve of a compression stroke in the running process of the diesel engine is designated as a reference state, and the value of each state parameter in the reference state is a reference value; for premixed combustion, the prototype 1 and the model 2 also satisfy the first criterion Da of DamkohlerIThe numerical values are equal; the first norm Da of DarmkohlerIThe summary is given by: for premixed combustion, the mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations maintain the same form as for diffusion combustion; the component change term caused by combustion in the chemical component conservation equation is correspondingly modified, and the chemical reaction is used as a source term.
The cylinder diameter, the stroke, the length of a connecting rod, the radius of a crankshaft, the length of a spray hole 4 and the diameter of the spray hole 4 of the prototype machine 1 and the model machine 2 are scaled according to a similar proportion r; the combustion chamber 3 of the prototype 1 and the combustion chamber 3 of the model 2 have the same shape and volume according to the similar proportion r3Zooming; compression ratio, valve position, valve opening and closing time and cylinder number of the prototype machine 1 and the model machine 2The number of the oil injectors, the positions of the spray holes 4, the distribution of the spray holes 4 and the number of the spray holes 4 are the same. The prototype 1 and the model machine 2 use the same fuel oil to ensure the air-fuel ratio and the dimensionless low heat value of the prototype 1 and the model machine 2
The values are equal.
The piston speeds of the prototype 1 and the model 2 in dimensionless form at the corresponding crank angles are kept equal by:
in the formula: n is the rotation speed of the diesel engine; d is the cylinder diameter of the diesel engine; u. of0Is the average injection velocity of the fuel; co indicates that the piston velocities of the prototype 1 and the model 2 are correspondingly equal in a dimensionless manner. It is noted that co herein merely means the corresponding equality on the prototype 1 and model machine 2, and does not mean that the values on the prototype 1 or model machine 2 are constant over time.
The same oil injection law comprises the following contents: the dimensionless fuel injection laws are the same; the advance angles of oil injection are the same; the oil injection durations are the same; the fuel injection amount per cycle satisfies the following formula:
mf∝ρ0D3
in the formula: m isfIs the fuel injection amount per cycle; rho0Is a reference density; d is the cylinder diameter of the diesel engine; and oc is a proportional sign.
The method comprises the following steps of correcting the shape of an air inlet channel of a prototype machine 1 and/or a model machine 2 to realize the same vortex ratio of the prototype machine 1 and the model machine 2; the ignition accelerator is used for the prototype machine 1 and/or the model machine 2, so that the same stagnation period of the prototype machine 1 and the model machine 2 is realized; the same effect of heat transfer loss between the prototype machine 1 and the model machine 2 is achieved by correcting the cylinder wall temperature, the cooling water temperature, and the cylinder material of the prototype machine 1 and/or the model machine 2.
The design method of the scaling model machine based on the diesel engine combustion similarity theory further comprises the following steps: mapping the combustion and emission characteristics of the model machine 2 back to the prototype machine 1; when the prototype machine 1 is not similar to the model machine 2 in geometry, the same compression ratio is ensured by changing the valve opening and closing time of the prototype machine 1 and/or the model machine 2, and the similarity of combustion and discharge between the prototype machine 1 and the model machine 2 is realized.
The invention also provides a scaling model diesel engine which comprises a combustion chamber 3, a spray hole 4 and an oil injection system 5 and is manufactured according to the design method of the scaling model engine based on the diesel engine combustion similarity theory.
The design method of the scaling model machine based on the diesel engine combustion similarity theory provided by the invention can be realized by the following steps:
wherein, the method 1 requires the rotation speed of the prototype machine 1 to be the same as that of the model machine 2; method 2 requires that the prototype 1 and the model 2 have the same flame rise length; method 3 requires that the prototype 1 and the model machine 2 have the same injection pressure.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (3)
1. A design method of a scaling model machine based on a diesel engine combustion similarity theory is characterized by comprising the following steps:
building a model machine corresponding to the prototype machine, the model machine and the prototype machine having any one or more of the following relationships:
-geometric similarity;
-the boundary conditions are similar;
the medium conditions are the same;
-the piston speeds in dimensionless form remain equal at the corresponding crank angle;
-the oil injection laws are the same;
-the swirl ratio is the same;
the same burn-lag phase;
the same effect is caused by heat transfer losses;
the diesel combustion similarity theory describes the diesel diffusion combustion process based on the following control equation:
in the formula: Δ p is the local pulsating pressure; superscript denotes dimensionless physical quantities; d*Calculating a sign for the dimensionless differential; rho is density; rho*Is a dimensionless density; t is time; t is t*Dimensionless time;
calculating a sign for the dimensionless gradient; u is a velocity vector; u. of*Is a dimensionless velocity vector; re is Reynolds number; p is pressure, expressed as the sum of the average pressure p (t) in the cylinder and the local pulsating pressure Δ p (t, x); from dimensional theory by p0u0 2Dimensionless to the reference value Δ p (t, x) to obtain dimensionless local pulse pressure Δ p (t, x)*；p*Is a dimensionless pressure; t is the temperature; t is*Is a dimensionless temperature; pr is the Plantt number; gamma is the adiabatic index; p is a radical of*(t) is a dimensionless function of pressure with respect to time; br is the number of Buringman; huIs the low heat value of the fuel oil; c. CpIs the average specific heat of the gas in the cylinder; f1Is the local mass fraction of the fuel oil; fiIs a local mass fraction; sc is the Schmidt number; ()cIndicating a change in chemical composition caused by combustion; the subscript 0 represents a reference value of the physical quantity; t is0Is a reference temperature; rho0Is a reference density; x is the number of0Is a reference length; u. of0Is a reference speed; t is t0Is defined as reference time
μtIs the viscosity of the vortex; k is a radical oftIs the thermal conductivity of the eddy current; ditIs the diffusivity of the vortex;
is a dimensionless low heating value;
reynolds number Re, Prandtl number Pr, Blackman number Br, Schmidt number Sc of the prototype and the model, and dimensionless lower calorific value
The numerical values are equal;
the method comprises the steps that the state when an air inlet valve of a compression stroke is closed in the running process of the diesel engine is designated as a reference state, and the value of each state parameter in the reference state is a reference value;
for premixed combustion, the prototype and model machines also satisfy the first criterion Da of DamkohlerIThe numerical values are equal;
the first norm of Darmkohler is summarized by: for premixed combustion, the mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations maintain the same form as for diffusion combustion; correspondingly modifying a component change term caused by combustion in a chemical component conservation equation, and taking a chemical reaction as a source term;
the cylinder diameter, the stroke, the length of a connecting rod, the radius of a crankshaft, the length of a spray hole and the diameter of the spray hole of the prototype machine and the model machine are scaled according to a similar proportion r;
the combustion chamber of the prototype machine and the combustion chamber of the model machine have the same shape and the volume is in accordance with the similar proportion r3Zooming; the compression ratio, the valve position, the valve opening and closing time, the number of cylinders, the number of oil injectors, the spray hole positions, the spray hole distribution and the spray hole number of the prototype machine and the model machine are the same;
the same fuel oil is used for the prototype machine and the model machine to realize the air-fuel ratio between the prototype machine and the model machine and the dimensionless low heat value
The numerical values are equal;
the piston speeds of the prototype and the model are kept equal in a dimensionless manner at the corresponding crank angle by:
in the formula: n is the rotation speed of the diesel engine; d is the cylinder diameter of the diesel engine; u. of0Is the average injection velocity of the fuel; const represents that the piston speeds of the prototype machine and the model machine in a dimensionless form are correspondingly equal;
the same vortex ratio of the prototype machine and the model machine is realized by correcting the shape of the prototype machine and/or the air inlet passage of the model machine;
the ignition accelerant is used for the prototype machine and/or the model machine, so that the same slow burning period of the prototype machine and the model machine is realized;
the cylinder wall temperature, the cooling water temperature and the cylinder material of the prototype machine and/or the model machine are corrected, so that the same influence caused by the heat transfer loss of the prototype machine and the model machine is realized;
also comprises the following steps: mapping the combustion and emission characteristics of the model machine back to the prototype machine;
when the geometry of the prototype machine is not similar to that of the model machine, the same compression ratio is ensured by changing the valve opening and closing time of the prototype machine and/or the model machine, and the similarity of combustion and discharge between the prototype machine and the model machine is realized.
2. The design method of the scaling model machine based on the diesel engine combustion similarity theory as claimed in claim 1, wherein the same injection law comprises the following contents:
-the dimensionless fuel injection laws are the same;
the advance angles of the oil injection are the same;
the injection durations are identical;
-the fuel injection amount per cycle satisfies the following formula:
mf∝ρ0D3
in the formula: m isfIs the fuel injection amount per cycle; rho0Is a reference density; d is the cylinder diameter of the diesel engine; and oc is a proportional sign.
3. A diesel engine with a scaling model, comprising a combustion chamber, a nozzle hole and an oil injection system, wherein the diesel engine is manufactured according to the design method of the scaling model machine based on the diesel engine combustion similarity theory of any one of claims 1 to 2.
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| CN111473908A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-07-31 | 北京理工大学 | Pressure measuring device, method and system for pressure chamber of common rail fuel injector |
| CN111879520B (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2022-04-26 | 上海交通大学 | Mapping device and method for experimental design target of diesel engine similar proportion model |
| CN112146886A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-12-29 | 北京理工大学 | Method for determining oil injection pressure in low-temperature environment |
| CN114357748B (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-09-23 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Combustion system design method based on target heat release rate |
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| CN101368506A (en) * | 2008-05-10 | 2009-02-18 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Combustion system of directly jetting diesel engine |
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