CN108257217A - A kind of view-based access control model perceives the operation formation method for visualizing of topological relation model - Google Patents
A kind of view-based access control model perceives the operation formation method for visualizing of topological relation model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the operation formation method for visualizing that a kind of view-based access control model perceives topological relation model.Fight the internal correlation feature formed into columns and the visual range feature formed into columns of fighting can be expressed using the present invention, operation can be visually portrayed more fully hereinafter and form into columns.The present invention generates the skeleton inside forming into columns of fighting, more the formation shape close to formation of fighting using minimal spanning tree algorithm for the three-dimensional world coordinate collection for each individual of formation of fighting；Meanwhile for the two-dimentional latitude and longitude coordinates collection of each individual, operation formation profile and the distribution on the spherical surface of space are generated using Minimum Convex Closure method, embody the globality fought and formed into columns；Then two kinds of algorithms are superimposed, can express and fight the internal correlation feature formed into columns and expression is fought the visual range feature formed into columns, can visually portray operation more fully hereinafter and form into columns, and line has and intersects less, is fitted the excellent visualization features such as formation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Information Visualization Technology fields, and in particular to a kind of view-based access control model perceives the work of topological relation model
War formation method for visualizing.
Background technology
In Course of action, military decision-making is the soul of operational commanding, wherein more influential military decision-making leads to
It is OODA decision circulation models with process model, which is by observing, judging, the dynamic that decision, action four processes are formed
Cyclic process.Wherein, it is observation and the basis judged to the visual perception of situation of battlefield.In situation of battlefield, fighting against forming into columns is
Important combat unit in military operation is one with mutual on similar, fight function in close, motion state on spatial position
It mends, identical operation intention, the organism of multiple fight entities composition mutually cooperateed with.It fights and forms into columns according to operational doctrines, abide by
Follow specific professional knowledge, the cooperation between operation formation member has specific pattern, and internal cooperation relation is reflected in sky
Between in layout, group member is exactly required spatially to arrange with certain specific rule, that is, fighting against forming into columns has specific team
Shape requirement.Formation of fighting is an operation group, and the complexity relative individual of visual perception is higher, therefore fights what is formed into columns
Three-dimensional visualization becomes the visual research emphasis of battlefield situation information.
Operation formation three-dimensional visualization, belongs to information visualization field, can be by being converted to node-connection figure in graph theory
(node-link graph) is studied.In the visualization field of figure, more, especially network visualization, network are studied at present
Community discovery and network community visualization etc., usually to each corporations use with transparency color filling convex closure region into
Row visualization, corporations are drawn inside using node-line.The difficult point to be solved in the visualization of figure be node overlap, it is crowded,
Line intersection etc..The placement algorithm of figure is broadly divided into logic placement and two major class of physical layout, and wherein logic placement is by changing
Become the position of node to realize；Physical layout, such as the layout requirements holding position based on geographic location constraint, but due to position
Fixed, the cross-cutting issue on side is generally than more prominent, for larger scale, to reduce the intersection on side, based on side boundling thought tune
The visualized algorithm for the treatment of selvedge has also obtained more research.The military mapping editor module Military Overlay of U.S. army
Grouping display similar to troops' element employs arrangement (Leader) or overlapping (Stack) Show Styles in Editor (MOLE),
Display location is reset, physical location carries out auxiliary by index line, anchor point and regional extent convex closure curve and shows, and fights and compile
There is formation in team stringent military regulation, changes display location and is not suitable for the visualization formed into columns of fighting.
Divide group and polymerization etc. for operation group, it is domestic also to have some researchs, focus primarily upon group's division, group knows
Not etc..Polymerization, details and omissions in military posture electronical display etc. have preliminary operation formation polymerization display design, but do not have
There is the Visualization of further investigation operation formation internal structure.For complicated hierarchical relationship, such as hypergraph
(Hypergraph) subset system of this finite aggregate is surrounded for different subsets using the color filling of certain transparency
Region is expressed, but lacks the Visualization of relationship between internal element.
Compared with the visualization of figure or network, fighting against forming into columns only has set feature, and individual therein is formed into columns only with fighting
There is a membership, without specific connection relation between individual, how optimum choice goes out connection relation between individual, becomes
Difficult point in operation formation visualization；Traditional operation formation three-dimensional visualization, generally use model+label+track etc. is directed to
The display mode of individual does not give expression to this internal abstract characteristics of operation formation globality, lacks the visual of line of battle yet
Change displaying, therefore, for this particular studies object of forming into columns of fighting, need to carry out relevant visual research.
Invention content
In view of this, the present invention provides the operation formation visualization sides that a kind of view-based access control model perceives topological relation model
Method can express fight the internal correlation feature formed into columns and the visual range feature formed into columns of fighting, can be visually more complete
Operation is portrayed to face to form into columns.
The view-based access control model of the present invention perceives the operation formation method for visualizing of topological relation model, includes the following steps：
Step 1, in three-dimensional world coordinate system, according to the three-dimensional world coordinate for each individual of formation of fighting, using most your pupil
Incidence edge between tree algorithm generation individual, obtains the individual internal correlation line set EW to form into columns that fights；
Step 2, in two-dimentional latitude and longitude coordinates system, according to the latitude and longitude coordinates for each individual of formation of fighting, using minimum convex
Bag method generates the incidence edge between convex closure set of node and each convex closure node, and the incidence edge between convex closure node is mapped to step
In three-dimensional world coordinate system described in 1, obtain fighting the profile association line set EG to form into columns；
Step 3, the operation that the individual internal correlation line set EW and step 2 that the operation that merging step 1 obtains is formed into columns are obtained
The profile association line set EG of formation, and the incidence edge of repetition is removed, obtain the association between final each individual of operation formation
Side；
Step 4, visualization processing is carried out to the final incidence edge that step 3 obtains, completes the visualization formed into columns of fighting.
Further, the minimal spanning tree algorithm is Prim algorithms, wherein, the power on the side between arbitrary two node is is somebody's turn to do
Euclidean distance between two nodes.
Further, the Minimum Convex Closure method is Graham algorithms.
Further, in the step 4, corresponding the three-dimensional of threedimensional model of each individual of structure operation formation first surrounds
Ball；Then it is corresponding to draw each individual of formation of fighting in three-dimensional world coordinate system for the final incidence edge obtained according to step 3
Line between threedimensional model, and crop in the three-dimensional tie-portion surrounded inside ball；After ball is surrounded to three-dimensional and is cut
Line carries out three-dimensional rendering, obtains final visualization figure.
Further, the three-dimensional ball that surrounds has certain transparency.
Further, the line surrounded after ball, cutting to the three-dimensional of each individual and each individual in formation of fighting carries out
Color processing, and color keep is consistent.
Advantageous effect：
The present invention is generated to fight using minimal spanning tree algorithm and be compiled for the three-dimensional world coordinate collection for each individual of formation of fighting
Skeleton inside team expresses the distribution in three dimensions of forming into columns of fighting, and utilizes the connectivity of minimum spanning tree and most short
It ensure that preferable visual effect, and it is former more to meet the spacial proximity fought and formed into columns close to the formation shape for formation of fighting
Then and conformality principle；Meanwhile it for the two-dimentional latitude and longitude coordinates collection of each individual, generates to fight using Minimum Convex Closure method and form into columns
Profile and the distribution on the spherical surface of space ensure that using the convex polygon and compactness of Minimum Convex Closure with preferable vision
Range effect embodies the globality fought and formed into columns；Then two kinds of algorithms are superimposed, the internal correlation fought and formed into columns can be expressed
Feature, and the visual range feature fought and formed into columns can be expressed, operation can be visually portrayed more fully hereinafter forms into columns.Present invention tool
There is line to intersect less, be fitted the excellent visualization features such as formation.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is line sum upper limit function T (n) curve graphs.
Fig. 3 uses (the whole lines of band) effect before algorithm for the irregular formation of five machines.
Fig. 4 uses effect after algorithm for the irregular formation of five machines.
Fig. 5 uses (the whole lines of band) effect before algorithm for the Chinese character pin-shaped formation of four machines.
Fig. 6 is decomposed for the Chinese character pin-shaped formation vision of four machines：Internal connectivity.
Fig. 7 is decomposed for the Chinese character pin-shaped formation vision of four machines：Profile.
Fig. 8 is the Chinese character pin-shaped formation vision synthesis of four machines：Internal and profile.
Fig. 9 forms into columns for five machine wedge shapes using effect after algorithm.
Figure 10 forms into columns for four machine prismatics using effect after algorithm.
Figure 11 is line number statistical chart before and after optimization.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The present invention provides the operation formation method for visualizing that a kind of view-based access control model perceives topological relation model.
Visualization is that abstract or logic information is carried out visual vivid converting expressing, and it is visual to meet aesthetic principle
The basic demand changed.Currently for the visual Aesthetic Standards of figure, the basic principle approved more jointly is：Reduce line
Intersection between (or side).The present invention combines the military exigence fought and formed into columns, it is proposed that four of operation formation three-dimensional visualization
Basic principle：Conformality principle, aesthetic beauty principle, principle of whole and highlighting property principle.
(1) conformality principle
The exact position of individual in three dimensions during operation is formed into columns, is the key that situation of battlefield analysis, should visualize
In keep each original physical location of individual as possible, to avoid visual illusion is caused, lead to the error of warfare decision.And
And there is the requirement of specific formation due to fighting against forming into columns, the relative position fought in visualization in forming into columns between individual
It remains unchanged, to ensure perceptually to the correct understanding for formation of fighting.This is operation formation three-dimensional visualization to vision position
Put the constraint requirements to maintain the invariance.
(2) aesthetic beauty principle
Under normal circumstances, it fights against forming into columns and only there is set feature, individual only has membership with fighting against forming into columns, between individual
There is no specific connection relation, if establishing connection between arbitrary two individual, connection can be more, and crossover phenomenon is tighter
Weight, user can be caused visually mixed and disorderly, influence operational commanding personnel to fight form into columns understanding, therefore reduce to the greatest extent intersection be can
Depending on the basic aesthetic requirement of change.Other sense of vision factor：Symmetry, convex polygon, longest edge are as short as possible, Minimum Area, convex
The factor of the aesthetics aspect such as polygon will also consider.Mainly to meet the common aesthetic design acquirement of visualization as possible,
Observer is visually allowed to experience beauty, embodies the Aesthetics Philosophy of " simple i.e. U.S. ".
(3) principle of whole
It fights and forms into columns as an operation group, it is also right visually in addition to needing to perceive the individual in forming into columns of fighting
The operation of each individual composition is formed into columns there are one overall recognition, and the Integral Characteristic fought and formed into columns is given expression to visual manner, is such as made
(fight the framework characteristic of relevance, overall area of coverage scoped features, formation of fighting during war is formed into columns between individual the team formed into columns
Shape) etc..
In addition, for the color for formation of fighting, there is the use of color in my army stringent regulation：Red and black represents me
Side, blue represent enemy, and buff represents related with nuclear weapon, chemical weapons, biological weapons etc., and the warship of unidentified nationality, ship
It is often represented with labels such as aircrafts with bottle green；In U.S. army's operation symbol standard MIL-STD-2525 series, also have to color
It is specific to use regulation.Therefore, in the use aspect of color, as possible using the color of consistency, expression, which is fought, from color compiles
The globality of team.
(4) highlighting property principle
In three-dimensional digital earth battle state display, due to being influenced by earth surface image, especially with threedimensional model
When display operation is formed into columns, due to the similitude of the surface texture and topographical surface image of model, identification difficulty is larger, it is therefore desirable to
It fights against forming into columns and visually there is stronger contrast with background, can be only achieved and highlighted regard is carried out to Three-Dimensional Battle formation
Feel effect.In U.S. army's operation symbol standard MIL-STD-2525X series, by the background frame that colors in for setting two-dimentional label
(Frame), it realizes military label to detach with the vision of background, highlights individual display.It can be by certain saturating in Three-dimensional Display
The three-dimensional background frame that colors in for surrounding ball and carrying out simulating two-dimensional label of lightness, realizes same background separation, highlighted effect.
Based on mentioned above principle, the present invention proposes that a kind of view-based access control model perceives the operation formation visualization side of topological relation model
Method specifically comprises the following steps：
Step 1, the location information set of each individual in formation of fighting is obtained, is sat including three-dimensional world coordinate and two-dimentional longitude and latitude
It marks (ignoring elevation information).
Wherein, set W={ Wi| i=1,2 ..., n }, WiFor the three-dimensional world coordinate of i-th of individual, n forms into columns to fight
In individual sum；
Set G={ Gi| i=1,2 ..., n }, GiTwo-dimentional latitude coordinates for i-th of individual；
Set R={ Ri| i=1,2 ..., n }, RiThe three-dimensional of threedimensional model for i-th of individual surrounds the radius of a ball.
Step 2, the incidence relation between structure operation formation individual.
Under normal circumstances, it fights against forming into columns and only there is set feature, individual only has membership with fighting against forming into columns, between individual
There is no specific connection relation, if establishing connection between arbitrary two individual, connection can be more, and crossover phenomenon is more tight
Weight, while formation visualization requirements of fighting can express the relevance between Personal in visual perception and express whole
Body covering area range feature, therefore, the connection between individual are chosen to for the difficult point in visualizing of forming into columns of fighting.For this purpose,
The present invention proposes：From the angle of the visual perception of people, by the visual correlation between individual and visual zone range come
Connection relation and the global concept formed into columns of fighting between expression operation formation individual, it is this to connect without true meaning
Justice, this view-based access control model perceive the connection relation between the individual established, referred to as visual perception topological relation.
For this purpose, the present invention is primarily based on the Connectivity Characteristics of minimum spanning tree, is built and expressed using minimal spanning tree algorithm
One group of connection relation of connectivity between operation formation Personal, these lines have preferable intend with the formation formed into columns of fighting
It is right, so as to reflect the fight framework characteristic formed into columns and the distribution in three dimensions, enhance and the formation formed into columns of fighting is perceived；
Meanwhile the convex polygon based on Minimum Convex Closure, expression overall area of coverage scoped features are built using Minimum Convex Closure algorithm
One group of connection relation, the profile and the area distribution on earth spherical surface that reflection operation is formed into columns；This two groups of connections are then combined with to close
System, removes repeating part therein, can express the internal correlation feature for formation of fighting and express the vision model fought and formed into columns
Feature is enclosed, operation can be visually portrayed more fully hereinafter and form into columns.
It forms into columns for the operation that individual total number is n, the line sum between individual is n (n-1)/2；Using the present invention
Minimum spanning tree generate number of edges be n-1；Most number of edges that Minimum Convex Closure generates are n, share 2n-1 items, therefore, using this
Total session number upper limit function T (n) of invention meets：
T (n)=min (n (n-1)/2,2n-1)
I.e.
Shown in curve of line sum upper limit function T (n) curve graphs as where Fig. 2 orbicular spots.
(1) as n >=5, by 2n-1<N (n-1)/2 is it is found that the session number sum of optimization is less than original line sum.
At this point, upper limit function is once linear function, and compared with original quadratic function, when n is larger, the session number of the method for the present invention
Amount will be reduced drastically and (be compared referring to situation on the right side of n=5 in Fig. 2).
(2) as n=3 or 4, in the worst cases, session number sum of the invention is equal to original line sum, such
It happening and is all distributed on boundary profile individual, such case is more extreme, so under general actual conditions, this
The number of buses of invention can be fewer (comparing referring to situation on the left of n=4 in Fig. 2) than original line sum.
Comprehensive (1), (2) are at most identical it is found that total line number of the method for the present invention can generally be reduced, before optimizing
Quadratic function is reduced to once linear function, when n is larger, reduces highly significant.
Specifically,
It step 2.1, i.e., should for spatial position set W in three-dimensional world coordinate (using WGS-84 geocentric coordinate systems)
With minimal spanning tree algorithm, the association line set EW between each individual is generated.
Implement minimal spanning tree algorithm in three-dimensional world coordinate (using WGS-84 geocentric coordinate systems), spatial position uses
Three-dimensional world coordinates expression can preferably embody the actual spatial distribution of each individual in three dimensions in formation of fighting.
In the present embodiment, using the Prim algorithms in minimal spanning tree algorithm, i.e., with any two body in forming into columns of fighting
Between Euclidean distance side between node power, using minimum spanning tree Prim algorithms, establish operation formation Personal it
Between incidence relation line set EW.Algorithms T-cbmplexity O (n2), time complexity is unrelated with the number on side.
Step 2.2, in two-dimentional longitude-latitude coordinates, i.e., for spatial position set G, using Minimum Convex Closure algorithm, generation
Convex closure set of node；Convex closure set of node is mapped in set W, according to the sequence of point sets, builds and makees in three-dimensional world coordinate system
The line set EG of war formation visual range incidence relation.
Shown from two-dimentional situation of battlefield it is different, chosen in Three-dimensional Display preferable viewpoint be the key that perceive situation.When
It needs selective analysis is specific to fight when forming into columns, generally requires and the interaction such as translated, rotated, scale for three-dimensional digital earth and grasp
After work, the positive apparent direction (i.e. viewpoint to the centre of sphere direction of the three-dimensional earth) for finally choosing viewpoint carries out detailed analysis, because this
Most military targets can be presented in mode in the visual field, convenient for holding whole situation, while in two three-dimensional situations from wider
In integration display, the direction and situation awareness display can preferable being consistent property, ensure two three-dimensional perceptions on the whole
On consistency.The present invention chooses common this direction of observation in practical application scene, to Minimum Convex Closure algorithm in graticules
Implement (to project in two-dimentional longitude and latitude space the operation formation individual in D world space, have ignored in two-dimensional coordinate system
Elevation information), the usual way being more conform in Study on Trend service application, at this point, can be preferable by the profile that convex closure is built
The geographic range for fighting and forming into columns and integrally being covered on the specific visual direction is embodied, line is relatively fewer, and intersection can also compare
It is few, in principle for because being convex closure, can not possibly intersect on the specific visual direction.It theoretically can also be in three-dimensional
Using three-dimensional algorithm of convex hull in space, but if in this way, the wiring quantity between individual will be more, can aggravate
The crossover phenomenon of line in three dimensions.
In the present embodiment, using Minimum Convex Closure Graham algorithms, convex closure set of node is generated.The Algorithms T-cbmplexity is O
(nlgn), and time complexity is unrelated with the number on side.
Step 2.3, the incidence relation line set that step 2.1 is obtained with step 2.2 is merged, obtains new side collection
It closes：E=EW ∪ EG, and remove repetition side therein.The incidence relation between each individual of formation of fighting is obtained as a result,.
The present invention sketches the contours of the fight framework characteristic formed into columns and the distribution in three dimensions using minimal spanning tree algorithm,
Using minimum spanning tree connectivity and most short ensure that preferable visual range.Wherein, Connectedness assurance, which is fought, forms into columns
In each individual association visually, can directly embody the concertedness fought and formed into columns between individual.It is examined from the formation for formation of fighting
Worry, fighting against forming into columns meets the propinquity principle in space, this is because if led to certain between the individual in forming into columns of fighting
Gateway system, fire support when military relations, these individual positions spatially can relatively, space length it is most short
This spacial proximity is preferably embodied, therefore the line that algorithms selection goes out can approach the formation shape fought and formed into columns substantially,
Also can be relatively good with fighting the formation fitting degree formed into columns, and minimum spanning tree can reflect the overall skeleton fought and formed into columns
Feature can coincide to the visual perception of operation flight pattern with operational commanding personnel substantially, and algorithm does not change really
Spatial position embodies the conformality principle fought and formed into columns.By minimum spanning tree, find between each individual in forming into columns of fighting
Sum of the distance it is most short, can preferably embody and connect between individual more short, the abutment points for meeting Sugiyama propositions are empty
Between position proximity (longest edge is as short as possible), ensure that visualization in individual between distance visually have it is shorter
Property, meet the most short feature of human visual perception.By line crossover phenomenon existing for analysis, discovery occurs in the line intersected
In the presence of longer line, and by the most short of minimum spanning tree, the line of discovery is all objectively with centainly most short
Property, and there is spacial proximity, it then follows it is connected nearby, there is no that longer line occurs, significantly the company of reducing
The crossover phenomenon of line.The connection acyclicity of minimum spanning tree also ensure be not in line ring occur, this is to a certain degree
On also mitigate intersect line appearance.Minimum spanning tree makes line of the operation in forming into columns between each individual reduce in quantity：
(n-1) line is reduced to by original n (n-1)/2 line, also can largely mitigate the intersection between line.On
Analytic explanation is stated, minimum spanning tree can preferably mitigate the appearance for intersecting line, meet the basic demand of aesthetic beauty principle.It is overall
For, minimal spanning tree algorithm select operation form into columns individual between connection relation have simultaneously visual connectivity and
Distance is more short between individual, ensure that with preferable visual range, is visually to visualize operation formation internal junction
The important evidence of structure and operation flight pattern.
The convex polygon and compactness of Minimum Convex Closure ensure that with preferable visual range.Pass through Minimum Convex Closure algorithm
The connection relation of the expression overall area of coverage scoped features of structure can preferably express the vision profile fought and formed into columns.Profile
On line number it is less, most n-1 lines, and because profile be convex polygon, the line of profile is not in objectively
Intersect, essentially eliminate crossover phenomenon, meet aesthetic beauty principle.The profile of structure can preferably embody operation and form into columns in geography
On whole coverage area, also embody the globality fought and formed into columns to a certain extent, visually have preferably cohesion sense with it is tight
It gathers sense, meets principle of whole.In general convex polygon meets people than general polygon with more preferable visual sense of beauty
" gestalt trend " property of psychology, also meets aesthetic beauty principle.On the whole, the individual connection relation that Minimum Convex Closure algorithms selection goes out
In terms of the visual range formed into columns in Visualization operation there is excellent visual characteristic, be that visually visualization operation is formed into columns
The important evidence of contour feature.
Step 3, the incidence relation set E obtained according to step 2 is fought in forming into columns in three dimensions between each individual
Corresponding line segment geometric element is built, expresses visual correlation relationship；Threedimensional model radius corresponding to individual each in formation of fighting
Information in set R builds corresponding three-dimensional encirclement geometry of sphere element, enhancing visual display etc..
Specifically, constructing line geometry visible elements in three dimensions first, the line obtains final for step 2
Association line set.The purpose of structure line is by this geometric element of additional wire segments, visually expresses Three-Dimensional Battle and compiles
Team's interdependencies and this kind of abstracted information of edge feature.The endpoint location of line is the true of corresponding individual during operation is formed into columns
Practical three-dimensional space position.During line is constructed, three-dimensional encirclement ball is passed through at the both ends to avoid line, and vision is caused to be mixed
Disorderly, need to crop line in the three-dimensional part surrounded in ball, that removes line and three-dimensional encirclement ball is superimposed interference.The thickness of line
Setting is appropriate, can carefully weaken very much visual perception.
Secondly three-dimensional encirclement geometry of sphere visible elements are constructed：Added to the threedimensional model for each individual of formation of fighting with one
Determine the three-dimensional of transparency and surround geometry of sphere body.The visually visual range feature of Enhanced expressing individual, enhancing and peripheral object
Separation, avoid obscuring with three-dimensional scenic background colour, enhance threedimensional model and the comparison significance degree of background, reach prominent aobvious
Show the visual effect of individual, meet highlighting property principle.In above-mentioned building process, operation formation true three-dimension spatial position is always
It keeps, any visual adjustment was not done in visualization process, meet in conformality principle to the vision of position not
It is denaturalized constraint requirements.
Step 4, visual color element is set：
Coloring setting is carried out, and in step 3 to the corresponding threedimensional model of individual each in formation of fighting in three dimensions
Geometric element carry out consistency color setting, ensure visually consistency of colour.
Color is the most important factor in the visual perception of people, is the fundamental for visualizing Vision Design, and color is set
Meet military regulation requirement.When using threedimensional model display, the threedimensional model coloring side in U.S. army " red flag " manoeuvre is used for reference
Formula：Texture is shielded, removes interference of texture factor, retains shape, strengthens shape, then carries out the coloring of solid color (to avoid
Identification is difficult, in practical applications, can show that word distinguishes individual by the label of threedimensional model), it can greatly less three-dimensional
The interference of model texture increases the comparison significance with background.When setting transparency, the transparency of line, encirclement ball is set
It is appropriate to put, and line surrounds ball compared with individual in formation of fighting, and individual is concern main body, and individual transparency is set as possible
It is opaque, by the hierarchical design strategy of color clarity, reach the design idea for visually strengthening individual display.Pass through color
Consistency setting, enhance entire visual globality of forming into columns of fighting from color this visible elements, fully demonstrated complete
The basic principles such as whole property, highlighting property, aesthetic beauty.
Step 5, by step 3, each element of vision in step 4 is converted into 3-D graphic expression format, using 3-D graphic
Engine carries out three-dimensional rendering, obtains final visualization figure.
Operation formation three-dimensional visualization is carried out based on three dimentional graph display OSG 3.0.1, Visual Studio 2010C++
Arithmetic programming is realized, verifies four basic principles and the validity of visualized algorithm using flight formation use-case, algorithm is not used
It is preceding with using after algorithm, referred to as before optimization with after optimization.
First, several flight formations are worked out, experimental design is as shown in table 1.
1 operation formation experimental design of table
(1) the five irregular formation of machine
Using before algorithm as shown in figure 3, using after algorithm as shown in Figure 4.
(2) the four Chinese character pin-shaped formation of machine
Before algorithm, as shown in Figure 5.
Vision decomposes display：Only by Prim algorithm process, the connectivity inside forming into columns of fighting is shown, as shown in Figure 6.
Vision decomposes display：The profile visual range only formed into columns by Graham algorithm process, displaying operation, such as Fig. 7 institutes
Show.
Vision synthesis display：Using Prim algorithms and Graham algorithm overlap-add procedures, displaying interdependencies and profile model
The visual general performance of these abstracted informations of enclosing property, as shown in Figure 8.
(3) five machine wedge shapes are formed into columns
Using effect after algorithm, as shown in Figure 9.
(4) four machine prismatics are formed into columns
Using effect after algorithm, as shown in Figure 10.
For above-mentioned experiment, line situation is counted as shown in table 2, Figure 11, and the theoretical upper limit is calculated using formula (1).
Table 2 optimizes front and rear line number and crossing instances statistical form
As shown in Figure 11, the number of line reduces (equal under worst case) after optimization, totally reduces 9, totally puts down
Reduce 37% (the 2nd group does not change, therefore do not count), no more than the theoretical upper limit；There are three groups to intersect before optimization, it is excellent
Crossover phenomenon disappears after change.Generally, operation formation visual perception topological relation model has line number is few, intersection is few etc.
Advantage.
Compared with optimizing front and rear-viewedization effect with Fig. 8 with Fig. 4, Fig. 5 by Fig. 3；Fig. 9, Figure 10 after optimization, it can be seen that：
Before optimization：Threedimensional model is easily obscured with background, does not protrude；Model texture color difference is big, visually globality poor；
Line is more, intersects, relatively more mixed and disorderly.After optimization：Entire formation globality enhancing；Display is more prominent；With symmetry
Formation, show visual symmetry；Line is less, does not intersect, and line trend can be fitted the team for fighting and forming into columns substantially
Shape shape.
Summary experimental result, using the visualization basic principle formed into columns of fighting as evaluation criterion, to the effect of algorithm into
Row assessment：
Principle of whole：Additional line is this kind of pumping of scoped features of the relevance and profile of operation formation Personal
Image information has carried out preferable vision and has presented；Consistency of colour also enhances globality effect.
Aesthetic beauty principle：Line without intersecting, having convex polygon boundary, symmetrical sex expression apparent etc., visually have compared with
Good aesthetic feeling.
Highlighting property principle：Three-dimensional surrounds the visual range that ball is highlighted individual, is carried on the back with peripheral object and digital earth
The comparison of scape is than stronger.
Conformality principle：Any visualization not being carried out to position individual in formation of fighting to adjust, line is more reasonable,
It is basic to be fitted the formation shape fought and formed into columns, meet formation visual perception rule of the people to formation of fighting.
In conclusion the foregoing is merely a prefered embodiment of the invention, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of view-based access control model perceives the operation formation method for visualizing of topological relation model, which is characterized in that including walking as follows
Suddenly：
Step 1, in three-dimensional world coordinate system, according to the three-dimensional world coordinate for each individual of formation of fighting, using minimum spanning tree
Incidence edge between algorithm generation individual, obtains the individual internal correlation line set EW for fighting and forming into columns；
Step 2, in two-dimentional latitude and longitude coordinates system, according to the latitude and longitude coordinates for each individual of formation of fighting, using Minimum Convex Closure method
The incidence edge between convex closure set of node and each convex closure node is generated, and the incidence edge between convex closure node is mapped to step 1 institute
In the three-dimensional world coordinate system stated, the profile association line set EG that the operation under world coordinate system is formed into columns is obtained；
Step 3, the operation that the individual internal correlation line set EW and step 2 that the operation that merging step 1 obtains is formed into columns are obtained is formed into columns
Profile association line set EG, and remove the incidence edge of repetition, obtain the incidence edge that final operation is formed into columns between each individual；
Step 4, visualization processing is carried out to the final incidence edge that step 3 obtains, completes the visualization formed into columns of fighting.
2. view-based access control model as described in claim 1 perceives the operation formation method for visualizing of topological relation model, feature exists
In, the minimal spanning tree algorithm is Prim algorithms, wherein, the Europe weighed between two node on the side between arbitrary two node
Family name's distance.
3. view-based access control model as described in claim 1 perceives the operation formation method for visualizing of topological relation model, feature exists
In the Minimum Convex Closure method is Graham algorithms.
4. view-based access control model as described in claim 1 perceives the operation formation method for visualizing of topological relation model, feature exists
In in the step 4, corresponding the three-dimensional of threedimensional model of each individual of structure operation formation first surrounds ball；Then according to step 3
The final incidence edge obtained draws the company between the corresponding threedimensional model of each individual of formation of fighting in three-dimensional world coordinate system
Line, and crop in the three-dimensional tie-portion surrounded inside ball；Three-dimensional rendering is carried out to three-dimensional ball and the line after cutting of surrounding,
Obtain final visualization figure.
5. view-based access control model as claimed in claim 4 perceives the operation formation method for visualizing of topological relation model, feature exists
In the three-dimensional ball that surrounds has certain transparency.
6. view-based access control model as claimed in claim 4 perceives the operation formation method for visualizing of topological relation model, feature exists
In the line surrounded after ball, cutting to the three-dimensional of each individual and each individual in formation of fighting carries out coloring treatment, and color is protected
It holds consistent.
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