CN108254337A - 一种用于预测甜玉米中葡萄糖和果糖含量的nirs模型构建方法 - Google Patents
一种用于预测甜玉米中葡萄糖和果糖含量的nirs模型构建方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于预测甜玉米中葡萄糖和果糖含量的NIRS模型构建方法,其包括如下步骤:1)样品近红外光谱的收集:获取其近红外光谱信息;2)酶法样液的制备;3)样品果糖和葡萄糖的测定:得样品化学值;4)NIRS建模:对葡萄糖含量的定标模型和果糖含量的定标模型进行光谱的散射校正和数学处理。本发明针对甜玉米中葡萄糖和果糖含量采用红外光谱分析结合酶法测定的化学值,通过光谱的散射校正和数学处理,对全光谱波段进行了化学计量学的分析统计,构建起葡萄糖和果糖含量的NIRS模型,其可用于快速预测甜玉米中葡萄糖和果糖的含量,进而为加快甜玉米优质种质资源筛选与品质育种提供有价值的参考。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及植物育种领域,特别涉及一种甜玉米中的葡萄糖和果糖含量的检测。
背景技术
近红外反射光谱(NIRS)技术通过近红外光束对样品进行辐射,搜集到光束响应回来的反射率或透射率,其基本原理是:被测的有机物体内含有带氢基团(X-H)或者碳碳双键(C-C)等化学键,这些化学键在近红外光束照射下会发生泛频振动或转动,然后以漫反射方式获得在近红外区的吸收光谱。样品中不同的物质化学组成含有不同含氢基团,如淀粉、蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖和水溶性多糖等都具有不一样的含氢基团。这些不同的含氢基团在近红外光谱区能够产生相对应特定的吸收光谱特征带,再通过先进的数学方法,利用计算机构建起被测样品光谱及其相关组分含量之间的相关性模型,从而实现仅仅需要利用近红外仪搜集获取相关的光谱信息就能够通过模型运算出待测样品的组分含量。相比较于传统的化学方法,NIRS技术具有测定速度快、样品制备简单、不耗费化学试剂、操作简便、成本低、无污染等优点。NIRS技术不但可以分析与含氢基团有关的成分如蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉、氨基酸等,还可以分析物质的密度、黏度、颗粒度的大小等。随着仪器硬件技术不断完善和化学计量学软件的发展,NIRS技术成功地应用于食品、药品、农产品等各领域的定量定性研究。近年来NIRS技术在植物育种与种质资源研究中的应用已成为一个活跃的研究领域。
甜玉米含有丰富的多糖、食物纤维、微量元素以及维生素,具有较高的食用、营养、经济和加工价值。在欧美、韩国和日本等发达国家,甜玉米当作主要蔬菜之一。我国对甜玉米消费需求量也在不断增加,甜玉米消费市场和发展前景拥有巨大的潜力。近年来,我国已进入到全球种植甜玉米大国行列,2015年我国成为了世界甜玉米种植第二大国,甜玉米深加工制品一概俱全,并出口国际市场,甜玉米产业逐渐壮大。
根据突变基因的不同,甜玉米分为三种基本类型:超甜型、普甜型和加强甜型。普甜型甜玉米约含有10%可溶性糖和35%水溶性多糖,但是其品质下降很快,货架期很短;超甜型甜玉米含有25~30%的高含量糖分,淀粉含量较低,不含水溶性多糖但是能保持很久的甜味,因此其拥有更长的收获期和货架期,可以极大地减少作物的损失。而加强甜型甜玉米的糖分含量比普甜型高出一倍以上(20%~35%),并且水溶性多含量也很高,但是品质也如普甜型一样下降得很快。
糖分含量及组成是影响甜玉米品质的一个关键因素。甜玉米糖分包含可溶性糖(果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖)、淀粉和水溶性多糖。籽粒的含可溶性糖量越高,相对应地其感官甜度就会越强烈,往往越甜的甜玉米品种越会受大众的喜爱。目前,华南地区甜玉米育种的瓶颈是缺乏优质的品种,解决优质育种关键的前提是对品质指标进行量化,建立快速简单的鉴定评价体系,然后筛选出优质的资源用于遗传改良。目前甜玉米糖分含量的测定的方法主要是采用化学检测方法如高效液相色谱法、糖度计法、蒽酮比色法、3,5-二硝基水杨酸法、酶解法等,但这些方法存在成本高,污染环境,操作技术要求高等缺点。因此研究快速简单准确的甜玉米糖分检测方法对甜玉米种质资源筛选与育种都具有十分重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对上述现有技术中用于甜玉米中糖分含量测定方法的不足,提供一种用于预测甜玉米中葡萄糖含量和果糖含量的NIRS模型构建方法,其可快速对甜玉米中葡萄糖和果糖含量进行测定,进而为加快甜玉米优质种质资源筛选与品质育种提供参考。
本发明所采取的技术方案是:一种用于预测甜玉米中葡萄糖和果糖含量的NIRS模型构建方法,其包括如下步骤:
1)样品近红外光谱的收集:
通过系谱法选育后选取品种不同且具有代表性的甜玉米完整籽粒120~400份作为样品,对样品进行扫描并获取其近红外光谱信息;
2)酶法样液的制备:
甜玉米样品磨碎过60目筛,准确称取0.5g干样粉末放入10mL离心管中,加入4.5mL的超纯水,利用混匀仪震荡30min,再5000r/min离心处理30min,取3mL上清液于10mL离心管并加入7mL超纯水充分混匀,后准确量取0.1mL加入2.9mL超纯水稀释,该稀释液作为酶法样液;
3)样品果糖和葡萄糖的测定:
10mm石英比色皿中加入100μL步骤2)所得酶法样液,其中空白样以100μL超纯水代替100μL酶法样液,再分别加入2100μL蒸馏水、100μL咪唑缓冲液及100μL的NADP+和ATP混合溶液到比色皿中,轻轻混合有盖比色皿,放置3min,于紫外可见分光光度计的340nm处读取吸光度A1,然后加入20μL的己糖激酶和葡萄糖脱氢酶悬浮液至比色皿,轻轻混合,室温下放置5min,于紫外可见分光光度计的340nm处读取吸光度A2,而后再加入20μL的磷酸葡萄糖异构酶悬浮液到比色皿中,轻轻混合,室温放10min,于紫外可见分光光度计的340nm读取吸光度A3,根据K-SUFRG_CALC数据处理方法计算出各样品中葡萄糖和果糖含量,作为样品化学值;
4)NIRS建模:
根据步骤3)所得样品化学值和步骤1)所得样品近红外光谱信息,将各样品分为定标集和验证集,定标集采用MPLS方法建立定标模型,验证集合用于验证所建模型的可信度,对定标模型进行光谱的散射校正和数学处理,其中对葡萄糖含量的定标模型采用加权多元散射校正方式结合1阶导数进行数学处理,得葡萄糖含量定标模型,对果糖含量的定标模型采用标准正常化及去散射处理结合数学组合为2,6,6进行数学处理,得果糖含量定标模型。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,步骤4)中所述葡萄糖含量定标模型的预测相关系数为0.593。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,步骤4)中所述果糖含量定标模型的预测相关系数为0.780。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明针对甜玉米完整籽粒样品采用红外光谱分析结合酶法测定的化学值,通过光谱的散射校正和数学处理,对全光谱波段进行了化学计量学的分析统计,构建起葡萄糖和果糖含量的NIRS模型,其可用于快速预测甜玉米中葡萄糖和果糖的含量,进而为加快甜玉米优质种质资源筛选与品质育种提供有价值的参考。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行具体描述,以便于所属技术领域的人员对本发明的理解。有必要在此特别指出的是,实施例只是用于对本发明做进一步说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,所属领域技术熟练人员,根据上述发明内容对本发明作出的非本质性的改进和调整,应仍属于本发明的保护范围。同时下述所提及的原料未详细说明的,均为市售产品;未详细提及的工艺步骤或制备方法为均为本领域技术人员所知晓的工艺步骤或制备方法。
一种用于预测甜玉米中葡萄糖和果糖含量的NIRS模型构建方法,其包括如下步骤:
1)样品近红外光谱的收集:
通过系谱法选育后选取品种不同且具有代表性的甜玉米完整籽粒120~400份作为样品,对样品进行扫描并获取其近红外光谱信息。
2)酶法样液的制备:
甜玉米样品磨碎过60目筛,准确称取0.5g干样粉末放入10mL离心管中,加入4.5mL的超纯水,利用混匀仪震荡30min,再5000r/min离心处理30min,取3mL上清液于10mL离心管并加入7mL超纯水充分混匀,后准确量取0.1mL加入2.9mL超纯水稀释,该稀释液作为酶法样液。
3)样品果糖和葡萄糖的测定:
10mm石英比色皿中加入100μL步骤2)所得酶法样液,其中空白样以100μL超纯水代替100μL酶法样液,再分别加入2100μL蒸馏水、100μL咪唑缓冲液及100μL的NADP+和ATP混合溶液到比色皿中,轻轻混合有盖比色皿,放置3min,于紫外可见分光光度计的340nm处读取吸光度A1,然后加入20μL的己糖激酶和葡萄糖脱氢酶悬浮液至比色皿,轻轻混合,室温下放置5min,于紫外可见分光光度计的340nm处读取吸光度A2,而后再加入20μL的磷酸葡萄糖异构酶悬浮液到比色皿中,轻轻混合,室温放10min,于紫外可见分光光度计的340nm读取吸光度A3,根据K-SUFRG_CALC数据处理方法计算出各样品中葡萄糖和果糖含量,作为样品化学值,其中葡萄糖和果糖的计算公式如下:
ΔA葡萄糖=(A2-A1)样品-(A2-A1)空白;
ΔA果糖=(A3-A2)样品-(A3-A2)空白;
浓度计算如下:
V=最后体积(mL)
MW=检测物质的分子量(g/mol)
ε=NADP在340nm处的消光系数
=6300(1×mol-1×cm-1)
d=光路(cm)
v=样品体积(mL)
4)NIRS建模:
根据步骤3)所得样品化学值和步骤1)所得样品近红外光谱信息,将各样品分为定标集和验证集,定标集采用MPLS方法建立定标模型,验证集合用于验证所建模型的可信度,对定标模型进行光谱的散射校正和数学处理,其中对葡萄糖含量的定标模型采用加权多元散射校正方式结合1阶导数进行数学处理,得葡萄糖含量定标模型,对果糖含量的定标模型采用标准正常化及去散射处理结合数学组合为2,6,6进行数学处理,得果糖含量定标模型。
进一步作为优选的实施方式,步骤4)中所述葡萄糖含量定标模型的预测相关系数为0.593。
进一步作为优选的实施方式,步骤4)中所述果糖含量定标模型的预测相关系数为0.780。
上述实施例为本发明的优选实施例,凡与本发明类似的工艺及所作的等效变化,均应属于本发明的保护范畴。
Claims (3)
1.一种用于预测甜玉米中葡萄糖和果糖含量的NIRS模型构建方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)样品近红外光谱的收集:
通过系谱法选育后选取品种不同且具有代表性的甜玉米完整籽粒120~400份作为样品,对样品进行扫描并获取其近红外光谱信息;
2)酶法样液的制备:
甜玉米样品磨碎过60目筛,准确称取0.5g干样粉末放入10mL离心管中,加入4.5mL的超纯水,利用混匀仪震荡30min,再5000r/min离心处理30min,取3mL上清液于10mL离心管并加入7mL超纯水充分混匀,后准确量取0.1mL加入2.9mL超纯水稀释,该稀释液作为酶法样液;
3)样品果糖和葡萄糖的测定:
10mm石英比色皿中加入100μL步骤2)所得酶法样液,其中空白样以100μL超纯水代替100μL酶法样液,再分别加入2100μL蒸馏水、100μL咪唑缓冲液及100μL的NADP+和ATP混合溶液到比色皿中,轻轻混合有盖比色皿,放置3min,于紫外可见分光光度计的340nm处读取吸光度A1,然后加入20μL的己糖激酶和葡萄糖脱氢酶悬浮液至比色皿,轻轻混合,室温下放置5min,于紫外可见分光光度计的340nm处读取吸光度A2,而后再加入20μL的磷酸葡萄糖异构酶悬浮液到比色皿中,轻轻混合,室温放10min,于紫外可见分光光度计的340nm读取吸光度A3,根据K-SUFRG_CALC数据处理方法计算出各样品中葡萄糖和果糖含量,作为样品化学值;
4)NIRS建模:
根据步骤3)所得样品化学值和步骤1)所得样品近红外光谱信息,将各样品分为定标集和验证集,定标集采用MPLS方法建立定标模型,验证集合用于验证所建模型的可信度,对定标模型进行光谱的散射校正和数学处理,其中对葡萄糖含量的定标模型采用加权多元散射校正方式结合1阶导数进行数学处理,得葡萄糖含量定标模型,对果糖含量的定标模型采用标准正常化及去散射处理结合数学组合为2,6,6进行数学处理,得果糖含量定标模型。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于预测甜玉米中葡萄糖和果糖含量的NIRS模型构建方法,其特征在于:步骤4)中所述葡萄糖含量定标模型的预测相关系数为0.593。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于预测甜玉米中葡萄糖和果糖含量的NIRS模型构建方法,其特征在于:步骤4)中所述果糖含量定标模型的预测相关系数为0.780。
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