CN108260201B - Information expansion method and device - Google Patents
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- CN108260201B CN108260201B CN201611218512.0A CN201611218512A CN108260201B CN 108260201 B CN108260201 B CN 108260201B CN 201611218512 A CN201611218512 A CN 201611218512A CN 108260201 B CN108260201 B CN 108260201B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
Abstract
The invention discloses an information expansion method and a device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining a number of fingerprint information of at least one cell; the fingerprint information at least comprises a geographical position in a cell and signal quality information corresponding to the geographical position; determining a cell to be expanded and adjacent cells thereof based on the number of the fingerprint information of each cell; and selecting expanded fingerprint information from the fingerprint information stored in the adjacent cell, and adding the expanded fingerprint information to a fingerprint database of the information cell to be expanded.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to information management technologies in the field of communications, and in particular, to an information expansion method and apparatus.
Background
With the development of L TE technology, China Mobile 4G networks have been widely used, and have a large number of user groups, by collecting Measurement Report (MR) data of terminal users in the network, user behaviors and demands can be further mined and analyzed to obtain more valuable information, including user location information.
However, the above solutions in the prior art cannot guarantee sufficient fingerprints in each cell, and therefore cannot guarantee the final positioning accuracy.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to an information expansion method and apparatus, which are used to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, an information expansion method provided by the present invention includes:
determining a number of fingerprint information of at least one cell; the fingerprint information at least comprises a geographical position in a cell and signal quality information corresponding to the geographical position;
determining a cell to be expanded and adjacent cells thereof based on the number of the fingerprint information of each cell;
selecting extended fingerprint information from the fingerprint information stored in the adjacent cell, and adding the extended fingerprint information to the fingerprint database of the information cell to be extended
The invention provides an information expansion device, comprising:
a fingerprint library management unit for determining the amount of fingerprint information of at least one cell; the fingerprint information at least comprises a geographical position in a cell and signal quality information corresponding to the geographical position;
the selection unit is used for determining the cell to be expanded and the adjacent cell thereof based on the number of the fingerprint information of each cell;
and the expansion unit is used for selecting the expansion fingerprint information from the fingerprint information stored in the adjacent cell and adding the expansion fingerprint information to the fingerprint database of the information cell to be expanded.
After the information cell to be expanded is determined, the expanded fingerprint information is selected from the fingerprint database of the adjacent cell and added into the fingerprint database of the information cell to be expanded. Therefore, the problem that the fingerprint information in the fingerprint database is insufficient can be avoided, the fingerprint database is effectively expanded, and accurate positioning of the terminal equipment can be achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a first flowchart illustrating an information expansion method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a second flowchart illustrating an information expansion method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
The first embodiment,
An embodiment of the present invention provides an information expansion method, as shown in fig. 1, including:
step 101: determining a number of fingerprint information of at least one cell; the fingerprint information at least comprises a geographical position in a cell and signal quality information corresponding to the geographical position;
step 102: determining a cell to be expanded and adjacent cells thereof based on the number of the fingerprint information of each cell;
step 103: and selecting expanded fingerprint information from the fingerprint information stored in the adjacent cell, and adding the expanded fingerprint information to a fingerprint database of the information cell to be expanded.
Here, the process of this embodiment may be applied to a management device of a network, where the management device may obtain information corresponding to a plurality of cells in the network, and although only obtaining a fingerprint database of each cell is mentioned in this embodiment, it is not excluded that other parameters may also be obtained in the management device, and only details are not described here.
The fingerprint information may include: in a corresponding cell, at least one geographic position and signal quality information corresponding to each geographic position;
specifically, the geographic location may be represented by latitude and longitude, and may further include altitude information; in addition, the signal quality information corresponding to each geographic location may be RSRP, and may include RSRP of at least one cell measurable at the geographic location.
For example, referring to fig. 2, there is an overlapping coverage area between cell a and cell B, and RSRPs corresponding to cell a and cell B may be measured in the overlapping coverage area, so that the fingerprint information corresponding to the geographic location stored in the fingerprint database of cell a may include RSRPs of cell a and cell B. It is understood that at the position where the cell a is close to the base station, only the RSRP of the cell a may be measured, and then, the RSRP of the geographic location of the cell a may be included in the fingerprint information corresponding to the geographic location.
The determining the cell to be expanded and the adjacent cells thereof based on the number of the fingerprint information of each cell comprises:
judging whether the number of the fingerprint information of each cell meets a preset first threshold value or not, and if not, determining the cell as an information cell to be expanded;
and acquiring at least one adjacent cell of the cell with the information to be expanded.
Wherein, the first threshold value can be set according to actual conditions. For example, an average value may be calculated according to the number of fingerprint information of each cell in all managed cells, and the first threshold may be set as the average value, that is, when there is fingerprint information stored in a fingerprint database of a cell that is smaller than the average value, the cell may be determined as a cell that needs fingerprint information expansion. Or, the ratio may be set as a certain proportion of the average value, which may be 30% of the average value, that is, if the fingerprint information stored in the fingerprint database of a certain cell is less than 30% of the average value, then the cell needs to perform fingerprint information expansion; it should be understood that the ratio of the average value may not be set to be 30% according to actual situations, and the ratio is merely an example.
The acquiring at least one neighboring cell to the information cell to be extended includes: and acquiring at least one cell with the distance to the information cell to be expanded meeting a second threshold value as the adjacent cell based on the position information of the information cell to be expanded. For example, the network side includes location information corresponding to each cell, and then at least one cell within a radius range is selected as a neighboring cell based on the location information of the information cell to be extended. The second threshold may be set according to an actual situation, for example, may be set to be within 1 KM; alternatively, the length of one cell diameter may be set, which is not exhaustive in this embodiment.
The selecting extended fingerprint information from the fingerprint information stored in the adjacent cell includes:
selecting fingerprint information meeting a first preset condition from the fingerprint database of the adjacent cell; the first preset condition represents that the fingerprint information contains signal quality information aiming at the information cell to be expanded and signal quality information of the adjacent cell;
and selecting expanded fingerprint information from the fingerprint information meeting a first preset condition.
That is, the fingerprint database of the neighboring cell selects the fingerprint information containing the signal quality information of the neighboring cell and the signal quality information of the information cell to be extended as the fingerprint information meeting the first preset condition.
Furthermore, the extended fingerprint information is selected from the fingerprint information meeting the first preset condition.
Specifically, the selecting the extended fingerprint information from the fingerprint information meeting the first preset condition includes:
selecting candidate fingerprint information of which the signal quality information of the adjacent cell is within a third threshold range and the signal quality information of the information cell to be expanded is within a fourth threshold range from the fingerprint information meeting a first preset condition; the third threshold and the fourth threshold are set according to actual conditions, and may be the same or different;
and selecting the candidate fingerprint information of which the difference value between the signal quality information of the cell to be expanded and the signal quality information of the adjacent cell is smaller than a difference threshold value from the candidate fingerprint information as the expanded fingerprint information.
The difference threshold is set according to an actual situation, and may be, for example, 1.5 dBm.
Further, when adding the extended fingerprint information to the fingerprint database of the information cell to be extended, it is also necessary to determine whether the extended fingerprint information is already stored in the fingerprint database, and if not, adding the extended fingerprint information.
In order to solve the problem of insufficient fingerprint libraries, the fingerprint information in the overlapped coverage area is searched and the fingerprint is shared. For example: according to the 3GPP standard, when a user performs a cell handover, a piece of MR data is reported, that is, the MR information of the current location is considered to be in an overlapping coverage area (two cells switched to each other), and the obtained RSRP values are similar, so that the MR data can be placed in the two switched cells as a fingerprint respectively.
For example, referring to fig. 2, assuming that the terminal device is in the serving cell a, when reporting MR data, the system stores the data in the fingerprint database of the cell a. However, the device is within the handover band of the a/B cell, i.e. overlapping coverage area. In this case, the results obtained when the data measured by this piece of MR data is in the a cell or the B cell must be very similar. Therefore, the MR data can be placed in the fingerprint database of the B cell, so that the subsequent positioning result is not influenced. For a series of MR data in the overlapped coverage area, the MR data can be simultaneously positioned in fingerprint libraries of different adjacent cells, so that the sharing of the fingerprint libraries is realized, and the effective fingerprints are borrowed from the fingerprint library with more fingerprints and are stored in the fingerprint library with less fingerprints.
The system needs to find fingerprints of overlapping coverage areas to expand. The fingerprint database expansion needs to meet certain conditions, fingerprint information in an overlapped coverage area is expanded to a cell with insufficient fingerprint, and a non-repeated coverage area cannot be replaced or supplemented at will. Arbitrarily adding fingerprints to each other affects the accuracy of the final position prediction. The specific process of extending fingerprints is shown in fig. 3, which specifically includes the following steps:
searching a cell to be expanded:
a threshold TH1 is set, and if the number of fingerprints in the primary cell is found to be less than TH1, fingerprint sharing is allowed. If the number of the fingerprint libraries is sufficient, expansion is not needed, and the influence of noise information on subsequent positioning precision is avoided.
Searching for a borrowable cell:
and searching all similar cells of the main cell within a certain radius R range according to the cell work parameter table, wherein the value of R is adjusted according to different urban geographic environments. If the searched cell is close to the cell to be expanded, the cell is determined to be a borrowable neighboring cell B.
Judging the overlapped coverage fingerprints:
fingerprint data is screened in the borrowable cell, and fingerprints satisfying the following conditions are sharable fingerprints.
The RSRP information of the fingerprint measured under the main service cell is in a normal range;
the RSRP information of the cell A to be expanded is measured by the fingerprint, and the RSRP value is normal;
the difference value of the two RSRP is smaller than a threshold TH2 (about 1.5dbm, adjusted according to different scenes).
Fingerprint sharing: and adding the selected fingerprint into a fingerprint library of the primary cell A to be expanded. The RSRP value is unchanged, the fingerprints and other fingerprint Key values (column names) in the cell with the extension are kept consistent, more RSRPs are deleted, and less RSRP is filled in a space (NaN).
Compared with the prior art, the feasibility of outdoor positioning based on the fingerprint database can be established based on the obtained outdoor mass data. The method of the embodiment is to store the fingerprints into the data tables of the corresponding cells, and perform the fusion of the fingerprint libraries by calculating the correlation of the fingerprint libraries of different cells, so that the effect of high positioning precision can be achieved at the initial stage. Subsequently, along with the increase of data, the updating of the fingerprint database and the positioning precision can be further improved.
In order to improve the computing efficiency of the system, fingerprints need to be classified according to cells, and under the condition that the efficiency and the precision of the algorithm are not influenced, the fingerprints in the overlapped coverage area can be found and shared and expanded. The number of fingerprints in the cell with data lack is improved. The positioning accuracy of the cell is improved, and the positioning accuracy of other cells is not reduced.
According to the method, the fingerprints can be efficiently expanded in the construction of the fingerprint database, and a plurality of screening conditions are designed, for example, the fingerprints are not added to the fingerprint-rich cells blindly; filtering unstable fingerprints with very low RSRP; and dividing adjacent cells according to the spatial position information of the work parameter table.
Therefore, by adopting the scheme, after the information cell to be expanded is determined, the expanded fingerprint information can be selected from the fingerprint database of the adjacent cell and added into the fingerprint database of the information cell to be expanded. Therefore, the problem that the fingerprint information in the fingerprint database is insufficient can be avoided, the fingerprint database is effectively expanded, the data base number is improved, and therefore accurate positioning of the terminal equipment can be achieved.
Example II,
An embodiment of the present invention provides an information expansion apparatus, as shown in fig. 4, including:
a fingerprint library management unit 41 for determining the amount of fingerprint information of at least one cell; the fingerprint information at least comprises a geographical position in a cell and signal quality information corresponding to the geographical position;
a selecting unit 42, configured to determine an information cell to be expanded and neighboring cells thereof based on the number of fingerprint information of each cell;
and an extension unit 43, configured to select extended fingerprint information from the fingerprint information stored in the neighboring cell, and add the extended fingerprint information to the fingerprint library of the information cell to be extended.
Here, the apparatus of this embodiment may be disposed in a management device in a network, where the management device may obtain information corresponding to a plurality of cells in the network, and although only obtaining a fingerprint library of each cell is mentioned in this embodiment, it is not excluded that other parameters may also be obtained in the management device, and details of this are not repeated here.
The fingerprint information may include: in a corresponding cell, at least one geographic position and signal quality information corresponding to each geographic position;
specifically, the geographic location may be represented by latitude and longitude, and may further include altitude information; in addition, the signal quality information corresponding to each geographic location may be RSRP, and may include RSRP of at least one cell measurable at the geographic location.
For example, referring to fig. 2, there is an overlapping coverage area between cell a and cell B, and RSRPs corresponding to cell a and cell B may be measured in the overlapping coverage area, so that the fingerprint information corresponding to the geographic location stored in the fingerprint database of cell a may include RSRPs of cell a and cell B. It is understood that at the position where the cell a is close to the base station, only the RSRP of the cell a may be measured, and then, the RSRP of the geographic location of the cell a may be included in the fingerprint information corresponding to the geographic location.
The selecting unit is used for judging whether the number of the fingerprint information of each cell meets a preset first threshold value or not, and if not, determining the cell as an information cell to be expanded;
and acquiring at least one adjacent cell of the cell with the information to be expanded.
Wherein, the first threshold value can be set according to actual conditions. For example, an average value may be calculated according to the number of fingerprint information of each cell in all managed cells, and the first threshold may be set as the average value, that is, when there is fingerprint information stored in a fingerprint database of a cell that is smaller than the average value, the cell may be determined as a cell that needs fingerprint information expansion. Or, the ratio may be set as a certain proportion of the average value, which may be 30% of the average value, that is, if the fingerprint information stored in the fingerprint database of a certain cell is less than 30% of the average value, then the cell needs to perform fingerprint information expansion; it should be understood that the ratio of the average value may not be set to be 30% according to actual situations, and the ratio is merely an example.
The selecting unit is configured to obtain, based on the location information of the information cell to be extended, at least one cell, of which the distance to the information cell to be extended satisfies a second threshold, as the adjacent cell. For example, the network side includes location information corresponding to each cell, and then at least one cell within a radius range is selected as a neighboring cell based on the location information of the information cell to be extended. The second threshold may be set according to an actual situation, for example, may be set to be within 1 KM; alternatively, the length of one cell diameter may be set, which is not exhaustive in this embodiment.
The selecting unit is used for selecting fingerprint information meeting a first preset condition from the fingerprint database of the adjacent cell; the first preset condition represents that the fingerprint information contains signal quality information aiming at the information cell to be expanded and signal quality information of the adjacent cell; and selecting expanded fingerprint information from the fingerprint information meeting a first preset condition.
That is, the fingerprint database of the neighboring cell selects the fingerprint information containing the signal quality information of the neighboring cell and the signal quality information of the information cell to be extended as the fingerprint information meeting the first preset condition.
Furthermore, the extended fingerprint information is selected from the fingerprint information meeting the first preset condition.
Specifically, the selecting unit is configured to select candidate fingerprint information, in which signal quality information of an adjacent cell is within a third threshold range and signal quality information of the information cell to be expanded is within a fourth threshold range, from the fingerprint information meeting a first preset condition; the third threshold and the fourth threshold are set according to actual conditions, and may be the same or different;
and selecting the candidate fingerprint information of which the difference value between the signal quality information of the cell to be expanded and the signal quality information of the adjacent cell is smaller than a difference threshold value from the candidate fingerprint information as the expanded fingerprint information.
The difference threshold is set according to an actual situation, and may be, for example, 1.5 dBm.
Further, when adding the extended fingerprint information to the fingerprint database of the information cell to be extended, it is also necessary to determine whether the extended fingerprint information is already stored in the fingerprint database, and if not, adding the extended fingerprint information.
In order to solve the problem of insufficient fingerprint libraries, the fingerprint information in the overlapped coverage area is searched and the fingerprint is shared. For example: according to the 3GPP standard, when a user performs a cell handover, a piece of MR data is reported, that is, the MR information of the current location is considered to be in an overlapping coverage area (two cells switched to each other), and the obtained RSRP values are similar, so that the MR data can be placed in the two switched cells as a fingerprint respectively.
For example, referring to fig. 2, assuming that the terminal device is in the serving cell a, when reporting MR data, the system stores the data in the fingerprint database of the cell a. However, the device is within the handover band of the a/B cell, i.e. overlapping coverage area. In this case, the results obtained when the data measured by this piece of MR data is in the a cell or the B cell must be very similar. Therefore, the MR data can be placed in the fingerprint database of the B cell, so that the subsequent positioning result is not influenced. For a series of MR data in the overlapped coverage area, the MR data can be simultaneously positioned in fingerprint libraries of different adjacent cells, so that the sharing of the fingerprint libraries is realized, and the effective fingerprints are borrowed from the fingerprint library with more fingerprints and are stored in the fingerprint library with less fingerprints.
The system needs to find fingerprints of overlapping coverage areas to expand. The fingerprint database expansion needs to meet certain conditions, fingerprint information in an overlapped coverage area is expanded to a cell with insufficient fingerprint, and a non-repeated coverage area cannot be replaced or supplemented at will. Arbitrarily adding fingerprints to each other affects the accuracy of the final position prediction. The specific process of extending fingerprints is shown in fig. 3, which specifically includes the following steps:
searching a cell to be expanded:
a threshold TH1 is set, and if the number of fingerprints in the primary cell is found to be less than TH1, fingerprint sharing is allowed. If the number of the fingerprint libraries is sufficient, expansion is not needed, and the influence of noise information on subsequent positioning precision is avoided.
Searching for a borrowable cell:
and searching all similar cells of the main cell within a certain radius R range according to the cell work parameter table, wherein the value of R is adjusted according to different urban geographic environments. If the searched cell is close to the cell to be expanded, the cell is determined to be a borrowable neighboring cell B.
Judging the overlapped coverage fingerprints:
fingerprint data is screened in the borrowable cell, and fingerprints satisfying the following conditions are sharable fingerprints.
The RSRP information of the fingerprint measured under the main service cell is in a normal range;
the RSRP information of the cell A to be expanded is measured by the fingerprint, and the RSRP value is normal;
the difference value of the two RSRP is smaller than a threshold TH2 (about 1.5dbm, adjusted according to different scenes).
Fingerprint sharing: and adding the selected fingerprint into a fingerprint library of the primary cell A to be expanded. The RSRP value is unchanged, the fingerprints and other fingerprint Key values (column names) in the cell with the extension are kept consistent, more RSRPs are deleted, and less RSRP is filled in a space (NaN).
Therefore, by adopting the scheme, after the information cell to be expanded is determined, the expanded fingerprint information can be selected from the fingerprint database of the adjacent cell and added into the fingerprint database of the information cell to be expanded. Therefore, the problem that the fingerprint information in the fingerprint database is insufficient can be avoided, the fingerprint database is effectively expanded, the data base number is improved, and therefore accurate positioning of the terminal equipment can be achieved.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present invention are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that the method of the above embodiments can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases, the former is a better implementation manner. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes instructions for enabling a terminal device (such as a mobile phone, a computer, a device, an air conditioner, or a network device) to execute the method according to the embodiments of the present invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An information augmentation method, the method comprising:
determining a number of fingerprint information of at least one cell; the fingerprint information at least comprises a geographical position in a cell and signal quality information corresponding to the geographical position;
determining a cell to be expanded and adjacent cells thereof based on the number of the fingerprint information of each cell;
selecting expanded fingerprint information from the fingerprint information which is stored in the adjacent cell and accords with a first preset condition, and adding the expanded fingerprint information to a fingerprint library of the cell to be expanded; the first preset condition represents that the fingerprint information contains signal quality information aiming at the information cell to be expanded and signal quality information of the adjacent cell.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the information cell to be augmented and its neighboring cells based on the amount of fingerprint information of each cell comprises:
judging whether the number of the fingerprint information of each cell meets a preset first threshold value or not, and if not, determining the cell as an information cell to be expanded;
and acquiring at least one adjacent cell of the cell with the information to be expanded.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the obtaining at least one neighboring cell to the information cell to be augmented comprises:
and acquiring at least one cell with the distance to the information cell to be expanded meeting a second threshold value as the adjacent cell based on the position information of the information cell to be expanded.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the selecting augmented fingerprint information from the fingerprint information stored in the neighboring cell and meeting the first preset condition includes:
selecting fingerprint information meeting a first preset condition from the fingerprint database of the adjacent cell; and selecting expanded fingerprint information from the fingerprint information meeting a first preset condition.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the selecting augmented fingerprint information from the fingerprint information meeting a first preset condition comprises:
selecting candidate fingerprint information of which the signal quality information of the adjacent cell is within a third threshold range and the signal quality information of the information cell to be expanded is within a fourth threshold range from the fingerprint information meeting a first preset condition;
and selecting the candidate fingerprint information of which the difference value between the signal quality information of the cell to be expanded and the signal quality information of the adjacent cell is smaller than a difference threshold value from the candidate fingerprint information as the expanded fingerprint information.
6. An information expansion apparatus, comprising:
a fingerprint library management unit for determining the amount of fingerprint information of at least one cell; the fingerprint information at least comprises a geographical position in a cell and signal quality information corresponding to the geographical position;
the selection unit is used for determining the cell to be expanded and the adjacent cell thereof based on the number of the fingerprint information of each cell;
the expansion unit is used for selecting expanded fingerprint information from the fingerprint information which is stored in the adjacent cell and accords with a first preset condition, and adding the expanded fingerprint information to a fingerprint library of the information cell to be expanded; the first preset condition represents that the fingerprint information contains signal quality information aiming at the information cell to be expanded and signal quality information of the adjacent cell.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the selecting unit is configured to determine whether the number of fingerprint information of each cell meets a preset first threshold, and if not, determine that the cell is an information cell to be expanded; and acquiring at least one adjacent cell of the cell with the information to be expanded.
8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the selecting unit is configured to acquire, as the neighboring cell, at least one cell whose distance from the information cell to be extended satisfies a second threshold based on the location information of the information cell to be extended.
9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the extension unit is configured to select fingerprint information meeting a first predetermined condition from the fingerprint database of the neighboring cell; and selecting expanded fingerprint information from the fingerprint information meeting a first preset condition.
10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the expansion unit is configured to select, from the fingerprint information meeting a first preset condition, candidate fingerprint information in which signal quality information of neighboring cells is within a third threshold range and signal quality information of the information cell to be expanded is within a fourth threshold range; and selecting the candidate fingerprint information of which the difference value between the signal quality information of the cell to be expanded and the signal quality information of the adjacent cell is smaller than a difference threshold value from the candidate fingerprint information as the expanded fingerprint information.
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