CN108267797B - Method for restoring ancient landform of syngeneic normal fault development area - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of ancient landform restoration, and discloses a restoration method for ancient landforms in a syngeneic normal fault development area in a complex fault block. According to the method, the growth index of the syngeneic normal fault is calculated, the thickness of the descending disc is corrected through the ratio of the thickness of the descending disc to the growth index within the control range of the syngeneic normal fault descending disc, the ancient landform false image caused by the thickening of the descending disc stratum due to the gradual change of the syngeneic normal fault during the restoration of the ancient landform is eliminated, and the ancient landform is more reasonable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ancient landform restoration, in particular to a restoration method of ancient landform in a syngeneic normal fault development area.
Background
Ancient geomorphology studies are an important part of coupled analysis of architecture and deposition. In the land-phase fault basin, the ancient landforms influence the change of the containable space in the basin, and further control the dispersion process of sediments and the distribution pattern of sand bodies. Therefore, the restoration of the ancient landforms can help to determine the distribution condition of the underground reservoir, and has important guiding significance for oil and gas exploration and development.
At present, there are various methods for recovering ancient geomorphology, such as residual thickness method ("ancient geomorphology recovery and oil-gas enrichment law in the previous Jurassic period in the Bay of Zhou", Guo Shao et al, "Earth science, 3 rd stage in 2006, 377 th page 372), impression method (" ancient geomorphology recovery method and application — taking sand second segment in West region of Jinyang depression stake as an example ", Jiangzhenlong et al," modern geology ", 2009 5 th stage, 865-871 page), layer-drawing leveling method (" application of layer-drawing leveling method in ancient geomorphology recovery before deposition — taking triangle development area in Junyang depression east China as an example ", Li Jia Qiang, oil-gas geophysical, 2 nd stage in 2008, pages 46-49), layer-sequence stratigraphy (" application of layer-sequence stratigraphy in ancient geomorphology analysis, "Tahe Hao et al", Earth science oilfield analysis, "Earth science-2003, 4 th stage in 2003, 425 and 430 page 425), Sedimentology methods (ancient landform restoration technology method and research significance thereof-taking ancient landform research before Jurassic depositional in Eldos basin as an example, Zhao Xing et al, proceedings of academy of academic sciences, 3 th 2001, page 260 + 266), earth physics methods (land-phase lake basin source channel characteristic analysis based on seismic data, taking eastern slope in Bohai as an example, Zhuhongtao et al, Earth science, 2013, page 121 + 129) and the like have better application in restoration of ancient landform offices such as large-scale bumps and pits and determination of distribution of sedimentary systems.
However, inside the complex fault block of the fault basin, a plurality of small-scale simultaneous normal faults exist (the application of a plurality of key technologies in the complex fault block oil reservoir fine geological research, such as the King Jiagang oil field King 43 fault block area, Song dynasty and the like, petroleum geology and engineering, 2015 3, 90-94 pages and 148-149 pages), the development form of local ancient landforms is controlled, and the control effect on a sediment carrying path exists. In a local area of small-scale syngeneic normal fault development, the activity of the syngeneic normal fault, particularly the gradual activity period, has the characteristic of sedimentation and sedimentation, so that the characteristic of stratum thickening of a descent tray is commonly existed. At present, the influence of the small-scale syngeneic normal fault is not considered in the ancient landform restoration, and the accuracy of the ancient landform restoration and the guiding effect of the ancient landform restoration in the geological mapping development of the oil field are influenced.
Taking the current impression method with wide application in ancient landform restoration as an example, the method mainly comprises the following steps: firstly, extracting a stratum residual thickness map for apparent thickness correction, compacting and recovering on the basis to obtain the original stratum thickness, and finally carrying out ancient landform mapping by combining with ancient water depth correction. Wherein the extraction of the residual thickness is a key parameter for recovering the ancient landform. However, in the contemporaneous normal fault development region, if the contemporaneous fault subsides at the same time, the stratum is deposited at the same time, and the thickness of the fault descent disc is thickened. The ancient landform form shape is recovered by the residual thickness extracted in the contemporaneous normal fault development area, and because the thickness of the descent tray area is obviously increased, the recovered ancient landform has an obvious low-lying area in the descent tray area according to the ancient landform recovery basic principle. The real situation may be that the subsidence area of the descent tray is caused by gradual movement of the contemporaneous fault in the deposition process, namely, the settlement is carried out while moving, and the whole thickness of the descent tray is the result of accumulation of fault movement, so that the real landform form in the deposition process cannot be reflected, and the landform recovery result is misled. Therefore, the influence of the contemporaneous normal fault needs to be considered in the ancient landform restoration at present. Other ancient landform restoration methods have the same problems and are not repeatedly described.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the influence of a contemporaneous normal fault during ancient landform restoration, and provides a restoration method of ancient landform in a contemporaneous normal fault development area in a complex fault block.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for restoring ancient landforms in a syngeneic normal fault development region, the method comprising:
(1) setting a section line passing through the fault along the trend of the contemporaneous positive fault, and calculating the growth index of the contemporaneous positive fault according to the following formula according to the thickness of the layer of the ascending tray and the thickness of the layer of the descending tray of the contemporaneous positive fault;
growth index is descending disc stratum thickness/ascending disc stratum thickness
(2) Defining a control range of the section line in the region of the descending disc;
(3) correcting the thickness of the stratums of the syngeneic normal fault dip tray according to the following formula in the control range according to the growth index obtained in the step (1),
correcting the thickness as the descending disc stratum thickness/growth index;
(4) and (4) obtaining the corrected thickness of the stratum of the descending disc according to the step (3), and obtaining the corrected thickness of the residual stratum of the descending disc to perform ancient geomorphology mapping.
The method for recovering the ancient landform considers the influence of the gradient activity of the contemporaneous normal fault, is suitable for complex fault areas of the fractured basin, and provides guidance for improving the recovery ratio of the complex fault oil field.
The method provided by the invention eliminates the landform false image caused by the thickening of the descending tray of the gradient activity of the same-deposition fault, so that the landform is more reasonable, and the landform in the same-generation normal fault development area has no excessive and unreasonable height difference of the ancient landform.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method for recovering ancient landforms in a concurrent normal fault development area.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a correction to the drawdown tray formation thickness in a contemporaneous normal fault development zone using the method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a correction to the drawdown tray formation thickness in the contemporaneous normal fault development zone using the method of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
H1 rising disc formation thickness
H2 drawdown disk formation thickness
Corrected thickness of H3 drawdown tray formation
Detailed Description
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a method for recovering ancient landforms in a homoeogenic normal fault development area, which is particularly suitable for complex fault blocks, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) setting a section line passing through the fault along the trend of the contemporaneous positive fault, calculating the growth index of the contemporaneous positive fault according to the following formula according to the thickness of the layer of the ascending tray and the thickness of the layer of the descending tray of the contemporaneous positive fault,
growth index is descending disc stratum thickness/ascending disc stratum thickness;
(2) defining a control range of a section line in the region of the descending disc;
(3) correcting the thickness of the stratums of the syngeneic normal fault dip tray according to the following formula in the control range according to the growth index obtained in the step (1),
correcting the thickness as the descending disc stratum thickness/growth index;
(4) and (4) obtaining the corrected thickness of the stratum of the descending disc according to the step (3), and obtaining the corrected thickness of the residual stratum of the descending disc to perform ancient geomorphology mapping.
In the invention, the thickness of the layer of the ascending tray and the thickness of the layer of the descending tray of the contemporaneous normal fault in the step (1) can be obtained by a common technical means in the field, preferably by combining well drilling data and three-dimensional seismic data to establish a layer sequence stratum framework, realize accurate comparison of the stratum and calculate the thickness of the layer of the ascending tray and the thickness of the layer of the descending tray of the contemporaneous normal fault.
In the present invention, in step (1), setting the cross-sectional line passing through the fault along the propensity of the contemporaneous positive fault can be achieved by the means commonly used in the art. Preferably, the profile line can be set according to the drilling.
The thickness of the descending disk is increased due to the activity of the contemporaneous positive fault, and the influence range of the descending disk is different along with the different fault scales. In the step (2), according to the thickness distribution of the stratum, combining a plurality of contemporaneous positive fault growth indexes calculated along fault tendency sections, a control range of a contemporaneous positive fault dip tray near each section is defined, and in the range, the stratum is thickened due to the influence of the contemporaneous positive fault.
In the invention, in the step (2), the descending disk area of the contemporaneous fault is divided into a plurality of small areas according to each section line control range, and each small area is controlled by one section line. Preferably, profile lines can be provided at the drilling location and a plurality of control ranges can be defined according to these profile lines.
The thickness of the descending disc stratum is gradually increased in the stratum deposition process due to the gradual change activity of the contemporaneous fault, so that the thickness of the descending disc stratum needs to be corrected, and the influence of the gradual change activity of the contemporaneous normal fault on the restoration of the ancient landform is eliminated.
And (3) dividing the thickness of the descending disc stratum in the descending disc area of the contemporaneous positive fault by the growth index on the section line in the control range of the descending disc area, and correcting to obtain the corrected thickness of the descending disc stratum.
In the present invention, the growth index in step (3) may be the growth index calculated in step (1) from a set of data of the thickness of the ascending tray formation and the thickness of the descending tray formation along the same section line of the fault inclination, or may be the average growth index which is the arithmetic mean of a plurality of sets of data of the thickness of the ascending tray formation and the thickness of the descending tray formation calculated in step (1) on the same section line.
In the present invention, in the step (4), the technical means for obtaining the corrected thickness of the residual formation of the drawdown tray from the corrected thickness of the formation of the drawdown tray is not particularly limited, and may be any technical means commonly used in the art. The ancient landform mapping according to the corrected thickness of the residual stratum of the drawdown plate can be realized by the common technical means in the field, for example, the ancient landform mapping can be performed by one or more of a residual thickness method, an impression method and a layer leveling method, preferably by adopting a compaction recovery correction and an ancient water depth recovery method to obtain the ancient landform parameters with reference to the impression method.
The method of the invention is used for ancient landform restoration, which eliminates ancient landform false images caused by the thickening of a co-deposition fault descent tray, so that the ancient landform restoration is more reasonable, and the ancient landform apparent image of a co-generation positive fault development area does not have too much unreasonable landform height difference.
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples.
Example 1
Taking a complex fault block sand two-stage stratum of a certain oil field in a certain fault basin in the east of China as an example, the fault block area is a sand two-stage low-order syngeneic normal fault development area. The method of the invention is used for carrying out ancient landform restoration work in the syngeneic fault development area.
Firstly, carrying out fault activity research in a research area, combining well logging and three-dimensional seismic data, taking a high-resolution sequence stratum grid as guidance, counting the development parts of the contemporaneous positive fault on the basis of realizing accurate comparison of stratums, making a plurality of well-crossing sections along the contemporaneous fault, and making a plurality of well-crossing sections according to the following formula
Growth index EI-descending disc formation thickness H2/ascending disc formation thickness H1
And (3) calculating the growth index EI of different section parts of the syngenic normal fault in a sequence in the sand two-section stratum, wherein the result is shown in Table 1.
Since the fault scale is small, many faults are low-order faults, the control range is small, and for the growing part of the syngeneic fault, as shown in fig. 2, a plurality of ranges influenced by the syngeneic fault are divided from a descending disc area according to a section line, and in each range, the corrected thickness is obtained according to H3H/EI. h is the average of the thicknesses of the plurality of drawdown disk formations. The EI is a growth index calculated by the step (1) from a set of rising disc formation thickness and falling disc formation thickness data along the same section line of the fault dip. And establishing a database of the restored stratum thickness according to the correction result, and performing ancient landform restoration.
TABLE 1
According to the corrected thickness of the stratum of the drawdown plate, namely the thickness of the residual stratum, the ancient landform restoration is carried out according to the basic steps of the ancient landform restoration, namely compaction restoration and ancient water depth correction, and the result is shown in fig. 3.
As shown in FIG. 3, the ancient landform restoration method overcomes the defects that a plurality of low-lying abnormal regions with abnormal terrains frequently appear when the ancient landform restoration is carried out in a syngeneic normal fault development region by the existing restoration method, and is more beneficial to restoring the true condition of the ancient landform.
The ancient landform restoration method provided by the invention effectively guides the space distribution prediction of sand bodies of the sand two-section delta in the example area. After the thickness of the stratums of the contemporaneous normal fault is corrected, the ancient landform recovery error caused by the activity of the contemporaneous fault is eliminated, so that the ancient landform form is more reasonable. Meanwhile, the method has wide application range in the fault basin and is convenient and feasible to operate.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A restoration method suitable for ancient landforms in syngeneic normal fault development areas in complex fault blocks comprises the following steps:
(1) setting a section line passing through the fault along the trend of the syngeneic positive fault in the complex fault block, calculating the growth index of the syngeneic positive fault in the complex fault block according to the following formula according to the thickness of the ascending tray stratum and the thickness of the descending tray stratum of the syngeneic positive fault in the complex fault block,
growth index is descending disc stratum thickness/ascending disc stratum thickness;
(2) defining a control range of a section line in a syngeneic positive fault descender region in the complex fault block;
(3) correcting the thickness of the stratum of the descending disc at a certain position in the control range of the section line of the contemporaneous normal fault in the complex fault block according to the following formula in the control range according to the growth index obtained in the step (1),
correcting the thickness as the thickness/growth index of the descending disc at a certain position in the control range of the section line;
(4) and (4) obtaining the corrected thickness of the stratum of the descending disc at a certain position in the control range of the section line according to the step (3), and obtaining the residual stratum thickness of the descending disc at a certain position in the control range of the corrected section line to perform ancient geomorphology mapping of the syngeneic normal fault development area in the complex fault block.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), by combining well drilling data and three-dimensional seismic data, a sequence stratigraphic framework is built, stratum precise comparison is realized, and the rise plate stratum thickness and the fall plate stratum thickness of the contemporaneous positive fault in the complex fault block are calculated.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (4), according to the thickness of the residual stratum of the drawdown plate at a certain position in the control range of the corrected section line, the ancient landform mapping is carried out by obtaining the ancient landform parameters through compaction recovery correction and ancient water depth recovery methods by referring to an impression method.
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