CN108254718A - Multiple target angle ambiguity solution method based on angle measuring interferometer - Google Patents

Multiple target angle ambiguity solution method based on angle measuring interferometer Download PDF

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CN108254718A
CN108254718A CN201711260429.4A CN201711260429A CN108254718A CN 108254718 A CN108254718 A CN 108254718A CN 201711260429 A CN201711260429 A CN 201711260429A CN 108254718 A CN108254718 A CN 108254718A
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angle
matrix
interferometer
ambiguity
array element
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CN108254718B (en
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廖桂生
杨志伟
申皓明
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Xidian University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/06—Position of source determined by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements

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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of multiple target angle ambiguity solution methods based on angle measuring interferometer, and mainly solving the prior art can not solve with the estimation problem of multi-target signal two dimension angular worked at the same time frequently.Implementation step：Phase difference matrix between acquisition multipassage rotary interferometer array element；The interference data matrix that acquisition multipassage rotary interferometer different moments in rotary course receive；To data matrix make before to space smoothing handle and calculate smoothly after signal autocorrelation matrix；Make Eigenvalues Decomposition to correlation matrix, calculate spectral function, and pass through spectrum peak search and obtain direction ambiguity curve distribution figure；By direction ambiguity curve projection to parameter space, parameter adds up to obtain the two dimension angular estimation of different target.The present invention can simultaneously to the two dimension angular ambiguity solutions of multiple targets, calculate each target without fuzzy two-dimensional angle information.The two dimension angular estimation of spaceborne angle measuring interferometer in being scouted for space electronic.

Description

Multiple target angle ambiguity solution method based on angle measuring interferometer
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of data processing, more particularly to a kind of multiple target angle solution mould based on angle measuring interferometer Formulating method, the two dimension angular available for spaceborne angle measuring interferometer is estimated, and then is scouted for space electronic.
Background technology
With the growth of demand and the development of science and technology, reconnaissance spacecraft has become the important hand for obtaining various information Section, there is the status that can not be substituted in modern war.Target positioning is an important application of reconnaissance spacecraft, it is obtained Target location be one of information mostly important in reconnaissance.And how to improve the pass that positioning accuracy is object locating system Key.
For traditional processing mode：(1) single star angle finding position fixing, advantage is that system is easily achieved, but due to antenna hole The limitation of diameter and load, direction finding precision is not high, and needs to observe for a long time, poor to high-speed moving object positioning accuracy, can not Target in short-term is positioned.(2) phase-interfer-ometer direction-finding technology has the advantages such as precision is high, real-time, and system complexity is low, But this method exists without fuzzy contradiction between angular field of view and angle measurement accuracy, and baseline is longer, and angle measurement accuracy is higher, the mould of generation Paste is more serious.(3) traditional Angle measurement disambiguity algorithm based on angle measuring interferometer can be solved effectively without fuzzy angular field of view and angle measurement Contradictory problems between precision carry out two dimension angular estimation by the phase difference sequence measured under different corners, can be to work The different same frequency target source signal of duration is detected, and estimating for multiple target angle is completed by the difference of each target source in time Meter, but the multi-target signal worked at the same time for same frequency is can not to differentiate, algorithm failure.(4) traditional array letter Number processing mode can solve the problems, such as multiple target angles estimations, but the influence to avoid direction ambiguity, array element spacing do not surpass Cross half-wavelength.Spaceborne array is to obtain higher resolution ratio to need larger array aperture, it is meant that needs many array element.By In load limitation, spaceborne array elements number is less, and the aperture of array is too small, and the performance of alignment system is very restricted.
Interferometer class method can only solve single goal situation, and algorithm fails under same frequency simultaneously multi-target condition, It is and more demanding to signal-to-noise ratio；ARRAY PROCESSING mode is, it can be achieved that multiple target angle direction finding, but to obtain higher resolution ratio needs Larger array aperture needs more array element.Due to load limitation, spaceborne array battle array array element number is less, as the sparse row of array During cloth, it may appear that direction ambiguity phenomenon can not realize that target angle is estimated.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to propose a kind of multiple target angle based on angle measuring interferometer realized using Sparse array Spend ambiguity solution method.
The present invention is a kind of multiple target angle ambiguity solution method based on angle measuring interferometer, which is characterized in that including just like Lower step：
(1) system modelling is obtained with phase difference matrix：System modelling is carried out to multipassage rotary interferometer, if rotational interference Instrument has N number of array element, and array element spacing is d, and wherein d=m (λ/2), d ＞ ＞ λ/2, the rotational angular velocity of angle measuring interferometer is ω, empty Between in have L signal, obtain phase difference matrix Φ (t) between angle measuring interferometer array element；
(2) data matrix after accumulating is obtained：Obtain the interference data matrix that multipassage rotary interferometer is received in t moment X0(t), the accumulation of M snap, the one-dimensional interference data matrix X after being accumulated are carried out and1(t)；
(3) each submatrix correlation matrix is calculated：To one-dimensional interference data matrix X1(t) it is handled before carrying out to space smoothing, meter Calculate one-dimensional interference data matrix X1(t) the one-dimensional interference data matrix XS (t) of each submatrix, the correlation matrix RS of each submatrix (t) and interference data correlation matrix RX(t)；
Linear array 3a) is divided into the subarray of Q array element composition, common N-Q+1, the data vector of different array elements is carried out Combination, obtains the data matrix XS of each submatrix1(t),XS2(t),...,XSN-Q+1(t)；
Autocorrelative solution 3b) is carried out to the data matrix being obtained, obtains the correlation matrix RS (t) of each submatrix, and calculate Interference data correlation matrix R after space smoothingX(t)；
(4) one-dimensional direction ambiguity curve point is obtained by constantly doing spectrum peak search in multipassage rotary interferometer rotary course Butut：To interference data correlation matrix RX(t) Eigenvalues Decomposition is carried out, and passes through linear search and obtains direction ambiguity curve distribution Figure；
4a) to interference data correlation matrix RX(t) Eigenvalues Decomposition is carried out, by obtained L big eigenvalue λs1,λ2,λ3… λLCorresponding characteristic vector fs1,fs2,...,fsLForm signal subspace US, by the corresponding feature of remaining N-L small characteristic value Vector fn1,fn2,...,fnN-LForm noise subspace UN；
4b) the steering vector a (θ) of one-dimensional angle to noise subspace is projected, obtains spectral function P (θ), wherein θ is one Compound angle is tieed up, θ ∈ (- 90 °, 90 °) carry out spectrum peak search to spectral function P (θ), spectrum peak is recorded to the angle at corresponding moment Spend Fuzzy Distribution matrixWhereinFor peak angle, whereinIt rotates a circle in angle measuring interferometer In the process, by the different estimation moment to the peak records that spectral function searches to the direction ambiguity distribution matrix at corresponding momentIn, obtain corresponding direction ambiguity curve distribution figure；
(5) for the parameter extraction of Composite Triangular function angle fuzzy curve distribution map：If signal source azimuth angle is α, Middle α ∈ (0 °, 360 °), signal source pitch angle are β, wherein β ∈ (0 °, 90 °), by direction ambiguity distribution matrixIt projects to Parameter accumulation is done in the parameter space that azimuth and pitch angle are formed, extracts two dimension angular information；
5a) setting parameter space accumulated matrix CA enables azimuth angle alpha spend variation from 0 to 360, according toIn pointCalculate the value of pitch angle β under different α values, if β within (0~90 °) range, in parameter space accumulated matrix Add up 1 at CA (α, β) position；If β within (0~90 °) range, does not give up the secondary result of calculation, until direction ambiguity point Cloth matrixMiddle all the points are all calculated；
5b) CA (α, β) matrix is traversed, search obtains L maximum peak value, and the coordinate position of each peak value represents The azimuth of the target, pitching angle information, the coordinate value of l-th of peak value present position is respectively the azimuth angle alpha of the targetl, bow Elevation angle βl, multiple target ambiguity solution is completed, realizes target angle information positioning.
The present invention can only estimate multiple targets in the two dimension angular with frequency difference or in the case of the time difference for the prior art Information the problem of being unable to estimate with the two dimension angular information of multi-target signal worked at the same time frequently, is realized to multiple targets DOA estimate, obtain the location information in specified regional signal source.
Technical advantage of the invention compared with prior art：
(1) present invention establishes multipassage rotary interferometer system, it is possible thereby to by way of Power estimation in ARRAY PROCESSING It realizes the resolution of multiple target, one-dimensional angle estimation is carried out to the space Multiple Target Signals data that array element receives, obtains multiple mesh The Fuzzy Distribution of the one-dimensional compound angle of target, so as to fulfill the resolution of multiple signal sources, the multi signal worked at the same time for same frequency Source situation is also suitable.The present invention solve the problems, such as existing interferometer method can only estimate the two dimension angular information of single target with And Sparse array direction finding fuzzy problem, the two dimension angular estimation of multiple targets is realized, because the present invention utilizes ARRAY PROCESSING Mode differentiates multiple target, therefore reduces the requirement to signal-to-noise ratio.
(2) present invention solves the angle measurement fuzzy problem of the sparse arrangement of array element using the rotation of antenna baseline, allows antenna base Line rotates, and the fuzzy value of one-dimensional compound angle is made to be done according to certain rule and is changed, and obtains one-dimensional compound angle fuzzy curve point Butut again projects to distribution map in parameter space, and carrying out parameter extraction to angle fuzzy curve in parameter space obtains difference The two dimension angular information of signal realizes multiple target angle ambiguity solution；The present invention is by the variation of the direction ambiguity value of each target with not With curve present, the problem of avoiding different target angle automatching.
(3) present invention realizes the estimation of two dimension angular information using sparse one dimensional linear array, arranges with traditional array antenna Mode is compared, and reduces array element number, reduces system complexity, is easy to Project Realization.Multi-channel interferometer system uses dilute It dredges and structures the formation, just can obtain larger antenna aperture using a small amount of array element, improve direction finding precision reduces at array signal simultaneously Manage the operand of Power estimation algorithm.
Description of the drawings
The present invention is described in further details in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the realization flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is traditional angle measuring interferometer illustraton of model；
Fig. 3 is the multipassage rotary interferometer illustraton of model of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the angle measuring interferometer single angle estimation direction ambiguity distribution map that the present invention calculates；
Fig. 5 is that the angle measuring interferometer that calculates of the present invention rotates a circle direction ambiguity curve distribution figure；
Fig. 6 is the parameter accumulation figure after the direction ambiguity curve projection to parameter space for calculating the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the pitching dimension distribution map of parameter accumulation figure；
Fig. 8 is the azimuth dimension distribution map of parameter accumulation figure；
Fig. 9 figures that are the method for the present invention compared with mean square error of the conventional dry interferometer method under different signal-to-noise ratio.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to the detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
There are problems for existing spaceborne passive direction finding technology：Conventional dry interferometer direction finding system can only estimate single goal situation or more A target has a case that frequency difference or the two dimension angular information of the time difference, is unable to estimate with the two of Multiple Target Signals worked at the same time frequently Angle information is tieed up, the required precision of phase difference between array element of interferometer direction finding system is higher, in order to obtain the smaller estimation of error As a result, it is desirable to higher signal-to-noise ratio；Traditional array direction finding mode can solve multi-objective problem, but realize the two dimension of target Direction finding needs more array element, and due to load limitation, spaceborne array elements number is less, and the aperture of array is smaller, alignment system Performance be very restricted
The present invention proposes a kind of multiple target angle ambiguity solution method based on angle measuring interferometer by research and experiment, referring to Fig. 1, including having the following steps：
(1) system modelling is obtained with phase difference matrix：Traditional angle measuring interferometer is only there are two channel, referring to Fig. 2, Wu Fali With the mode of array signal processing, target angle ambiguity solution can only be carried out, therefore same to same frequency using phase difference relationship between array element When multi-target condition be that can not solve, and the present invention propose multipassage rotary interferometer system, referring to Fig. 3, of the invention is more Channel angle measuring interferometer system, angle measuring interferometer have N number of array element, i.e. multichannel, and array element spacing is d, wherein d=m (λ/2), d ＞ ＞ λ/2, the rotational angular velocity of angle measuring interferometer is ω, has L signal, wherein L in space<N can obtain angle measuring interferometer array element Between phase difference matrix Φ (t).Although only identifying the orientation of an echo signal in Fig. 3, the present invention is logical due to increasing Road number, the baseline rotation of cooperation antenna can be to multi-sources distinguishing.Interferometer system is configured to a Sparse array by the present invention, is increased Add element number of array, that is, increased the dimension of signal observation, while expanded antenna aperture again, improve direction finding precision.Processing Mode uses the mode of Power estimation in array signal processing, the multi-target condition of same frequency simultaneously is also suitable, at array The theory of reason can at most complete the angle estimation of N-1 signal, therefore the present invention can be very good to realize the resolution of multiple target.
N=12 in this example, L=4, d=10 (λ/2).The present invention utilizes the angle measuring interferometer system of multichannel, passes through array The mode of Power estimation obtains the resolution of multiple target in processing, for because the direction ambiguity that the sparse arrangement of array element generates, utilizes day The rotation of line baseline is solved, and realizes the estimation of multi-target two-dimensional angle.
(2) data matrix after accumulating is obtained：Data are received through multipassage rotary interferometer system array element, utilize ARRAY PROCESSING The mode of middle Power estimation, which carries out target resolution, to be needed to receive array element data progress snap accumulation.Obtain multipassage rotary interferometer In the interference data matrix X that t moment receives0(t), echo signal data and noise data are included in data, and to data Carry out M snap accumulation, the one-dimensional interference data matrix X after being accumulated1(t)。
(3) each submatrix correlation matrix is calculated：Since angle measuring interferometer rotates, when angle measuring interferometer rotates to centainly Angle when, the signals of multiple targets generates coherent phenomena because of steering vector consistent, it is therefore desirable to signal Correlation Moment Battle array makees smoothing processing, and smoothing processing is done using the preceding correlation matrix collected mail number of docking to the mode of space smoothing in the present invention.It is right One-dimensional interference data matrix X1(t) it is handled before carrying out to space smoothing, calculates one-dimensional interference data matrix X1(t) each submatrix in One-dimensional interference data matrix XS (t), each submatrix correlation matrix RS (t) and interference data correlation matrix RX(t)。
Linear array 3a) is divided into the subarray of Q array element composition, common N-Q+1, the data vector of different array elements is carried out Combination, obtains the data matrix XS of each submatrix1(t),XS2(t),...,XSN-Q+1(t)；The linear array of the present invention is exactly substantially more The receiving channel of channel angle measuring interferometer system.Q=8 in this example, submatrix number totally 5.
Autocorrelative solution 3b) is carried out to the data matrix being obtained, obtains the correlation matrix RS (t) of each submatrix, and calculate Interference data correlation matrix R after space smoothingX(t), interference data correlation matrix R is utilizedX(t) Power estimation is carried out, avoids phase Influence of the dry signal to Power estimation.
(4) one-dimensional direction ambiguity curve point is obtained by constantly doing spectrum peak search in multipassage rotary interferometer rotary course Butut：Using array signal Power estimation processing mode on the basis of multipassage rotary interferometer system, to interference data correlation Matrix RX(t) it carries out Eigenvalues Decomposition and does spectrum peak search, thus obtain the direction ambiguity value of each target, realize multiple target It differentiates, same frequency synchronous signal source can also be differentiated.L=4 in this example, d=10 (λ/2) can search for altogether to 40 Direction ambiguity value.Angle analysis is carried out using one-dimensional spectrum peak search during spectrum peak search, avoids two-dimentional spectrum peak search, is dropped Low algorithm complexity；The present invention makes the direction ambiguity of each target in compound using the rotation of interferometer antenna baseline again simultaneously Trigonometric curve changes, and wherein the first phase of curve represents azimuth and the pitch angle of target with amplitude respectively.Multipassage rotary is done Interferometer rotation is also referred to as the rotation of antenna baseline.It is specific to perform following operate：
4a) the interference data correlation matrix R to being rotated by multipassage rotary interferometerX(t) characteristic value point is carried out Solution, by obtained L big eigenvalue λs1,λ2,λ3…λLCorresponding characteristic vector fs1,fs2,...,fsLForm signal subspace US, By the corresponding characteristic vector fn of remaining N-L small characteristic value1,fn2,...,fnN-LForm noise subspace UN；
4b) the steering vector a (θ) of one-dimensional angle to noise subspace is projected, obtains spectral function P (θ), wherein θ is one Compound angle is tieed up, θ ∈ (- 90 °, 90 °) carry out spectrum peak search, by peak records to the angle at corresponding moment to spectral function P (θ) Fuzzy Distribution matrixWhereinFor peak angle, whereinIn the mistake that angle measuring interferometer rotates a circle Cheng Zhong, by the different estimation moment to the peak records that spectral function searches to the direction ambiguity distribution matrix at corresponding momentIn, referring to Fig. 4；Corresponding direction ambiguity curve distribution figure is obtained by the spectrum peak searched is chronological, referring to Fig. 5.The present invention is presented the variation of the direction ambiguity value of each target with different curves, avoids different target angle automatching Problem.
(5) for the parameter extraction of Composite Triangular function angle fuzzy curve distribution map：Because in direction ambiguity curve only It is related to azimuth, pitch angle two-dimensional signal, carrying out parameter accumulation to angle fuzzy curve using the thought of Hough variations can be real Now efficient parameter extraction.If signal source azimuth angle be α, wherein α ∈ (0 °, 360 °), signal source pitch angle be β, wherein β ∈ (0 °, 90 °), by direction ambiguity distribution matrixIt projects in the parameter space of azimuth and pitch angle composition and does parameter accumulation, Extract two dimension angular information.L=4 in this example, therefore 4 peak values can be obtained in parameter space, 4 space mesh are corresponded to respectively Mark.
5a) setting parameter space accumulated matrix CA enables azimuth angle alpha spend variation from 0 to 360, according toIn pointCalculate the value of pitch angle β under different α values, if β within (0~90 °) range, in parameter space accumulated matrix Add up 1 at CA (α, β) position；If β within (0~90 °) range, does not give up the secondary result of calculation, until direction ambiguity point Cloth matrixMiddle all the points are all calculated.
5b) parameter space accumulated matrix CA (α, β) matrix is traversed, search obtains L maximum peak value, Mei Gefeng The coordinate position of value represents the azimuth of the target, and pitching angle information, the coordinate value of l-th of peak value present position is respectively the mesh Target azimuth angle alphal, pitch angle βl, multiple target ambiguity solution is completed, realizes target angle information positioning.4 mesh are estimated in this example Target two dimension angular information, including azimuth and pitch angle.
The present invention establishes multipassage rotary interferometer system, and multiple targets are obtained by way of Power estimation in ARRAY PROCESSING One-dimensional compound angle fuzzy value, realize the resolution of multiple target.For because generating serious direction ambiguity during the sparse arrangement of array element Problem, the present invention utilize the rotation of antenna baseline, the fuzzy value of one-dimensional angle are made to be done according to certain rule and is changed, obtains one-dimensional angle Degree fuzzy curve distribution map again projects to distribution map in parameter space, and parameter is carried out to angle fuzzy curve in parameter space Extraction obtains the two dimension angular information of unlike signal, realizes multiple target angle ambiguity solution, obtains the DOA estimate of multiple targets, Obtain the location information in specified regional signal source.
Embodiment 2
Multiple target angle ambiguity solution method based on angle measuring interferometer is the same as embodiment 1, wherein angle measuring interferometer in step (1) Phase difference matrix Φ (t) between array element is represented as follows：
Wherein, N is interferometer array element number, and L is to have a signal number in space, and d is array element spacing, and d ＞ ＞ λ/2.ω For angle measuring interferometer in xOy planes around the angular speed of first array element uniform circular motion in the counterclockwise direction, α1,α2,..., αL,β1,β2,...,βLThe azimuth of respectively each signal, pitch angle, signal wavelength λ.Sample frequency is fs, the value of t is
The present invention establishes multipassage rotary interferometer system, compared to two channels of traditional angle measuring interferometer, increases more Interferometer system is configured to a Sparse array, increases element number of array by a array element channel, that is, increases the dimension of signal observation Degree, while antenna aperture is expanded again, improve direction finding precision.The array element number of multipassage rotary interferometer system is much smaller than biography System array elements number, system complexity is relatively low, is easy to Project Realization.
Embodiment 3
Multiple target angle ambiguity solution method based on angle measuring interferometer is the same as embodiment 1-2, wherein multipassage rotary in step 2 The interference data matrix X that interferometer is received in t moment0(t), represent as follows：
Above formula is denoted as：
X0(t)=Φ (t) S (t)+N (t)
The x in formula1(t),x2(t),...,xN(t) data received for each array element, s1(t),s2(t),...,sL(t) it is The carrier frequency of each spacing wave, n1(t),n2(t),...,nN(t) it is the white Gaussian noise of each array element channel, Normal Distribution N (0,σ2)。X0(t) the reception data vector sampled for array, Φ (t) tie up phase difference transformation matrices for N × L.S (t) is represented Spacing wave, N (t) represent noise matrix.
The present invention uses Power estimation processing method in array signal in processing mode, therefore to the resolution energy of target number Power improves a lot, it can be achieved that the N-1 same angle estimations for working at the same time signal frequently, have broken traditional angle measuring interferometer to target Number limits, while reduces the requirement to Signal-to-Noise.It is sparse row that angle measuring interferometer system array element is put forward in the present invention Cloth realizes that larger antenna aperture need to only utilize a small amount of array element, therefore the calculation amount in array signal Power estimation algorithm is smaller.
Embodiment 4
Multiple target angle ambiguity solution method based on angle measuring interferometer with embodiment 1-3,
The present invention projects the steering vector a (θ) of one-dimensional angle to two-dimentional noise subspace, obtains one-dimensional compound angle θ Distribution, wherein step 4b) in the calculating of spectral function P (θ) carried out according to equation below：
The steering vector of wherein one-dimensional angle θ ∈ (- 90 °, 90 °), H are operated for matrix transposition, carry out spectrum peak search to spectral function P (θ) in entire θ value ranges, thus Realize the resolution of multiple target.If the angle estimation frequency of angle measuring interferometer is fE, wherein fE＜ ＜ fS, interferometer rotates a circle angle The degree estimation moment is tE, tEValue isBy tESpectrum peak Γ (the t that moment searches forE) be recorded accordingly The direction ambiguity distribution matrix at momentIn, whereinFor peak angle, whereinL represents different letters The label in number source, i represent the label of the different fuzzy values of same signal, wherein l ∈ (1, L), i ∈ (1, m), according to equation below It carries out：
By tESpectrum peak Γ (the t that moment searches forE) the direction ambiguity distribution matrix at corresponding moment is recorded In, it is carried out according to equation below：
In formula, H is operated for matrix transposition,ForThe spectrum peak at moment, and so on.
The present invention carries out spectral peak when angle measuring interferometer rotates to different angle using the steering vector a (θ) of one-dimensional angle Search obtains the distribution of the one-dimensional compound angle θ of different moments, referring to Fig. 4, then spectrum peak is temporally arranged to obtain angle mould Distribution map is pasted, referring to Fig. 5, the variation of the direction ambiguity value of different target in Figure 5 is presented with different curves, avoids difference The problem of target angle matches, it is thus achieved that reconnaissance spacecraft subsequently only needs to extract to the multi-sources distinguishing in specified region Multi-target two-dimensional angle estimation can be completed in the parameter of different curves.
Embodiment 5
Multiple target angle ambiguity solution method based on angle measuring interferometer is with embodiment 1-4, wherein step 5a) in space add up Matrix C A is constructed as follows：
Angle precision in setting parameter space is P, setting parameter space accumulated matrix CA (x, y), and dimension isIts It is x × P and pitch angle as y × P that middle x, y represent azimuth respectively, initial time all elements zero setting, i.e.,：
The present invention using parameter space accumulated matrix carry out parameter add up, by curve to parameter space project after the completion of, Entire matrix can be traversed rapidly, obtain the two dimension angular estimation of all target components.
Embodiment 6
Multiple target angle ambiguity solution method based on angle measuring interferometer is with embodiment 1-5, wherein step 5a), in parameter sky Between in, when azimuth angle alpha is spent from 0 to 360 to be changed with angle precision P, the value of corresponding pitch angle β carries out as follows：
The present invention carries formula according to deriving direction ambiguity curvilinear motion formulaIt obtains, derivation is as follows：
If the pitch angle in spacing wave source is β, azimuth α, array element spacing is d=m (λ/2), then phase between two array elements Potential difference is expressed as：
WhereinThe phase difference between two array elements, the array element phase difference comprising two dimension angular information is one-dimensional with only including Compound angle information phase difference simultaneous, i.e.,：
For entire antenna rotary course, can obtain direction ambiguity curve distribution is：
WhereinFor the baseline position of different angle fuzzy curve, k is integer, and 2k π represent a cycle,The peak curve expression formula of extraction need to only consider the situation of k=0 in parameter Estimation. Then above formula becomes：
Pitch angle β can be calculated by above formula.
A more detailed example is given below, the present invention is further described
Embodiment 7
Multiple target angle ambiguity solution method based on angle measuring interferometer with embodiment 1-6,
With reference to Fig. 1, realization step of the invention is as follows：
Step 1:Phase difference matrix Φ (t) between acquisition multipassage rotary interferometer array element, as shown in Figure 2.
Multipassage rotary interferometer becomes, and array element spacing is d, wherein d ＞ ＞ λ/2, it is assumed that d=m (λ/2).If rotational interference Instrument is uniform circular motion, sample frequency f with angular velocity omega along clockwise direction in xOy planes around first array elements.Phase To first reference array element, remaining antenna receives signal and is：
Wherein s (t) represents the envelope of signal source, and the value of t isσnGauss white noise for array element Sound, Normal Distribution N (0, σ2)。It is poor relative to propagation phase caused by reference array element for t moment array element i.α, β distinguish For the azimuth of signal, pitch angle, signal wavelength λ, two antennas receive the phase difference of signal:
Assuming that interferometer has N number of array element, there is L signal in space, phase difference matrix is expressed as between interferometer array element：
Step 2:Obtain the interference data matrix X that multipassage rotary interferometer is received in t moment0(t)。
Being write the signal data that different array element t moments receive as a row can be denoted as：
Above formula is denoted as：
X0(t)=Φ (t) S (t)+N (t)
The x in formula1(t),x2(t),...,xN(t) data received for each array element, s1(t),s2(t),...,sL(t) it is The carrier frequency of each spacing wave, n1(t),n2(t),...,nN(t) it is the white Gaussian noise of each array element channel, Normal Distribution N (0,σ2)。X0(t) the reception data vector sampled for array, Φ (t) tie up phase difference transformation matrices for N × L.S (t) is represented Spacing wave, N (t) represent noise matrix.
By continuous N one-dimensional data matrix X0(t1),X0(t2),...,X0(tM) merge, obtain M snap accumulation data square Battle array X1(t).I.e.：
X1(t)=[X0(t1),X0(t2),...,X0(tM)]
Step 3:To data matrix X1(t) carry out before to space smoothing handle and calculate smoothly after signal auto-correlation Matrix RX(t)。
Forward direction smoothing processing be exactly by entire antenna partition be multiple submatrixs, will each submatrix correlation matrix be added after make even , the process of coherent signal source problem is solved, is realized as follows：
Linear array 3a) is divided into the subarray of Q array element composition, common N-Q+1 is a, wherein the 1st submatrix is to N-Q+1 The array element of submatrix is chosen for (1,2 ..., Q), (2,3 ..., Q+1) ..., (N-Q+1, N-Q+2 ..., N), to different array elements Data vector be combined, obtain the data matrix XS of each submatrix1(t),XS2(t),...,XSN-Q+1(t).Formula is as follows：
XSi(t)=[xi(t1),xi+1(t2),...,xi+Q(tM)]H,i∈(1,N-Q+1)
Autocorrelative solution 3b) is carried out to the data matrix being obtained, obtains submatrix autocorrelation matrix RS1(t),RS2 (t),...,RSN-Q+1(t), formula is as follows：
RSi(t)=XSi(t)XSi(t)H,i∈(1,N-Q+1)
3c) by each submatrix correlation matrix RS1(t),RS2(t),...,RSN-Q+1(t) be added after be averaged be calculated before to Correlation matrix R after smoothX(t), i.e.,：
Step 4:To correlation matrix RX(t) Eigenvalues Decomposition is carried out, calculates spectral function P (θ), and pass through spectrum peak search and obtain Direction ambiguity curve distribution figure.
4a) to correlation matrix RX(t) Eigenvalues Decomposition is carried out：
Wherein UXBe characterized the matrix that vector is formed, ∑ be characterized eigenvalue cluster corresponding to vector into diagonal matrix its Middle characteristic value is arranged in order by sequence from big to small, i.e. λ1≥λ2≥λ3≥…≥λL-1>λL=...=λN=σ2.By λ1,λ2, λ3…λLWait L big eigenvalue cluster diagonally battle array ∑S, the corresponding characteristic vector fs of big characteristic value1,fs2,...,fsLForm signal Subspace US.By λL+1,λL+2,λL+3…λNEtc. remaining N-L small eigenvalue clusters diagonally battle array ∑N, small characteristic value is corresponding right Answer characteristic vector fn1,fn2,...,fnN-LForm noise subspace UN。
4b) by the orthogonality relation of noise characteristic vector sum signal phasor, array manifold spectral function is obtained：
Whereinθ ∈ (- 90 °, 90 °), whole Spectrum peak search is carried out to spectral function P (θ) in a θ value ranges, is achieved in the resolution of multiple target.By tEWhat the moment searched for Spectrum peak Γ (tE) the direction ambiguity distribution matrix Γ (t at corresponding moment are recordedE) in, whereinFor peak angle,The label of l expression different signal sources, the label of the different fuzzy values of the same signal of i expressions, wherein l ∈ (1, L), i ∈ (1, m) is carried out according to equation below：
The angle estimation frequency of angle measuring interferometer 4c) is set as fE, wherein fE＜ ＜ fS.Interferometer rotates a circle angle estimation Moment is tE, tEValue isBy tEPeak value Γ (the t that moment searches forE) the corresponding moment is recorded Direction ambiguity distribution matrixIn, it is carried out according to equation below：
In formula, H is operated for matrix transposition,ForThe spectrum peak at moment, and so on.
Step 5:It by direction ambiguity curve projection to parameter space, and carries out parameter and adds up, obtain the two dimension of different target Angle estimation.
The pitch angle in spacing wave source 5a) is set as β, azimuth α, array element spacing is d ＞ ＞ λ/2, it is assumed that d=m (λ/ 2), then phase meter is shown as between two array elements：
WhereinPhase difference is one-dimensional multiple with only including by the array element phase difference comprising two dimension angular information between two array elements Close angle degree information phase difference simultaneous, i.e.,：
For entire antenna rotary course, can obtain direction ambiguity curve distribution is：
WhereinBaseline position for different angle fuzzy curve.The peak of extraction It is worth curve representation formula, the situation of k=0 need to be only considered in parameter Estimation.Then above formula becomes：
The value of pitch angle β can be acquired by above formula.
5c) angle precision in setting parameter space is P, parameter space accumulated matrix CA (x, y), and dimension isJust Beginning moment all elements zero setting.Changed if azimuth angle alpha is spent from 0 to 360 with angle precision P, according toIn point Calculate the value of pitch angle β under different α values：
If β within (0~90 °) range,Add up 1 at position.If β not (0~90 °) range with It is interior, then give up the secondary result of calculation.UntilMiddle all the points are all calculated.
5d) CA (x, y) matrix is traversed, search obtains L maximum peak value, and the coordinate position of each peak value represents The azimuth of the target, pitching angle information.The azimuth angle alpha of the value of the present position of l-th of peak value target respectivelyl, pitch angle βl.Multiple target ambiguity solution is completed, realizes target positioning.
For because leading to the problem of serious direction ambiguity during the sparse arrangement of array element, the present invention utilizes the rotation of antenna baseline, The fuzzy value of one-dimensional angle is made to do according to certain rule to change, one-dimensional direction ambiguity curve distribution figure is obtained and again projects distribution map Into parameter space, the two dimension angular for obtaining unlike signal to angle fuzzy curve progress parameter extraction in parameter space is believed Breath realizes multiple target angle ambiguity solution；The present invention is presented the variation of the direction ambiguity value of each target with different curves, avoids The problem of different target angle automatching.
The technique effect of the present invention is explained again below by emulation and its data result
Embodiment 8
Multiple target angle ambiguity solution method based on angle measuring interferometer with embodiment 1-7,
The effect of the present invention can pass through following emulation further verification.
Experiment scene and condition：
Number of sources is 2, and signal source centre frequency is 3GHz, and signal-to-noise ratio is respectively：10dB, 20dB.Pitch angle is distinguished For：20 °, 30 °, azimuth is respectively：150°、40°.Multipassage rotary interferometer element number of array is 10, array element spacing d=1.5m (d=10 (λ/2)), the interferometer rotation π rad/s of angular frequency=0.2, antenna rotation are turned around, number of snapshots 200, sample frequency 40MHz, angle estimation frequency are 10Hz.Traditional angle measuring interferometer, element number of array 2, array element spacing d=15m (d=100 (λ/ 2)), the interferometer rotation π rad/s of angular frequency=0.2, antenna rotation are turned around, sample frequency 40MHz.Angle precision is 0.1 °.
Experiment content and result：
Experiment 1 carries out multipassage rotary interferometer single angle estimation, number of snapshots 200, and the estimation moment is tE= 0.5s obtains angle measuring interferometer single angle estimation direction ambiguity distribution map, as shown in Figure 4.
There are multiple spectrum peaks during spectrum peak search, causes target as it can be seen that due to array element spacing d=10 (λ/2) in Fig. 4 Direction ambiguity.Although real goal angle information can not be extracted in figure, it can obtain including the spectrum peak of multiple targets.
Embodiment 9
Multiple target angle ambiguity solution method based on angle measuring interferometer is with embodiment 1-7, simulated conditions and content with implementation Example 8
Experiment 2, multipassage rotary interferometer is rotated a circle, carries out multiple angle estimation, obtains angle measuring interferometer rotation One week angle fuzzy curve distribution map, as shown in Figure 5.Spectrum peak position changes at any time in the compound function of anti-triangle in figure, The direction ambiguity of each target is changed over time according to certain rule, and is not interfere with each other.
Embodiment 10
Multiple target angle ambiguity solution method based on angle measuring interferometer is with embodiment 1-7, simulated conditions and content with implementation Example 8
Experiment 3, the direction ambiguity curve that rotates a circle to obtained angle measuring interferometer makees parameter to two dimension angular parameter space Accumulation, obtains the parameter accumulation figure after direction ambiguity curve projection to parameter space, as shown in Figure 6.Array element spacing d=10 (λ/ 2) arrangement under the conditions of to the result of two target angle estimations in time, is made of 20 curves, as shown in figure 5, in Fig. 6 In can obtain baseline position in Fig. 5The testing result of two curves, although due in image curve it is more, cause There are some small burrs in parameter space, but testing result still has higher accuracy, detection peak of the result for two targets Value.Fig. 7 is that distribution map is tieed up in the pitching of Fig. 6 parameter accumulation figures, and visible pitch angle is respectively in figure：20°、30°.Fig. 8 is Fig. 6 parameters The azimuth dimension distribution map of figure is accumulated, visible bearing angle is respectively in figure：150°、40°.
The testing result that a target is obtained in this example is：α=20 °, β=150 °；The testing result of another target is： α=30 °, β=40 °.
Embodiment 11
Multiple target angle ambiguity solution method based on angle measuring interferometer is with embodiment 1-7, simulated conditions and content with implementation Example 8
Experiment 4, by the multipassage rotary interferometer ambiguity solution algorithm that the present invention puts forward and traditional angle measuring interferometer method Performance compares, and signal-to-noise ratio variation range is -5dB to 20dB, step-length 1dB, does 1000 Monte Carlo experiments, obtains two kinds The root-mean-square error of direction-finding method compares, as shown in figure 9, the multiple target angle solution mould proposed by the present invention based on angle measuring interferometer Formulating method is being tested in section, and angle estimation root-mean-square error is respectively less than conventional method, in the case of low signal-to-noise ratio, this hair Bright method still has higher direction finding precision.
In brief, a kind of multiple target angle ambiguity solution method based on angle measuring interferometer disclosed by the invention, it is main to solve Certainly the prior art can only estimate multiple targets in the two dimension angular with frequency difference or in the case of the time difference, be unable to estimate with frequency simultaneously The problem of multi-target signal two dimension angular of work.Its implementation is：1st, phase between acquisition multipassage rotary interferometer array element Potential difference matrix；2nd, the interference data matrix that acquisition multipassage rotary interferometer different moments in rotary course receive；3rd, it is right Data matrix carry out before to space smoothing handle and calculate smoothly after signal autocorrelation matrix；4th, correlation matrix is carried out special Value indicative is decomposed, and calculates spectral function, and pass through spectrum peak search and obtain direction ambiguity curve distribution figure；5th, by direction ambiguity curve projection It to parameter space, and carries out parameter and adds up, obtain the two dimension angular estimation of different target.The present invention can be simultaneously to multiple targets Two dimension angular carry out ambiguity solution, calculate each target without fuzzy two-dimensional angle information.It is spaceborne in being scouted for space electronic The two dimension angular estimation of angle measuring interferometer.

Claims (6)

  1. A kind of 1. multiple target angle ambiguity solution method based on angle measuring interferometer, which is characterized in that including having the following steps：
    (1) system modelling is obtained with phase difference matrix：System modelling is carried out to multipassage rotary interferometer, if angle measuring interferometer has N number of array element, array element spacing are d, wherein d=m (λ/2), d ＞ ＞ λ/2, and the rotational angular velocity of angle measuring interferometer is ω, in space There is L signal, obtain phase difference matrix Φ (t) between angle measuring interferometer array element；
    (2) data matrix after accumulating is obtained：Obtain the interference data matrix X that multipassage rotary interferometer is received in t moment0 (t), the accumulation of M snap, the one-dimensional interference data matrix X after being accumulated are carried out and1(t)；
    (3) each submatrix correlation matrix is calculated：To one-dimensional interference data matrix X1(t) it is handled before carrying out to space smoothing, calculates one Tie up interference data matrix X1(t) the one-dimensional interference data matrix XS (t) of each submatrix, the correlation matrix RS (t) of each submatrix and dry Relate to data correlation matrix RX(t)；
    Linear array 3a) is divided into the subarray of Q array element composition, common N-Q+1, group is carried out to the data vector of different array elements It closes, obtains the data matrix XS of each submatrix1(t),XS2(t),...,XSN-Q+1(t)；
    Autocorrelative solution 3b) is carried out to the data matrix being obtained, obtains the correlation matrix RS (t) of each submatrix, and calculate space Interference data correlation matrix R after smoothX(t)；
    (4) one-dimensional direction ambiguity curve distribution is obtained by constantly doing spectrum peak search in multipassage rotary interferometer rotary course Figure：To interference data correlation matrix RX(t) Eigenvalues Decomposition is carried out, and passes through linear search and obtains direction ambiguity curve distribution Figure；
    4a) to interference data correlation matrix RX(t) Eigenvalues Decomposition is carried out, by obtained L big eigenvalue λs1,λ2,λ3…λLIt is right The characteristic vector fs answered1,fs2,...,fsLForm signal subspace US, by the corresponding Characteristic Vectors of remaining N-L small characteristic value Measure fn1,fn2,...,fnN-LForm noise subspace UN；
    4b) the steering vector a (θ) of one-dimensional angle to noise subspace is projected, obtains spectral function P (θ), wherein θ is compound one Angle is tieed up, θ ∈ (- 90 °, 90 °) carry out spectrum peak search, by peak records to the direction ambiguity at corresponding moment to spectral function P (θ) Distribution matrixWhereinFor peak angle, whereinDuring angle measuring interferometer rotates a circle, By the different estimation moment to the peak records that spectral function searches to the direction ambiguity distribution matrix at corresponding momentIn, it obtains To corresponding direction ambiguity curve distribution figure；
    (5) for the parameter extraction of Composite Triangular function angle fuzzy curve distribution map：If signal source azimuth angle is α, wherein α ∈ (0 °, 360 °), signal source pitch angle are β, wherein β ∈ (0 °, 90 °), by direction ambiguity distribution matrixProject to orientation Parameter accumulation is done in the parameter space that angle and pitch angle are formed, extracts two dimension angular information；
    5a) setting parameter space accumulated matrix CA enables azimuth angle alpha spend variation from 0 to 360, according toIn pointMeter Calculate the value of pitch angle β under different α values, if β within (0~90 °) range, in parameter space accumulated matrix CA (α, β) position Put place cumulative 1；If β within (0~90 °) range, does not give up the secondary result of calculation, until direction ambiguity distribution matrixMiddle all the points are all calculated；
    5b) CA (α, β) matrix is traversed, search obtains L maximum peak value, and the coordinate position of each peak value represents the mesh Target azimuth, pitching angle information, the coordinate value of l-th of peak value present position is respectively the azimuth angle alpha of the targetl, pitch angle βl, multiple target ambiguity solution is completed, realizes target angle information positioning.
  2. 2. the multiple target angle ambiguity solution method according to claim 1 based on angle measuring interferometer, which is characterized in that wherein Phase difference matrix Φ (t) between angle measuring interferometer array element in step (1) is represented as follows：
    Wherein, N is interferometer array element number, and L is to have a signal number in space, and d is array element spacing, and d ＞ ＞ λ/2.ω is rotation Interferometer of becoming a cadre is in xOy planes around the angular speed of first array element uniform circular motion in the counterclockwise direction, α1,α2,...,αL, β1,β2,...,βLThe azimuth of respectively each signal, pitch angle, signal wavelength λ.Sample frequency is fs, the value of t is
  3. 3. the multiple target angle ambiguity solution method according to claim 1 based on angle measuring interferometer, which is characterized in that wherein The interference data matrix X that multipassage rotary interferometer is received in t moment in step 20(t), represent as follows：
    Above formula is denoted as：
    X0(t)=Φ (t) S (t)+N (t)
    The x in formula1(t),x2(t),...,xN(t) data received for each array element, s1(t),s2(t),...,sL(t) it is each sky Between signal carrier frequency, n1(t),n2(t),...,nN(t) it is the white Gaussian noise of each array element channel, Normal Distribution N (0, σ2)。X0(t) the reception data vector sampled for array, Φ (t) tie up phase difference transformation matrices for N × L.S (t) representation spaces Signal, N (t) represent noise matrix.
  4. 4. the multiple target angle ambiguity solution method according to claim 1 based on angle measuring interferometer, which is characterized in that by one The steering vector a (θ) for tieing up angle is projected to two-dimentional noise subspace, obtains the distribution of one-dimensional compound angle θ, wherein step 4b) The calculating of middle spectral function is carried out according to equation below：
    Whereinθ ∈ (- 90 °, 90 °), H turn for matrix Operation is put, spectrum peak search is carried out to spectral function P (θ) in entire θ value ranges, if the angle estimation frequency of angle measuring interferometer is fE, wherein fE＜ ＜ fS, interferometer rotates a circle the angle estimation moment as tE, tEValue isBy tEMoment Search for obtained spectrum peak Γ (tE) the direction ambiguity distribution matrix at corresponding moment is recordedIn, whereinFor peak value Angle, whereinX represents the label of different signal source, and y represents the label of the different fuzzy values of same signal, Wherein l ∈ (1, L), i ∈ (1, m), carry out according to equation below：
    By tESpectrum peak Γ (the t that moment searches forE) the direction ambiguity distribution matrix at corresponding moment is recordedIn, It is carried out according to equation below：
  5. 5. the multiple target angle ambiguity solution method according to claim 1 based on angle measuring interferometer, which is characterized in that wherein Step 5a) in space accumulated matrix CA construct as follows：
    Angle precision in setting parameter space is P, setting parameter space accumulated matrix CA (x, y), and dimension isWhen initial All elements zero setting is carved, i.e.,：
  6. 6. the multiple target angle ambiguity solution method according to claim 1 based on angle measuring interferometer, which is characterized in that wherein Step 5a), in parameter space, when azimuth angle alpha is spent from 0 to 360 to be changed with angle precision P, the value of corresponding pitch angle β, It carries out as follows：
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CN109901104A (en) * 2019-04-18 2019-06-18 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 A method of it is fuzzy that interferometer direction finding being solved by the estimation time difference
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