CN108267773B - Method for preparing alpha measurement source of polonium by micro-precipitation method - Google Patents
Method for preparing alpha measurement source of polonium by micro-precipitation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of radioactive substance measurement, and relates to a method for preparing an alpha measurement source of polonium by a micro-precipitation method. The method comprises the following steps: (1) adding Te (VI) or Te (IV), polonium-containing sample, radioactive tracer to the aqueous solution209Po, reducing substance and water-miscible and can reduce TeO2Or an organic solvent with the solubility of simple substance Te, so that Te (VI) or Te (IV) and a reducing substance generate oxidation-reduction reaction, and TeO obtained by reduction is carried out under the action of the organic solvent2Or the simple substance Te is used as a carrier to carry the radioactive polonium and uniformly disperse the radioactive polonium into the aqueous solution; (2) the polonium-loaded carrier was uniformly dispersed on the filter by filtration. The alpha measuring source of polonium prepared by the method of the invention has the advantages of shorter time consumption, simple operation, easy batch production, low cost, stronger acid resistance and anti-interference capability than the alpha measuring source of polonium prepared by the traditional self-deposition method, and can obtain the polonium recovery rate (85-100%) which is close to or higher than that of the self-deposition method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radioactive substance measurement, and relates to a method for preparing an alpha measurement source of polonium by a micro-precipitation method.
Background
210Po is a natural radionuclide belonging to the uranium family of the natural radioactive system (238U)。210Po belongs to the extremely toxic group of radionuclides, and is lethal to an average adult in an amount of only 1 microgram, which is about 250000 times as toxic as Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN).210Po is volatile, widely exists in soil, rocks, water, organisms and other environmental media, and can enter human bodies through eating and sucking. Due to its toxicological properties, it is necessary to measure soil, sediment, aerosol, water, food, tobacco, cigarette, urine and biological material and geological samples210The Po content was investigated.
The methods for analyzing polonium mainly include precipitation method, extraction method, distillation method, chromatography method, micro-precipitation method,Electrodeposition and autodeposition. The measuring instrument mostly adopts an alpha/beta proportional counter and an alpha spectrometer. Po- α sources for α -spectroscopy are typically prepared by autodepositing polonium onto metal wafers or sulfide-microprecipitating polonium, where the principle of the autodeposition of polonium is as follows (see Khater, A.E.M.J.Environ.Radioact.2004,71, 33-41; Matthews, K.M.; Kim, C.K.; Martin, P.Appl.Radioact.2007, 65, 267-279; Kelecom, A.; Gouvea, R.C.S.J.Environ.Radioact.2011,102, 443-447; Karali, T.;
S.；G.Yener.Appl.Radiat.Isot.1996,47,409-411；Eichrom Thecnologies,LLC.,Analytical procedures,Lead-210and Polonium-210in Water,2009)。
silver flakes are often used as self-polonium-depositing plates, while nickel flakes, copper flakes, stainless steel flakes are also often used as self-polonium-depositing plates due to their lower cost. Metal wafers used as plating sheets require polishing and cleaning to remove dust and surface oxidation layers before use. These plates are then placed in a small volume of dilute HCl (typically 0.1M to 1M) at elevated temperature (e.g., 80-95 ℃) to spontaneously undergo electrochemical reduction for 3-6 hours to achieve high recovery (typically 90%). The plated tablets were then washed with deionized water and heated at a relatively high temperature (typically 300 ℃) for several minutes to oxidize polonium to reduce the risk of contaminating the alpha probe.
Although this sample preparation technique is widely used, the entire sample preparation process, especially the heating step, can be inconvenient and time consuming.
Sulfide microprecipitated polonium is another common method for preparing Po- α sources, which has problems: the sulfide precipitate is easy to generate H with the odor of rotten eggs under the acidic condition2S gas, and sulfide microprecipitation methods are typically produced in low concentrations of HCl (typically 0.1M to 1M), and such a source also causes some contamination of the probe.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing an alpha measurement source of polonium by a micro-precipitation method, which is shorter in use time, simpler in operation, easier to batch, lower in cost, higher in acid resistance and interference resistance and close to or higher in recovery rate compared with a traditional self-deposition method.
To achieve this, in a basic embodiment, the present invention provides a method of microprecipitation to produce an alpha-measuring source of polonium, comprising the steps of:
(1) adding Te (VI) or Te (IV), polonium-containing sample, radioactive tracer to the aqueous solution209Po, reducing substance and water-miscible and can reduce TeO2Or simple substance Te, so that the Te (VI) or Te (IV) and the reducing substance undergo redox reaction, and TeO obtained by reduction is reacted under the action of the organic solvent2Or the simple substance Te is used as a carrier to carry the radioactive polonium and uniformly disperse the radioactive polonium into the aqueous solution;
(2) the carrier loaded with polonium was uniformly dispersed on the filter by filtration.
The principle of the step (1) is redox reaction. Wherein the oxidizing agent comprises a compound having a four-valent state or a hexavalent state Te, and the reducing agent comprises a substance having strong reducibility, such as SnCl2，TiCl3And the like.
Method for preparing alpha spectrum measurement source by reducing polonium with tellurium to slightly precipitate polonium, wherein oxidation states Te (IV) and Te (VI) are reduced to Te simple substance or TeO by reducing agent2These reduced materials act as carriers to carry polonium. The method comprises all oxidation-reduction reactions capable of reducing tellurium in an oxidized state to a carrier.
Tellurium reduction of polonium in the method of making an alpha spectrum measurement source, the medium of the redox reaction is an aqueous solution, preferably hydrochloric acid as the non-oxidizing acid, although other solution systems that do not affect the reduction of polonium by tellurium (e.g., acidified or non-acidified solution systems) are also suitable. Notably, HNO3Isooxidative acids can affect the production of the alpha source.
The organic solvent in the step (1) has the function of uniformly dispersing the generated carrier in the aqueous solution, and after suction filtration, the carrier can be uniformly distributed on the filter membrane. The organic solvent is preferably isopropanol or propylene glycol.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preparing an alpha-measuring source of polonium by the microprecipitation method, wherein said te (vi) is H6TeO6Or a salt thereof, said Te (IV) is H2TeO3Or a salt thereof.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a method of microprecipitation to produce an alpha-measuring source of polonium wherein the aqueous solution is an acidic aqueous solution formed from a non-oxidizing acid.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a method of microprecipitation to produce an alpha-measuring source of polonium, wherein the non-oxidizing acid is hydrochloric acid.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a method of microprecipitation to produce an alpha-measuring source of polonium, wherein the concentration of the non-oxidizing acid is 0.1-6 mol/L.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preparing an alpha-measuring source of polonium by a microprecipitation method, wherein the organic solvent is isopropanol or propylene glycol.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a method of alpha measurement of polonium by microprecipitation wherein the reducing material is SnCl2Or TiCl3。
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preparing an alpha-measuring source of polonium by the microprecipitation method, wherein the reducing substance is in excess in step (1).
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a method for preparing an alpha-measuring source of polonium by the microprecipitation method, wherein the reaction time of step (1) is from 10 minutes to 4 hours.
The alpha measuring source of polonium prepared by the method of the invention has the advantages of shorter time consumption, simple operation, easy batch production, low cost, stronger acid resistance and anti-interference capability than the alpha measuring source of polonium prepared by the traditional self-deposition method, and can obtain the polonium recovery rate (85-100%) which is close to or higher than that of the self-deposition method. Furthermore, the method of the present invention can select suitable micro-precipitation conditions for different samples to achieve the purpose of quickly and effectively measuring polonium, which is of great significance in coping with the detection of polonium in various samples during nuclear emergency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph of the effect of acidity on the microprecipitation recovery of an alpha measurement source of polonium with the microprecipitation method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the effect of Te (IV) content on the microprecipitation recovery of the alpha measurement source of polonium prepared by the microprecipitation method of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph of the effect of redox reaction time on the microprecipitation recovery of the alpha measurement source of polonium preparation by the microprecipitation method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description will further describe embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1: effect of acidity on the Microprecipitation recovery of alpha-measuring sources of polonium with the Microprecipitation method
10mL of hydrochloric acid solution, 25mBq are added in sequence209Po standard radioactive source, 100. mu.g Te (IV), 5mL isopropanol, mix well and add 1mL 10% SnCl2Shaking the solution, standing for 10min, filtering (0.1-mum filter membrane), intercepting to obtain Po-alpha spectrum source, and examining the influence of hydrochloric acid with different concentrations (acidity) on the micro-precipitation recovery rate, the result is shown in figure 1. Wherein the calculation formula of the micro-precipitation recovery rate is as follows:
wherein:
R-Po micro-precipitation recovery rate;
CR209-radiotracer in sample209Decay Rate of Po (sub-s)-1)；
I209-selected energies in the spectrogram209Abundance of Po;
A209added to the sample209Initial activity of Po (Bq);
detection efficiency of epsilon-alpha spectrometer.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the efficiency of polonium microprecipitation fluctuates between 80% and 100% with increasing hydrochloric acid concentration. Repeated experiments show that when the reaction system is 1mol/L HCl, the micro-precipitation recovery rate of tellurium reduction micro-precipitation polonium can reach 98 percent, and the reaction is stable. Therefore, the optimum reaction acidity is 1mol/L HCl. Furthermore, it has been found through this study and the subsequent examples that the method of the present invention exhibits strong acid resistance relative to conventional self-deposition and sulfide micro-deposition methods.
Example 2: effect of Te (IV) content on the Microprecipitate recovery of alpha-measuring sources of polonium with the Microprecipitation method
10mL of 1M HCl, 25mBq were added sequentially209Po standard radioactive source, Te (IV), 5mL isopropanol, mix well, add 1mL 10% SnCl2The solution is shaken up, kept stand for 10min, filtered (0.1-mum filter membrane), and intercepted to prepare a Po-alpha spectrum measuring source, and the influence of different Te (IV) contents on the micro-precipitation recovery rate is examined, and the result is shown in figure 2.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the content of Te (IV) in the range of 10-250. mu.g can effectively carry polonium with good spectrum resolution. Finally, 100. mu.g of Te (IV) is preferred to ensure a slight precipitate recovery of polonium.
Example 3: effect of Redox reaction time on the Microprecipitation recovery of alpha-measuring sources of polonium with the Microprecipitation method
10mL of 1M HCl, 25mBq were added sequentially209Po standard radioactive source, 100. mu.g Te (IV), 5mL isopropanol, mix well and add 1mL 10% SnCl2The solution is shaken up, kept stand for a period of time, filtered (0.1-mum filter membrane), intercepted to prepare a Po-alpha spectrum measuring source, and the influence of different oxidation-reduction reaction time on the micro-precipitation recovery rate is examined, and the result is shown in figure 3.
As can be seen from fig. 3, after 10min of reaction time, the recovery rate of the micro-precipitate of polonium reached 95%, while in 4h of reaction time, the recovery rate of the micro-precipitate of polonium by tellurium reduction was between 95% and 98%, and in 24h, the amount of precipitate adsorbed on the tube wall was small, and the recovery rate of the micro-precipitate of polonium still reached more than 90%. Finally, a redox reaction time of 10min is preferred.
Example 4: interference rejection assay for other radionuclides
Some alpha-decaying radionuclides (e.g., Ra, Th, U, Pu, and Am) with Po (A), (B), (C) and (C)208Po，209Po，210Po) are carried on the filter membrane together during the process of micro-precipitation, thereby affecting the measurement of polonium. The decontamination factors for Ra and Th, U, Pu and Am with polonium are shown in Table 1.
Adding 25mBq Ra-226, Am-243, U-232 and Pu-242 radioactive standard sources into each sample, dissolving and precipitating by concentrated hydrochloric acid, adjusting the acidity of the solution to be 1mol/L, adding 100 mu g Te (IV) and 5ml isopropanol, shaking up, and finally adding 5ml 10% SnCl2Reacting for 10min, filtering, preparing Po-alpha source, and measuring by an alpha spectrometer. The stain removal factor for Po was calculated from the measurements for Ra, Th, U, Pu and Am, as shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1 decontamination factor for radionuclide affecting polonium measurement
*Decontamination factor: ratio of the activity of a pre-decontamination interfering nuclide to the activity of a post-decontamination interfering nuclide
As can be seen from table 1, the decontamination factor for Ra of this method is 75 and for actinides >100, so these interfering radionuclides do not affect the measurement of radioactive polonium during the tellurium reduction of micro-precipitated polonium.
Example 5: the micro-precipitation method of the invention is used for the treatment of actual soil samples210Determination of Po
Collecting soil samples from Shandong and Fujian, collecting 0.5g soil sample, placing into a glass beaker, and adding 25mBq209A Po tracer. Then 20mL of 6M HCl was added and the mixture was leached 2 times for 40min each with heating and stirring, cooled and filtered, and the two filtrates were combined. The combined filtrates were added with 0.5mL of 7% TiOCl2Adjusting pH to about 8 with strong ammonia water to generate HTiO precipitate, centrifuging, discarding supernatant, and dissolving in 1mL concentrated hydrochloric acidThe precipitate was diluted with ultrapure water to 10mL, and 100. mu.g of Te (IV) and 5mL of isopropanol were added and shaken well. At this point, 1mL of 10% SnCl was added2Shaking up, standing for 10min, suction filtering, preparing Po-alpha source, and measuring on an alpha spectrometer. From analytical determinations, the subtraction in blank samples is calculated210In soil after Po content210The Po activity is calculated by the following formula and the result (Table 2).
The recovery of Po is calculated as follows:
wherein:
r-recovery of Po in the sample;
CR209-radiotracer in sample209Decay Rate of Po (sub-s)-1)；
I209-selected energies in the spectrogram209Abundance of Po;
A209added to the sample209An initial activity of Po (Bq);
the detection efficiency of an epsilon-alpha spectrometer.
In the soil210The calculation formula of Po activity is as follows:
wherein:
A210in the soil210Po activity (Bq);
CR210obtained by measurement210Decay Rate of Po (sub-s)-1)；
I210-selected energies in the spectrogram210Abundance of Po;
r-recovery of Po in the sample;
the detection efficiency of an epsilon-alpha spectrometer.
TABLE 2 actual soil samples210Determination of Po
According to the analysis of experimental data, the whole-process recovery rate is 85-90%.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations. The foregoing examples or embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, which may be embodied in other specific forms or in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The described embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention should be indicated by the appended claims, and any changes that are equivalent to the intent and scope of the claims should be construed to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preparing an alpha measurement source of polonium by a microprecipitation method, comprising the steps of:
(1) adding hexavalent Te or tetravalent Te, polonium-containing sample and radioactive tracer into aqueous solution209Po, a reducing substance and a water-miscible and TeO-reducible substance2Or simple substance Te, so that the hexavalent Te or the tetravalent Te and the reducing substance have oxidation-reduction reaction, and the TeO obtained by reduction is carried out under the action of the organic solvent2Or elemental Te is used as a carrier to carry radioactive polonium down and uniformly disperse the radioactive polonium into the aqueous solution;
(2) the carrier loaded with polonium was uniformly dispersed on the filter by filtration.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the hexavalent Te is H6TeO6Or a salt thereof, the tetravalent Te is H2TeO3Or a salt thereof.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the aqueous solution is an acidic aqueous solution formed from a non-oxidizing acid.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein: the non-oxidizing acid is hydrochloric acid.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein: the concentration of the non-oxidizing acid is 0.1-6 mol/L.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the organic solvent is isopropanol or propylene glycol.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: the reducing substance is SnCl2Or TiCl3。
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the reducing substance is excessive.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein: the reaction time of step (1) is 10 minutes to 4 hours.
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| CN110988962A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2020-04-10 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | Method for rapidly analyzing polonium-210 in aerosol |
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| CN111142167A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2020-05-12 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | Method for detecting position of spontaneous combustion source of coal by using polonium-210 method |
| CN113406114B (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2022-10-21 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | Combined analysis method for content of Pu, am and U in aerosol |
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